5.4 South Coast System 5.4.1 Description

The South Coast System comprises three sub-regions, viz.

 The Upper South Coast, which extends from Amanzimtoti to the uMkhomazi River;  The Middle South Coast, which extends from the Mkomazi River to the Mtwalume River (just north of Hibberdene); and  The Lower South Coast, which extends from the Mtwalume River to the Mtamvuna River (Port Edward).

As shown in Figure 5.35, the Upper South Coast is located in eThekwini District Municipality, the Middle South Coast in the southern-most portion of eThekwini District Municipality and Umdoni Municipality, and the Lower South Coast in the southern-most portion of Umdoni Muncipality, Umzumbe Municipality and Hibiscus Coast Municipality.

The predominant land use within the eThekwini portion of the South Coast System is residential (existing residential is shown in pale yellow and rural residential is shown in pale orange) with the predominant proposed land use being residential as well (yellow). Within Ugu District Municipality, the “formal urban land use” (shown in grey) is the major land use along the coastal strip with rural settlements (shown in orange and the lighter shades of brown) occurring in the hinterland. Water consumption is therefore primarily for domestic and commercial use.

Ugu’s 2011 Spatial Development Framework identifies six industrial nodes viz. Margate Airport Industrial, Izotsha Industrial, Umzumbe Industrial, Umdoni Industrial, Park Rynie Industrial and Marburg Industrial which will further increase water consumption along the coastal strip.

It is shown that proposed developments are still positioned predominantly along the coastal strip with the common land use being residential. Existing and future RDP water needs (shown in turquoise) are located in the hinterland. It is shown that there is a large existing and future RDP demand in the vicinity of Mtwalume WTP and Umzinto WTP.

251

252 Figure 5.35 Developments and land use patterns in the South Coast System.

Umgeni Water currently only operates in the Upper and Middle South Coast sub-regions, and supplies bulk treated water to the southern parts of eThekwini Municipality and to the northern parts of Ugu District Municipality. Bulk water infrastructure is located primarily within the coastal strip, with some pipelines extending into adjacent rural areas, as shown in Figure 5.35 and Figure 5.35. The bulk infrastructure is either owned by Umgeni Water, eThekwini Municipality, Ugu District Municipality, or is privately owned by Sappi Saiccor. Figure 5.36 shows a schematic layout of the Middle South Coast Supply Network and is represented spatially in Figure 5.37.

In terms of water resources, the Upper and Middle South Coast sub-regions rely heavily on the Lower Mgeni System (Section 5.2.2), which is already stressed. Water from Inanda Dam is treated at Wiggins WTP and potable water is supplied via the South Coast Augmentation (SCA) Pipeline to the Amanzimtoti WTP.

Phase 1 of the SCA Pipeline was constructed by Umgeni Water in 1994 and transferred to eThekwini Municipality in 1997. The Phase 2 upgrade of the SCA pipeline was carried out by eThekwini Municipality in 2005. The SCA Pipeline is now wholly-owned and operated by eThekwini Municipality. Treated water is sold by Umgeni Water “at the fence” at Wiggins WTP, and there is a “buy-back” arrangement at Amanzimtoti WTP for the water required by Umgeni Water for the South Coast areas.

253

254 Figure 5.36 General layout of the South Coast System.

Figure 5.37 Schematic of the South Coast System (including Ugu District Municipality bulk 255 supply infrastructure).

256 Figure 5.38 Middle South Coast Region.

Amanzimtoti Water Treatment Plant The Amanzimtoti WTP (Figure 5.39) receives raw water from the Nungwane Dam (Figure 5.36) which has a firm yield of 9.04 Mℓ/day (at a 98% assurance of supply). The design capacity of the WTP is 22 Mℓ/day, which is far greater than the assured yield of the water resource. Potable water is also fed into the clear wells at the WTP from Wiggins WTP via the SCA Pipeline. The characteristics of this WTP are shown in Table 5.31.

Figure 5.39 Amanzimtoti Water Treatment Plant Potable water is gravity fed from Amanzimtoti WTP along the 800 mm diameter steel South Coast Pipeline Phase 1 (SCP-1) (Table 5.32) to the uMnini Pump Station (Table 5.33) from where the water is pumped to the 7.5 Mℓ Quarry Reservoir (Table 5.34). eThekwini Municipality has connection points off this section of the SCP-1.

From Quarry Reservoir, potable water is gravity fed along the 600 mm diameter steel SCP-1 (Table 5.32) and terminates at the off-take to Scottburgh South Reservoir. Ugu District Municipality intends to link a number of their reservoir supply zones to this section of the SCP-1. Scottburgh South Reservoir currently serves as a distribution reservoir supplying Scottburgh Central and Freeland Park reservoirs (via the Freeland Park Pump Station).

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Table 5.31 Characteristics of the Amanzimtoti WTP.

