Report of the project on “Mapping of coastal resources and identifying suitable areas for expanding integrated multi trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in

Background

Sustainable aquaculture is to develop ecologically efficient, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable farming practices to satisfy and maintain the quality land and water resources for the future generation. The State of Maharashtra ha vast stretches of estuaries, creeks and mangrove swamps which offers great potential for aquaculture, particularly for mud crab farming.In view of the natural resources and market potential for aquatic animals, the Department of forests, Government of Maharashtra aimed to promote aquaculture farming in the state of Maharashtra, through a novel approach which aims at providing livelihood support to the local communities utilizing the mangrove wetlands; thereby the local communities also shoulder the responsibility of conservation of mangroves. A preliminary surve was conducted to identify the suitable creeks using water quality characteristics and also GIS environment. Further evaluation will be done based on various physical and environmental criteria including topography, soil types, land-use system, vegetation, water quality, water availability, salinity, risk of flooding, infrastructure, seed resources and availability, market and support services.

Added to this, carrying capacity of many source waters has been exceeded or likely to exceed due to over development of shrimp farming and low tidal amplitude in certain areas. While identifying the land suitability, carrying capacity of water bodies has to be estimated based on the maximum nutrients loading which can be assimilated by the water body without exceeding the permissible levels of water quality and flushing /dilution rates, and supportive capacity of ecosystem. The unplanned and uncontrolled expansion of shrimp aquaculture had led to exceeding the carrying capacity of the source water bodies, which resulted in negative impacts of poor productivity and occurrence of diseases in some regions. Water quality and soil characteristics were never associated with site selection process, led to environmental issues and poor productivity. Considering the present land use, extent of utilization of resources, carrying capacity of the source water bodies and site specific water quality parameters, there is a need to identify the suitable sites or zones for aquaculture adhering to environmental regulations and unfertile and low lying areas for the alternative livelihood development. In addition, Indian aquaculture is dominated by monoculture with few species and may not be sustainable in long run. We need to diversify and there should be a paradigmatic shift from monoculture to polyculture system. IMTA can be an alternative to monoculture with three or more species at different trophic levels with compensating feed practices, i.e waste from one species act as feed for others. To carry out the IMTA, suitable waterbodies and areas needs to be identified before planning. Specific objectives of the proposed study ● To conduct the preliminary survey and identify the suitable areas for IMTA in Palghar, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Thane districts of Maharashtra ● To assess land use pattern from satellite data and GIS, carrying capacity, water availability and water quality characteristics in the major source water bodies to select the suitable areas for IMTA through GIS based MCDSS Work component Phase I. ● Phase I component. Preliminary survey and Identification of suitable areas for IMTA in Palghar, Raigad, Ratnagiri in Sindhudurg and Thane districts of Maharashtra and coastal resources assessment Work done: Preliminary survey was carried out in the coastal districts of Maharashtra to assess their suitability for aquaculture. The physicochemical and biological parameters were analyzed from five district (Palghar, Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg) creeks and river waters of Maharashtra state. The following table shows the villages and the associated creeks surveyed. Table - Districts, villages and creeks covered during preliminary survey. S.No District Villages covered Creeks 1 Palghar Pantambi, Kawali, Banganga River, Ghivali creek, Chikhale, Asangaon, Dahanu River, Murpo satpathi Chandigone, Agavan, River, Murba Creek, Makunsar Dahanu, Daboli, creek, Vaitarna River Vikaswadi, Makunsar, Karvele 2 Thane Malgipada Creek 3 Raigad Bhal, Tamsi(), Patalganga River, Amba River, Hashivare, Shirkichal, Kurul creek, Kundalika creek, Kurul, Agrav(Revdanda), Rajpuri Creek, Savitri River, Bhonang, Uchal, Pangol, Kalinje creek Kalinje

4 Ratnagiri Kelshi, Wadi, Murdi, Kelshi creek, Wadi creek, Murdi Dabhol, Kasarveli, creek, Vashishti River, Kasarveli Saitvadi, Phansop, creek, Jaigad River, Kajali River, Purnagad, Agarwadi, Muchkundi River, Agarwadi Ansur, Amberi creek, Pangeri creek, Vahghotan River 5 Sindhudur Wadatar, Mithbav, Devgad River, Naringre River, g Achara, Hadi, Malvan, Achra River, Gad River, Kolamb Karali, Vengurla, Creek, Karali River, Mandavi Mochimad, Huda River, Mochimad River, Tiroda Creek Water quality parameters of the creek/river such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, total phosphate and chlorophyll-a were analyzed and village wise creek water characteristics during Post monsoon season in the year 2017 are given in the Tables -1to 42-. Figures indicate the status of waterbodies (village wise) in the districts.

1. Water quality in Banganga river, Ghivali creek, Dahanu river, Murpo satpathi river, Murba creek, Makunsar creek, Vaitarna river covering villages Pantambi, Kawali, Chikhale, Asangaon, Chandigone, Agavan, Dahanu, Daboli, Vikaswadi, Makunsar, Karvele in Palghar district are given in Table 1-10. Figure 1 indicates the waterbodies of the Palghar district. Figures 2-11 indicates the creek and its surroundings.

Fig.1. Creek/River and its surroundings in sample location at Palghar district

Table.1. Water quality characteristics of Pantembi Creek in Pantembi village at Palghar district

(Pantembi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 142.92 pH 7.14 Depth (m) 1.5 Salinity (ppt) 23 Width (m) 1677 DO (mg/l) 8.93 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 34 NH3 (ppm) 1.449 o Water temperature( C) 31 NO2 (ppm) 0.063 Turbidity (NTU) 30 NO3 (ppm) 0.072 PO4 (ppm) 0.115 TPO4 (ppm) 0.172 Chlorophyll mg/m3 1.274

Pantembi Creek Mangrove Nursery

Polluted water and Death Fish Water quality monitoring

Fig.2. Pantembi Creek and its surroundings in Pantembi village at Palghar district

Ghivali Creek (Ghivali) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove area (ha) 59.78 pH 7.44 Depth (m) 1.5 Salinity (ppt) 16 Width (m) 70 DO (mg/l) 7.44 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 29 NH3 (ppm) 0.135 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.043 Turbidity (NTU) 31 NO3 (ppm) 0.068 PO4 (ppm) 0.013 TPO4 (ppm) 0.020 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.061 Table.2. Water quality characteristics of Ghivali Creek in Ghivali village at Palghar district

Ghivali Creek Mangrovee

DO Measurement

Fig.3. Ghivali Creek and its surroundings in Ghivali village at Palghar district

Table.3. Water quality characteristics of Dahanu Creek in Asangaon village at Palghar district

