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Evening Standard Anthony, James and Oliver Poole ‘UN PEACE PLAN IS STILL THE BEST HOPE FOR SYRIA, SAYS HAGUE’ The , 28 May 2012 Howie, Michael ‘UN CHIEF: FLOOD OF ARMS TO SYRIA THREATENS WHOLE REGION’ The Evening Standard, 8 October 2012 Rashid, Razaq ‘DOZENS KILLED AND INJURED BY 'TERROR BOMBS' IN SYRIA CAPITAL’ The Evening Standard, 10 May 2012

The Guardian Adetunji, Jo ‘Ankara vows to take 'necessary action' after Syria shoots down Turkish jet’, , 24 June 2012. Agencies ‘Rebels unite to oust Assad and turn Syria into a democracy’, The Guardian, 3 October 2011. Aita, Samir ‘Syria after Assad’, The Guardian, 23 July 2012. Al Bayanouni, Ali ‘Assad's myth needs busting: He is not defending Syria from sectarian tensions’, The Guardian, 4 August 2011. Ali, Nour ‘Pro-Assad mobs attack US, French embassies’, The Guardian, 12 July 2011. Ali, Nour ‘Assad loyalists besiege US and French embassies in Damascus: Syrian regime angered by diplomats' visits to Hama US accuses government of slow response to violence’, The Guardian, 12 July 2011. Ali, Nour ‘Protesters demand UN's help, but action against Assad is unlikely’, The Guardian, 27 August 2011. Ali, Nour and Ian Black ‘Syrians bury the dead in their gardens as tanks attack again’, The Guardian, 2 August 2011. Ali, Nour and Martin Chulov ‘Syria ignores protests over Latakia siege’, The Guardian, 17 August 2011. Ali, Nour and Martin Chulov ‘Syria's president defies pressure to resign and blames protesters for rising violence’, The Guardian, 22 August 2011. Allaf, Rime ‘Qatar's influence increases in the Middle East’, TheGuardian.com, 15 December 2011. Atwan, Abdel Bari, ‘The Arab League has misjudged its actions on Syria’ The Guardian, 13 February 2012. Atwan, Abdel Bari, ‘The Syrian peace plan has been blown out of the water’ The Guardian, 14 May 2012. Atwan, Abdel Bari, Michael Weiss, Shashank Joshi and Mehdi Hasan ‘Syria: what can be done?’ TheGuardian.com, 10 February 2012. Barber, Benjamin ‘Libya's revolution has triumphed, but will democracy?’, TheGuardian.com, 21 October 2011. Barder, Brian ‘Letter: Syria and the problem of responsibility to protect’, The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Batty, David ‘Syria suspended from Arab League’, TheGuardian.com, 12 November 2011. Batty, David ‘Syrian opposition groups unite to chart roadmap to democracy’, TheGuardian.com, 31 December 2011. Batty, David ‘UN general assembly backs call for Assad to quit as Syrian president’, The Guardian, 16 February 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Shoot the journalists: Syria's lesson from the Arab spring’, The Guardian, 26 February 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Failure of Syria peace plan 'risks wider regional conflict'’, The Guardian, 30 June 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Syria crisis talks remain deadlocked'’, The Guardian, 30 June 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Claims that Syria has used sarin gas should be treated with caution’, The Guardian, 25 April 2013. Beaumont, Peter ‘We have a duty to protect people from slaughter. But when, where ... and how?’, The Guardian, 5 May 2013. Beaumont, Peter ‘Israeli jets hit missile shipment from Syria to Hezbollah’, The Guardian, 5 May 2013. Beaumont, Peter ‘The dangers of a disunited front’, The Guardian, 31 May 2013. Beaumont, Peter ‘Conflict in the Middle East is about more than just religion’, The Guardian, 9 June 2013. Beaumont, Peter ‘Syria chemical attack puts focus on international community's paralysis’, The Guardian, 21 August 2013. Beaumont, Peter ‘Assad regime has no fear of west's reaction’, The Guardian, 22 August 2013. Beaumont, Peter and Mona Mahmood ‘Syria: Humanitarian crisis looms as army stops Red Cross entering’, The Guardian, 3 March 2012. Beaumont, Peter and Shiv Malik ‘Syria crisis: Geneva talks sound death knell for Assad regime’, The Guardian, 1 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘A step closer to illegitimacy’, The Guardian, 21 January 2011. Black, Ian ‘Failure of diplomacy may mean escalation on the ground’, The Guardian, 6 October 2011. Black, Ian ‘Arab call to work with the west for diplomatic solution’, The Guardian, 17 November 2011. Black, Ian ‘Syria defiant in face of Arab outrage at crackdown: Damascus ignores warning from Arab League’, The Guardian, 18 November 2011. Black, Ian ‘UN security council must act against Syria, say France and Turkey’, TheGuardian.com, 18 November 2011. Black, Ian ‘Damascus delays efforts to send in monitors’, The Guardian, 19 November 2011. Black, Ian ‘Hague meets rebels’, The Guardian, 22 November 2011. Black, Ian ‘Syria defiant as Arab League votes for financial sanctions’, The Guardian, 28 November 2011. Black, Ian ‘Bashar al-Assad insists killings and torture in Syria are beyond his control’, TheGuardian.co.uk, 7 December 2011. Black, Ian ‘Assad rules, but public show of invincibility fools no one’, The Guardian, 17 January 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria crisis: west seeks support for UN resolution against Assad’, The Guardian, 24 January 2012. Black, Ian ‘West seeks UN resolution to oust Assad’, The Guardian, 25 January 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria hurtling towards a bloodier crisis’, The Guardian, 29 January 2012. Black, Ian ‘Hopes pinned on UN as fears of bloodier crisis grow’, The Guardian, 30 January 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria presents an opportunity for the Arab League to make its presence felt’, The Guardian, 31 January 2012. Black, Ian ‘West softens demands ahead of UN vote on Syria’, The Guardian, 2 February 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria on brink of civil war as diplomacy fails to dislodge Assad’, The Guardian, 5 February 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria's nod to UN peace plan greeted with scepticism’, The Guardian, 27 March 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria crisis: US urges Saudis to support diplomacy to end bloodshed’, The Guardian, 30 March 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria: Clinton warning to Assad but west's threats ring hollow’, The Guardian, 2 April 2012. Black, Ian ‘Assad warned of 'other options' if he fails to allow observers’, The Guardian, 20 April 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria is looking more like Bosnia 20 years ago’, The Guardian, 28 May 2012. Black, Ian ‘Assad knows that he can kill civilians with virtual impunity’, The Guardian, 29 May 2012. Black, Ian ‘Moscow blocks UN support for military intervention in Syria after Houla massacre’, The Guardian, 31 May 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria's latest massacre leaves Annan's peace plan in tatters’, The Guardian, 8 June 2012. Black, Ian ‘As Annan plan falters, Russia remains key’, The Guardian, 8 June 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syrian regime engages in systematic torture, says report’, The Guardian, 3 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘Kofi Annan attacks Russia and west's 'destructive competition' over Syria’, The Guardian, 6 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria crisis: Clinton lambasts China and Russia as Kofi Annan urges unity’, The Guardian, 7 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria working to secure chemical weapons, say Israeli officials’, The Guardian, 13 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘Syria insists chemical weapons would only be used against outside forces’, TheGuardian.com, 24 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘Splits widen within Syrian opposition’, The Guardian, 26 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘Divided rebels look beyond overthrow of Assad regime’, The Guardian, 26 July 2012. Black, Ian ‘For the record, Russia and China failed Syria’, The Guardian, 9 August 2012. Black, Ian ‘Analysis All sides have reasons to show restraint’, The Guardian, 5 October 2012. Black, Ian ‘Review: Non-fiction: Assad on the brink’, The Guardian, 6 October 2012. Black, Ian ‘Turkey backs veteran Syrian politician as Assad replacement’, The Guardian, 7 October 2012. Black, Ian ‘MPs write to William Hague over UK military action in Syria’, The Guardian, 19 December 2012. Black, Ian ‘Barack Obama visits Jordan amid red faces at King Abdullah's comments’, The Guardian, 22 March 2013. Black, Ian ‘Will chemical weapons in Syria be the 'red line' Barack Obama Linking promised?’, The Guardian, 23 April 2013. Black, Ian ‘Netanyahu sticks to his 'red lines'’, The Guardian, 6 May 2013. Black, Ian ‘Saudi Arabia: Syrian rebels must be armed’, The Guardian, 25 June 2013. Black, Ian ‘Assad the survivor defiant and calculating in face of imminent western intervention’, The Guardian, 29 August 2013. Black, Ian and Julian Borger ‘Foreign intervention: Covert action plan could be 'explosive', analysts warn’, The Guardian, 8 February 2012. Black, Ian and Julian Borger ‘Syrian armed rebels take fight to government troops in Damascus’, The Guardian, 17 July 2012. Black, Ian and Martin Chulov ‘Syria crisis: Three of Assad's top chiefs killed in rebel bomb strike’, The Guardian, 19 July 2012. Black, Ian and Martin Chulov ‘Syria: Bashar al-Assad swears in minister as diplomacy stalls at UN’, The Guardian, 20 July 2012. Black, Ian and Saeed Kamali ‘Iran tries to shore up 'axis of resistance' behind Assad’, The Guardian, 8 August 2012. Black, Ian and Chris McGreal ‘Expulsions pile pressure on Syrian regime’, The Guardian, 30 May 2012. Black, Ian and Chris McGreal ‘Russia accused as UN says Syria is in state of civil war’, The Guardian, 13 June 2012. Black, Ian and Nidaa Hassan ‘Amid talk of reform and a pro-regime rally, troops move in to crush protest’, The Guardian, 16 June 2011. Black, Ian and Peter Walker ‘Syrian protesters demand action to halt Assad killings’, The Guardian, 2 August 2011. Black, Ian and Matthew Weaver ‘Syrian leaders hit back at US and Europe amid fierce fighting in Damascus suburbs’, The Guardian, 7 December 2012. Blix, Hans ‘The west has no mandate