Firewalls and Vpns
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Your Performance Task Summary Explanation
Lab Report: 13.3.4 Configure Remote Wipe Your Performance Your Score: 0 of 1 (0%) Pass Status: Not Passed Elapsed Time: 17 seconds Required Score: 100% Task Summary Actions you were required to perform: In Remotely wipe Maggie's iPad Explanation In this lab, your task is to assist Maggie with a remote wipe as follows: Log in to icloud.com using the following credentials: Apple ID: [email protected] Password: maggieB123 Using Find iPhone, select her iPad and erase it. Enter a phone number and message to be displayed on the iPad. Complete this lab as follows: 1. In the URL field in Chrome, enter icloud.com and press Enter. 2. Maximize the window for easier viewing. 3. In the Sign in to iCloud field, enter [email protected] and press Enter. 4. Enter maggieB123 and press Enter. 5. Select Find iPhone. 6. Select All Devices. 7. Select Maggie's iPad. 8. Select Erase iPad. 9. Select Erase. 10. In the Enter AppleID to continue field, enter [email protected] and press Enter. 11. Enter maggieB123 and press Enter. 12. In the Number field, enter a phone number of your choosing to be displayed on the iPad. 13. Click Next. 14. Enter a message of your choosing to be displayed on the iPad. 15. Click Done. 16. Click OK. Lab Report: 13.3.6 Require a Screen Saver Password Your Performance Your Score: 0 of 3 (0%) Pass Status: Not Passed Elapsed Time: 8 seconds Required Score: 100% Task Summary Actions you were required to perform: In Enable the screen saver In Enable the screen saver after 10 minutes In Show the logon screen when the computer wakes Explanation In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Enable the screen saver (you choose the screen saver type to use). -
Ipv4 WAN (Internet) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Configuration on RV120W and RV220W
IPv4 WAN (Internet) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Configuration on RV120W and RV220W Objectives Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) establishes a Virtual Private Network (VPN) that allows remote hosts to connect to one another through a secure tunnel. It does not provide any encryption or confidentiality by itself but relies on an encryption protocol that it passes within the tunnel to provide privacy. One of its biggest advantages is that it encrypts the authentication process which makes it more difficult for someone to "listen in" on your transmission to intercept and crack the data. L2TP does not only provide confidentiality but also data integrity. Data integrity is protection against modification of date between the time it left the sender and the time it reached the recipient. This document explains how to configure the IPv4 WAN (Internet) for use with Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) on the RV120W and RV220W. Applicable Devices • RV120W • RV220W Software Version • v1.0.4.17 IPv4 WAN (Internet) L2TP Configuration Step 1. Log in to the web configuration utility and choose Networking > WAN (Internet) > IPv4 WAN(Internet). The IPv4 WAN (Internet) page opens: Step 2. Choose L2TP from the Internet Connection Type drop-down list. Step 3. Enter the username provided from ISP in the User Name field. Step 4. Enter the password provided from ISP in the password field. Step 5. (Optional) Enter the secret pass phrase if provided by the ISP in the Secret field. Step 6. Click the desired radio button for the Connection Type: • Keep Connected — This keeps the device connected to the network for all the time. -
Application Note
Remote Access Serial Communications - Serial Server RFL eXmux 3500® IP Access Multiplexer The RFL eXmux 3500 is a hardened IP Access Multiplexer engineered for mission critical infrastructures that seamlessly transport voice, serial, video and Ethernet data communications over Ethernet/IP or MPLS networks. The eXmux 3500 is a Layer 2 device with an integrated managed Ethernet switch which allows the eXmux 3500 to be used either in a private network with other eXmux 3500’s or as part of a larger Ethernet/IP/MPLS network. Both fiber (using SFPs) and RJ-45 connections are available for the eXmux 3500; uplink speeds of up to a Gigabit are possible. This application note illustrates the eXmux-3500 IP access multiplexer basic remote access communications with remote devices that has serial (RS232, DB9) interface functionality using the Serial Server IU as depicted in Figure 1 below. LAN 1 LAN 2 PC-1 PC-2 IP Address=10.10.12.100 Remote Access Using Serial Server IP Address=10.10.11.100 ethernet ethernet Ethernet/IP Network P1 P5 P5 P1 SSrv Port 1 eXmux 3500-1 eXmux 3500-2 SSrv Port 2 IP address=10.10.12.12 IP Address=10.10.11.12 RS-232 comm port RS-232 comm port Figure 1…Remote Access Communication Topology Serial Server IU Implementation The Serial Server (SSrv) is an IP-based interface unit (IU) of the eXmux 3500 that supports remote communications to a serial device connected either RS-232 or RS-485/4W using either standard Telnet (Unsecured) or SSH (Secure Shell - Tunneling) IP applications. -
GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) Processing