WTP Name: Amanzimtoti WTP System: South Coast System Maximum Design Capacity: 22 Mℓ/day Current Utilisation: 19.97 Mℓ/day Raw Water Storage Capacity: None Raw Water Supply Capacity: 100 Mℓ/day Pre-Oxidation Type: None Primary Water Pre-Treatment Chemical: Other Total Coagulant Dosing Capacity: Polymeric Coagulant Rapid Mixing Method: Flow Over Weir Clarifier Type: Circular Mechanical Scraper Clarifier Number of Clarifiers: 3 Total Area of all Clarifiers: 1186.5 m2 Total Capacity of Clarifiers: 11.5 Mℓ/day Filter Type: Other Number of Filters: 13 Filter Floor Type 211.25 m2 Total Filtration Area of all Filters 1.7 Mℓ/day Total Filtration Design Capacity of all Filters: 5 m3

Total Capacity of Backwash Water Tanks: 2000 kg/day of thin sludge Total Capacity of Sludge Treatment Plant: N/A Capacity of Used Washwater System: Primary Post Disinfection Type: Chlorine Gas Disinfection Dosing Capacity: 500 kg/hr Total Treated Water Storage Capacity: 24 Mℓ

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Craigieburn Water Treatment Plant The Craigieburn WTP (Figure 5.40) was decommissioned with the commissioning of the SCP-1 (IMP 2009). Currently the clear wells at Craigieburn WTP receive potable water off the SCP-1 upstream of the Quarry Reservoir. Potable water is then pumped to the Craigieburn Reservoir Complex. From the Craigieburn Reservoir Complex, potable water is pumped to the Midnite Café Reservoir, from where eThekwini Municipality sells the water to Ugu District Municipality. Potable water is also pumped from the Craigieburn Reservoir Complex, via the Willowglen Booster Pump Station, to Ugu District Municipality’s Amahlangwa and Kwa Cele Reservoirs (Figure 5.37). Table 5.45 shows the details of these pump stations.

The 250 mm diameter pipeline that links Amahlangwa and Nkonko reservoirs serves as an emergency supply pipeline between Craigieburn WTP and Umzinto WTP during below-average rainfall periods, and is currently used extensively (Figure 5.37).

Figure 5.40 Craigieburn Water Treatment Plant (decommissioned).

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Table 5.32 Pipeline details: South Coast System.

Nominal Length Capacity Age System Pipeline Name From To Diameter Material (km) (Mℓ/day) (years) (mm)

South Coast South Coast Pipeline Phase 1 Amanzimtoti WTP Quarry Reservoir 22.00 800 Steel 65.14** 4

South Coast South Coast Pipeline Phase 1 Quarry Reservoir Scottburgh South Reservoir Sales Meter 16.00 600 Steel 48.86* 4

South Coast South Coast Pipeline Phase 2a Park Rynie Reservoir Kelso Reservoir 4.50 600 Steel 37.0* 1

South Coast Ellingham – Umzinto Link Ellingham Reservoir Umzinto WTP 5.80 250 Steel 6.40** 2

South Coast Nungwane Raw Water Pipeline Nungwane Dam Amanzimtoti WTP 13.80 450 Steel 27.50* 35 * Capacity based on a velocity of 2 m/s ** Capacity based on a velocity of 1.5 m/s

Table 5.33 Pump details: Mnini Pump Station.

Number of Pumps Static Head Duty Head Duty Capacity System Pump Station Name Pump Description Supply From Supply To Number (m) (m) (Mℓ/day)

of Duty Number of Pumps Standby Pumps

South Coast Mnini 2 1 KSB Omega 250/600 Mnini Pump Station Quarry Reservoir 23 90 28.5

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Table 5.34 Reservoir details: Upper and Middle South Coast Sub-Systems.

Capacity TWL FL System Reservoir Site Reservoir Name Function (Mℓ) (aMSL) (aMSL)

South Coast Amanzimtoti WTP Amanzimtoti Reservoir 1 3.50 Balancing 131.8 128.8

South Coast Amanzimtoti WTP Amanzimtoti Reservoir 2 2.79 Balancing 131.8 128.8

South Coast Amanzimtoti WTP Amanzimtoti Reservoir 3 5.00 Balancing 131.8 125.11

South Coast Amanzimtoti WTP Amanzimtoti Reservoir 4 15.00 Balancing 132.1 125.11

South Coast Mgobhozini Mgobhozini Reservoir* 5.00 Distribution 182.2 176.625

South Coast Quarry Reservoir Quarry Reservoir 7.50 Balancing 155.0 148

South Coast Scottburgh Scottburgh South** 5.25 Distribution 102.3 98.45

South Coast Scottburgh Scottburgh Central** 2.71 Distribution 86.1 82.4

South Coast Scottburgh Freeland Park** 2.50 Terminal 86.4 81.65 * Reservoir owned and operated by eThekwini MM ** Reservoir owned and operated by Ugu DM

Table 5.35 Pump details: Upper and Middle South Coast Sub-Systems.

Number of Pumps Pump Station Static Head Duty Head Duty Capacity System Name Number of Number of Pump Description Supply From Supply To (m) (m) (Mℓ/day) Duty Pumps Standby Pumps Craigieburn Reservoir South Coast Craigieburn 2 1 KSB WKLn 80/4 Craigieburn WTP 192.9 220 2.18 Complex

South Coast Craigieburn 1 1 KSB WKLn 80/3 Craigieburn WTP Magabeni Res 1 & 2 150.3 192 0.71

South Coast Mgobhozini Reservoir and South Coast Mfume 1 1 KSB WKLn 125/4 98.0 120 6.00 Pipeline Phase 1 Amagcino Reservoir Scottburgh Central South Coast Freeland Park* 1 1 Freeland Park Reservoir 4.0 10 2.00 Reservoir * Pump Station owned and operated by Ugu DM

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Umzinto Water Treatment Plant The Umzinto WTP (Figure 5.41) receives its raw water from two sources. Water is either released into the Mzinto River from the Umzinto Dam, abstracted a few kilometres downstream through a sand-abstraction system at Esperanza and pumped to the WTP. Alternatively, raw water can be pumped to the WTP directly from the E.J. Smith Dam situated on the Mzimayi River (Figure 5.36).

