Noninvasive Urine-Based Tests to Diagnose Or Detect Recurrence of Bladder Cancer
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Bladder Cancer Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging Detection and Diagnosis
cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Bladder Cancer Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging Detection and Diagnosis Finding cancer early, when it's small and hasn't spread, often allows for more treatment options. Some early cancers may have signs and symptoms that can be noticed, but that's not always the case. ● Can Bladder Cancer Be Found Early? ● Bladder Cancer Signs and Symptoms ● Tests for Bladder Cancer Stages and Outlook (Prognosis) After a cancer diagnosis, staging provides important information about the extent (amount) of cancer in the body and the likely response to treatment. ● Bladder Cancer Stages ● Survival Rates for Bladder Cancer Questions to Ask About Bladder Cancer Here are some questions you can ask your cancer care team to help you better understand your cancer diagnosis and treatment options. ● Questions To Ask About Bladder Cancer 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Can Bladder Cancer Be Found Early? Bladder cancer can sometimes be found early -- when it's small and hasn't spread beyond the bladder. Finding it early improves your chances that treatment will work. Screening for bladder cancer Screening is the use of tests or exams to look for a disease in people who have no symptoms. At this time, no major professional organizations recommend routine screening of the general public for bladder cancer. This is because no screening test has been shown to lower the risk of dying from bladder cancer in people who are at average risk. Some providers may recommend bladder cancer tests for people at very high risk, such as: ● People who had bladder cancer before ● People who had certain birth defects of the bladder ● People exposed to certain chemicals at work Tests that might be used to look for bladder cancer Tests for bladder cancer look for different substances and/or cancer cells in the urine. -
Clinical Usefulness of Urine Cytology in the Detection of Bladder Tumors in Patients with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
Journal name: Research and Reports in Urology Article Designation: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Year: 2017 Volume: 9 Research and Reports in Urology Dovepress Running head verso: Pannek et al Running head recto: Cytology for bladder tumor detection in neurogenic bladder open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S148429 Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Clinical usefulness of urine cytology in the detection of bladder tumors in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction Jürgen Pannek Introduction: Screening for bladder cancer in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract Franziska Rademacher dysfunction is a challenge. Cystoscopy alone is not sufficient to detect bladder tumors in this Jens Wöllner patient group. We investigated the usefulness of combined cystoscopy and urine cytology. Materials and methods: By a systematic chart review, we identified all patients with neuro- Neuro-Urology, Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland genic lower urinary tract dysfunction who underwent combined cystoscopy and urine cytology testing. In patients with suspicious findings either in cytology or cystoscopy, transurethral resection was performed. Results: Seventy-nine patients (age 54.8±14.3 years, 38 female, 41 male) were identified; 44 of these used indwelling catheters. Cystoscopy was suspicious in 25 patients and cytology was suspicious in 17 patients. Histologically, no tumor was found in 15 patients and bladder cancer was found in 6 patients. Sensitivity for both cytology and cystoscopy was 83.3%; specificity was 43.7% for cytology and 31.2% for cystoscopy. One bladder tumor was missed by cytology and three tumors were missed by cystoscopy. If a biopsy was taken only if both findings were suspicious, four patients would have been spared the procedure, and one tumor would not have been diagnosed. -
Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Biomarkers CYFRA 21.1, ERCC1, P53, FGFR3 and TATI in Bladder Cancers
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Biomarkers CYFRA 21.1, ERCC1, p53, FGFR3 and TATI in Bladder Cancers Milena Matuszczak and Maciej Salagierski * Department of Urology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 April 2020; Accepted: 5 May 2020; Published: 9 May 2020 Abstract: The high occurrence of bladder cancer and its tendency to recur in combination with a lifelong surveillance make the treatment of superficial bladder cancer one of the most expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, carcinoma in situ often leads to muscle invasion with an unfavorable prognosis. Currently, invasive methods including cystoscopy and cytology remain a gold standard. The aim of this study was to explore urine-based biomarkers to find the one with the best specificity and sensitivity, which would allow optimizing the treatment plan. In this review, we sum up the current knowledge about Cytokeratin fragments (CYFRA 21.1), Excision Repair Cross-Complementation 1 (ERCC1), Tumour Protein p53 (Tp53), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3), Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor (TATI) and their potential applications in clinical practice. Keywords: biomarkers; bladder cancer; tumor markers; prognosis 1. Introduction: Bladder Cancer Issues and Biomarkers Bladder cancer is the most common urinary site of malignancy and the second most common reason of cancer deaths from the genitourinary tract after prostate cancer in the United States, with 81,400 new cases and 17,980 deaths in the year 2020 [1]. Globally there are about 430,000 new cases diagnosed each year [2]. -