Dahanu Creek (Asangaon) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 16.52 pH 7.28 depth (m) 3 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 15 DO (mg/l) 8.82 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 31 NH3 (ppm) 0.038 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.005 Turbidity (NTU) 18 NO3 (ppm) 0.106 PO4 (ppm) 0.008 TPO4 (ppm) 0.012 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.097

Dahanu Creek Associated Mangrove

Questionnaire Collection

Fig.4. Dahanu Creek and its surroundings in Asangaon village at Palghar district

Table.4. Water quality characteristics of Dahanu creek in Chandigaon village at Palghar district

Dahanu Creek (Chandigaon) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 45.24 pH 7.45 depth (m) 5 Salinity (ppt) 33 width (m) 50 DO (mg/l) 5.70 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 29 NH3 (ppm) 0.025 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.050 Turbidity (NTU) 38 NO3 (ppm) 0.191 PO4 (ppm) 0.015 TPO4 (ppm) 0.024 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.067

Dahanu Creek DO Measurement

Fig.5. Dahanu Creek and its surroundings in Chandigaon village at Palghar district

Table.5. Water quality characteristics of Dahanu Creek in Agavan village at Palghar district

Dahanu Creek (Agavan) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 29.76 pH 7.70 depth (m) 3 Salinity (ppt) 22 width (m) 100 DO (mg/l) 6.42 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 35 NH3 (ppm) 0.061 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.286 Turbidity (NTU) 38 NO3 (ppm) 0.384 PO4 (ppm) 0.018 TPO4 (ppm) 0.027 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.088

Dahanu Creek Associated Mangrove

DO Measurement Questionnaire Collection

Fig.6. Dahanu Creek and its surroundings in Agavan village at Palghar district Table.6. Water quality characteristics of Dahanu Creek in Dahanu village at Palghar district

Dahanu Creek (Dahanu) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 15.68 pH 7.71 depth (m) 25 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 320 DO (mg/l) 6.24 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 34 NH3 (ppm) 0.058 o Water temperature( C) 31 NO2 (ppm) 0.111 Turbidity (NTU) 24 NO3 (ppm) 0.188 PO4 (ppm) 0.141 TPO4 (ppm) 0.211 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.069

Dahanu Creek Associated Mangrove

Dahanu Creek Associated Mangrove DO Measurement Questionnaire Collection

Plankton Collection

Fig.7. Dahanu Creek and its surroundings in Dahanu village at Palghar district

Dahanu Creek Associated Mangrove

Plankton Collection Murpo Satpathi Creek (Dapoli) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 41.65 pH 7.88 depth (m) 3 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 50 DO (mg/l) 3.31 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 32 NH3 (ppm) 0.021 o Water temperature( C) 27 NO2 (ppm) 0.468 Turbidity (NTU) 12 NO3 (ppm) 0.482 PO4 (ppm) 0.019 TPO4 (ppm) 0.029 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.049 Table.7. Water quality characteristics of Murpo Satpathi Creek in Dapoli village at Palghar district

Mangrove in the creek Murpo Satpathi Creek

Mangrrove Nursery

Fig.8. Murpo Saatpathi Creek and its surroundings in Dapoli village at Palghar district

Table.8. Water quality characteristics of Murba Creek in Vikaswadi village at Palghar district

Murba Creek (Vikaswadi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 151.91 pH 7.72 depth (m) 4.5 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 70 DO (mg/l) 5.93 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 35 NH3 (ppm) 0.031 o Water temperature( C) 32 NO2 (ppm) 0.438 Turbidity (NTU) 20 NO3 (ppm) 0.442 PO4 (ppm) 0.016 TPO4 (ppm) 0.024 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.089

Associated Mangrove

Questionnaire Collection

Fig.9. Murba Creek and its surroundings in Vikaswadi village at Palghar district

Table.9. Water quality characteristics of Makunsar Creek in Makunsar village at Palghar district Makunsar Creek (Makunsar) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 114.17 pH 7.94 depth (m) 4 Salinity (ppt) 20 width (m) 70 DO (mg/l) 6.28 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 31 NH3 (ppm) 0.013 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.007 Turbidity (NTU) 15 NO3 (ppm) 0.099 PO4 (ppm) 0.008 TPO4 (ppm) 0.012 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.067

Makunsar AssociatedCreek Mangrove

Shrimp in the creek Harvested crab in the village

Fig.10. Makunsar Creek and its surroundings in Makunsar village at Palghar district

Table.10. Water quality characteristics of Vaitarna River in Karvele village at Palghar district

Vaitarna River (Karvele) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 229.96 pH 7.85 depth (m) 9 Salinity (ppt) 23 width (m) 450 DO (mg/l) 5.12 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 31 NH3 (ppm) 0.015 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.005 Turbidity (NTU) 31 NO3 (ppm) 0.026 PO4 (ppm) 0.025 TPO4 (ppm) 0.038 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.085

Vaitarna River Associated Mangrove

Fig.11. Vaitaran River and its surroundings in Karvele village at Palghar district

Present study reveals that Ammonia and chlorophyll-a were exhibiting high concentration and depth was (1.5 m) during low tide in Pantambi river of Palghar district it could be due to the highly innfluence of Industrial effluents and domestic waste, it may lead to microbial oxidation of organic matter, which indicates the deteriorating water quality for cage aquaculture. In Ghivali creek depth (1.5m) was observed very less and not sufficient for developing cage culture. Chandigone -Dahanu River showed high turbidity, during low tide and water depth was less during low tide. The Dahanu river mainnly polluted by the domestic effluent, released from Dahanu Municipal Corporation and Thermal Power Plant. The Vaitarna River lowest level of water, high turbidity and water high flow were observed during low tide respectively.

2.

Water quality in Vasai Creek at Malgipada village is given in Table 11. Figures 12 indicates the creek and its surrounds. Figure 13 indicates the creek surroundings.

Fig.12. Creek/River and its surroundings in Sample location at Thane district

Table.11. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Maljipada village at Thane district Vasai Creek (Maljipada) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 1190.59 pH 7.66 depth (m) 13 Salinity (ppt) 23 width (m) 1800 DO (mg/l) 2.29 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 35 NH3 (ppm) 0.035 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.014 Turbidity (NTU) 87 NO3 (ppm) 0.341 PO4 (ppm) 0.086 TPO4 (ppm) 0.129 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.031

Vasai Creek Mangrovve

Fig.13. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Maljipada village at Thane district

The vasai creek water was observed high turbidity (87 NTU) condition, with less DO (2.29 mg/l) level due to decrease in photosynthetic activity associated with high turbid condition during sampling period.

3. Raigad District Water quality in Patalganga river, Amba River, Kurul creek, Kunddalika creek, Rajpuri Creek, Savitri River, Kalinje covering villages Bhal, Tamsi (Boisar), Hashivare, Shirkichal, Kurul, Agrav (Revdanda), Bhonang, Uchal, Pangol, Kalinje in Raigod district are given in Table 12-21. Figure 14 indicates the waterbodies of the Raigod district. Figures 15-24 indicates the creek and its surroundings.