to act as a global policeman’, The Guardian, 29 August 2013. Bogdanor, Vernon ‘Srebrenica: Britain's guilt: It is time to admit that misguided UK policy contributed to Europe's worst atrocity since 1945’, The Guardian, 13 July 2012. Booth, Robert ‘Syria crisis: experts split over western intervention’, theguardian.com, 27 August 2013. Booth, Robert ‘Former UK military chiefs voice objections to attacks’, The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Booth, Robert ‘Legal doubt cast on British government's case for intervention’, theguardian.com, 29 August 2013. Borger, Julian ‘Syria ousts western diplomats’, The Guardian, 5 June 2012. Borger, Julian ‘Protection of civilians could justify action’, The Guardian, 27 August 2013. Borger, Julian ‘US in talks with Turkey on countering Syrian chemical weapons threat’, The Guardian, 24 August 2012. Borger, Julian ‘Hollande calls on Syrian rebel groups to form provisional government’, The Guardian, 28 August 2012. Borger, Julian ‘West has promised military aid, says Syrian opposition’, The Guardian, 13 November 2012. Borger, Julian ‘Turkey requests Nato missile defences amid Syria chemical weapons fears’, The Guardian, 2 December 2012. Borger, Julian ‘Turkey fears Syrian regime may turn to chemical weapons as desperate last resort’, The Guardian, 3 December 2012. Borger, Julian ‘Russians in Syria pose challenge to intervention’, The Guardian, 24 December 2012. Borger, Julian ‘Syrian rebels lift boycott and agree to talks’, The Guardian, 26 February 2013. Borger, Julian ‘Austria says UK push to arm Syrian rebels would violate international law’, The Guardian, 14 May 2013. Borger, Julian ‘Protection of civilians could justify action’, The Guardian, 27 August 2013. Borger, Julian ‘Syria intervention: key questions answered’, The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Borger, Julian ‘UN weapons inspectors to leave Syria a day early’, The Guardian, 29 August 2013. Borger, Julian and Ian Black ‘Arab uprisings: EU plans sanctions if Syria's violent repression goes on’, The Guardian, 27 April 2011 Borger, Julian, Martin Chulov and Miriam Elder ‘Arab uprisings: EU plans sanctions if Syria's violent repression goes on’, The Guardian, 26 June 2012 Borger, Julian and Tom Clark ‘US lacks world's trust, poll finds’, The Guardian, 12 September 2012. Borger, Julian and Dan Roberts ‘US finds evidence of sarin gas being used in Syria, says White House’, The Guardian, 26 April 2013. Borger, Julian and Dan Roberts ‘Pressure mounts on Assad as Russia joins call for UN to inspect scene of gas attack’, The Guardian, 24 August 2013. Borger, Julian and Harriet Sherwood ‘Russia defends sale of guided missiles to Assad regime’, The Guardian, 18 May 2013. Borger, Julian and Matthew Weaver ‘US backs plan to create united Syrian opposition that could join peace talks’, The Guardian, 3 November 2012. Bowring, Bill, Ray Bush, Dawn Chatty, John Gledhill and Max Gluckman ‘Reply: Letter: The legality of intervention in Syria’, The Guardian, 15 August 2012 Bueno Lacy, Rodrigo ‘Letter: Syria and foreign intervention’, The Guardian, 31 May 2012. Campbell, Menzies ‘Stalemate leaves few options’ The Guardian, 24 May 2013. Carroll, Roy and Matt Williams ‘Syria condemned by UN security council for Houla massacre’, The Guardian, 28 May 2012. Chamseddine, Fares ‘Assad cannot escape his fate’, The Guardian, 1 March 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘It is the right of the people to protest against tyrants’, The Guardian, 22 March 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Assad sacks cabinet and hints at reform in bid to quell anti-government protests’, The Guardian, 30 March 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Arab League issues first condemnation of Syria violence’, The Guardian, 15 June 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Syrian forces storm Homs as Assad defies international calls to step down’, The Guardian, 21 August 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Turkey imposes sanctions on Syria in protest over deaths’, The Guardian, 5 October 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Reform or quit, Russian president and supposed ally tells Syrian leader’, The Guardian, 8 October 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘China changes its tune as patience wanes’, The Guardian, 12 October 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Syria is heading towards civil war, UN warns’, The Guardian, 15 October 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Syria faces suspension from Arab League as deal to end violence fails’, The Guardian, 11 November 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Increasingly isolated Syria calls for urgent Arab League meeting over suspension’, The Guardian, 14 November 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Syrian army shoots down its own soldiers’, The Guardian, 22 December 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Russia votes against UN call for Houla inquiry’, The Guardian, 2 June 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘Syria rebels: 'There is no peace and there is no plan'’, The Guardian, 30 June 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘Syria: the point of no return’, The Guardian, 30 August 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘Syrian military building rocked by twin blasts’, The Guardian, 26 September 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘'No one should attempt to test us on this'’, The Guardian, 5 October 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘UN unanimously condemns Syrian shelling of Turkish town’, The Guardian, 5 October 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘Cameron starts to force the pace’, The Guardian, 13 November 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘Accusations of chemical warfare as rocket attack kills scores in Syria’, The Guardian, 20 March 2013. Chulov, Martin ‘Syrian troop withdrawal threatens Golan peace’, The Guardian, 8 April 2013. Chulov, Martin ‘Syria: why lifting arms embargo to supply rebels could be game-changing’, The Guardian, 28 May 2013. Chulov, Martin ‘Fighters have Kalashnikovs, but they want heat-seeking missiles’, The Guardian, 29 May 2013. Chulov, Martin ‘Syrian town of Qusair falls to Hezbollah in breakthrough for Assad’, The Guardian, 5 May 2013. Chulov, Martin ‘Qusair falls to Hezbollah-backed surge’, The Guardian, 6 June 2013. Chulov, Martin ‘Syria agrees to let UN inspect site of alleged chemical weapons attack’, The Guardian, 25 August 2013. Chulov, Martin and Ian Black ‘Arms supplies to Syrian rebels drying up’, The Guardian, 11 October 2012. Chulov, Martin, Robert Booth and Andrew Sparrow ‘Syria offer on UN team 'too little too late'’, The Guardian, 26 August 2013. Chulov, Martin and Phoebe Greenwood, ‘Syrian army pursues deserters as western powers sharpen rhetoric’, TheGuardian.com, 22 December 2011. Chulov, Martin and Phoebe Greenwood, ‘Syrian army shoots down its own soldiers’, The Guardian, 22 December 2011. Chulov, Martin and Nidaa Hassan ‘Syrian town empties as government tanks mass outside’, The Guardian, 8 June 2011. Chulov, Martin and Nidaa Hassan ‘Syrian troops bombard border town as refugees flee’, The Guardian, 13 June 2011. Chulov, Martin and Constanze Letsch ‘Turkey could create haven for Syrian refugees’, The Guardian, 16 March 2012. Chulov, Martin and Ewen MacAskill ‘Threat of armed uprising grows in Syria’, The Guardian, 6 October 2011. Chulov, Martin, Ewen MacAskill and John Densky ‘Saudis plan to fund rebel Syria army’, The Guardian, 23 June 2012. Chulov, Martin and Ian Traynor ‘Turkey turns artillery on Syria after mortar attack kills five’, The Guardian, 4 October 2012. Chulov, Martin and Matthew Weaver, ‘Dramatic day of diplomacy over Syria as Homs burns’, The Guardian, 25 February 2012. Chulov, Martin and Matthew Weaver, ‘Syria used helicopters and tanks in Tremseh 'massacre', confirms UN’, The Guardian, 13 July 2012. Chulov, Martin and Matthew Weaver, ‘UN officials head for Tremseh to investigate reports of massacre’, The Guardian, 14 July 2012. Cocker, Joseph ‘Letter: Still feeling the fallout from ’, The Guardian, 3 June 2013. Clark, David ‘Libyan intervention was a success, despite the aftermath's atrocities’, theguardian.com, 28 October 2011. Clark, Tom ‘US and UK public reject stronger military support for Syrian rebels’, theguardian.com, 22 March 2013. Cohen, Michael ‘The liberal case for Obama to strike the Syrian regime’, theguardian.com, 29 August 2013. Davis, David and Ibrahim El Mayet ‘Libya still needs Britain’, theGuardian.com, 21 March 2012. Davies, Lizzy ‘Syria violence: Hague calls for 'stronger international pressure' on Assad’, theGuardian.com, 1 August 2011. Davies, Lizzy ‘Syria deaths continue as UN considers condemnation’, theGuardian.com, 2 August 2011. Davies, Lizzy ‘Arab League to reveal Syria peace plan’, theGuardian.com, 2 November 2011. Davies, Lizzy ‘William Hague: we cannot rule out military action on Syria’, theGuardian.com, 1 June 2012. Denselowe, James ‘Bashar al-Assad: the dictator who cannot dictate’, theguardian.com, 11 May 2011. Diboll, Mike ‘Letter: Western intervention in the Arab spring’, The Guardian, 6 September 2011. Doyle, Chris ‘Syrians are well versed in the history of foreign occupation and interference, and do not trust the west's motives’, Theguardian.com, 14 June 2011. Doyle, Chris ‘Why foreign intervention is not welcome in Syria’, The Guardian, 14 June 2011. Doyle, Chris ‘Syria teeters on the brink’, theguardian.com, 1 August 2011. Doyle, Chris ‘Syrians have been let down by the UN’, Theguardian.com, 5 October 2011. Doyle, Chris ‘Syria is the Arab League's chance to prove itself’, Theguardian.com, 11 November 2011. Doyle, Chris ‘Kofi Annan's resignation is no surprise, his Syria peace plan undermined’, TheGuardian.com, 2 August 2012. Dreyfuss, Robert ‘Is Syria next for Nato?’, theguardian.com, 2 November 2011. Editorial, ‘Syria: States of emergency’, The Guardian, 21 April 2011. Editorial, ‘The Syrian impasse’, The Guardian, 19 August 2011. Editorial, ‘Libya and Tunisia: Two faces of the Arab spring’, The Guardian, 22 October 2011. Editorial, ‘Syria: Delaying the inevitable’, The Guardian, 1 November 2011. Editorial, ‘Syria: Losing Friends’, The Guardian, 15 November 2011. Editorial, ‘Syria: a Soviet hangover turned headache’, The Guardian, 1 February 2012. Editorial, ‘Syria: Russia on the wrong side’, The Guardian, 7 February 2012. Editorial, ‘Syria: Staring into a sectarian abyss’, The Guardian, 10 March 2012. 