TECHNOLOGY BRIEF GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) Processing GPRS Tunneling Protocol or GTP for short is a mechanism used exclusively in cellular SUMMARY networks to tunnel IP packets through a mobile network core. The protocol was Comprehensive discussion of GTP introduced in the late 1990s when the first generation of packetized data—known protocol and how an Accolade as General Packet Radio Services or GPRS—was adopted. GPRS is often referred to adapter can help with GTP as 2.5G because it runs over GSM (2nd Generation or 2G mobile technology). GTP deduplication has moved on from those humble beginnings and is used in an updated form in KEY POINTS both 4G (LTE) and emerging 5G cellular networks. The main benefit of GTP is that • GTP is used exclusively in mobile a user’s IP address can be decoupled from routing and related decisions within networks a mobile network core. This is what allows a cellular customer to move around • Accolade ANIC adapters can fully from base station to base station and still maintain uninterrupted connectivity parse GTP packets and offer to external networks such as the Internet. It also allows for multiple services such value added capabilities such as as VoLTE (Voice over LTE) to be provisioned on the same device. In short, GTP is a deduplication crucial tunneling protocol that is indispenable in all modern mobile networks. HOW IT WORKS Figure 1 depicts a mobile phone (referred to as “user equipment” or “UE” in the industry) accessing an Internet web server with IP address 74.125.71.104. The phone or UE is initially connected to base station #1 (referred to as an eNodeB or “eNB” in LTE) and generates a simple IP packet to access the web server. -
Final Report
Augment Spoofer Project to Improve Remediation Efforts (ASPIRE) Final Report Dr. Kimberly Claffy and Dr. Matthew Luckie September 21, 2020 Table of Contents A Executive Summary 2 B Problem: Long-standing vulnerability that threatens U.S. critical infrastructure 3 C Technical Approach 3 D Development Deliverables 6 D.1 Extend visibility capabilities to infrastructure behindNATs............. 6 D.2 SupportforAS-levelopt-innotificationsystem . ............ 7 D.3 Automated monthly reports to regional operator mailing lists............ 7 D.4 Maintainspooferoperations . ...... 8 E Analysis of Remediation Efforts 10 E.1 Impactofprivatenotificationsonremediation . ............ 10 E.2 Impact of public (“name-and-shame”) notifications . ............. 10 F Technology Transition and Commercialization 12 F.1 Commercializationopportunities . ......... 12 F.2 Expansiontoothermeasurementplatforms . ......... 12 G Overcoming misaligned incentives to deploy SAV 12 G.1 Impactofexogenousinterventions . ........ 13 G.2 Liability,insurance,andindustrystandards . ............. 13 G.3 Regulatingtransparency . ..... 14 G.4 Regulatinggovernmentprocurement . ........ 14 G.5 Stickydefaults: vendorSAVresponsibility . ............ 15 H Deliverables 17 A Executive Summary 1. Performer: University of California, San Diego (UCSD) & University of Waikato, NZ 2. Award: DHS S&T contract 140D7018C0010. 3. Period of Performance: 1 Sept 2018 - 19 Sept 2020. Despite source IP address spoofing being a known vulnerability – arguably the greatest archi- tectural vulnerability in the TCP/IP protocol suite as designed – for close to 30 years, and despite many efforts to shed light on the problem, spoofing remains a viable attack method for redirection, amplification, and anonymity. While some application-layer patches can mitigate these attacks, attackers continuously search for new vectors. To defeat DDoS attacks requires operators to en- sure their networks filter packets with spoofed source IP addresses, a best current practice (BCP) known as source address validation (SAV). -
EDS3000 Device Server Command Reference EDS3008/16/32PR EDS3008/16PS
EDS3000 Device Server Command Reference EDS3008/16/32PR EDS3008/16PS Part Number PMD-00014 Revision B December 2020 Intellectual Property © 2021 Lantronix, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this publication may be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Lantronix. Lantronix is a registered trademark of Lantronix, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Patented: http://patents.lantronix.com; additional patents pending. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Wi-Fi is registered trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance Corporation. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective holders. Warranty For details on the Lantronix warranty policy, please go to our web site at www.lantronix.com/support/warranty. Contacts Lantronix, Inc. 7535 Irvine Center Drive Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92618, USA Toll Free: 800-526-8766 Phone: 949-453-3990 Fax: 949-453-3995 Technical Support Online: www.lantronix.com/support Sales Offices For a current list of our domestic and international sales offices, go to the Lantronix web site at www.lantronix.com/about/contact. Disclaimer All information contained herein is provided “AS IS.” Lantronix undertakes no obligation to update the information in this publication. Lantronix does not make, and specifically disclaims, all warranties of any kind (express, implied or otherwise) regarding title, non-infringement, fitness, quality, accuracy, completeness, usefulness, suitability or performance of the information provided herein. Lantronix shall have no liability whatsoever to any user for any damages, losses and causes of action (whether in contract or in tort or otherwise) in connection with the user’s access or usage of any of the information or content contained herein. -