Fig.14. Creek/River and its surroundings in Sample location at Raigad district

In Amba River, low DO (2.69 mg/l) level was observed and high turbidity (90 NTU) was observed during the low tide period. The preliminary survey indicated the effect of industrial and dredging activities nearby selected station of Shirkichal village. In Kundalika 2 m creek depth and high turbidity (58 NTU) was observed during the low tide period. The river has a water only in high tide period. The high water turbidity (81 NTU) was observed and low water availability during low tide period in Rajpuri Creek. The same conditions prevailed in Savitri River water also.

Table.12. Water quality characteristics of Koproli creek in Bhal village at Raigad district Patalganga River (Koproli Creek – Bhal ) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 1404.68 pH 7.48 depth (m) 10 Salinity (ppt) 27 width (m) 200 DO (mg/l) 5.15 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 36 NH3 (ppm) 0.049 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.258 Turbidity (NTU) 26 NO3 (ppm) 0.357 PO4 (ppm) 0.136 TPO4 (ppm) 0.013 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.057

Koproli Creek Associated Mangrove

DO Measurement Fishermen in the village

Fig.15. Koproli Creek and its surroundings in Bhal village at Raigad district

Amba River (Tamsi – Boisar) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 1624.08 pH 7.50 depth (m) 5 Salinity (ppt) 30 width (m) 525 DO (mg/l) 5.10 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 33 NH3 (ppm) 0.024 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.011 Turbidity (NTU) 54 NO3 (ppm) 0.205 PO4 (ppm) 0.133 TPO4 (ppm) 0.012 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.049 Table.13. Water quality characteristics of Amba River in Tamsi village at Raigad district

Associated Mangrove

Turbidity measurement Crab present in the site

Fig.16. Amba River and its surroundings in Tamsi village at Raigad district Table.14. Water quality characteristics of Amba River in Shirkichal village at Raigad district

Amba River (Shirkichal) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 7777.83 pH 7.46 depth (m) 7 Salinity (ppt) 25 width (m) 475 DO (mg/l) 2.69 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 33 NH3 (ppm) 0.155 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.032 Turbidity (NTU) 90 NO3 (ppm) 0.310 PO4 (ppm) 0.268 TPO4 (ppm) 0.017 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.036

Amba River Associated Mangrove

Oil Drilling

Fig.17. Amba River and its surroundings in Shirkichal village at Raigad district

Table.15. Water quality characteristics of Kurul Creek in Kurul village at Raigad district Kurul Creek (Kurul) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 313.28 pH 7.53 depth (m) 2.5 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 160 DO (mg/l) 4.75 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 32 NH3 (ppm) 0.009 o Water temperature( C) 27 NO2 (ppm) 0.007 Turbidity (NTU) 4 NO3 (ppm) 0.011 PO4 (ppm) 0.005 TPO4 (ppm) 0.008 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.056

Kurul Creek Associated Mangrove

DO Measurement

Fig.18. Kurul Creek and its surroundings in Kurul village at Raigad district

DO Measurement Table.16. Water quality characteristics of Kundalika Creek in Agrav village at Raigad district Kundalika Creek (Agrav) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 454.35 pH 7.36 depth (m) 6 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 300 DO (mg/l) 4.74 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 35 NH3 (ppm) 0.022 o Water temperature( C) 28 NO2 (ppm) 0.145 Turbidity (NTU) 35 NO3 (ppm) 0.203 PO4 (ppm) 0.166 TPO4 (ppm) 0.011 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.050

Kundalika Creek Associated Mangrove

Fig.19. Kundalika Creek and its surroundings in Agrav village at Raigad district Table.17. Water quality characteristics of Kundalika Creek in Bhonang village at Raigad district Kundalika Creek (Bhonang) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 104.11 pH 7.47 depth (m) 2 Salinity (ppt) 31 width (m) 65 DO (mg/l) 4.19 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 34 NH3 (ppm) 1.512 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.498 Turbidity (NTU) 58 NO3 (ppm) 0.423 PO4 (ppm) 0.149 TPO4 (ppm) 0.012 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.032

Kundalika Creek Associated Mangrove

Fig.20. Kundalika Creek and its surroundings in Bhonang village at Raigad district Kundalika Creek (Bhonang) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 788.91 pH 7.47 depth (m) 8 Salinity (ppt) 33 width (m) 480 DO (mg/l) 4.21 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 35 NH3 (ppm) 0.043 o Water temperature( C) 28 NO2 (ppm) 0.036 Turbidity (NTU) 45 NO3 (ppm) 0.107 PO4 (ppm) 0.128 TPO4 (ppm) 0.012 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.030 Table.18. Water quality characteristics of Kundalika Creek in Bhonang village at Raigad district

Kundalika Creek Associated Mangrove

Fig.21. Kundalika Creek and its surroundings in Bhonang village at Raigad district Table.19. Water quality characteristics of Rajpuri Creek in Uchel village at Raigad district

Rajpuri Creek (Uchel) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 481.38 pH 7.67 depth (m) 4 Salinity (ppt) 23 width (m) 815 DO (mg/l) 7.39 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 31 NH3 (ppm) 0.051 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.065 Turbidity (NTU) 81 NO3 (ppm) 0.069 PO4 (ppm) 0.005 TPO4 (ppm) 0.007 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.074

Rajpuri Creek Associated Mangrove

Questionnaire

Fig.22. Rajpuri Creek and its surroundings in Uchel village at Raigad distriict

Savitri River (Pangol) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 902.72 pH 7.32 depth (m) 12 Salinity (ppt) 18 width (m) 500 DO (mg/l) 4.82 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 25 NH3 (ppm) 0.015 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.005 Turbidity (NTU) 66 NO3 (ppm) 0.107 PO4 (ppm) 0.005 TPO4 (ppm) 0.007 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.029 Table.20. Water quality characteristics of Savitri River in Pangol village at Raigad district

Savitri River Plankton Collection

Questionnaire Collection

Fig.23. Savitri River and its surroundings in Pangol village at Raigad district

Kalinje Creek (Kalinje) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 416.91 pH 7.35 depth (m) 4 Salinity (ppt) 32 width (m) 245 DO (mg/l) 5.16 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 30 NH3 (ppm) 0.045 o Water temperature( C) 27 NO2 (ppm) 0.098 Turbidity (NTU) 38 NO3 (ppm) 0.102 PO4 (ppm) 0.005 TPO4 (ppm) 0.008 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.055 Table.21. Water quality characteristics of Kalinje Creek in Kallinje village at Raigad disstrict

Kalinje Creek Associated Mangrove

Fig.24. Kalinje Creek and its surroundings in Kalinje village at Raigad district

4. Ratnagiri District

Water quality in Kelshi creek, Wadi creek, Murdi creek, Vashishti River, Kasarveli creek, Jaigad River, Kajali River, Muchkundi River, Agarwadi creek, Pangeri creek, Vahghotan River covering villages Kelshi, Wadi, Murdi, Dabhol, Kasarveli, Saitvadi, Phansop, Purnagad, Agarwadi, Ansur, Amberi in Ratnagiri district are given in Table 22-32 . Figure 25 indicates the waterbodies of the Ratnagiri district. Figures 26-36 indicates the creek and its surroundings.

