Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration

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Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration This document is based the work of the Placement Review Committee, representing Child Welfare Professionals and Families from across the Commonwealth. The document was edited by Peg McCartt Hess, Ph.D., ACSW March 1999 Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 1 Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 2 The Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, Office of Children, Youth and Families thanks the members of the Placement Review Committee for their efforts on the Visitation handbook. The commitment and dedication of the committee members has resulted in a product that will assist Child Welfare staff in their delivery of services to children and their families. The Placement Review Committee members include: Jane Bentrem Bob Caselli Annex, Health and Welfare Washington County Children Northern Tier Youth Services Building and Youth Christine Corp Patti Flood Bernadette Bianchi Parents Involved Network Family Intervention Crisis PA Council of Children’s Services Services Andrea Daniels Centre County Delaware County Children Jim Biesecker and Youth Lew Fulare SWAN Youth Services Bureau Paula Davenport Cheryl Bleiler Family Support Associates Mary Germond Lehigh County Children and Delaware County Children Youth Jeanne DiAngelis and Youth Executive Director Larry Breitenstein PA Council of Children’s Bob Gioffre Director Services DPW - Office of Children, Westmoreland County Youth and Families Children and Youth Ellen DiDomenico Annex, Health and Welfare Columbia County Children Building Teddi Berlatsky and Youth Lutheran Children and Family Kimberly Grant Services Paul DiLorenzo McKean County Family Special Assistant to the Preservation Kathy Boyd Deputy Secretary Chester County Children and DPW - Office of Children, Kim Gravitz Youth Youth and Families McKean County Children and Government Services Center Youth Kevin E. Dolan June Cairns, MSW, LSW CPS Supervisor Edward Herman Executive Director Northampton County Lehigh County Government Children, Youth and Family Children and Youth Center Council Education Consortium Marylou Doughty Peg Hess Montgomery County Children Columbia University Paul Cancilla and Youth Erie County Children and Human Services Center Jim Hinkle Youth Dauphin County Children and Nancy Evans Youth Rochelle Caplan Delaware County Children City of Philadelphia and Youth Richard Houston Department of Human DPW - Central Region Office Services Rick Fiene of Children, Youth and DPW - Office of Children, Families Youth and Families Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 3 Wendy Hoverter Terence Pike Dr. Marcia Studivant Cumberland County Children Lehigh County Children and Allegheny County Children and Youth Services Youth and Youth Diedre Jacques Barbara Pine Betty Surbeck Delaware County Children University of Connecticut Children and Youth Services and Youth School of Social Work of Delaware County Kathy Jones-Kelley Len Pocius PA Child Welfare DPW - Northeast Region Sandra Thomas Competency Based Training Office of Children, Youth and Chester County Children and Program Families Youth Karen Kessen Lynn Rainey Maxine Tucker Somerset County Children Bucks County Children and City of Philadelphia and Youth Youth Department of Human Services Cynthia King Joanita Salla Children and Youth Division Delaware County Children Luzerne County Children and and Youth Youth David Ungerer Lehigh County Children and Marcia Labonte Christine Semon Youth Cumberland County Children Indiana County Children and and Youth Youth Ellen Walker City of Philadelphia Patricia G. Lee Anne Shenberger Department of Human Lancaster County Children DPW - Southeast Region Services and Youth Office of Children, Youth and Families Leslie Walker Sally Lupini Chester County Children and Columbia County Children Rosemarie Slegel Youth and Youth Pinebrook Services for Children and Youth Laurie Ward Paula McClure Youth Services, Inc. Indiana County Children and Carol Smith Youth Centre County Children and Terry Watson Youth Centre County Children and Cynthia Manuel Youth DPW - Office of Children, Chuck Songer Youth and Families PCYA Eileen West Annex, Health and Welfare DPW - Office of Children, Building Bob Stefan Youth and Families DPW - Western Region Andrea Matsko Office of Children, Youth and James Wilkin Bucks County Children and Families Bucks County Children and Youth Youth Wayne Stevenson Don Pegg DPW - Office of Children, Christine Williams Columbia County Children Youth and Families Lancaster County Children and Youth and Youth Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 4 Table of Contents Chapter 1: WHY IS VISITING IMPORTANT? PAGE What Research Tells Us 11 Mandates of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 16 Summary 17 Chapter 2: RECOMMENDED VISITING PRACTICE STANDARDS Developing Written Visiting Plans 23 Building the Family’s Service Team 25 Developing Visiting Plans That Are Safe, Creative, and Effective 31 The Management of Reactions to Visiting 33 The Recruitment and Retention of Foster Parents Who Will Be Involved in Visiting Services to Children’s Families 40 Summary 43 Chapter 3: LEADERSHIP IN ENHANCING VISITING SERVICES The Roles of the Children and Youth Administrator and Chief Juvenile Probation Officer 49 Possible Roles for Administrators in Achieving Innovation 50 Leadership for the Change Process 50 Leadership for Change: Internal Roles 51 Leadership for Change: External Roles 56 Summary 57 Chapter 4: ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES Change in Bureaucratic Organizations 63 Obstacles to Change 65 Implementing an Innovation 69 Assessing Agency Organizational Processes 70 Summary 74 Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 5 Chapter 5: COLLABORATION Defining Collaboration 79 Key Members of the Service Team 80 Primary Aspects of Collaboration in Permanency Planning 81 Guidelines for Successful Collaboration 82 The Team Leader: Crucial to Successful Collaboration 84 The Team Leader’s Responsibilities 86 Issues in Implementing Collaboration 87 Training for Collaboration in Permanency Planning Efforts 93 Summary 97 APPENDICES A: Key Elements for Success in Assessment and Goal Planning B: Sample Visit Plan Form, Visit Plans, and Visit Plan Calendars C: Sample Visit Report Form and Visit Report D: Sample Tools for Foster Parent Self-Assessment of Training Needs E: Results Based Management F. Figures 1, 2, & 3 G: Learning to Work Together: Stages of Team Development H: Ingredients for a Successful Team REFERENCES Bibliography Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 6 WHY IS VISITING IMPORTANT? Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 7 Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 8 Why is Visiting Important? KEY POINTS: • Become familiar with recent research on the impact of visitation while children are in placement • Become familiar with the impact of the Adoption and Safe Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 9 Visitation: Promoting Positive Visitation Practices for Children and Their Families Through Leadership, Teamwork, and Collaboration Page 10 Why is Visiting Important? The answer to the question “Why is visiting important?” is multi-faceted. First, research studies regarding the experiences of children in care and of placement outcomes have consistently found that visiting is associated with positive outcomes. Second, Pennsylvania counties that have initiated programs to increase visit frequency and enhance the relationship between visiting activities and the service goals have had positive outcomes in terms of placement costs. Finally, recent federal legislation has further emphasized the importance of moving quickly to determine and accomplish the permanency goals for children. Effective visiting services are central to such efforts. It is therefore, essential that agencies develop policies, programs, and practice approaches that promote and support frequent parent-child visiting. What Research Tells Us Over the past three decades, a growing body of research has soundly established several major findings related to visiting between children in care and their parents. Study findings indicate that frequent regular visiting: • enhances children’s emotional well-being and adjustment while in care, • improves parents’ positive feelings about the placement and decreases their worries about their children while they are in care, and • is strongly correlated with achieving the placement outcome of reunification, achieving other permanency planning outcomes (i.e. adoption, guardianship, or long-term foster care), and decreasing time in care. Research also indicates that a specific written plan for visits increases the likelihood that parents will visit. Although
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