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Elder, Miriam, ‘Syria crisis: Western meddling is Russia's main fear’, The Guardian, 6 July 2012. Elder, Miriam, ‘Russia and US pledge Syria conference with both sides’, The Guardian, 7 May 2013. Elder, Miriam, ‘Cameron hails 'purposeful' talks with Putin on Syria’, The Guardian, 11 May 2013. Elder, Miriam, ‘Russia dismisses US claims of Syrian chemical weapons use’, The Guardian, 14 June 2013. Fattah, Khaled ‘A Yemen-style transition of power would not work in Syria’, The Guardian, 11 September 2012 Foley, Conor ‘Welcome to Brazil's version of 'responsibility to protect'’, The Guardian, 10 April 2012 Freedland, Jonathan ‘Though the risks are real, the case for interventionism remains strong’, The Guardian, 23 March 2011 Freedland, Jonathan ‘Why wait for politicians to oust foreign tyrants? Every one of us can do our bit’, The Guardian, 31 August 2011 Freedland, Jonathan ‘Syria is not Iraq. And it is not always wrong to intervene’, The Guardian, 11 February 2012 Freedland, Jonathan ‘The battle for Syria is a battle for the entire Middle East’, The Guardian, 21 February 2012 Garton-Ash, Timothy ‘Europe has left Syria to a distinctly Ottoman fate’, TheGuardian.com, 12 April 2012. Garton-Ash, Timothy ‘The road to Damascus may well run through Moscow’, The Guardian, 14 June 2012. Garton-Ash, Timothy ‘Politics has failed Syria. So how can we help its victims?’, The Guardian, 25 July 2013. Gerges, Fawaz ‘This is not a house of glass’, The Guardian, 26 July 2012. Gerges, Fawaz ‘On Assad's shoulders’, The Guardian, 23 August 2013. Glass, Charles ‘Syria can be saved by the subtle route of compromise’, The Guardian, 30 July 2012. Greenslade, Roy ‘Gaddafi's death - how the papers covered it, and what they say...’, TheGuardian.com, 21 October 2011. Greenslade, Roy ‘Will we bomb Syria? Yes, say press stories as they urge Cameron not to do it’, TheGuardian.com, 26 August 2013. Greenslade, Roy ‘FT urges action against Syria but other papers prefer diplomacy’, TheGuardian.com, 27 August 2013. Greenslade, Roy ‘Most newspapers warn Cameron not to launch an attack Syria’, TheGuardian.com, 29 August 2013. Greenslade, Roy ‘Why some of Murdoch's editorial choir are singing different tunes on Syria’, TheGuardian.com, 30 August 2013. Greenstock, Jeremy ‘The civil war is still to come’, The Guardian, 16 May 2013. Greenwald, Glenn ‘Cameron's attack on reflects the west's self-delusions’, TheGuardian.com, 31 January 2013. Hain, Peter ‘A diplomatic catastrophe’, The Guardian, 22 October 2012. Harding, Luke ‘Syria opposition to receive more assistance from Britain’, The Guardian, 6 March 2013. Harding, Luke ‘Britain to increase assistance to Syrian opposition’, The Guardian, 7 March 2013. Harding, Luke and agencies ‘Nato rules out imposing no-fly zone over Syria’, The Guardian, 31 October 2011. Harding, Luke and Martin Chulov ‘Syrian rebels fight Assad troops in Aleppo’, The Guardian, 22 July 2012. Harding, Luke, Mona Mahmood and Matthew Weaver ‘Aid to Homs blocked as Assad vows to fight on’, The Guardian, 7 March 2012. Harris, Paul, Martin Chulov, David Batty and Damien Pearse ‘Syria resolution vetoed by Russia and China at United Nations’, The Guardian, 4 February 2012. Hasan, Mehdi ‘The brave but divided opposition will have to take down Assad on their own’, The Guardian, 12 December 2011. Hassan, Nidaa and Ian Black ‘Syria: EU accused of meddling as it imposes sanctions’, The Guardian, 23 June 2011. Haytham, Manna ‘Change, or be changed: The young protesters in Syria will not be put off by President Bashar al-Assad's refusal to listen’ The Guardian, 31 March 2011. Haytham, Manna ‘Syrians can be reconciled’ The Guardian, 19 April 2013. Hearst, David ‘David Hearst: Russia isn't just protecting its business interests - it fears Syrian civil war could have knock-on effects in Dagestan and beyond’ TheGuardian.co.uk, 2 December 2011. Hearst, David ‘Syria and the battle for regional control’ TheGuardian.co.uk, 16 October 2012. Helm, Toby ‘Poll finds 60% of British public oppose UK military action against Syria’ TheGuardian.com, 31 August 2013. Higgins, Charlotte ‘Philosopher tells unblushing tale of his satphone call to arms in Libya’ The Guardian, 26 April 2012. Hoare, Marko Attila ‘Dangerous dithering: Western reluctance to back the Free Syrian Army demoralises its soldiers and strengthens al-Qaida’ The Guardian, 19 June 2012. Hoggart, Simon ‘Just don't mention the (Iraq) war’ The Guardian, 30 August 2013. Hopkins, Nick ‘Military action in Syria is still an unappealing prospect’ The Guardian, 1 June 2012. Hopkins, Nick ‘Cameron's urge 'to do something' in Syria resisted by defence staff’ The Guardian, 11 December 2012. Hopkins, Nick ‘PM's 'foreign fever' worries defence chief’ The Guardian, 12 December 2012. Hopkins, Nick ‘Defence chief will set out options for attacks by UK and US forces’ The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Ismail, Sawa ‘Syria's cultural revolution: In their peaceful uprising young people have found art, comedy and music to be weapons Assad fears’, The Guardian, 22 June 2011. Ismail, Sawa ‘Assad’s fall is inevitable: Syrians will not stop protesting till the regime is gone’, The Guardian, 26 August 2011. Ismail, Sawa ‘Assad's grip may be slipping but Syria remains at an impasse’, The Guardian, 19 July 2012. Jenkins, Simon ‘By merely bolstering the weaker side, we are prolonging Libya's civil war?’, The Guardian, 1 April 2011 Jenkins, Simon ‘Obama and Cameron must break this addiction to war’, The Guardian, 25 May 2011 Jenkins, Simon ‘Nightly we bomb Tripoli. Bar death, what do we achieve?’, The Guardian, 3 August 2011. Jenkins, Simon ‘The end is welcome. But it does not justify the means’, The Guardian, 24 August 2011 Jenkins, Simon ‘Imperial echoes have led us to a ruinous decade of wars’, The Guardian, 28 December 2011 Jenkins, Simon ‘This language of war won't help Syria escape its agony’, The Guardian, 20 July 2012 Jenkins, Simon ‘If only saying nothing were an option for Hague of the FO’, The Guardian, 7 December 2012 Jenkins, Simon ‘The greatest miscalculation since the rise of fascism’, The Guardian, 29 May 2013. Jenkins, Simon ‘It takes more courage to say there is nothing we can do’, The Guardian, 30 August 2013. Jones, Sam ‘British troops to Syria unlikely despite evidence of chemical weapons use - PM’, The Guardian, 26 April 2013. Joshi, Shashank ‘Razing Homs to the ground will only harden Syrian resistance’, The Guardian, 1 March 2012. Joshi, Shashank ‘The US must show evidence of Syria's use of chemical weapons’, The Guardian, 14 June 2013. Kamali, Saeed ‘Tehran supports the Arab spring ... but not in Syria’, The Guardian, 18 April 2011. Kamali, Saeed ‘Iran ready to talk if US shows 'goodwill', says new president’, The Guardian, 7 August 2013. Kamali, Saeed and Luke Harding ‘Morsi stuns Iran with impassioned plea to support the Syrian uprising’, The Guardian, 31 August 2012. Kampfner, John ‘Britain can't act on Syria till it faces up to the spectre of Iraq’, The Guardian, 26 August 2013. Kampfner, John ‘A new era's first tragedy’, The Guardian, 14 May 2013. Kampfner, John ‘Britain can't act on Syria till it faces up to the spectre of Iraq’, The Guardian, 26 August 2013. Kashmeri, Sarwar ‘UK support for military action in Syria is not in America's best interest’, The Guardian, 26 August 2012. Khanfar, Wadah ‘This may be the best chance to exit the Syrian quagmire’, The Guardian, 31 August 2012. Khanfar, Wadah ‘Break this stalemate’, The Guardian, 16 March 2013. Kettle, Martin ‘Yes, we are all war-weary. But it may come at a price’, The Guardian, 15 March 2012. Kettle, Martin ‘No military campaigns are the same, but legitimacy always matters’, The Guardian, 29 August 2013. Ledwidge, Frank ‘We can't just say 'arm Syrian rebels' - we must be clear what this means’, theguardian.com, 11 June 2013. Ledwidge, Frank ‘Syria intervention: the 5 questions MPs should ask’, theguardian.com, 28 August 2013. Lewis, Paul ‘Case for strike is unclear, say experts’, theguardian.com, 29 August 2013. Lewis, Paul, Martin Chulov, Julian Borger and Nicholas Watt ‘US will act against Assad’, The Guardian, 27 August 2013. Liu, Xiaoming ‘Why China voted no’, The Guardian, 10 February 2012. MacAskill, Ewan ‘US plans Syria sanctions after regime crackdown’, The Guardian, 26 April 2011. MacAskill, Ewan ‘US pulls ambassador Robert Ford out of Syria over security concerns’, The Guardian, 5 October 2011. MacAskill, Ewan ‘Syria sanctions: 'outraged' US seeks fresh resolution after double veto blow’, The Guardian, 24 October 2011. MacAskill, Ewan ‘US military has contingency for civilian safe havens if Syria violence escalates’, The Guardian, 19 April 2012. MacAskill, Ewan ‘International: Expectations low for Obama's visit’, The Guardian, 15 March 2012. MacAskill, Ewan ‘UN to study soil samples from refugee camps for proof of sarin’, The Guardian, 24 April 2013. MacAskill, Ewan ‘Syria's chemical weapons red line has troubling consequences - for Obama’, The Guardian, 26 April 2013. MacAskill, Ewan ‘Obama faces tough decisions on Syria as pressure for intervention mounts’, The Guardian, 13 May 2013. MacAskill, Ewan ‘Three new cases of chemical weapons use by Syrian regime, UN told’, The Guardian, 29 May 2013. MacAskill, Ewan ‘British letter to the UN details three new alleged incidents’, The Guardian, 30 May 2013. MacAskill, Ewan and Julian Borger ‘Britain backs UN's sarin gas inquiry in Syria’, The Guardian, 25 April 2013. Malik, Shiv ‘Abandon Trident, former UN weapons inspector tells Britain’, The Guardian, 27 May 2013. Manna, Haytham ‘Led astray by violence’, The Guardian, 23 June 