Fig.25. Creek/River and its surroundings in Sample location at Ratnagiri district

The shallow water depth of 1.8 m was recorded during low tide due to the influence of Wadi river. In Vashishti River, shallow depth during low tide and less DO level was observed. In Jaigad River, no water available during low tide. Table.22. Water quality characteristics of Kelshi Creek in Kelshi village at Ratnagiri district

Kelshi Creek (Kelshi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 57.58 pH 7.32 depth (m) 3 Salinity (ppt) 14 width (m) 75 DO (mg/l) 6.13 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 37 NH3 (ppm) 0.085 o Water temperature( C) 28 NO2 (ppm) 0.058 Turbidity (NTU) 9 NO3 (ppm) 0.072 PO4 (ppm) 0.004 TPO4 (ppm) 0.007 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.057

Kelshi Creek Associated Mangrove

Fig.26. Kelshi Creek and its surroundings in Kelshi village at Ratnagiri district

Table.23. Water quality characteristics of Kelshi Creek in Kelshi village at Ratnagiri district Kelshi Creek (Kelshi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 57.58 pH 7.38 depth (m) 2.5 Salinity (ppt) 33 width (m) 140 DO (mg/l) 6.54 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 31 NH3 (ppm) 0.077 o Water temperature( C) 31 NO2 (ppm) 0.139 Turbidity (NTU) 15 NO3 (ppm) 0.143 PO4 (ppm) 0.004 TPO4 (ppm) 0.006 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.061

Kelshi Creek Associated Mangrove & DO Measurement

Fig.27. Kelshi Creek and its surroundings in Kelshi village at Ratnagiri district Table.24. Water quality characteristics of Wadi Creek in Wadi village at Ratnagiri district

Wadi Creek (Wadi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 51.95 pH 7.27 depth (m) 1.8 Salinity (ppt) 3 width (m) 55 DO (mg/l) 7.25 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 32 NH3 (ppm) 0.063 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.006 Turbidity (NTU) 7 NO3 (ppm) 0.058 PO4 (ppm) 0.002 TPO4 (ppm) 0.003 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.054

Wadi Creek Availability of Fish

Fig.28. Wadi Creek and its surroundings in Wadi village at Ratnagiri district

Table.25. Water quality characteristics of Murdi Creek in Murdi village at Ratnagiri disstrict

Murdi Creek (Murdi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 104.16 pH 7.4 depth (m) 3 Salinity (ppt) 33 width (m) 335 DO (mg/l) 6.95 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 31 NH3 (ppm) 0.048 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.105 Turbidity (NTU) 33 NO3 (ppm) 0.136 PO4 (ppm) 0.004 TPO4 (ppm) 0.006 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.071

Murdi Creek Associated Mangrove

Fig.29. Murdi Creek and its surroundings in Murdi village at Ratnagiri district

Table.26. Water quality characteristics of Vashishti River in Dabhol village at Ratnagiri district

Vashishti River (Dabhol) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 299.09 pH 7.32 depth (m) 25 Salinity (ppt) 24 width (m) 700 DO (mg/l) 3.38 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 29 NH3 (ppm) 0.336 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.506 Turbidity (NTU) 22 NO3 (ppm) 0.522 PO4 (ppm) 0.006 TPO4 (ppm) 0.009 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.027

Vashishti River

Fig.30. Vashishti River and its surroundings in Dabhol village at Ratnagiri district

Table.27. Water quality characteristics of Kasarveli Creek in Kasarveli village at Ratnagiri district

Kasarveli Creek (Kasarveli) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 3177.70 pH 7.43 depth (m) 12 Salinity (ppt) 33 width (m) 700 DO (mg/l) 5.13 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 28 NH3 (ppm) 0.072 o Water temperature( C) 27 NO2 (ppm) 0.008 Turbidity (NTU) 6 NO3 (ppm) 0.021 PO4 (ppm) 0.006 TPO4 (ppm) 0.009 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.048

Kasarveli Creek Associated Mangrove

Plankton Collection Questionnaire Collection

Fig.31. Kasarveli Creek and its surroundings in Kasarveli village at Ratnagiri district

Table.28. Water quality characteristics of Jaigad River in Saitvadi village at Ratnagiri district Jaigad River (Saitvadi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 389.38 pH 7.41 depth (m) 6 Salinity (ppt) 30 width (m) 800 DO (mg/l) 5.8 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 34 NH3 (ppm) 0.080 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.006 Turbidity (NTU) 16 NO3 (ppm) 0.010 PO4 (ppm) 0.006 TPO4 (ppm) 0.009 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.055

Jaigad River

Fig.32. Jaigad River and its surroundings in Saitvadi village at Ratnagiri district

Kajali River (Phansop) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 1377.13 pH 7.44 depth (m) 13 Salinity (ppt) 28 width (m) 125 DO (mg/l) 6.8 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 34 NH3 (ppm) 0.061 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.010 Turbidity (NTU) 4 NO3 (ppm) 0.020 PO4 (ppm) 0.004 TPO4 (ppm) 0.006 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.066 Table.29. Water quality characteristics of Kajali River in Phansop village at Ratnagiri district

Kajali River Associated Mangrove

Turbidity Measurement Fish

Fig.33. Kajali River and its surroundings in Phansop village at Ratnagiri district

Table.30. Water quality characteristics of Muchkundi River in Purnagad village at Ratnagiri district

Muchkundi River (Purnagad) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 183.92 pH 7.51 depth (m) 6 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 200 DO (mg/l) 7.02 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 33 NH3 (ppm) 0.031 o Water temperature( C) 31 NO2 (ppm) 0.005 Turbidity (NTU) 2 NO3 (ppm) 0.008 PO4 (ppm) 0.001 TPO4 (ppm) 0.001 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.068

Muchkundi River Mangrove

DO Measurement

Fig.34. Muchkundi River and its surroundings in Purnagad village at Ratnagiri district Table.31. Water quality characteristics of Agarwadi Creek in Agarwadi village at RRatnagiri district