The design capacity of the Umzinto WTP is 13.6 Mℓ/day, with provision for an upgrade, which will bring the total capacity to 18.2 Mℓ/day. The supply of treated water from the WTP is currently limited by the availability of raw water, viz. 10 Mℓ/day at a 98% assurance level. The dams and the Umzinto WTP are owned by Ugu District Municipality, but are operated by UW under a management contract. Treated water from the WTP is sold to Ugu District Municipality “at the fence” and they are responsible for distribution within the entire network from the Umzinto WTP. The characteristics of Umzinto WTP are shown in Table 5.36, the pump details in Table 5.37 and the reservoirs details in Table 5.38.

Figure 5.41 Umzinto Water Treatment Plant.

Umzinto Supply System The bulk supply system from the Umzinto WTP (Figure 5.36) is owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality, and Umgeni Water’s own operations and future augmentation plans are integrated into this system. Potable water is supplied from Umzinto WTP to Umzinto Heights Reservoir via the St Patrick’s Booster Pump Station. Similarly, potable water is supplied from Umzinto WTP to the Hazelwood and Nkonko reservoirs via the Nkonko Booster Pump Station, as well as to the Esperanza and Ifafa reservoirs via the Ifafa Booster Pump Station.

Potable water is gravity fed from the SCP-1 to the Ellingham Reservoir from where it is gravity fed to the Park Rynie Reservoir.

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The SCP-2A pipeline has been commissioned, potable water is gravity fed from the SCP-1 along the 600 mm diameter SCP-2A pipeline to the Cabana and Kelso reservoirs and on to Pennington Reservoir. Potable water is then pumped via the Pennington Pump Station to the Umdoni Reservoir.

The 200 mm diameter pipeline along Dolphin Drive in Pennington also supplies potable water to the Hilltops and Bazley reservoirs. The 200 mm diameter link between Bazley Reservoir and Elysium Reservoir, which is supplied from the Mtwalume WTP, is used to supplement the supply of Mtwalume WTP.

Table 5.36 Characteristics of the Umzinto WTP.

WTP Name: Umzinto WTP System: South Coast System Maximum Design Capacity: 12 Mℓ/day Current Utilisation: 9.59 Mℓ/day Raw Water Storage Capacity: N/A Raw Water Supply Capacity: 12.24 Mℓ/day

Pre-Oxidation Type: KMnO4 Primary Water Pre-Treatment Chemical: Polymeric Coagulant Total Coagulant Dosing Capacity: None Rapid Mixing Method: Conventional Paddle Flash Mixer Clarifier Type: Clari-Flocculator Number of Clarifiers: 3 Total Area of all Clarifiers: 387 m2 Total Capacity of Clarifiers: 14 Mℓ/dayat 1.5 m/hr upflow rate, 19 Mℓ/dayat 2 m/hr upflow rate Filter Type: Constant Rate Rapid Gravity Filters Number of Filters: 5 Filter Floor Type Monolithic Total Filtration Area of all Filters 127 m2 Total Filtration Design Capacity of all Filters: 12 at 3.9 m/hr filtration rate, 15 Mℓ/dayat 5 m/hr filtration rate Total Capacity of Backwash Water Tanks: Nil Total Capacity of Sludge Treatment Plant: Nil Capacity of Used Washwater System: Nil Primary Post Disinfection Type: Chlorine Gas

Disinfection Dosing Capacity: 12 kg Cl2/hr including the Stand-By Unit Disinfectant Storage Capacity: Total Treated Water Storage Capacity: 5 Mℓ

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Table 5.37 Pump details: Umzinto Supply System.

Number of Pumps Number Static Head Duty Head Duty Capacity Supply System Pump Station Name of Duty Number of Pump Description Supply From Supply To (m) (m) (Mℓ/day) Pumps Standby Pumps

Umzinto EJ Smith 4 1 KSB WKLn 65/3 E J Smith Dam Umzinto WTP 165.8 135 1.44

Umzinto Esperanza 2 1 KSB WKLn 80/3 Umzinto River Abstraction Umzinto WTP 155 210 1.44

Umzinto Heights Umzinto St Patricks* 1 1 Umzinto WTP 37.25 48 4.03 Res

Umzinto Nkonko* 1 1 Umzinto WTP Hazelwood Res 51.25 98 2.00

Umzinto Nkonko* 1 1 Umzinto WTP Nkonko Res 12.85 20 3.00

Umzinto Ifafa* 1 1 Umzinto WTP Esperanza Res 5.25 10 0.50

Umzinto Ifafa* 1 1 Umzinto WTP Ifafa Res 4.25 5.5 2.11

Umzinto Ellingham 1 1 KSB WKLn 125/4 Ellingham Reservoir Umzinto WTP 70.75 118 4.50 * Pump Station owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality

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Table 5.38 Reservoir details: Umzinto Supply System.

Supply Capacity TWL FL Reservoir Site Reservoir Name Function System (Mℓ) (aMSL) (aMSL)

Umzinto Umzinto WTP Umzinto Reservoir 1 0.90 Balancing 204.8 201.75

Umzinto Umzinto WTP Umzinto Reservoir 2 2.10 Balancing 204.8 201.75

Umzinto Umzinto WTP Umzinto Reservoir 3 2.00 Balancing 204.8 201.75

Umzinto Umzinto Umzinto Heights** 5.00 Terminal 242.0 237.3

Umzinto Umzinto Hazelwood** 0.68 Terminal 256.0 253.18

Umzinto Umzinto Nkonko** 5.00 Terminal 217.6 212.95

Umzinto Umzinto Esperanza** 0.30 Terminal 210.0 207.00

Umzinto Umzinto Ifafa** 1.00 Terminal 209.0 206.00

Umzinto Park Rynie Ellingham** 2.00 Distribution 134.0 129.30

Umzinto Park Rynie Park Rynie** 0.90 Terminal 68.6 65.84

Umzinto Park Rynie Cabana** 1.00 Terminal 86.0 82.00

Umzinto Kelso Kelso** 0.50 Terminal 80.8 77.77

Umzinto Pennington Pennington** 3.00 Distribution 93.0 89.30

Umzinto Pennington Umdoni** 1.00 Terminal 130.0 126.00

Umzinto Pennington Hilltops** 2.00 Terminal 86.0 83.00

Umzinto Pennington Bazley** 1.00 Terminal 76.0 72.45 ** Reservoir owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality

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Mtwalume Water Treatment Plant The Mtwalume WTP (Figure 5.42) receives its raw water from a sand abstraction system in the Mtwalume River. The design capacity of Mtwalume WTP has been upgraded from 4.5 Mℓ/day to 7.5 Mℓ/day. As with the Umzinto WTP, the Mtwalume WTP and bulk water supply infrastructure is owned by Ugu District Municipality with Umgeni Water operating the WTP under a management contract. Treated water is sold by Umgeni Water to Ugu District Municipality “at the fence”, and Ugu District Municipality is responsible for the entire distribution network within the Mtwalume Supply System. The characteristics of Mtwalume WTP are described in Table 5.39, the pump details for this sub-system in Table 5.40 and the reservoirs details in Table 5.41.

Figure 5.42 Mtwalume Water Treatment Plant.

Mtwalume Supply System It is important to take cognisance of the fact that the bulk supply system from the Mtwalume WTP is owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality (Figure 5.36), and hence Umgeni Water’s own operations and future augmentation plans are integrated into this system.

Potable water is supplied from Mtwalume WTP via the Mtwalume WTP Pump Station to the Qoloqolo, Ellysium and Mnafu reservoirs. Potable water is then gravity fed from the Mnafu Reservoir to the Mathulini Reservoir.

Potable water is gravity fed from the Elysium Reservoir to the Mtwalume Reservoir and then the water is pumped via the Mtwalume Pump Station to the Koelwaters Reservoir.

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Table 5.39 Characteristics of the Mtwalume WTP.

WTP Name: Mtwalume WTP System: Mtwalume WTP Supply System Maximum Design Capacity: 7.5 Mℓ/day Current Utilisation: 9.02 Mℓ/day Raw Water Storage Capacity: 0.11Mℓ/day Raw Water Supply Capacity: 8.4 Mℓ/day Pre-Oxidation Type: Prechlorination Primary Water Pre-Treatment Chemical: Polymeric Coagulant Total Coagulant Dosing Capacity: Other Rapid Mixing Method: Conventional Paddle Flash Mixer Clarifier Type: Dortmund Type Clarifier Number of Clarifiers: 3 Total Area of all Clarifiers: 324 m2 Total Capacity of Clarifiers: 16 at Rise Rate of 2m/hr Filter Type: Constant Rate Rapid Gravity Filters Number of Filters: 3 Total Filtration Area of all Filters 72 m2 Total Filtration Design Capacity of all Filters: 15.552 Mℓ/day Primary Post Disinfection Type: Chlorine Gas

Disinfection Dosing Capacity: 8 kg Cl2/hr Total Treated Water Storage Capacity: 9 Mℓ

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Table 5.40 Pump details: Mtwalume Supply System.

Number of Pumps

Supply Pump Station Number Number of Static Head Duty Head Duty Capacity System Name of Duty Standby Pump Description Supply From Supply To (m) (m) (Mℓ/day) Pumps Pumps

Mtwalume Mtwalume WTP 2 1 KSB ETA New 125-315 Mtwalume River Abstraction Mtwalume WTP 112.0 125 15.55

Mtwalume Mtwalume WTP 1 1 KSB WKLn 80/3 Mtwalume WTP Mnafu Reservoir 140.5 220 2.50

Mtwalume Mtwalume WTP 1 1 KSB MIC 50/7A Mtwalume WTP Qoloqolo Reservoir 180.0 250 0.56

Mtwalume Mtwalume WTP 3 1 KSB WKLn 125/3 Na Mtwalume WTP Ellysium Reservoir 81.00 100 4.80

Mtwalume Mtwalume* 1 1 Mtwalume Reservoir Koelwaters Reservoir 18.75 30 0.80 * Pump Station owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality

Table 5.41 Reservoir details: Mtwalume Supply System.

Capacity TWL FL Supply System Reservoir Site Reservoir Name Function (Mℓ) (aMSL) (aMSL)

Mtwalume Mtwalume WTP Mtwalume WTP Reservoir 0.45 Balancing 22.5 19.00

Mtwalume Ellysium Ellysium** 5.50 Distribution 103.5 100.69

Mtwalume Mtwalume Mtwalume** 0.25 Distribution 85.3 82.50

Mtwalume Mtwalume Koelwaters** 1.00 Terminal 104.0 101.00

Mtwalume Mnafu Mnafu** 3.00 Distribution 163.0 160.00

Mtwalume Mathulini Mathulini** 0.50 Terminal 112.5 109.50

Mtwalume Qoloqolo Qoloqolo** 0.50 Terminal 202.5 199.50 ** Reservoir owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality

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Lower South Coast Sub-Region The Lower South Coast sub-region is supplied with bulk treated water from the Bhobhoyi WTP (current 54 Mℓ/day with a planned increase in capacity to 81Mℓ/day), located 8 km inland of Port Shepstone and from the Mtamvuna WTP (20 Mℓ/day), located 25km inland of Port Edward. The Bhobhoyi and Mtamvuna WTPs receive water from the Mzimkhulu and Mtamvuna rivers respectively (Section 4.4.9). Both WTPs are owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality. In addition there are a number of smaller WTPs in the area, such as those supplying Harding and Dududu. Umgeni Water does not operate any WTPs in the Lower South Coast area.