2012. Marsh, Katherine, Matthew Taylor and Haroon Siddique ‘Blood on the streets as Assad aims to strike fatal blow against uprising’ The Guardian, 26 April 2011. Marsh, Katherine and Peter Walker ‘Syria: Government crackdown: Tanks head for Deraa as hundreds reported dead’ The Guardian, 28 April 2011. Mason, Rowena ‘Coalition loyalists point finger at Clegg as speech fails to convince’ The Guardian, 30 August 2013. McGreal, Chris ‘US shutters embassy in Syria as calls continue for Assad to step aside’ The Guardian, 6 February 2012. McGreal, Chris ‘Pentagon draws up 'internal review' as US searches for way to stop Syria killing’ The Guardian, 8 February 2012. McGreal, Chris ‘Houla massacre: US military warns Syria as pressure builds on Obama’ The Guardian, 28 May 2012. McGreal, Chris ‘Houla massacre: US accuses Iran of 'bragging' about its military aid to Syria’ The Guardian, 29 May 2012. McGreal, Chris ‘US threatens use of force in Syria after massacre’ The Guardian, 29 May 2012. McGreal, Chris ‘John McCain says US should be 'ashamed' of inaction over Syria conflict’ TheGuardian.com, 6 June 2012. McGreal, Chris ‘Clinton accuses Russia of delivering attack helicopters to Syrian regime’ The Guardian, 12 June 2012. McGreal, Chris ‘John Kerry uses Senate hearing to warn over elections’ The Guardian, 24 January 2013. McGreal, Chris, Martin Chulov, Luke Harding and Ewen MacAskill ‘Obama steps up pressure on Assad by recognising rebels’ The Guardian, 12 December 2012. McKenna, Peter ‘Reply: Letter: The legality of intervention in Syria’ The Guardian, 15 August 2012. Miles, Oliver ‘Do nothing is an option’ The Guardian, 17 August 2013. Miliband, Ed ‘ believe Britain can still make a difference in Syria’ The Guardian, 31 August 2013. Milne, Seamus ‘Libya's imperial hijacking is a threat to the Arab revolution’ The Guardian, 25 August 2011. Milne, Seamus ‘If this was about saving lives, it was a catastrophic failure’ The Guardian, 27 October 2011. Milne, Seamus ‘The 'Arab spring' and the west: seven lessons from history’ TheGuardian.com, 19 December 2011. Milne, Seamus ‘Intervention in Syria will escalate not stop the killing’ TheGuardian.com, 7 February 2012. Milne, Seamus ‘Foreign intervention will only shed more Syrian blood’ The Guardian, 6 June 2012. Milne, Seamus ‘Intervention is now driving Syria's descent into darkness’ The Guardian, 8 August 2012. Milne, Seamus ‘The only surprise is there aren't more violent protests’ The Guardian, 19 September 2012. Milne, Seamus ‘The Gulf protection racket is corrupt and dangerous folly’ The Guardian, 7 November 2012. Milne, Seamus ‘Intervention in Syria risks blowback and regional war’ The Guardian, 19 December 2012. Milne, Seamus ‘Make it impossible to inflict such barbarism again’ The Guardian, 20 March 2013. Milne, Seamus ‘Shaker Aamer and the dirty secrets of the war on terror’ The Guardian, 24 April 2013. Milne, Seamus ‘Cynical to the end, the west bleeds Syria to weaken Iran’ The Guardian, 8 May 2013. Milne, Seamus ‘Our wars fuel terror’ The Guardian, 29 May 2013. Milne, Seamus ‘An attack on Syria will only spread the war and killing’ The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Milne, Seamus, Mehdi Hassan and Shashank Joshi ‘What next? Three commentators assess options that could stop the bloodshed’ The Guardian, 10 February 2012 Nichol, John ‘Is it right to be intervening in Libya's struggle for freedom?’, 27 March 2011 Nineham, Chris ‘Letter: Fear and hope over ceasefire in Syria’, 13 April 2012 Norton-Taylor, Richard ‘US and Europe suffering 'strategic arthritis' over intervention’, TheGuardian.com, 6 September 2011. Norton-Taylor, Richard ‘Nato chief hails end of military operation in Libya’, The Guardian, 1 November 2011. Norton-Taylor, Richard ‘Syria: a potentially seminal moment for Parliament’, The Guardian, 29 August 2013. Ovenden, Kevin ‘Playing with fire in Syria’, The Guardian, 17 February 2012. Owen, David ‘We must hold firm on Libya’, The Guardian, 24 June 2011. Owen, David ‘What makes a dictator pack his bags?’, The Guardian, 21 August 2011. Owen, David ‘We can intervene in Syria - and with Russia's blessing’, The Guardian, 9 June 2012. Owen, David ‘Syria: the solution’, The Guardian, 4 May 2013. Owen, Paul and agencies ‘Syrian soldiers 'executed for refusal to target protesters'’, The Guardian, 10 September 2011. Perkins, Anne ‘Syria debate: five things we learned from last night's vote’, TheGuardian.com, 30 August 2013. Phillips, Chris ‘Can the Syrian regime crush the uprising?’, TheGuardian.com, 6 March 2012. Pickard, Derek ‘Letter: We must not ignore Syrias refugees’, The Guardian, 26 July 2013. Pilkington, Ed ‘McCain accuses White House of idling while Assad gains 'upper hand' in Syria’, TheGuardian.com, 2 June 2013. Preston, Peter and Abdelkader Benali ‘Is it right to be intervening in Libya's struggle for freedom?’, TheGuardian.com, 27 March 2011. Rahman al Shami, Abdur ‘Intervention Syrians trust’ The Guardian, 1 September 2011. Ramadani, Sami ‘Military intervention in Syria would be disastrous for its people’ TheGuardian.com, 3 July 2012. Richards, Steve ‘For a fragile leader, the past can be a treacherous guide’, The Guardian, 31 August 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘US ponders Syria options but urges caution over chemical weapons claims’ TheGuardian.com, 26 April 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘US and UK to wait on fresh evidence over Syria chemical weapons claims’ TheGuardian.com, 2 May 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘US reconsiders its opposition to arming Syrian rebels’ TheGuardian.com, 3 May 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘John McCain makes surprise visit to rebel leaders in Syria’ TheGuardian.com, 27 May 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘Obama's cautious approach to Syrian invervention sparks growing criticism’ TheGuardian.com, 30 May 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘US to boost aid to Iranian dissidents as countries jostle over Syria peace talks’ TheGuardian.com, 30 May 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘US hopeful Syria peace talks in Geneva will take place’ TheGuardian.com, 31 May 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘Obama appoints 'pragmatic' Susan Rice as US national security adviser’ TheGuardian.com, 5 June 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘Obama choice of national security adviser may signal new approach to Syria crisis’ The Guardian, 6 June 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘US considers Syria policy’ The Guardian, 12 June 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘Syria regime used chemical weapons against rebels, US officials say’ The Guardian, 13 June 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘US looks to G8 summit to build consensus over Syria’ The Guardian, 14 June 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘Syria's rebels to get military help from US’ The Guardian, 14 June 2013. Roberts, Dan ‘Obama calls alleged Syria chemical attack a 'big event of grave concern'’ The Guardian, 23 August 2013. Roberts, Dan and Julian Borger ‘Western powers face dilemma over latest evidence for use of chemical weapons’ The Guardian, 27 April 2013. Roberts, Dan and Julian Borger ‘US looks to overseas allies for united response to attack’ The Guardian, 23 August 2013. Rogers, Paul ‘Syria: last chance for diplomacy’ The Guardian, 6 December 2012. Ross, Carne ‘What we can do to bring down dictators’ The Guardian, 13 June 2011 Ross, Carne ‘On Syria, the west needs a better choice than do nothing or direct intervention’ The Guardian, 22 March 2013. Ross, Elliot ‘Failed states are a western myth’ The Guardian, 28 June 2013. Rozenberg, Joshua ‘Syria intervention: it may not be wise, but using force may be lawful’ The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Sabbagh, Dan ‘Al-Jazeera's political independence questioned amid Qatar intervention’ The Guardian, 30 September 2012. Salimi, Qasim ‘The long shadow of Iraq looms over intervention in Libya’ The Guardian, 27 June 2011. Samih Khalidi, Ahmed ‘Those who say arm Syria's opposition are making a dangerous assumption’ The Guardian, 12 July 2013. Seale, Patrick ‘If Assad falls, we will see all the region's alliances unravel’ The Guardian, 12 April 2011. Seale, Patrick ‘This is no plan for peace’ The Guardian, 28 May 2012. Seale, Patrick ‘Syria's new rebel coalition still has its old problems’ The Guardian, 15 November 2012. Seymour, Richard ‘Gaddafi is stronger than ever in Libya’ TheGuardian.com, 29 July 2011. Sherwood, Harriet ‘Retaliation threat to Israel after bombing raid on Syrian target’ The Guardian, 1 February 2013. Sherwood, Harriet ‘Syria crisis: international views on intervention’ The Guardian, 26 August 2013. Sherwood, Harriet ‘Israeli intelligence 'intercepted Syrian regime talk about chemical attack'’ The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Sherwood, Harriet and Ian Black ‘Obama wins Israeli apology to Turkey for flotilla dead’ The Guardian, 23 March 2013. Sherwood, Harriet and Ewen MacAskill ‘Syria accused of using nerve gas sarin’ The Guardian, 24 April 2013. Skelton, Charlie ‘The Syrian opposition: who's doing the talking?’ TheGuardian.com, 12 July 2011 Sky, Emma ‘Six important lessons from Iraq that the west ignores at its peril’ TheGuardian.com, 12 March 2013. Smith, David ‘Leaders fly in to proclaim Gaddafi's overthrow a beacon for the region’, The Guardian, 16 September 2011. Spencer, Claire ‘Syria's strange bedfellows’, The Guardian, 27 March 2013. Steele, Jonathan ‘After Libya, let us learn to count every casualty of war’, The Guardian, 16 September 2011. Steele, Jonathan ‘Without an amnesty, Assad won't step down peacefully’, The Guardian, 18 November 2011. Steele, Jonathan ‘Syria's story does not have to follow the Libyan script’, The Guardian, 26 December 2011. Steele, Jonathan ‘Most Syrians back Assad. But we never hear about it’, The Guardian, 18 January 2012. Steele, Jonathan ‘Syria might need its own Mandela to end this war’, The Guardian, 20 March 2012. Steele, Jonathan ‘Syria's deadlock can be broken only by an arms embargo’, The Guardian, 10 July 2012. Steele, Jonathan ‘What hope for Syria?’, The Guardian, 29 October 2012. Steele, Jonathan ‘End this bloodshed’, The Guardian, 1 February 2013. Steele, Jonathan ‘Kerry's Syria problem’, The Guardian, 26 February 2013. Stephen, Chris ‘William Hague urges UN resolution on Syrian breaches of peace plan’, The Guardian, 16 July 2012. Stephens, Michael ‘What is Qatar doing in Syria?’, The Guardian, 8 August 2012. Stratton, Allegra ‘Assad should go for the sake of the Syrian people, says Clegg’, theguardian.co.uk, 22 August 2011. Straw, Jack ‘Britain did not turn away from Syria. The case for action was not made’, theguardian.co.uk, 30 August 2011. The Guardian, ‘Mission impossible: Barack Obama's Middle East speech’, The Guardian, 18 May 2011. The Guardian, ‘Middle East: Obama weaves an uncertain path’, The Guardian, 20 May 2011. The Guardian, ‘Arab uprising: The case for intervention: How Syria and Libya compare’, The Guardian, 29April, 2011. The Guardian, ‘Syria, Egypt and Middle East unrest - Wednesday 21 December’, TheGuardian.com, 21 December 2011. The Guardian, ‘Arab League considers extending mission’, The Guardian, 20 January 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria: opposition rejects call for dialogue - Friday 9 March’, TheGuardian.com, 9 March 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria 'accepts Annan peace plan'’, TheGuardian.com, 27 March 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria: Heavy fighting amid claims of troop withdrawals’, TheGuardian.com, 5 April 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria ceasefire fragile, says UN chief - Thursday 12 April’, TheGuardian.com, 12 April 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria: Damascus explosions - Thursday 10 May’, TheGuardian.com, 10 May 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria crisis: UNHRC emergency meeting - Friday 1 June’, TheGuardian.com, 1 June 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria 'to admit aid workers' – Wednesday 6 June’, TheGuardian.com, 6 June 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syrian forces bombard rebels near Latakia’, TheGuardian.com, 10 June 2012. The Guardian, ‘Egypt reels from 'judicial coup' - Friday 15 June 2012’, TheGuardian.com, 15 June 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria crisis: Kofi Annan proposes unity government - Thursday 28 June 2012’, TheGuardian.com, 28 June 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria crisis: Assad strikes back with jets in Aleppo and Damascus - Wednesday 25 July 2012’, TheGuardian.com, 25 July 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria crisis: Aleppo battle looms - Thursday 26 July 2012’, TheGuardian.com, 26 July 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria crisis: US fears Aleppo 'massacre' - Friday 27 July 2012’, TheGuardian.com, 27 July 2012. The Guardian, ‘Key players: Leaders of a disparate group’, The Guardian, 26 July 2012. The Guardian, ‘Cameron to raise Syria, but will Putin focus on judo?’, The Guardian, 2 August 2012. The Guardian, ‘Two-edged summit in Tehran: Non-Aligned Movement’, The Guardian, 30 August 2012. The Guardian, ‘Syria no-fly zone would violate international law, says Russia’, The Guardian, 15 June 2013. The Guardian, ‘Nick Clegg warns on Syria’, The Guardian, 20 June 2013. The Guardian, ‘SYRIA'S ASSAD IS STRONGER NOW SAYS CAMERON’, The Guardian, 21 July 2013. The Guardian, ‘UK and US move closer to intervention’, TheGuardian.com, 26 August 2013. Tisdall, Simon ‘Assad condemned for tank and helicopter gunship onslaught on Syria's own people’, The Guardian, 13 June 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘World briefing: Sucking Britain into a war zone’, The Guardian, 13 June 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘The aftermath of the Arab spring’, TheGuardian.com, 6 July 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘Hillary Clinton circumnavigates a diminishing sphere of US influence’, The Guardian, 14 July 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘World briefing: A high-minded tone - and an eye to future rewards’, The Guardian, 16 September 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘Libya: Dice rolled kindly to turn high-risk venture into Cameron's lucky war’, The Guardian, 14 October 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘World briefing: Roadmap to Assad's survival’, The Guardian, 3 November 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘Syria's rebuff threatens the Arab League with relegation’, The Guardian,7 November 2011. Tisdall, Simon ‘World briefing: Western conspiracy to do nothing’, The Guardian, 9 February 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Obama and Nato should act before the Syria crisis spreads further’, The Guardian, 10 April 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Syria: why Russia changed tack’, The Guardian, 28 May 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Unpredictable Morsi speaks for the world on Syria, but how will the world respond?’, The Guardian, 31 August 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Western support for Afghanistan war collapsing, survey shows’, The Guardian, 27 September 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Expect more talk - but little action just yet’, Theguardian.com, 12 September 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Syria and Turkey: How long can the world’s great powers sit on their hands?’, Theguardian.com, 4 October 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Major powers must act now to prevent disaster in Syria, says Turkey’, The Guardian, 20 October 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Surprise meeting signals shift on Syria’, The Guardian, 26 October 2012. Tisdall, Simon ‘Barack Obama is running out of time to end Middle East dithering’, The Guardian, 7 May 2013. Tisdall, Simon ‘World briefing: Syria crisis has forced timid Obama into a corner’, The Guardian, 8 May 2013. Tisdall, Simon ‘EU decision to arm Syria's rebels could prove a gamble too far’, The Guardian, 28 May 2013. Toynbee, Polly ‘Ed Miliband’s Syria dilemma’, The Guardian, 28 August 2013. Toynbee, Polly ‘No 10 curses, but Britain's illusion of empire is over’, The Guardian, 30 August 2013. Tran, Mark ‘Arab League states: a recent history of protests’. The Guardian, 22 March 2011 Tran, Mark ‘Syria's 'huge and urgent unmet needs' push NGOs to launch emergency appeal’. The Guardian, 20 March 2013. Traynor, Ian ‘Syrian shelling of Turkish village condemned by Nato and Pentagon’. The Guardian, 4 October 2012. Urquhart, Conal ‘Syrian leaders will not be allowed amnesty, says UN human rights chief’. The Guardian, 2 June 2012 Urquhart, Conal ‘Blair calls for west to intervene in Syria conflict’. The Guardian, 15 June 2013. Urquhart, Conal and agencies ‘Arab League suspends Syria monitoring mission’. The Guardian, 28 January 2011 Walker, Peter ‘Israel carries out second air strike in Syria’, The Guardian, 5 May 2013. Walker, Peter and Iain Black ‘Shelling continues as deadline passes’, The Guardian, 10 April 2012. Warham, Olivia ‘Genocide needs to be nipped in the bud, not blamed on ICC after the event’, The Guardian, 21 December 2012. Watt, Nicholas ‘Blair calls for regime change in Iran and Syria’, The Guardian, 9 September 2011. Watt, Nicholas ‘'Imperfect democracy' no bar to Afghan exit, PM warns’, The Guardian, 14 March 2012. Watt, Nicholas ‘Cameron tells Assad: leave now or watch Syria fall into war’, The Guardian, 19 July 2012. Watt, Nicholas ‘David Cameron to challenge Vladimir Putin over Syria during Olympic visit’, The Guardian, 27 July 2012. Watt, Nicholas ‘Cameron echoes Obama's warning to Syria over chemical weapons’, The Guardian, 23 August 2012. Watt, Nicholas ‘Cameron attacks UN for inaction on Syria’, The Guardian, 26 September 2012. Watt, Nicholas ‘Cameron aping Blair over Syria intervention, ministers fear’, The Guardian, 7 June 2013. Watt, Nicholas ‘Cameron and Clegg pave the way for UK role in Syria strike’, The Guardian, 27 August 2013. Watt, Nicholas ‘UK intelligence blames Assad regime for chemical attacks’, The Guardian, 29 August 2013. Watt, Nicholas ‘Cameron forced to rule out British attack on Syria after MPs reject motion’, The Guardian, 29 August 2013. Watt, Nicholas ‘Blow to Cameron's authority as MPs rule out British assault on Syria’, The Guardian, 30 August 2013. Watt, Nicholas ‘UK-US special relationship in danger, warns Philip Hammond’, The Guardian, 30 August 2013. Watt, Nicholas and Ian Black ‘Cameron seeks rethink on Syria arms ban’, The Guardian, 8 November 2012. Watt, Nicholas and Martin Chulov ‘Al-Qaida affiliates operating in Syria, says Hague’, The Guardian, 12 June 2012. Wearing, David ‘In defence of Iraq syndrome: liberal values never drive intervention’, theguardian.com, 3 April 2012. Weaver, Matthew ‘Sarkozy and Cameron visit Tripoli’, theguardian.com, 15 September 2011. Weaver, Matthew ‘Libya, Syria and Middle East unrest - live updates’, theguardian.com, 16 September 2011. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria accused of crimes against humanity’, theguardian.com, 11 November 2011. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria: Arab League visit - Thursday 22 December’, theguardian.com, 22 December 2011. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria: Qatar and splinter group back arming resistance - live updates’, theguardian.com, 28 February 2012. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria: deputy oil minister defects’, theguardian.com, 8 March 2012. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria: new 'massacre' in Homs as diplomacy stalls’, theguardian.com, 12 March 2012. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria: Idlib falls as opposition splits’, theguardian.com, 14 March 2012. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria opposition rift widens - live updates’, theguardian.com, 17 May 2012. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria crisis: top defection as 'Friends of Syria' meet - Friday 6 July 2012’, theguardian.com, 6 June 2012. Weaver, Matthew ‘Syria crisis: chemical weapon warning - Monday 23 July 2012’, theguardian.com, 23 July 2012. Whitaker, Brian ‘Saudi Arabia's message to Syria, decoded’, The Guardian, 8 August 2011. Whitaker, Brian ‘Syria's stalemate raises the spectre of civil war’, TheGuardian.com, 15 September 2011. Whitaker, Brian ‘While Arab League monitors have failed to stop the bloodshed, this may be preferable to protracted talks about political 'reform'’, TheGuardian.com, 9 January 2012. Whitaker, Brian ‘Syrians should beware of some of their foreign 'friends'’, TheGuardian.com, 26 February 2012. White, Michael ‘Kofi Annan quits over Syria impasse: this time we're all at fault’, TheGuardian.com, 3 August 2012. White, Michael ‘Syrians paying the price for failures of Iraq war’, TheGuardian.com, 20 March 2013. White, Michael ‘The Syria dilemma: we don't want it turning into another Sarajevo 1914’, TheGuardian.com, 29 August 2013. White, Michael ‘After a decade of distancing, just how special is this relationship?’, The Guardian, 30 August 2013. Williams, Matt ‘Kerry: Syria developments 'threaten to put settlement out of reach'’, The Guardian, 15 June 2013. Wintour, Patrick ‘ says west needs wider plan for Middle East’, The Guardian, 9 June 2011. Wintour, Patrick ‘Cameron and Sarkozy to discuss help for Syrian rebels’, The Guardian, 13 February 2012. Wintour, Patrick ‘Obama and Putin call for end to violence in Syria’, The Guardian, 18 June 2012. Wintour, Patrick ‘Syrian regime used sarin against opposition at least twice, says Cameron’, The Guardian, 14 June 2013. Wintour, Patrick and Nick Hopkins ‘Hague to outline plans for UK to support Syrian opposition’, The Guardian, 16 November 2012. Wintour, Patrick and Ewen MacAskill ‘Obama fails to secure support from Putin on solution to Syria crisis’, The Guardian, 19 June 2012. Wollaston, Sarah ‘A military strike could escalate into a wider conflict with many hundreds of thousands more victims and no exit strategy’, The Guardian, 30 August 2013. Yassin-Kassib, Robin ‘fter all this bloodshed, there is no going back for Syrians’, The Guardian, 17 June 2011.

The Observer Ashour, Omar ‘Egypt: in mortal peril or has the army averted chaos?’, The Observer, 7 July 2013. Beaumont, Peter ‘One year on: chaotic Libya reveals the perils of humanitarian intervention’, The Observer, 19 February 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Assad snubs Arab League's peace plea and launches fresh shelling of rebel district’, The Observer, 11 March 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘UN security council clears way to send 300 observers to Syria’, The Observer, 21 April 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Russia backs Assad's departure 'if that is what Syrians want'’, The Observer, 10 June 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Bashar al-Assad's fate left open after Syria crisis talks’, The Observer, 30 June 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘In Focus: From Shard to Syrian war’, The Observer, 8 July 2012. Beaumont, Peter ‘Don't blame Annan when the superpowers can't make up their minds what to do’, The Observer, 5 August 2012. Black, Ian ‘Russia's veto on Syria sidelines UN as diplomatic options run out’, The Observer, 5 February 2012. Boffey, Daniel ‘Only a quarter of Britons back Hague on arming Syrian rebels’, The Observer, 2 June 2013. Chulov, Martin ‘Syrian border patrols send 'keep out' message to Turkey as reports grow of Iran's intervention’, The Observer, 21 August 2011. Chulov, Martin ‘Massacre of the children as Syrian forces hit rebels’, The Observer, 27 May 2012. Chulov, Martin ‘As artillery fire nearby, Assad issues defiant message’, The Observer, 19 May 2013. Cohen, Nick ‘Europe's support for Arab rebels is shamefully late’, The Observer, 13 March 2011. Cohen, Nick ‘Face the facts - Syria is an apartheid state’, The Observer, 19 June 2011. Cohen, Nick ‘The west has a duty to intervene in Syria’, The Observer, 1 January 2012. Cohen, Nick ‘Russia is playing western democrats for dupes’, The Observer, 10 June 2012. Cohen, Nick ‘Russia is playing western democrats for dupes’, The Observer, 10 June 2012. Editorial, ‘Time for sanctions against President Assad himself’, The Observer, 8 May 2011. Editorial, ‘An honourable intervention. A hopeful future’, The Observer, 28 August 2011. Editorial, ‘We must heed all the forces at work in Syria’, The Observer, 26 February 2012. Editorial, ‘A hasty intervention in Syria could be deadly’, The Observer, 3 June 2012. Editorial, ‘Syria is bleeding to death and the west stands by’, The Observer, 9 June 2013. Editorial, ‘Choosing between bad options in Syria becomes ever more complex’, The Observer, 25 August 2013. Helm, Toby and Martin Chulov ‘Egyptian army had no choice but to topple Morsi, says Blair’, The Observer, 7 July 2013. Kovach, Yugo ‘Letter: If Britain sees fit to intervene in Libya, why not in ?’, The Observer, 4 September 2011. Noe, Nicholas ‘We can't stop the bloodshed in Syria without talking to Assad’, The Observer, 12 February 2012. Porter, Henry ‘The Arab Spring will only flourish if the young are given cause to hope’, The Observer, 23 October 2011. Rawnsley, Andrew ‘The right and the wrong lessons to draw from Libya's liberation’, The Observer, 28 August 2011. Schenker, Jack and Peter Beaumont ‘Arab League in sanctions threat to Syria's regime: Assad given four days to end violence against protesters or face international condemnation’, The Observer, 13 November 2011. Vulliamy, Ed ‘I've seen the horrific result of western paralysis’, The Observer, 17 March 2013. Weisberg, Jacob ‘Obama's visit marks a new special relationship of the super-realists’, The Observer, 22 May 2011. Younge, Gary ‘Libya shows again that successful regime change can only be brought about by ordinary people, not by foreign bombs’, The Observer, 9 May 2011.

The Independent Aftab, Kaleem ‘French philosopher Bernard-Henri Lévy calls for West to intervene in Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 25 May 2012. Agency ‘Iran's new president ows to support Syrian regime as president Assad vows to crush rebels with 'iron fist’, Independent.co.uk, 5 August 2013. Aji, Albert ‘Two blasts hit Damascus’, Independent.co.uk, 17 March 2012. Alibahi Brown, Yasmin ‘Why I cannot rejoice in Morsi's downfall’, Independent.co.uk, 7 July 2013. Ali, Khalid ‘Syria defies pressure from neighbour as death toll rises’, Independent.co.uk, 10 August 2011. Alexander, Douglas ‘We helped free Libya, but our job's not over’, Independent.co.uk, 4 September 2011. AP ‘Tanks shell Homs after UN vote’, , 17 February 2012. AP ‘US and Russia clash over Syria at UN’, The Independent, 12 March 2012. AP ‘Syria situation 'bleak' says Kofi Annan’, The Independent, 25 April 2012. AP ‘'43 killed' in Damascus shelling’, The Independent, 29 June 2012. AP ‘Syrian government forces 'use helicopter gunships in Damascus'’, The Independent, 17 July 2012. AP ‘Turkey backs army action in Syria’, The Independent, 4 October 2012. AP ‘Britain has not 'closed off' option of arming Syrian rebels, says Defence Secretary Philip Hammond’, The Independent, 3 May 2013. Baldor, Lolita and Pauline Jelinek ‘US has sent forces to Jordan-Syria border, says Panetta’, Independent.co.uk, 10 October 2012. Bartlett, Ian and John Roderick Walters ‘Letters: Worse things in Syria than Assad’, Independent.co.uk, 17 June 2013. Beach, Alastair ‘Assad offers an amnesty to the 'criminals' of the Syrian uprising’, Independent.co.uk, 16 January 2012. Beach, Alastair ‘Assad's forces bomb bridge serving as refugees' lifeline’, Independent.co.uk, 7 March 2012. Beach, Alastair ‘As Annan flies out, Assad's men go in to kill the innocent’, Independent.co.uk, 13 March 2012. Beach, Alastair ‘Syria amassed huge arsenal of Russian weapons before uprising’, Independent.co.uk, 20 March 2012. Beach, Alastair ‘Morsi performs dramatic U-turn’, Independent.co.uk, 30 August 2012. Beach, Alastair ‘Morsi backs intervention in Syria’, The Independent, 31 August 2012. Bentley, Daniel and Joe Churcher ‘Syria is 'butchering its own people';’, Independent.co.uk, 2 March 2012. Bloodworth, James ‘French intervention in Mali is not colonialism’, Independent.co.uk, 8 February 2013. Bloodworth, James ‘The war in Iraq was wrong. But the anti-war movement has very little to be smug about’, Independent.co.uk, 22 March 2013. Bozier, Luke ‘Bloodshed in Syria, shuttle diplomacy, and why David Cameron should resurrect the Blair Doctrine’, Independent.co.uk, 16 October 2011. Branagh, Ellen and Joe Churcher ‘Russia urged to back UN Syria move’, The Independent, 15 March 2012. Buckley, Chris ‘China says Kofi Annan's Syria efforts are more important than ever’, The Independent, 8 June 2012. Butler, Katherine ‘Hail the Power of this humanitarian doctrine’, The Independent, 27 August 2013. Charbonneau, Louis and Daniel Flynn ‘Syria yet to send clear signal on peace, says Ban Ki-moon’, The Independent, 19 April 2012. Churcher, Joe ‘David Cameron frustrated over Syria slaughter’, The Independent, 1 March 2012. Churcher, Joe ‘William Hague welcomes UN resolution over Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 14 April 2012. Churcher, Joe ‘Syrian diplomat quits over 'violent and oppressive' actions by regime’, Independent.co.uk, 30 July 2012. Clegg, Nick ‘Democracy takes time, but a betrayal of Egypt's uprising would puncture the hopes of millions’, The Independent, 20 October 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘The regimes are rallying their forces. Is the tide turning against Arab freedom?’, The Independent, 22 April 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Abdullah shows that neighbours believe regime cannot survive’, Independent.co.uk, 15 November 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Plea to the West: Syria needs Libya-style intervention’, Independent.co.uk, 17 November 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Iran is not the monster it's made out to be - yet’, Independent.co.uk, 27 November 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Wars