Agarwadi Creek (Agarwadi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 2877.34 pH 7.47 depth (m) 30 Salinity (ppt) 32 width (m) 800 DO (mg/l) 7.94 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 34 NH3 (ppm) 0.070 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.010 Turbidity (NTU) 2 NO3 (ppm) 0.024 PO4 (ppm) 0.006 TPO4 (ppm) 0.009 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.069

Agarwadi Creek Associated Mangrove

Availability of Fish

Fig.35. Agarwadi Creel and its surroundings in Agarwadi village at Ratnagiri district Table.32. Water quality characteristics of Pangeri Creek in Ansur village at Ratnagiri district

Pangeri Creek (Ansur) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 140.89 pH 7.48 depth (m) 18 Salinity (ppt) 34 width (m) 800 DO (mg/l) 6.98 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 32 NH3 (ppm) 0.043 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.016 Turbidity (NTU) 6 NO3 (ppm) 0.017 PO4 (ppm) 0.005 TPO4 (ppm) 0.008 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.068

Panngeri Creek Associated Mangrove

Questionnaire Collection

Fig.36. Pangeri Creel and its surroundings in Ansur village at Ratnagiri district

Vahghotan River (Amberi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 356.03 pH 7.44 depth (m) 9 Salinity (ppt) 22 width (m) 325 DO (mg/l) 7.16 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 30 NH3 (ppm) 0.062 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.010 Turbidity (NTU) 2 NO3 (ppm) 0.023 PO4 (ppm) 0.006 TPO4 (ppm) 0.008 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.059 Table.33. Water quality characteristics of Vahghotan River in Amberi village at Ratnagiri district

Vahhghotan River Mangrove

Plankton Collection Questionnaire Collection

Fig.37. Vahghotan River and its surroundings in Amberi village at Ratnagiri district

5. Sindhudurg District

Water quality in covering villages in Sindhudurg district are given in Table 34 - 42. Figure 38 indicates the waterbodies of the Sindhudurg district. Figures 39 - 47indicates the creek and its surroundings.

Fig.38. Creek/River and its surroundings in Sample location at Sindhudurg district

Among the rivers, Mandavi River had low water level and high ammonia, hence eliminated for the aquaculture.

Table.34. Water quality characteristics of Devgad River in Wadatar village at Sindhudurg district Devgad River (Waddatar) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 87.15 pH 7.46 depth (m) 12 Salinity (ppt) 20 width (m) 800 DO (mg/l) 6.95 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 28 NH3 (ppm) 0.063 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.012 Turbidity (NTU) 4 NO3 (ppm) 0.022 PO4 (ppm) 0.001 TPO4 (ppm) 0.002 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.045

Devaagad River Associated Mangrove

Turbidity Measurement

Fig.39. Devgad River and its surroundings in Wadatar village at Sindhudurg district

Table.35. Water quality characteristics of Naringre River in Mithbav village at Sindhudurg district

Naringre River (Mithbav) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 1404.68 pH 7.44 depth (m) 20 Salinity (ppt) 17 width (m) 200 DO (mg/l) 6.2 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 25 NH3 (ppm) 0.102 o Water temperature( C) 27 NO2 (ppm) 0.010 Turbidity (NTU) 2 NO3 (ppm) 0.042 PO4 (ppm) 0.012 TPO4 (ppm) 0.018 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.067

Naringre River Associated Mangrove

Questionnaire Collection

Fig.40. Naringre River and its surroundings in Mithbav village at Sindhudurg district Table.36. Water quality characteristics of Achara River in Achara village at Sindhudurg district

Achra River (Achara) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 143.25 pH 7.53 depth (m) 3 Salinity (ppt) 26 width (m) 70 DO (mg/l) 3.42 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 23 NH3 (ppm) 0.123 o Water temperature( C) 28 NO2 (ppm) 0.009 Turbidity (NTU) 3 NO3 (ppm) 0.023 PO4 (ppm) 0.003 TPO4 (ppm) 0.004 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.030

Achra River Associated Mangrove

Water Sample Collection & Fish Capture Crab Farm

Fig.41. Achara River and its surroundings in Achara village at Sindhudurg district

Table.37. Water quality characteristics of God River in Hadi village at Sindhudurg district

Gad River (Hadi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 178.61 pH 7.48 depth (m) 20 Salinity (ppt) 13 width (m) 800 DO (mg/l) 5.12 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 25 NH3 (ppm) 0.066 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.006 Turbidity (NTU) 1 NO3 (ppm) 0.024 PO4 (ppm) 0.004 TPO4 (ppm) 0.006 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.083

Fig.42. God River and its surroundings in Hadi village at Sindhudurg district

Table.38. Water quality characteristics of Kolamb Creek in Malvan village at Sindhudurg district Kolamb Creek (Malvan) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 72.59 pH 7.58 depth (m) 3 Salinity (ppt) 28 width (m) 500 DO (mg/l) 2.68 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 28 NH3 (ppm) 1.025 o Water temperature( C) 27 NO2 (ppm) 0.012 Turbidity (NTU) 3 NO3 (ppm) 0.017 PO4 (ppm) 0.006 TPO4 (ppm) 0.010 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.050

Fig.43. Kolamb Creek and its surroundings in Malvan village at Sindhudurg district Table.39. Water quality characteristics of Karali River in Karali village at Sindhudurg district

Karali River (Karali) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 73.94 pH 7.84 depth (m) 15 Salinity (ppt) 7 width (m) 215 DO (mg/l) 5.68 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 29 NH3 (ppm) 0.175 o Water temperature( C) 28 NO2 (ppm) 0.008 Turbidity (NTU) 2 NO3 (ppm) 0.010 PO4 (ppm) 0.010 TPO4 (ppm) 0.015 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.062

Fig.44. Karali River and its surroundings in Karali village at Sindhudurg district

Table.40. Water quality characteristics of Mandavi River in Vengurla village at Sindhudurg district Mandavi River (Vengurla) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 15.76 pH 7.31 depth (m) 2 Salinity (ppt) 26 width (m) 70 DO (mg/l) 3.56 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 32 NH3 (ppm) 1.621 o Water temperature( C) 29 NO2 (ppm) 0.021 Turbidity (NTU) 3 NO3 (ppm) 0.025 PO4 (ppm) 0.032 TPO4 (ppm) 0.049 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.023

Fig.45. Mandavi River and its surroundings in Vengurla village at Sindhudurg district

Table.41. Water quality characteristics of Mochimad River in Mochimad village at Sindhudurg district Mochimad River (Mochimad) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 18.95 pH 7.64 depth (m) 4 Salinity (ppt) 22 width (m) 60 DO (mg/l) 6.46 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 33 NH3 (ppm) 0.038 o Water temperature( C) 30 NO2 (ppm) 0.009 Turbidity (NTU) 2 NO3 (ppm) 0.036 PO4 (ppm) 0.003 TPO4 (ppm) 0.005 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.074

Fig.46. Mochimad River and its surroundings in Mochimad village at Sindhudurg district

Table.42. Water quality characteristics of Tiroda Creek in Huda village at Sindhudurg district Tiroda Creek (Huda) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Mangrove (ha) 46.93 pH 7.75 depth (m) 4 Salinity (ppt) 20 width (m) 65 DO (mg/l) 5.07 o Atmospheric temperature( C) 37 NH3 (ppm) 0.061 o Water temperature( C) 31 NO2 (ppm) 0.015 Turbidity (NTU) 4 NO3 (ppm) 0.037 PO4 (ppm) 0.002 TPO4 (ppm) 0.002 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.045

Fig.47. Tiroda Creek and its surroundings in Huda village at Sindhudurg district

Based on the assessment, the suitable village areas identified are given Table 43. Unsuitable creeks along with the villages are given in table 44.