5.4.2 Status Quo and Limitations

Figure 5.49 illustrates, schematically, the South Coast System in its current configuration and the current demands being placed on the network. This schematic should be referred to when reading this Section.

The SCP-1 starts at Amanzimtoti WTP and terminates at the off-take to the Scottburgh South Reservoir. It serves as the primary conduit for the distribution of bulk treated water for a significant portion of the Upper and Middle South Coast sub-regions. Fifteen metered off-takes have been installed along the SCP-1, twelve for eThekwini Municipality and three for Ugu District Municipality for reservoirs to be supplied from these off-take points). Umgeni Water owns the SCP-1, and is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the pipeline, pump stations and reservoirs. The construction of link pipelines from the metered off-takes on the SCP-1 to the bulk distribution reservoirs is the responsibility of the relevant WSAs, and the up-take of water from the SCP-1 will be dependent on the timing of such linkages and consumer demands.

Table 5.42 shows the reservoirs within the different sub-systems that will be supplied off the SCP-1 that will be used either partially or wholly for reticulation purposes. Within the Amanzimtoti Sub-System, a number of reservoirs will continue to be supplied directly off the SCA Pipeline and the Amanzimtoti WTP.

Sappi Saiccor abstracts water directly from the Mkomazi River for use at their plant. They plan to construct the Ngwadini Dam, an off-channel storage dam, to provide them with an assured supply of water during the dry winter months. However, due to the extremely low flows experienced in the Mkomazi River during the winter months of 2010 and the fact that the Ngwadini Dam has yet to be constructed, Sappi Saiccor have obtained an off-take from the SCP-1 to be used as an interim supply. This off-take was agreed to, based on a number of conditions, including that they can only draw the balance of water in the pipeline after the demands of eThekwini and Ugu municipalities had been satisfied, and that this balance would decrease over time as new off-takes were added to the SCP-1 and these demands grew. This balance was estimated at 20 Mℓ/day initially, which could increase to 30 Mℓ/day once the SCA Booster Pump Station was commissioned. The off-take was installed a short distance upstream of Quarry Reservoir and Sappi Saiccor began drawing water from the SCP-1 in September 2010.

At a macro level, the main issue that needs to be addressed is the continued reliance on the already stressed Lower Mgeni System as the primary water source for this region. This supply originates from Inanda Dam via the Wiggins WTP along the SCA Pipeline to the Amanzimtoti WTP.

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Table 5.42 Reservoirs to be supplied off the South Coast Pipeline Phase 1

Sub-System Reservoirs that will be Supplied Status of connection

Amanzimtoti Almond Road Design stage Lower Illovu 2 Will be supplied from Amanzimtoti WTP Lower Illovu 1 Will be supplied from Amanzimtoti WTP Panorama Park Design stage Mgobhozini (with two off-takes, one for Ugu District Operational Municipality and one for eThekwini Municipality) Amagcino Operational Sappi Saiccor (on an interim basis only) Operational on an interim basis Craigieburn Umnini Operational Magabeni 1 Design stage Magabeni 2 Design stage Craigieburn (this reservoir will be supplied via the Construction Singh’s off-take point) Singh’s Construction Umkomaas (using the same off-take point as Singh’s) Operational Clansthal 1 Design stage Clansthal 2 Design stage Umzinto Freeland Park Design stage Scottburgh South Operational Park Rynie Feasibility stage Mtwalume None

Currently, only 60 Mℓ/day is available for all the demand nodes along the SCA Pipeline, due to the constraints of the existing Umlazi Pump Station. This limits the inflow to Amanzimtoti WTP to 23 Mℓ/day. However, eThekwini Municipality has implemented a control system on their reservoirs to ensure a sustainable supply of 30 Mℓ/day to Amanzimtoti WTP. It has also been noted that, during high demand periods, the current demand at Amanzimtoti WTP can peak at 74 Mℓ/day. Umgeni Water have commissioned a new in-line booster pump station along the SCA Pipeline to increase the flow rate so as to sustain the projected demands. The SCA Pipeline is expected to reach its design capacity of 97 Mℓ/day, due to increasing demands, by 2020. At this stage no more than 65 Mℓ/day will be available at the Amanzimtoti WTP to supply areas downstream of it. This volume is based on the increased capacity of the line that will be achieved once the booster pump station is operational.

In 2011, the SCA Pipeline augmented the South Coast Supply System by 31.37 Mℓ/day as the draw-off from the Nungwane Dam yielded 19.97 Mℓ/day to sustain an AADD of 51.97 Mℓ/day. Augmentation from Wiggins WTP via the SCA Pipeline is expected to increase to 38 Mℓ/day by June 2013. At present, supply has to be curtailed to reservoirs fed directly off the SCA Pipeline. This ensures that sufficient water is available to supply the demands that are required from the Amanzimtoti WTP.

The Amanzimtoti WTP, with a design capacity of 22 Mℓ/day, will need to continue to operate together with the SCA Pipeline until a long-term solution is in place. Its operating level is constrained by the yield of the Nungwane Dam and the connecting raw water pipeline. The 98% assured yield from Nungwane Dam is 9.04 Mℓ/day and it is not practical or economically feasible to raise the dam wall to increase the yield from this source. The 14.7 km raw water gravity main from the dam to Amanzimtoti WTP has a nominal capacity of 20 Mℓ/day. This pipeline is in a poor condition due to corrosive action from sulphur-reducing bacteria and the wall thickness has been reduced in places resulting in occasional pipe bursts.