without victory equal an America without influence’, Independent.co.uk, 11 December 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Neither side is winning, no end is in sight’, Independent.co.uk, 13 March 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Syria is too far steeped in blood for resolution by negotiation’, Independent.co.uk, 10 April 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘The West practises double standards in the Middle East’, Independent.co.uk, 15 April 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘As EU and Russia talk, Syria slides ever closer to civil war’, Independent.co.uk, 5 June 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Middle Eastern snakes exceed ladders for the US’, Independent.co.uk, 11 November 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Assad's sense of security shaken as Russia admits he could yet be ousted’, Independent.co.uk, 20 December 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Only an all-out war can depose Assad. Anything less is like being 'half-pregnant'’, Independent.co.uk, 15 June 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Syria has no reason to use chemical weapons’, Independent.co.uk, 19 March 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Faisal Mekdad: 'The US has no control over the rebels it is arming - and if Cameron and Hague think weapons can force Assad's departure, they are stupid’, Independent.co.uk, 2 July 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Syria crisis: Only full-scale war can unseat Assad, says Iraqi minister’, Independent.co.uk, 23 July 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘The evidence of chemical attack seems compelling - but remember - there's a propaganda war on’, Independent.co.uk, 21 August 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Is the West prepared to cross the Rubicon over Syria?’, Independent.co.uk, 25 August 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Only a peace conference, not air strikes, can stop further bloodshed’, Independent.co.uk, 26 August 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘How action over Syria risks unsettling fragile balance of power in the Middle East’, Independent.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Cordon, Gavin ‘UK to provide more military backing for ’, Independent.co.uk, 5 July 2013. Cornwell, Rupert ‘Pentagon warns against Syria intervention which could cost US '$1bn a month'’, Independent.co.uk, 23 July 2013. Cornwell, Rupert ‘Pentagon warns against Syria intervention’, The Independent, 24 July 2013. Cornwell, Rupert ‘Questions raised about Britain's credibility as a global big-hitter’, The Independent, 30 August 2013. Cusick, James ‘Hague urged to explain legal basis for Syrian intervention’, Independent.co.uk, 13 December 2012. Dareini, Ali Akbar ‘Annan says Iran should be part of Syria solution’, Independent.co.uk, 10 July 2012. Dawber, Alistair ‘UK accused of 'double standards' over weapons exports to Bahrain’, Independent.co.uk, 30 March 2012. Dawber, Alistair ‘West could intervene on use of chemical weapons in Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 24 August 2012. Dawber, Alistair ‘Former foreign ministry spokesman Jihad Makdissi fled Syria because 'democracy had no place'’, Independent.co.uk, 13 February 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘As 'millionth refugee' leaves Syria UK sends armoured cars to rebels’, Independent.co.uk, 7 March 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘'This is not a declaration of war'’, Independent.co.uk, 6 May 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘President Bashar al-Assad: Syria's military is capable of facing Israel’, Independent.co.uk, 7 May 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘Assad regime 'has given Palestinian militants green light to attack Israel from Syria'’, Independent.co.uk, 7 May 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘Israeli air strikes aimed at Hezbollah 'killed 42 Syrian troops'’, The Independent, 7 May 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘Hezbollah takes fight to anti-Assad rebels as Syria's war spills into Lebanon’, The Independent, 19 May 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘Hezbollah takes fight to anti-Assad rebels as they storm rebel-held town of Qusair’, The Independent, 20 May 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘Syrian regime seizes Golan Heights crossing after heavy fighting’, The Independent, 7 June 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘Al-Qa'ida head Ayman al-Zawahri posts video call for Syrians to topple President Assad after fall of border town Qusayr’, The Independent, 6 June 2013. Dawber, Alistair ‘UN set to begin chemical weapons investigation in Syriar’, The Independent, 15 August 2013. Dejevsky, Mary ‘Putin attacks Britain and US for 'violating Libya resolution'’, The Independent, 12 November 2011. Dejevsky, Mary ‘Keep out of the conflict in Damascus’, The Independent, 20 July 2012. Editorial, ‘A regime's defiance fails to conceal its weakness’, independent.co.uk 12 May 2011. Editorial, ‘Where winter is freezing the Arab Spring’, independent.co.uk, 9 June, 2011. Editorial, ‘Impotence is the price of a reckless foreign policy’, Independent.co.uk, 2 August 2011. Editorial, ‘King Abdullah’s conundrum’, The Independent, 9 August 2011. Editorial, ‘Restraint remains the West’s best policy’, The Independent, 19 August 2011. Editorial, ‘A hard-won revolution that will reverberate far and wide’, The Independent, 23 August 2011 Editorial, ‘Mr Cameron should be wary of strutting the world stage’, The Independent, 23 September 2011. Editorial, ‘The goal of freedom that is shared across the world’ The Independent, 24 December 2011. Editorial, ‘Russia's double game in Syria’ The Independent, 1 February 2012. Editorial, ‘The world must not abandon Syrians now’ The Independent, 7 February 2012. Editorial, ‘Still too diplomatic with Syria’ The Independent, 12 March 2012. Editorial, ‘Too soon to be optimistic on Syria’ The Independent, 28 March 2012. Editorial, ‘No alternative to diplomacy in Syria’ The Independent, 10 April 2012. Editorial, ‘Russia must act now to halt Assad's slaughter’ The Independent, 28 May 2012. Editorial, ‘It is time for Turkey to take the lead on Syria’ The Independent, 2 June 2012. Editorial, ‘Only politics can hope to resolve Syria's problems’ The Independent, 14 June 2012. Editorial, ‘An omen of how Syria's conflict could spread’ The Independent, 27 June 2012. Editorial, ‘Two cheers for Russia’ The Independent, 11 July 2012. Editorial, ‘The turning of the tide in Syria’ The Independent, 19 July 2012. Editorial, ‘Syria has no future with Assad’ The Independent, 26 July 2012. Editorial, ‘Libya's power battle is not over’ The Independent, 22 September 2012. Editorial, ‘No time for Turkey to take risks’ The Independent, 15 October 2012. Editorial, ‘Phoney war with Syria is better than a real one’ The Independent, 4 December 2012. Editorial, ‘No intervention without risk’ The Independent, 10 December 2012. Editorial, ‘No intervention without risk’ The Independent, 30 December 2012. Editorial, ‘The West must plan for an arc of uncertainty’ The Independent, 16 January 2013. Editorial, ‘Arms for the rebels is no solution to Syria's crisis’ The Independent, 13 March 2013. Editorial, ‘It is time to be realistic about Syria’ The Independent, 11 April 2013. Editorial, ‘There must be no rush to join Syria's war’, Independent.co.uk, 26 April 2013. Editorial, ‘Intervention in Syria is a line we must not cross’, The Independent, 27 April 2013. Editorial, ‘Ceasefire not escalation should be the EU's aim in Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 28 May 2013. Editorial, ‘Syria policy must focus on peace talks’, Independent.co.uk, 5 June 2013. Editorial, ‘Our Syria policy must focus on the peace talks’, Independent.co.uk, 6 June 2013. Editorial, ‘Syria's red line should never have been drawn’, Independent.co.uk, 14 June 2013. Editorial, ‘Syria's red line should never have been drawn’, The Independent, 15 June 2013. Editorial, ‘A change of tone on Syria’, The Independent, 25 July 2013. Editorial, ‘Is the United Nations simply a talking shop?’ The Independent, 23 August 2013. Editorial, ‘No, but not never’ The Independent, 23 August 2013. Editorial, ‘When they frame their response to the Syrian gas attack, MPs must heed the lessons of Iraq’, Independent.co.uk, 27 August 2013. Editorial, ‘A political body blow to the Prime Minister, but the right decision for Britain’, Independent.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Fisk, Robert ‘Now the Arab Spring becomes an Arab Summer’, Independent.co.uk, 16 July 2011. Fisk, Robert ‘Exile dreams of a bloodless return after a life spent opposing Assad regime’, Independent.co.uk, 25 November 2011. Fisk, Robert ‘How long before the dominoes fall?’, Independent.co.uk, 23 August 2011. Fisk, Robert ‘An intervention that means we are all involved now’, Independent.co.uk, 6 May 2013. Fisk, Robert ‘The Lebanese army fears rise of the Sunni Muslim Salafists’, Independent.co.uk, 10 June 2013. Fisk, Robert ‘By taking sides within sides, Rifkind risks a repeat of Balkans mistakes in Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 14 July 2013. Fisk, Robert ‘Death is now everyday among Arabs - but culprits, and facts, are rare’, Independent.co.uk, 27 August 2013. Glaze, Ben ‘UK may be drawn into Syria conflict’, Independent.co.uk, 25 July 2012. Glaze, Ben ‘Halt Aleppo massacre, leaders urge Syria’, The Independent, 27 July 2012. Glaze, Ben and Andrew Woodcock ‘Britain and Russia split over Syrian president’, Independent.co.uk, 28 May 2012. Graff, Peter ‘Syrian opposition leader snubs invite to Moscow’, Independent.co.uk, 28 December 2012. Gray, John ‘This Week's Big Questions’, Independent.co.uk, 22 February 2013. Grice, Andrew ‘Vindication for Cameron over the 'armchair generals'’, Independent.co.uk, 21 October 2011. Grice, Andrew ‘No need for a Plan B here either... No 10 rejoices as Mitt falls short’, Independent.co.uk, 8 November 2012. Grice, Andrew ‘Poll finds most Britons oppose sending arms to Syrian rebels’, Independent.co.uk, 28 June 2013. Grice, Andrew ‘Prime Minister is reported to be furious as the full extent of the Government's disorganisation over Syria vote becomes apparent’, Independent.