Table.43. Suitable river/creek for aquaculture based on preliminary investigation

District Village Name Creek Name Name Asangaone Dahanu River Agvon Dahanu River Danu Dahanu River Palghar Banganga River(Murpo satpathi Daboli River) Vikaswadi Banganga River(Murba Creek) Makunsar Makunsar creek Bhal Patalganga River(Koproli creek) Tamsi(Boisar Amba River ) Raigad Kurul Kurul creek Agrav Kundalika creek Bonang Kundalika creek Kalinje Kalinje creek Kelshi Kelshi creek Kelshi Kelshi creek Murdi Murdi creek Kasarveli Kasarveli creek Phansop Kajali River Ratnagiri Purnagad Muchkundi River Agarwadi Agarwadi creek Ansur Pangeri creek Vahghotan River(Vijayadurg Amberi karaipalim creek) Wadatar Devgad River Mithbav Naringre River Sindhudurg Achara Achra River Hadi Gad River(Galval creek) Malvan Kolamb Creek Karali Karali River(Chipi creek) Mochimad Mochimad River Huda Tiroda Creek

Table.44. Unsuitable river/creek for aquaculture based on preliminary investigation District Village Creek Name Name Name Pantambi Banganga river Ghivali Ghivali creek Palghar Chandigone Dahanu river Karvele Vaitarna River Thane Malgipada Vasai Creek Shirkichal Amba River Bonang Kundalika creek Raigad Utchal Rajpuri Creek Pangol Savitri River Wadi Wadi creek Ratnagiri Dabhol Vashishti River Saitvadi Jaigad River Sindhudurg Vengurla Mandavi River

The results given were based on the findings of the one time preliminary survey. The survey and assessment will be carried out for all other seasons along with the mapping of activities associated with the creek . Further evaluation will be done based on various physical and environmental criteria including topography, soil types, land-use system, vegetation, water quality, water availability, salinity, risk of flooding, infrastructure, seed resources and availability, market and support services.

II. Survey of coastal resources – second season February

Assessment of coastal resources and survey was carried out in the coastal districts of Maharashtra to assess seasonal variation of water quality in the month of February 2018. Water quality and depth were measured for the coastal waterbodies associated with the villages. The satellite data interpretation ground truth verification also initiated.

Palghar District

Water quality in Banganga river, Ghivali creek, Dahanu river, Murpo satpathi river, Murba creek, Makunsar creek, Vaitarna river covering villages Pamtambi,Dandi, Kawali, Asangaon, Chandigone, Agavan, Dahanu, Daboli, Vikaswadi, Makunsar, Karvele, Pargaon, Dahiwale in Palghar district are given in Table 45 -57. Figure 48 indicates the waterbodies of the Palghar district.

Fig.48.Creek/River and its surroundings in sample location at Palghar district

Table.45. Water quality characteristics of Dhanu Creek in Dhanu village at Palghar district

Dhanu Creek (Dhanu) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 25 pH 7.27 Water temperature( oC) 23.7 Salinity (ppt) 32 Turbidity (NTU) 79 DO (mg/l) 7.95 NH3 (ppm) 0.0027 NO2 (ppm) 0.0064 NO3 (ppm) 0.08 PO4 (ppm) 0.0726 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0487 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.3962

Fig.49. Dhanu Creek and its surroundings in Dhanu village at Palghar district

Table.46. Water quality characteristics of Dahanu Creek in Agavan village at Palghar district Dahanu Creek (Agavan) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 29 pH 7.28 Water temperature( oC) 25.5 Salinity (ppt) 19 Turbidity (NTU) 14 DO (mg/l) 6.49 NH3 (ppm) 0.2 NO2 (ppm) 0.0058 NO3 (ppm) 0.031 PO4 (ppm) 0.0855 TPO4 (ppm) 0.054 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.3321

Fig.50. Dahanu Creek and its surroundings in Agavan village at Palghar district

Table.47. Water quality characteristics of Dahanu Creek in Asangaon village at Palghar district

Dahanu Creek (Asangaon) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 30 pH 7.41 Water temperature( oC) 26.3 Salinity (ppt) 7 Turbidity (NTU) 46 DO (mg/l) 9.82 NH3 (ppm) 0.0532 NO2 (ppm) 0.0029 NO3 (ppm) 0.0242 PO4 (ppm) 0.0862 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0607 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.0881

Fig.51. Dahanu Creek and its surroundings in Asangaon village at Palghar district

Table.48. Water quality characteristics of Dahanu creek in Chandigaon village at Palghar district

Dahanu Creek (Chandigaon) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 30 pH 7.32 Water temperature( oC) 26.2 Salinity (ppt) 29 Turbidity (NTU) 23 DO (mg/l) 8.32 NH3 (ppm) 0.0659 NO2 (ppm) 0.0064 NO3 (ppm) 0.0456 PO4 (ppm) 0.0766 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0218 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.189

Fig.52. Unused lands adjacent to Dahanu Creek in Chandigaon village at Palghar district

Table.49. Water quality characteristics of Ghivali creek in Ghivali village at Palghar district

Ghivali creek (Ghivali) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 26 pH 7.51 Water temperature( oC) 25.7 Salinity (ppt) 40 Turbidity (NTU) 9 DO (mg/l) 9.15 NH3 (ppm) 0.044 NO2 (ppm) 0.0025 NO3 (ppm) 0.0157 PO4 (ppm) 0.1086 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0463 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.2573

Fig.53. Ghivali Creek and its surroundings in Kawali village at Palghar district

Table.50. Water quality characteristics of Banganga creek in Pamtembi village at Palghar district