NMP22) As a Tumour Marker in Bladder Cancer Patients
NOWOTWORY Journal of Oncology • 2005 • volume 55 Number 4 • 300–302 Evaluation of the urinary nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) as a tumour marker in bladder cancer patients Maria Kowalska1, Janina Kamiƒska1, Beata Kotowicz1, Ma∏gorzata Fuksiewicz1, Alicja Rysiƒska1, Tomasz Demkow 2, Tomasz Kalinowski 2 Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical use of the urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) assessment in bladder cancer patients. Patients and methods. 98 patients with bladder cancer were examined. All tumours were verified histopathologically. Urine samples were collected before cystoscopy and assayed for NMP22 levels with Diagnostic Products Corporation tests. Urine samples of 15 healthy volunteers served as controls. For the statistical analysis the Mann-Whitney test was employed. Results. Urine NMP22 concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.0003) in patients with bladder cancer than in controls. No significant differences between the NMP22 concentrations in patients with complete remission and patients with recurrent disease were found. Conclusions. Urinary NMP22 is a potential marker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer, but not for the differentiation between disease-free patients and those with recurrent disease. Ocena przydatnoÊci oznaczania NMP22 w moczu jako markera nowotworowego u chorych na raka p´cherza Ws t ´ p. Celem pracy by∏o zbadanie, czy oznaczanie markera nowotworowego NMP22 mo˝e byç pomocne w monitorowa- niu chorych na raka p´cherza. Pacjenci i metody. Do badania zakwalifikowano 98 chorych z potwierdzonym histologicznie rakiem p´cherza. Próbki moczu pobierano przed cystoskopià. St´˝enie NMP22 w moczu oznaczano zestawami firmy DPC. W∏asne normy ustalono w oparciu o oznaczenia st´˝eƒ NMP22 w grupie 15 zdrowych osób. -
Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Urine: a Route Towards Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine of Bladder Cancer
Journal of Personalized Medicine Review Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Urine: A Route towards Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine of Bladder Cancer Matteo Ferro 1,† , Evelina La Civita 2,†, Antonietta Liotti 2, Michele Cennamo 2, Fabiana Tortora 3 , Carlo Buonerba 4,5, Felice Crocetto 6 , Giuseppe Lucarelli 7 , Gian Maria Busetto 8 , Francesco Del Giudice 9 , Ottavio de Cobelli 1,10, Giuseppe Carrieri 9, Angelo Porreca 11, Amelia Cimmino 12,* and Daniela Terracciano 2,* 1 Department of Urology of European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (O.d.C.) 2 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (E.L.C.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (M.C.) 3 Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 4 CRTR Rare Tumors Reference Center, AOU Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 5 Environment & Health Operational Unit, Zoo-Prophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy 6 Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 7 Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; [email protected] 8 Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, -
EAU Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma in Situ Adrian P.M
European Urology European Urology 48 (2005) 363–371 EAU Guidelines EAU Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma in Situ Adrian P.M. van der Meijdena,*, Richard Sylvesterb, Willem Oosterlinckc, Eduardo Solsonad, Andreas Boehlee, Bernard Lobelf, Erkki Rintalag for the EAU Working Party on Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer aDepartment of Urology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Nieuwstraat 34, 5211 NL ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands bEORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium cDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium dDepartment of Urology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain eDepartment of Urology, Helios Agnes Karll Hospital, Bad Schwartau, Germany fDepartment of Urology, Hopital Ponchaillou, Rennes, France gDepartment of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Accepted 13 May 2005 Available online 13 June 2005 Abstract Objectives: On behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU), guidelines for the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of patients with urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) have been established. Method: The recommendations in these guidelines are based on a recent comprehensive overview and meta-analysis in which two panel members have been involved (RS and AVDM). A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, the US Physicians’ Data Query (PDQ), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and reference lists in trial publications and review articles. Results: Recommendations are provided for the diagnosis, conservative and radical surgical treatment, and follow- up of patients with CIS. Levels of evidence are influenced by the lack of large randomized trials in the treatment of CIS. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bladder cancer; Carcinoma in situ; Bacillus Calmette-Guerin; Chemotherapy; Diagnosis; Treatment; Follow up 1. -
Appendix E: Authorization Guidelines for Laboratory, Ob/Gyn, and Radiology Services (Auto Pay List)