DESIGN ALTERNATIVES for Virtual Private Networks
DESIGN ALTERNATIVES FOR Virtual Private Networks G.I. Papadimitriou1, M. S. Obaidat2, C. Papazoglou3 and A.S. Pomportsis4 1Department of Informatics, Aristotle University, Box 888, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece 2Department of Computer Science, Monmouth University, W. Long Branch, NJ 07764, USA 3Department of Informatics, Aristotle University, Box 888, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece 4Department of Informatics, Aristotle University, Box 888, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece Keywords. Virtual private networks (VPNs), PPTP, L2TP, IPSec, tunneling, encryption, SSL, QoS Abstract. Virtual private networks (VPNs) are becoming more and more important for all kinds of businesses with a wide spectrum of applications and configurations. This paper presents the basic concepts related to VPNs. These include the different types of VPN services, namely Intranet, Extranet and Remote Access VPNs. The concept of tunneling, which is fundamental in VPNs, is discussed in great detail. The tunneling protocols that are employed by VPNs, such as PPTP, L2TP and IPSec are also presented. Furthermore, the issue of Quality of Service, QoS, support in VPN configurations is briefly addressed. 1 Introduction The best way to come up with a definition of the term Virtual Private Network (VPN) is to analyze each word separately. Having done that, Ferguson and Huston (1998) came up with the following definition: A VPN is a communications environment in which access is controlled to permit peer connections only within a defined community of interest, and is constructed through some form of partitioning of a common underlying communications medium, where this underlying communications medium provides services to the network on a non-exclusive basis. Ferguson and Huston also provided a simpler and less formal description. -
Anti Spoofing
Anti-Spoofing What is Spoofing? In simple terms, A technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers, whereby the intruder sends messages to a computer with an IP address indicating that the message is coming from a trusted host. Types Of Spoofing Attacks IP Address ARP DNS Spoofing Spoofing Spoofing IP Address Spoofing Attacks • IP address spoofing is one of the most frequently used spoofing attack methods. • An attacker sends IP packets from a false (or “spoofed”) source address in order to disguise itself. ARP Spoofing Attacks • ARP is short for Address Resolution Protocol, a protocol that is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC (Media Access Control) addresses for transmitting data. • In this attack, a malicious party sends spoofed ARP messages across a local area network in order to link the attacker’s MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate member of the network. • ARP spoofing only works on local area networks that use the Address Resolution Protocol. DNS Server Spoofing Attacks • The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that associates domain names with IP addresses. • In a DNS server spoofing attack, a malicious party modifies the DNS server in order to reroute a specific domain name to a different IP address. • In such cases, the new IP address will be for a server that is actually controlled by the attacker and contains files infected with malware. • DNS server spoofing attacks are often used to spread computer worms and viruses. Anti-Spoofing Antispoofing is a technique for identifying and dropping packets that have a false source address. -
Cases of IP Address Spoofing and Web Spoofing —
3-3 StudiesonCountermeasuresforThwarting SpoofingAttacks—CasesofIPAddress SpoofingandWebSpoofing— MIYAMOTO Daisuke, HAZEYAMA Hiroaki, and KADOBAYASHI Youki This article intends to give case studies for of thwarting spoofing attack. Spoofing is widely used when attackers attempt to increase the success rate of their cybercrimes. In the context of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, IP address spoofing is employed to camouflage the attackers’ location. In the context of social engineering, Web spoofing is used to persuade victims into giv- ing away personal information. A Web spoofing attacker creates a convincing but false copy of the legitimate enterprises’ web sites. The forged websites are also known as phishing sites. Our research group developed the algorithms, systems, and practices, all of which analyze cybercrimes that employ spoofing techniques. In order to thwart DoS attacks, we show the deployment scenario for IP traceback systems. IP traceback aims to locate attack source, regardless of the spoofed source IP addresses. Unfortunately, IP traceback requires that its sys- tems are widely deployed across the Internet. We argue the practical deployment scenario within Internets of China, Japan, and South Korea. We also develop a detection method for phishing sites. Currently, one of the most important research agenda to counter phishing is improving the accuracy for detecting phishing sites. Our approach, named HumanBoost, aims at improving the detection accuracy by utilizing Web users’ past trust decisions. Based on our subject experiments, we analyze the average detection accuracy of both HumanBoost and CANTINA. Keywords IP spoofing, Web spoofing, Internet emulation, IP traceback, Machine learning 1 Introduction measures. IP traceback aims to locate attack sources, regardless of the spoofed source IP DoS attacks exhaust the resources of addresses. -