Banganga creek (Pamtembi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 27 27 pH 7.54 7.54 Water temperature( oC) 24 24.2 Salinity (ppt) 33 31 Turbidity (NTU) 3 2 DO (mg/l) 10.42 10.44 NH3 (ppm) 2.4644 2.4644 NO2 (ppm) 0.2301 0.2664 NO3 (ppm) 0.6378 0.6728 PO4 (ppm) 0.1017 0.1003 TPO4 (ppm) 0.073 0.0829 Chlorophyll mg/m3 3.7067 7.1526

Fig.54. Banganga Creek and its surroundings in Pamtembi village at Palghar district Table.51. Water quality characteristics of Banganga creek in Dandi village at Palghar district

Banganga creek (Dandi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics o Atmospheric temperature( C) 28 28 pH 7.36 7.36 o Water temperature( C) 25.4 Salinity (ppt) 35 35 Turbidity (NTU) 12 3 DO (mg/l) 5.22

NH3 (ppm) 0.9681 2.0023

NO2 (ppm) 0.144 0.2029

NO3 (ppm) 0.4263 0.5564

PO4 (ppm) 0.1116 0.1007

TPO4 (ppm) 0.0278 0.0224 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.2822 0.2822

Fig.55. Banganga Creek and its surroundings in Dandi village at Palghar district

Table.52. Water quality characteristics of Murpo Satpathi creek in Daboli village at Palghar district

Murpo Satpathi creek (Daboli) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 29 pH 7.15 Water temperature( oC) 25.9 Salinity (ppt) 26 Turbidity (NTU) 8 DO (mg/l) 2.21 NH3 (ppm) 2.4644 NO2 (ppm) 0.0179 NO3 (ppm) 0.0882 PO4 (ppm) 0.1258 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0157 Chlorophyll mg/m3 2.1732

Fig.56. Murpo Satpathi Creek and its surroundings in Daboli village at Palghar district Table.53. Water quality characteristics of Murba creek in Vikaswadi village at Palghar district

Murba creek (Vikaswadi) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 28 pH 7.2 Water temperature( oC) 27.5 Salinity (ppt) 31 Turbidity (NTU) 3 DO (mg/l) 7.74 NH3 (ppm) 2.4192 NO2 (ppm) 0.0109 NO3 (ppm) 0.0674 PO4 (ppm) 0.1192 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0245 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.4186

Fig.57. Murba Creek and its surroundings in Vikaswadi village at Palghar district Table.54. Water quality characteristics of Makunsar creek in Makunsar village at Palghar district

Makunsar creek ( Makunsar) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 28 pH 7.74 Water temperature( oC) 25.5 Salinity (ppt) 36 Turbidity (NTU) 5 DO (mg/l) 9.04

NH3 (ppm) 0.0413 NO2 (ppm) 0.0016 NO3 (ppm) 0.0136

PO4 (ppm) 0.0904

TPO4 (ppm) 0.0195 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.0624

Fig.58. Makunsar Creek and its surroundings in Makunsar village at Palghar district Table.55. Water quality characteristics of Vaitarna creek in Karvel village at Palghar district

Vaitarna creek (Karvel) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 28.5 pH 7.37 Water temperature( oC) 25.3 Salinity (ppt) 28 Turbidity (NTU) 6 DO (mg/l) 6.83 NH3 (ppm) 0.0276 NO2 (ppm) 0.0615 NO3 (ppm) 0.2893 PO4 (ppm) 0.1258 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0342 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.0798

Fig.59. Vaitarna Creek and its surroundings in Karvel village at Palghar district Table.56. Water quality characteristics of Vaitarna creek in Pargaon village at Palghar district Vaitarna creek ( Pargaon) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 27 pH 7.41 Water temperature( oC) 25.1 Salinity (ppt) 22 Turbidity (NTU) 2 DO (mg/l) 6.82 NH3 (ppm) 0.0234 NO2 (ppm) 0.0468 NO3 (ppm) 0.2403 PO4 (ppm) 0.1178 TPO4 (ppm) 0.0335 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.0338

Fig.60. vaitarna Creek and its surroundings in Pargaon village at Palghar district Table.57. Water quality characteristics of Vaitarna creek in Dahiwale village at Palghar district

Vaitarna creek ( Dahiwale) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 26 pH 7.34 Water temperature( oC) 24.7 Salinity (ppt) 25 Turbidity (NTU) 4 DO (mg/l) 6.26 NH3 (ppm) 0.0035 NO2 (ppm) 0.0188 NO3 (ppm) 0.2143 PO4 (ppm) 0.1162 TPO4 (ppm) 0.042 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.1761

Fig.61. Vaitarna Creek and its surroundings in Dahiwale village at Palghar district 6. Thane District

Water quality in Vasai Creek at Malgipada, Uttan, Ghodbunder junction, Reti bunder, Kasheli, Kaler,dive[kevani], dive[Anjur], Kharbav village is given in Table 58 to 70 . Figures 62 indicates the creek and its surrounds. Figure 63 to 75 indicates the creek surroundings.

Fig.62.Creek/River and its surroundings in sample location at Thane district

Tab.58. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Malgipada village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( Malgipada) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 27 pH 7.22 Water temperature( oC) 25.1 Salinity (ppt) 25 Turbidity (NTU) 7 DO (mg/l) 2.88 NH3 (ppm) 1.3716 NO2 (ppm) 0.1837 NO3 (ppm) 0.8611 PO4 (ppm) 0.1495 TPO4 (ppm) 0.052 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.0256

Fig.63. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Malgipada village at Thane district Table.59. Water quality characteristics of creek in Uttan village at Thane district

Gorai creek (Uttan) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 27.5 pH 7.41 Water temperature( oC) 27.7 Salinity (ppt) 32 Turbidity (NTU) 3 DO (mg/l) 3.92 NH3 (ppm) 2.4192 NO2 (ppm) 0.2752 NO3 (ppm) 0.6692 PO4 (ppm) 0.3654 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1598 Chlorophyll mg/m3 3.0874

Fig.64. Gorai Creek and its surroundings in Uttan village at Thane district Table.60. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Ghodbunder junction village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( Ghodbunder junction) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 28 pH 7.27 Water temperature( oC) 25.3 Salinity (ppt) 19 Turbidity (NTU) 3 DO (mg/l) 2.73 NH3 (ppm) 0.7731 NO2 (ppm) 0.586 NO3 (ppm) 1.7045 PO4 (ppm) 0.3502 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1189 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.8283

Fig.65. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Ghodbunder junction village at Thane district Table.61. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Reti bunder village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( Reti bunder) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 27 pH 7.22 Water temperature( oC) 24.9 Salinity (ppt) 16 Turbidity (NTU) 5 DO (mg/l) 2.91 NH3 (ppm) 1.6923 NO2 (ppm) 0.6037 NO3 (ppm) 1.7563 PO4 (ppm) 0.2218 TPO4 (ppm) 0.133 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.7693