KAISER PERMANENTE OF OHIO APPENDIX E: AUTHORIZATION GUIDELINES FOR LABORATORY, OB/GYN, AND RADIOLOGY SERVICES (AUTO PAY LIST) Kaiser Permanente Provider Manual APPENDIX E Revised September 2012 1 KAISER PERMANENTE OF OHIO Appendix E: Authorization Guidelines for Laboratory, Ob/Gyn, and Radiology Services (Auto Pay List) The Laboratory, Ob/Gyn, and Radiology Services listed below may be performed without a Referral if ordered by a Kaiser Permanente Plan Physician and when performed at a Kaiser Permanente Plan Facility. However, the tests or procedures must be medically appropriate for the Member’s diagnosis and the Member must be eligible for coverage on the date of Service. Reimbursement for these Services will be made in accordance with the terms of the Agreement between Kaiser Permanente and the Plan Provider. Kaiser Permanente Provider Manual APPENDIX E Revised September 2012 2 KAISER PERMANENTE OF OHIO KAISER PERMANENTE AUTO PAY LIST HCPCS EFFECTIVE Code PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION DATE 00104 ANESTHESIA FOR ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY 1/1/2007 SUBCUTANEOUS HORMONE PELLET IMPLANTATION (IMPLANTATION OF ESTRADIOL AND/OR TESTOSTERONE PELLETS BENEATH THE 11980 SKIN) 1/1/2005 SIMPLE REPAIR OF SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS OF SCALP, NECK, AXILLAE, EXTERNAL GENITALIA, TRUNK AND/OR EXTREMITIES (INCLUDING 12001 HANDS AND FEE 1/1/2005 LAYER CLOSURE OF WOUNDS OF SCALP, AXILLAE, TRUNK AND/OR 12031 EXTREMITIES (EXCLUDING HANDS AND FEET); 2.5 CM OR LESS 1/1/2005 LAYER CLOSURE OF WOUNDS OF FACE, EARS, EYELIDS, NOSE, LIPS 12051 AND/OR MUCOUS MEMBRANES; 2. -
Urine Cytological Examination
F1000Research 2019, 8:1878 Last updated: 28 JUL 2021 RESEARCH ARTICLE Urine cytological examination: an appropriate method that can be used to detect a wide range of urinary abnormalities [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Emmanuel Edwar Siddig 1-3, Nouh S. Mohamed 4-6, Eman Taha Ali7,8, Mona A. Mohamed4, Mohamed S. Muneer 9-11, Abdulla Munir6, Ali Mahmoud Mohammed Edris8,12, Eiman S. Ahmed1, Lubna S. Elnour2, Rowa Hassan 1,13 1Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 2Faculty of Medical Laboratoy Sciences, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 3School of Medicine, Nile University, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 4Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Nile university, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 5Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Sinnar University, Sinnar, Sinnar, 11111, Sudan 6National University Research Institute, National University, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 7Department of Histopathology and Cytology, National University, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 8Department of Histopathology and Cytology, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 9Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic in Florida, USA, Fl, USA 10Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic in Florida, USA, USA 11Department of Internal Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan 12Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia, Bisha, Saudi Arabia 13Global Health and Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom, UK v1 First published: 07 Nov 2019, 8:1878 Open Peer Review https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20276.1 Latest published: 07 Nov 2019, 8:1878 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20276.1 Reviewer Status Invited Reviewers Abstract Background: Urine cytology is a method that can be used for the 1 2 primary detection of urothelial carcinoma, as well as other diseases related to the urinary system, including hematuria and infectious version 1 agents. -
Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancer: a Systematic Review Towards the Identification of True Cancer Biomarkers for Early Detection
Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancer: A Systematic Review Towards the identification of true cancer biomarkers for early detection Louis-Philippe Fermon Student number: 01304166 Promotor: Prof. Inge Huybrechts Copromotor: Prof. Dr. Veronique Cocquyt A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in Medicine. Academic year: 2017 – 2018 2 | P a g e Deze pagina is niet beschikbaar omdat ze persoonsgegevens bevat. Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, 2021. This page is not available because it contains personal information. Ghent Universit , Librar , 2021. 4 | P a g e VOORWOORD “Sic parvis magna” “Greatness from small beginnings” After two years of intensive labour, I’m happy to finally present this dissertation. I would not have been able to do this without the help of my family, friends and of course, my promotor Prof. Dr. Inge Huybrechts. She was always eager to lend support, especially during though moments, and was available when I had any questions or needed any help. Furthermore, I would like to thank a few special people that aided me throughout this process. Firstly, my parents, without whom I would not have been able to bring it home. Secondly, I would like to thank my girlfriend Kimberley and all- time best friend Thomas, who’s advice and support were deeply appreciated. Lastly, I won’t forget all others who were there when I needed them the most. Thank you. 5 | P a g e 6 | P a g e Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Cancer as major health issue.............................................................................................. -
1 Tumor Markers Currently Utilized in Cancer Care Gaetano