Towards Remediating Ddos Attacks
Towards Remediating DDoS Attacks Arturs Lavrenovs NATO CCDCOE, Tallinn, Estonia [email protected] DOI: 10.34190/IWS.21.046 Abstract: The Internet infrastructure has been struggling with distributed denialofservice (DDoS) attacks for more than two decades. This paper reviews aspects of current remediation strategies for reflected amplified DDoS attacks and identifies elements that are insufficiently researched which might be hindering remediation efforts. It identifies additional actors who should be playing a role in these efforts and reviews their incentives and motivation. The issue has long been whether it is possible to remediate abused protocols faster than the protocols get deprecated while devices using them remain functional until the end of their life. It now appears that it is. The Memcache protocol attack capacity was only 319 Mbps in May 2020 but it was 1.7 Tbps only two years previously. Thus it can be considered fully remediated. The paper examines why this was a successful remediation effort and whether it could be applied to other commonly abused protocols by using the reflector capacity measurement methodology. In contrast, the longterm abused DNS protocol has not seen a significant drop in capacity, which is lingering around 27.5 Tbps. Keywords: DDoS attacks, DDoS attack capacity, DDoS attack remediation, reflectors, amplifiers 1. Introduction The first DDoS network attack was two decades ago and was soon followed by reflected amplified DDoS attacks that have been plaguing the Internet ever since. Although the number of reflectors observed by scanning projects has been steadily decreasing, the attack capacity is evergrowing and is setting new records. -
Time-Sensitive Networks Over 5G
Time-sensitive networks over 5G Bachelor’s thesis Häme University of Applied Sciences Information and Communications Technology Spring 2020 Kaarlo Skogberg TIIVISTELMÄ Tieto- ja viestintätekniikka Hämeen Ammattikorkeakoulu Tekijä Kaarlo Skogberg Vuosi 2020 Työn nimi Aikakriittiset verkot 5G:n yli Työn ohjaaja /t Marko Grönfors (HAMK), Toni Huusko, Juhani Kerovuori TIIVISTELMÄ Opinnäytetyön tarkoitus oli tuottaa vertailu reaaliaikaisista kommunikaa- tiokeinoista nosturin ja etäohjausaseman välille 5G-mobiiliverkon yli. Kent- täväyliä tarvitaan nosturin kanssa kommunikointiin, mutta koska nämä ovat pääosin tason 2 protokollia ja eivät reitity luontaisesti 5G-verkossa täytyy kenttäväylän verkkoliikenne tunneloida. Työssä tutkittiin erilaisia Ethernet-pohjaisia kenttäväyliä sekä tunnelointiteknologioita, jotka kyke- nevät tunneloimaan tason 2 verkkoliikennettä. Tason 2 tunnelointi mah- dollistaa suoran kommunikaation kahden paikallisverkon välillä. Kaikkien työssä tutkittujen Ethernet-pohjaisten kenttäväylien sekä tunnelointipro- tokollien täytyi olla sopivia käytettäväksi teollisessa ympäristössä valituilla verkkolaitteistolla. Työtä varten tutkitun tiedon perusteella esitetään, että käytettävä kenttä- väylä sekä tunnelointiprotokolla tulisi valita saatavilla olevan verkkolait- teiston sekä muun infrastruktuurin perusteella. Kenttäväylää valittaessa reaaliaikaiset vaatimukset olivat käyttötarkoitukseen nähden kevyet, joka avaa enemmän vaihtoehtoja kenttäväylää valittaessa. Yrityksessä käyte- tään jo Profinetia, joka soveltuu mainiosti käyttötarkoitukseen. -
Proposed Methods of IP Spoofing Detection & Prevention
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064 Proposed Methods of IP Spoofing Detection & Prevention Sharmin Rashid1, Subhra Prosun Paul2 1, 2World University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract: In computer networking, the term IP address spoofing or IP spoofing refers to the creation of Internet Protocol (IP) packets with a forged source IP address, called spoofing, with the purpose of concealing the identity of the sender or impersonating another computing system. On January 22, 1995, in an article entitled, ―New form of attack on computers linked to Internet is uncovered, John Markoff of the New York Times reported on the TCP/IP protocol suite's security weakness known as IP spoofing. The IP spoofing security weakness was published by S. M. Bellovin (1989). However, not much attention has been paid to the security weaknesses of the TCP/IP protocol by the general public. This is changing as more people and companies are connecting to the Internet to conduct business. This paper is on ― “Proposed methods of IP Spoofing Detection & Prevention”. This paper contains an overview of IP address and IP Spoofing and its background. It also shortly discusses various types of IP Spoofing, how they attack on communication system. This paper also describes some methods to detection and prevention methods of IP spoofing and also describes impacts on communication system by IP Spoofing. We think that our proposed methods will be very helpful to detect and stop IP spoofing and give a secured communication system. Keywords: IP address, IP Spoofing, TCP/IP, Compression, Cryptography 1.