Fig.66. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Reti bunder village at Thane district Table.62. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Kasheli village at Thane district Vasai creek ( Kasheli) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 30 pH 8 Water temperature( oC) 24.9 Salinity (ppt) 15 Turbidity (NTU) 51 DO (mg/l) 0.38 NH3 (ppm) 2.3294 NO2 (ppm) 0.4855 NO3 (ppm) 1.4156 PO4 (ppm) 0.1667 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1542 Chlorophyll mg/m3 1.8119

Fig.67. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Kasheli village at Thane district Table.63. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Kasheli village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( Kasheli) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 30 pH 8 Water temperature( oC) 24.9 Salinity (ppt) 15 Turbidity (NTU) 36 DO (mg/l) 0.19 NH3 (ppm) 2.4336 NO2 (ppm) 0.3267 NO3 (ppm) 1.1331 PO4 (ppm) 0.2518 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1986 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.6986

Fig.68. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Kasheli village at Thane district Table.64. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Kasheli village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( Kasheli) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 31 pH 7.7 Water temperature( oC) 24.6 Salinity (ppt) 14 Turbidity (NTU) 14 DO (mg/l) 0.73 NH3 (ppm) 2.5154 NO2 (ppm) 0.3286 NO3 (ppm) 0.9342 PO4 (ppm) 0.2363 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1752 Chlorophyll mg/m3 1.3418

Fig.69. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Kasheli village at Thane district Table.65. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Kaler village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( Kaler) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 26 pH 8 Water temperature( oC) 25 Salinity (ppt) 18 Turbidity (NTU) 12 DO (mg/l) 0.86 NH3 (ppm) 1.9455 NO2 (ppm) 0.4314 NO3 (ppm) 1.3256 PO4 (ppm) 0.2439 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1842 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.7607

Fig.70. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Kaler village at Thane district Table.66. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in dive[kevani] village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( dive-kevani) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 27 pH 7.3 Water temperature( oC) 25 Salinity (ppt) 16 Turbidity (NTU) 3 DO (mg/l) 1.88 NH3 (ppm) 2.4192 NO2 (ppm) 0.2113 NO3 (ppm) 0.6974 PO4 (ppm) 0.2274 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1696 Chlorophyll mg/m3 3.2899

Fig.71. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in dive[kevani] village at Thane district Table.67. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in dive kevani village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( dive-kevani) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 35 pH 7.7 Water temperature( oC) 27 Salinity (ppt) 16 Turbidity (NTU) 7 DO (mg/l) 1.13 NH3 (ppm) 2.3412 NO2 (ppm) 0.397 NO3 (ppm) 1.2141 PO4 (ppm) 0.2446 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1659 Chlorophyll mg/m3 1.5289

Fig.72. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in dive kevani village at Thane district Table.68. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in dive kevani village at Thane district

Vasai creek ( dive-kevani) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 34.5 pH 7.2 Water temperature( oC) 25 Salinity (ppt) 15 Turbidity (NTU) 34 DO (mg/l) NH3 (ppm) 2.534 NO2 (ppm) 0.2292 NO3 (ppm) 0.6891 PO4 (ppm) 0.2667 TPO4 (ppm) 0.2218 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.8366

Fig.73. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in dive kevani village at Thane district Table.69. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in Kharbav village at Thane district

Vasai creek (Kharbav) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 25 pH 8.1 Water temperature( oC) 26 Salinity (ppt) 21 Turbidity (NTU) 5 DO (mg/l) 7.25 NH3 (ppm) 0.0384 NO2 (ppm) 0.0172 NO3 (ppm) 0.0431 PO4 (ppm) 0.3047 TPO4 (ppm) 0.1088 Chlorophyll mg/m3 0.9682

Fig.74. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in Kharbav village at Thane district Table.70. Water quality characteristics of Vasai creek in dive Anjur village at Thane district

Vasai creek (dive-Anjur) Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics Characteristics Atmospheric temperature( oC) 28 pH 7.6 Water temperature( oC) 25 Salinity (ppt) 14 Turbidity (NTU) DO (mg/l) 1.18 NH3 (ppm) NO2 (ppm) NO3 (ppm) PO4 (ppm) TPO4 (ppm) Chlorophyll mg/m3

Fig.75. Vasai Creek and its surroundings in dive Anjur village at Thane district Table.71 . Villages covered on the assessment of waterbodies for aquaculture

S.N District Suggested villages Villages covered o 1 Palghar Dahanu, Agavan, Asangaon, Asangaon, Agavan, Chandigone, Ghivali, Pamtambi, Chandigaon, Ghivali, Dandi, Dapoli, Vikaswadi, Karvele, Dapoli, Makunsar, Karvele, Pargaon, Vikaswadi, Pamtembi. Dahiwale. 2 Raigad Gofan, Majre-Islampur Bhal, Tamsi(Boisar), Hashivare, (Nidi), Salav, Galsure, Shirkichal, Kihim, Kurul, Kudgaon. Navedarbeli, Morkhol, Agrav(Revdanda), Bhonang, Majre-Islampur (Nidi), Salav, Gofan, Uchal, Kandane, Khajaniwadi, Galsure, Kalinje, Kurawade, Pangol, Kudgaon.

3 Ratnagiri Songaon, Gadnaral Peve, Ravatoli, Kelshi, Aade, Mayekarwadi,, Nachne, Wadi, Juikar Mohalla, Murdi, Kasari, Donavali, Songaon, Maldoli, Gangrai, Gangrai, Lonai-Cheveli Donavali, Power Wadi, Lonai- Bandar, Peve , Tavasal Cheveli Bandar, Dabhol, Khurd, Juikar Mohalla, Tavasal Khurd, Kudli, Aade Gadnaral, Kasari, Saitvadi, Voraiyudi, Mayekarwadi, Kasarveli, Nava Someshwar, Nachne, Phansop, Muslimwadi, Purnagad, Bajarwadi, Agarwadi, Aadi, Pangera, Danda( Ansur), Amberi, 4 Sindhudurg Taramumbari, Tirlot, Tirlot, Giriye, Wada, Wadatar, Giriye, Tondavli, Shiroda Malai, Taramumbari, Mithbav, Redi, Parule, Nivti. Morve, Achara, Tondavli, Hadi, Ozar, Kolamb, Chivla, Karali, Parule, Nivti, Vengurla, Mochimad, Tank, Shiroda, Redi. 5 Thane Dive (Kevane), Maljipada, Gorai, Ghodbunder Kharbav, Junction, Reti Bunder, Kasheli, Dive (Anjur), Kaler, Dive (Kevane), Kevane Kasheli, Uttan. Kharbav, Dive (Anjur), Uttan.

Water quality characteristics analysis for the creeks in Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad are in progress. Mapping of resources using satellite data also in progress. Satellite data interpretation for resource identification has been initiated.