270

An analysis of historical production for the Amanzimtoti WTP (December 2011 to November 2012) is presented in Figure 5.43 and shows that the demand far exceeds the design capacity of the WTP. This proves the need for supply to be supplemented via the SCA Pipeline.

Sappi Saiccor’s six month average from May 2012 to October 2012 was 1.9 Mℓ/day from their off- take point (Figure 5.43) to augment the supply from their WTP. The draw-off at Sappi Saiccor’s off- take point varies on a daily basis as their need changes. This scenario does affect the overall supply of the Amanzimtoti supply system causing rapid fluctuations of Quarry Reservoir due to a varying inflow-rate. However, this draw-off by Sappi Saiccor is only an interim arrangement estimated to continue only in the dry season over the next three years.

120

100

80

60

40

Sales Sales Volume (Mℓ/day) 20

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Probability p occurrence (%) Design capacity

Figure 5.43 Analysis of historical production at Amanzimtoti WTP (December 2011 to November 2012). The Amanzimtoti WTP is considered as both a WTP and a bulk distribution node for the Upper and Middle South Coast sub-regions. For this reason, an additional 15 Mℓ storage reservoir was recently constructed as part of the SCP-1.

The treatment facility at Craigieburn WTP has been decommissioned and supply to this demand node is now off the SCP-1. The average daily demand, as at November 2012, was 8.56 Mℓ/day. This demand zone currently has a year-on-year growth rate of 8.4%, partly due to the drought relief supply to the Umzinto WTP supply area. eThekwini Municipality is in the process of installing an off-take on the SCP-1 downstream of Quarry Reservoir (Singh’s Off-Take Link) to supply the Craigieburn area (Figure 5.38). When this off-take is commissioned, it will allow the Craigieburn WTP to be completely decommissioned.

Umzinto WTP has experienced significant changes in its year-on-year growth rate in demand over the past four years, reaching its lowest level in July 2006 (-26%). The growth rate from November 2011 to October 2012 was in excess of 14 %. This was attributed to the Middle South Coast Sub- Region experiencing very high rainfall. The wet weather conditions throughout the area had a major impact on the storage levels of the Umzinto and the E J Smith dams.

271

The 12-month moving average of sales from the Umzinto WTP increased from 9.23 Mℓ/day September 2011 to 10.3 Mℓ/day in August 2012 (Figure 5.44).

Figure 5.44 Water demand from Umzinto WTP.

16 14

12

10

8 6

4 Sales Sales Volume (Mℓ/day) 2

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Probability

p occurrence (%) Design capacity

Figure 5.45 Analysis of historical production at Umzinto WTP (December 2011 to November 2012). An analysis of daily historical production of the Umzinto WTP (December 2011 to November 2012) is presented in Figure 5.45, and shows that for 82% of the time the WTP was being operated above the

272 optimal operating capacity (80% of design capacity) and for 13% of the time the WTP was operated at above design capacity.

The previous year Umzinto WTP was operating above the optimal operating capacity for 36% of the time and 1.4% of the time above the design capacity. This indicates that the WTP is operating at full capacity all the time, which is not sound operating practice as it leaves very little opportunity for scheduled maintenance on the filters and auxiliary equipment.

Phase 2a of the South Coast Pipeline (SCP-2a) has been implemented (Figure 5.46), which relieves the demand off Umzinto WTP by approximately 4.5 Mℓ/day. This allows the relieved capacity to be utilised for growth further inland.

Figure 5.46 Augmentation of Umzinto WTP from the SCP-1.

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In addition, Umgeni Water completed the Umzinto Link of the “emergency” supply system (a combination of the Ellingham Link and Umzinto Link) from Scottburgh South Reservoir, via Ellingham Reservoir, to Umzinto WTP. This mitigates the risk of non-supply during dry periods and to meet future increases in water demand from the Umzinto WTP. This project provides an additional 4.5Mℓ/day to augment the supply from the Umzinto WTP (Figure 5.46).

There has been a significant increase in the demand in the area immediately south of Mtwalume, under the jurisdiction of Ugu District Municipality (Figure 5.47). This has placed excessive stress on the Mtwalume WTP and subsequently on the Umzinto WTP, which supplements the Mtwalume WTP via the pipeline linking the Bazley Reservoir to the Elysium Reservoir supply zone.

The 1:20 run-of-river yield of the Mtwalume River at the abstraction point is 13 Mℓ/day. This exceeds the treatment capacity of the WTP. Ugu District Municipality upgraded the Mtwalume WTP in 2009 from 4.5 Mℓ/day to a design capacity of 7.5 Mℓ/day. The year-on-year growth rate demand in March 2011 was 12.91% and decreased to -3.9% in October 2012 due to the limitation of the capacity of the WTP.

Figure 5.47 Water demand from Mtwalume WTP.

Water demands are still expected to increase by approximately 40% per annum over the next 24 months due to anticipated rapid rural development in the Mnafu and Mathulini areas. However, the maximum that can be supplied from Mtwalume WTP is 9.5 Mℓ/day and the growth will have to be curtailed to the availability of water resources until further resources are developed or until some of these demands can be shifted to a different resource.

An analysis of the daily historical production of the Mtwalume WTP (November 2011 to October 2012), against the upgraded capacity is presented in Figure 5.48. It shows that for 97% of the time the WTP was operated above the optimal operating capacity (80% of design capacity) and

274 for 95% of the time the WTP was operated at above design capacity. The previous year Mtwalume WTP was operating above the optimal operating capacity for 97% of the time and 94% of the time above the design capacity. This indicates that the WTP is operating at full capacity all the time, which is not sound operating practice as it leaves very little opportunity for scheduled maintenance on the filters and auxiliary equipment.