Tumor markers currently utilized in cancer care Gaetano Romano (gromano at temple dot edu) Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Bio-Life Science Bldg. Suite 456, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, U.S.A. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.13070/mm.en.5.1456 Date last modified : 2015-10-02; original version : 2015-09-25 Cite as MATER METHODS 2015;5:1456 Abstract A review of tumor markers that are currently used in cancer care. Introduction Tumor markers are products that may derive from malignant cells and/or other cells of the organism in response to the onset of cancer [1-5]. Their production may also be induced by noncancerous benign tumors [1-5]. Some tumor markers can be detected in malignant tissues obtained from biopsies [6-19], whereas others can be analyzed in the blood, bone marrow, urine, or other body fluids [20-25]. Sometimes, tumor markers may also be observed in cancer-free subjects, but in much lower doses than oncological patients. In addition, relatively high levels of a certain tumor marker might develop from various non-malignant pathological conditions, such as liver diseases, inflammations, kidney-related dysfunctions, infections and hematological disorders. On these grounds, high levels of a certain tumor marker in the blood, or in other body fluids might indicate the presence of a malignancy. However, per se, this finding is not sufficient to substantiate the diagnosis of a cancer. For this reason, the analysis of tumor markers in the blood, or other fluids must be combined with the analysis of biopsies, or other tests in order to confirm the diagnosis. -
Fluid Cytology
Essentials of Fluid Cytology Gia-Khanh Nguyen 2018 Essentials of Fluid Cytology Gia-Khanh Nguyen, MD, FRCPC Professor Emeritus Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Revised first edition, 2018. All rights reserved. Legally deposited at Library and Archives Canada. ISBN: 978-0-9881205-4-9. 2 Table of contents Remarks 5 Contributors 6 Abbreviations and Related materials by the same author 7 Chapter 1: Serous effusions 8 Collection and preparation of cell samples Transudate and exudate Benign mesothelial cell proliferation 10 Neoplastic diseases A. Mesothelioma 13 - Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry and Ultrastructure - Cytopathology - Immunocytochemistry and Molecular features - Diagnostic accuracy B. Primary effusion lymphoma C. Metastatic cancers 28 -Epithelial tumors -Non-epithelial tumors Miscellaneous effusions Diagnostic accuracy Bibliography Chapter 2: Peritoneal and Pelvic washings 64 Indications and goals Collection and preparation of cell samples Cytologic findings A. Normal peritoneal and pelvic washings B. Gynecologic malignant tumors C. Second-look laparotomy D. Non-gynecologic malignancies Diagnostic accuracy and pitfalls Bibliography 3 Chapter 3: Cerebrospinal fluid 75 Indications and goals Collection and preparation of cell samples Normal CSF cytology and contaminants Inflammatory diseases Neoplasms A. Primary CNS tumors B. Metastatic tumors Diagnostic accuracy and pitfalls Bibliography Chapter 4: Urine in urinary tract lesions 89 Indications and goals Collection of cell samples Specimen processing Normal urinary tract Benign conditions Neoplasms A. Urothelial neoplasms 100 B. Other neoplasms Diagnostic accuracy and pitfalls The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology 117 Bibliography Chapter 5: Urine in non-neoplastic renal parenchymal diseases 124 Collection and preparation of cell samples Normal urine Glomerular diseases 125 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis 130 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis Acute renal failure 133 A. -
Can Urinary Biomarkers Replace Cystoscopy?
World Journal of Urology (2019) 37:1741–1749 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2505-2 TOPIC PAPER Can urinary biomarkers replace cystoscopy? Moritz Maas1 · Jens Bedke1 · Arnulf Stenzl1 · Tilman Todenhöfer1 Received: 9 July 2018 / Accepted: 24 September 2018 / Published online: 3 October 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Purpose Diagnosis and follow-up in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) rely on cystoscopy and urine cytology. The aim of this review paper is to give an update on urinary biomarkers and their diagnosis and surveillance potential. Besides FDA-approved markers, recent approaches like DNA methylation assays, mRNA gene expression assays and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are evaluated to assess whether replacing cystoscopy with urine markers is a potential scenario for the future. Methods We performed a non-systematic review of current literature without time period restriction using the National Library of Medicine database (http://ww.pubmed.gov). The search included the following key words in diferent combina- tions: “urothelial carcinoma”, “urinary marker”, “hematuria”, “cytology” and “bladder cancer”. Further, references were extracted from identifed articles. The results were evaluated regarding their clinical relevance and study quality. Results Currently, replacing cystoscopy with available urine markers is not recommended by international guidelines. For FDA-approved markers, prospective randomized trials are lacking. Newer approaches focusing on molecular, genomic and transcriptomic aberrations are promising with good accuracies. Furthermore, these assays may provide additional molecular information to guide individualized surveillance strategies and therapy. Currently ongoing prospective trials will determine if cystoscopy reduction is feasible. Conclusion Urinary markers represent a non-invasive approach for molecular characterization of the disease.