The increase in demand of the Mtwalume WTP Supply System results in the existing infrastructure having to be operated at its maximum capacity. Hydraulic analyses indicate the following:

 The pump sets supplying Mnafu Reservoir are running inefficiently to the right of their curve. This is due to the 225 mm diameter pipeline operating at a velocity of 1.96 m/s, resulting in high friction losses and subsequently a high system resistance.  Both pumps supplying the Mnafu Reservoir have to be operated to meet the current demand. This is not good operating practice as there is no standby capacity.  The total storage capacity of Mathulini Reservoir is currently 7 hours and is inadequate to meet the current demand. This places strain on the supply pipe from Mnafu Reservoir to maintain the level of Mathulini Reservoir.

12

10 8 6 4 2

Sales Volume (Mℓ/day) Volume Sales 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Probability

p occurrence (%) Design capacity

Figure 5.48 Analysis of historical production at Mtwalume WTP (December 2011 to November 2012).

This system has to be viewed holistically as the inadequacy of one section of the infrastructure places strain on upstream sections. The limited capacity of the Mtwalume WTP Supply System means that both current and future demands cannot be supplied. Recommendations on how this situation will be addressed are discussed in the following Section.

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5.4.3 Recommendations Figure 5.49, Figure 5.50, Figure 5.51, Figure 5.52, Figure 5.55 and Figure 5.54 depict the system as at November 2012 and the potential for growth in the South Coast System over the next five, ten, twenty and thirty years respectively. Also shown in these figures is the configuration of the system that is planned to supply this demand. This section provides the details of how each subsystem will be affected by the growth in demand over the next thirty years and how the configuration of the system will have to be altered, and projects implemented, to supply the demand.

The strategic development plan for the Upper and Middle South Coast regions is presented below. This plan utilises the available resources from the Lower Mgeni, Nungwane, Mkomazi, Mzimayi, Mzinto and Mtwalume systems in the most sustainable and cost effective manner.

 The commissioning of the SCP-1 has caused a stepped-increase in the demand to be supplied from Wiggins WTP via the SCA Pipeline. Water from the SCA Pipeline is expected to be available at the Amanzimoti WTP, in ever reducing amounts, until 2020. Therefore, the Amanzimtoti WTP will need to remain operational in the short to medium-term. This is further exacerbated with the addition of the Ellingham Link to supplement the Umzinto WTP.  Complete the construction and commissioning of the SCA Booster Pump Station to ensure that the maximum capacity is achievable through the SCA Pipeline (Section 7.6.1).  Rehabilitation and/or replacement of the pipeline from Nungwane Dam to the Amanzimtoti WTP will need to be undertaken (Section 7.6.2).  The medium to long-term strategy is to develop a regional bulk water supply scheme in the Hull Valley area close to Sappi Saiccor. This scheme will receive raw water from the Lower Mkomazi River (Section 4.4.6) for treatment and distribution into the SCP. Potable water would be fed northwards to the Upper South Coast region and Amanzimtoti, and southwards to the Middle South Coast region. This would then allow the Amanzimtoti and Craigieburn WTPs to be fully decommissioned.  The South Coast Pipeline is being extended southwards in two phases. The South Coast Pipeline Phase 2a project (SCP-2a) has been implemented and runs between Park Rynie and Kelso (Figure 5.38). This project provides some relief for the Umzinto and Mtwalume WTPs (Section 7.6.3). Some of their demands will be picked up by the SCP-1 from Amanzimtoti.  The South Coast Pipeline Phase 2b (SCP-2b) project will tie into the end of SCP-2a and will complete the section between the Scottburgh South Reservoir off-take and the Park Rynie off-take. This project will ultimately link to the Ugu District Municipality supply system from the Bhobhoyi WTP (near Port Shepstone) to add a measure of flexibility and a contingency for drought situations in either system (Figure 5.38). The timing of SCP-2b is dependent on the development of the regional BWS on the Lower Mkomazi River.  Quarry Reservoir will need to be upgraded in line with the increased demands off the SCP.  Once the SCP-2 has been commissioned in its entirety, then the Mtwalume WTP can be decommissioned.  The Umzinto WTP will continue to supply potable water to communities in the adjacent inland areas of Ugu District Municipality.  The Umzinto Dam has been designed to be raised. Raising the full supply level of Umzinto Dam to increase its firm yield could possibly provide a short-term local solution.

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Figure 5.49 Demand on the South Coast System as at November 2012.

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Figure 5.50 Five year demand projection for the South Coast System.

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Figure 5.51 Ten year demand projection for the South Coast System.

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Figure 5.52 Fifteen year demand projection for the South Coast System.

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Figure 5.53 Twenty year demand and projection for the South Coast System

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Figure 5.54 Thirty year demand projection for the South Coast System.

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 Mhlabatshane Phase 2: Construct an abstraction works on the Mzimkulu River using the existing WTP and associated infrastructure. The supply area stretches about 70km from the Command Reservoir to KwaMadlala, near Umtentweni. The WTP would be constructed to initially serve 4 Mℓ/day and, when demands dictate, it would be upgraded to 8 Mℓ/day.  Develop a desalination plant near the mouth of the Lovu River to link into the SCP as a long- term strategy that would be implemented as and when demands are predicted to exceed supply from the other systems.

South Coast Pipeline Phase 2b The South Coast Pipeline (SCP) Project was initiated to extend the supply of water to the South Coast Region. The project is implemented in a phased approach, with Phase 1 and Phase 2a completed.

The South Coast Phase 2b (SCP-2b) consists of a 600mm diameter pipeline and forms two parts extending southwards with an approximate length of 6km in total. The proposed pipeline route runs parallel to the N2 highway, deviating from sensitive drainage areas and vegetation where possible. The first section of SCP-2b will tie into the SCP-2a and lies between Scottburgh South and Park Rynie. The remainder of the SC-2b pipeline continues from Kelso off-take to Umdoni Reservoir.

The remainder of the South Coast Pipeline will ultimately be extended from Umdoni to Hibberdene once the Lower uMkomazi Bulk Water Scheme is in place. The SCP will finally integrate with the Bhobhoyi WTP (near Port Shepstone) Supply Scheme in the vicinity of Hibberdene. The integration of the two schemes will provide a measure of operational flexibility. It will serve as a contingency for drought situations in either system. The Lower Mkomazi scheme will provide an assured supply of water to the area without being reliant on the Lower Mgeni System.

Singh’s Off-Take Link The installation of this link by eThekwini Municipality can assist in relieving a portion of the demand off of the Umzinto WTP. The infrastructure required for this project comprises the implementation of a new pump station at the off-take point from the SCP-1. This will feed potable water along a new 400 mm diameter steel pipeline to the existing Craigieburn Reservoir Complex. The Singh’s Reservoir will be supplied from an off-take point along this new pipeline as shown in Figure 5.46.

Potable water can then be gravity-fed along the existing 200 mm diameter Asbestos Cement (AC) pipeline to the Midnite Café and the Willowglen pump stations. The Midnite Café Pump Station supplies the Midnite Café Reservoir along a 100 mm diameter AC pipeline. The Willowglen Pump Station supplies the KwaCele and Amahlongwa reservoirs along a 150 mm diameter AC Pipeline and, during emergencies, supplies the Nkonko and Hazelwood reservoirs.

The supply via the Willowglen Pump Station can support the Umzinto WTP by 3.5 Mℓ/day depending on the level of the Craigieburn Reservoir Complex. The implementation of this project will ensure a sustainable supply of water to maintain the Craigieburn Reservoir at acceptable levels.

Mhlabatshane Bulk Water Supply Scheme Umgeni Water is currently implementing a bulk water supply scheme as part of a larger regional scheme development by Ugu District Municipality. This scheme is aimed at reducing water services backlogs in certain rural areas in the Umzumbe and Hibiscus Coast Local Municipalities.

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This scheme is situated within the Lower South Coast Sub-Region. Ugu District Municipality is responsible for the reticulation component of the scheme which, in its entirety, is planned to serve an estimated 101 000 people (about 15 300 households). Of this about half are currently classified as having a ‘water service backlog’.

The scope of this project in terms of Umgeni Water’s involvement relates only to the bulk water supply components of the Mhlabatshane Bulk Water Supply Scheme, viz.:

 Dam construction completed in March 2012 (29.9 m high composite central concrete spillway and earth embankment dam with a storage of 1.5 million m3);  Raw water pump station and a rising main pipeline (1000m length) to an intermediate reservoir completed in August 2011;  Raw water intermediate/booster pump station and rising main pipeline (2900m length) completed in August 2011;  Water Treatment Plant (initial capacity 4Mℓ/day), currently under construction and to be completed in April 2014;  Potable water pump station and rising main (700m length) to a command reservoir (2Mℓ);  Gravity potable water pipeline (3600m length) to supply the Ndwebu area. 

Figure 5.55 Mhlabatshane Dam

Raw water will be pumped from the dam (Figure 5.55) to Phungashe WTP situated in close proximity to a command reservoir (Table 5.43). Potable water will be pumped from the WTP to the reservoir. Potable water will then be sold to Ugu District Municipality from the command reservoir for reticulation through an extensive gravity-fed network to the various communities in the area. Some of the reticulation components currently exist as stand-alone schemes, with the remainder in the process of being constructed.

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Table 5.43 Reservoir details: Mhlabathshane Bulk Water Supply Scheme.

Capacity TWL FL Supply System Reservoir Site Reservoir Name Function (Mℓ) (aMSL) (aMSL)

Mhlabathshane Balancing & Bulk Water Mhlabatshane Mhlabatshane 0.5 22.5 19 Distribution Supply Scheme This Reservoir is owned and operated by Ugu District Municipality

Mhlabatshane Bulk Water Supply Scheme Phase 2 A pre-feasibility study has been carried out to determine the options for augmenting the raw water system of the Mhlabatshane Bulk Water Supply Scheme using an abstraction on the Mzimkulu River. This augmentation will be necessary when future demands increase to a level where raw water supply constraints would be experienced at the Water Works.

This 8Mℓ/day system would consist of an abstraction and desilting works on the Mzimkulu River and a 400mm diameter rising main. A desktop study is being undertaken to identify and confirm a feasible weir position on the Mzimkulu River as this will have a distinct influence on the pipeline routes and pumping required. This system will tie-in to the newly constructed Phungashe Water Treatment Plant.

An additional clear water pump station will be required to pump the water from the WTW to the Bulk Water Reservoir. With this system there will be a need for careful operation of the dam, such that storage is not depleted before the onset of low flow periods in the Mzimkhulu River, where pumping directly from the river is not possible.

To optimize the use of the dam and the lower pumping head, the operating rules will be such that water will only be pumped from the Mzimkhulu River once the dam level has dropped below 75% storage. The dam will then recharge from flows in the Mhlabatshane River, while water from the Mzimkhulu River supplies the scheme.

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