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Grice, Andrew and Nikhil Kumar ‘Back from the brink’, Independent.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Gutterman, Steve ‘Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Russian President Vladimir Putin Linking to meet in Moscow’, Independent.co.uk, 13 May 2013. Hall, John ‘'It's game changing'’, Independent.co.uk, 30 April 2013. Hall, John ‘As EU lifts embargo on arming rebels, Russia says it will deliver missiles to Assad to deter 'hotheads'’, Independent.co.uk, 28 May 2013. Hall, Richard ‘Russia warns against West's intervention in Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 22 August 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Is violence now the only way to change Syria?’, Independent.co.uk, 23 June 2011. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Questions over the Syrian clampdown’, Independent.co.uk, 4 August 2011. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Intervention is never simply humanitarian’, Independent.co.uk, 1 September 2011. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Now the regional powers turn against Assad; Syria and the Arab League’, Independent.co.uk, 17 November 2011. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Mass uprising is the only way to unseat Assad’, The Independent, 1 June 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘We're worrying about Syria for all the wrong reasons’, The Independent, 27 July 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘We're back to the bad old days of clandestine US interfering abroad’, The Independent, 10 August 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Get real, the Arab Spring is no endorsement of the West’, The Independent, 27 September 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘With blood on the streets of Damascus, even Assad's friends in Syria know his end is inevitable’, The Independent, 6 December 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘The scales are tipping towards direct Western action in Syria’, The Independent, 7 December 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Mali is not a global conflict, so a global response would merely repeat the errors of the past’, The Independent, 17 January 2013. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Mali and a new War or Terror: Cameron goes where Blair went before - but at what cost?’, The Independent, 31 January 2013. Hastings, Rob and Loveday Morris ‘Assad forces and militia 'kill 220 Syrians in worst atrocity'’, The Independent, 13 July 2012. Heilprin, John ‘Arab neighbours back UN vote to end Syrian violence’, Independent.co.uk, 24 August 2011. Holmes, Oliver ‘Turkish PM says unclear if Syria downed warplane’, The Independent, 24 June 2012. Hooper, Ryan ‘What are the options for UK, US and the West?’, The Independent, 27 August 2013. Independent Voices ‘Obama said chemical weapons were a 'red line' for intervention in Syria’, The Independent, 5 May 2013. Jones, Owen ‘For the Syrians' sakes and for our own, we must not intervene’, Independent.co.uk, 25 August 2013. Joshi, Shashank ‘No straightforward way out of this political quagmire’, Independent.co.uk, 20 April 2012. Joshi, Shashank ‘How serious is Syria's threat to use chemical weapons?’, Independent.co.uk, 24 July 2012. Kampfner, John ‘A decade on from the failure of the Iraq War, are we any wiser about when, and when not, to intervene?’, Independent.co.uk, 25 December 2012. Karam, Zeina ‘Syrian security forces 'fire on mourners'’, Independent.co.uk, 9 October 2011. Karam, Zeina ‘Syrian opposition says 16 die in intense shelling’, The Independent, 21 February 2012. Karam, Zeina ‘Syrian forces shell Homs as crisis in city deepens’, The Independent, 23 February 2012. Kennedy, Elizabeth ‘Syrians inspired by Gaddafi's death’, Independent.co.uk, 21 October 2011. Klapper, Bradley and Elaine Ganley ‘Diplomats pressure Syria as top general defects’, The Independent, 6 July 2012. Lawrence, Tom ‘William Hague condemns Syrian mortar attack’, The Independent, 4 October 2012. Lawson, Dominic ‘Like it or not, humanitarian intervention is a declaration of war’, The Independent, 30 April 2013. Lederer, Edith and Peter James Spielman ‘UN Security Council backs Kofi Annan's Syria peace plan’, The Independent, 21 March 2012. Lee, Matthew and Schemm, Paul ‘'Friends of Syria' to call for UN to plan mission’, The Independent, 24 February 2012. Legge, James ‘Barack Obama says Syria chemical weapon use would change US 'calculus' over intervention’, The Independent, 27 April 2013. Legge, James ‘G8 summit: Europe will 'pay the price' if it arms Syrian rebels, Assad warns’, The Independent, 17 June 2013. Legge, James ‘Syria civil war: Britain increases military aid to Lebanon, to protect border’, The Independent, 5 July 2013. Letters ‘We dither as Syrians suffer’, The Independent, 23 August 2013. Letters ‘Moral dilemmas for the West over Syria’, The Independent, 26 August 2013. Lichfield, John ‘France is no longer shoulder-to-shoulder with US’, The Independent, 30 August 2013. Liston, Sam ‘Britain and France agreed today to accelerate plans to create a joint control and command centre for future military operations’, The Independent, 17 February 2012. MacIntyre, Donald ‘Israel calls for action as Syrian military shells Homs again’, Independent.co.uk, 11 June 2012. MacIntyre, Donald ‘Israeli forces could intervene in Syria over chemical weapons’, Independent.co.uk, 23 July 2012. MacIntyre, Donald ‘Israel should seize the Arab League's offer’, Independent.co.uk, 6 May 2013. MacIntyre, Donald ‘If only Israel could be this decisive about peace’, The Independent, 7 May 2013. MacIntyre, Donald ‘Syria: Why Iran has to be part of the solution’, The Independent, 27 May 2013. MacIntyre, Donald ‘Syria: Why Iran has to be part of the solution’, Independent.co.uk, 7 June 2013. McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte ‘Fears of 'another Iraq' if troops enter Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 24 February 2012. McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte ‘François Hollande tells EU: it's time to send arms to Syrian rebels’, Independent.co.uk, 14 March 2013. McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte and Shaun Walker ‘Russia: we're happy to sell arms to Assad’, The Independent, 14 March 2012. McSmith, Andy ‘UK troops 'may be sent to Syrian borders'’, Independent.co.uk, 11 November 2012. McSmith, Andy ‘Cameron knows more about what is NOT going to happen than what will happen’, Independent.co.uk, 27 August 2013. Meade, Geoff ‘William Hague welcomes new Syria sanctions’, The Independent, 26 February 2012. Miles, Tom and Andrew Quinn ‘Annan in last-ditch attempt to rescue Syria peace talks’, The Independent, 30 June 2012. Milmo, Cahal ‘Anti-war campaigners prepare for substantial weekend protest over Syria’, The Independent, 29 August 2013. Mohammed, Arshad ‘Hillary Clinton tells Assad to quit’, The Independent, 7 June 2012. Mohammed, Arshad and Alexei Anishchuk ‘John Kerry seeks Vladimir Putin's Enhanced Coverage Linking help in finding solution to Syria conflict’, The Independent, 7 May 2013. Morris, Loveday ‘Assad metes out a day of brutal violence’, The Independent, 6 April 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Slaughter set to continue as Assad backs away from ceasefire plan’, Independent.co.uk, 8 April 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘World leaders accuse Syrian regime of stalling as fragile peace plan crumbles’, The Independent, 10 April 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘'Mr Obama, it's time to keep your word and end this slaughter'’, The Independent, 2 June 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Russia cuts off Assad's military lifeline to leave regime out in the cold’, The Independent, 10 June 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Opposition's hopes fade as Russian warships sail to aid Assad regime’, The Independent, 12 July 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘A RUTHLESS ATTACK THAT PROVES ASSAD IS NOT INVINCIBLE’, The Independent, 19 July 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Hunt for Assad is on amid claims of wife's exit to Russia;’, The Independent, 20 July 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Syria rejects offer of safe passage for Assad family and makes chemical weapons threats’, The Independent, 24 July 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Senegalese general Babacar Gaye arrives in Damascus to head pared down team of UN observers’, The Independent, 25 July 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘US President hints that he will send in troops if Syrian leader turns to chemical weapons’, The Independent, 21 August 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Syrian rebels seek missile supply’, The Independent, 16 November 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘ and Russia confer as Syria crisis takes dark turn’, The Independent, 6 December 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Conflicting stories emerge over Israel's air strikes in Syria’, The Independent, 31 January 2013. Morris, Loveday ‘Both sides in Syrian civil war claim chemical weapons were used on them’, The Independent, 19 March 2013. Morris, Loveday ‘Each side accuses other of 'chemical attack' in Aleppo’, The Independent, 20 March 2013. Morris, Loveday ‘Syria airstrikes 'target civilians,' says report’, The Independent, 11 April 2013. Morris, Loveday and David Usbourne ‘Deadlock at the UN - but Syrian rebels land blows against regime’, The Independent, 20 July 2012. Morris, Loveday and Justin Vela ‘Assad troops move on Damascus as massacre toll is cut’, The Independent, 16 July 2012. Morris, Nigel ‘UK rules out military action or arming Syrian rebels’, The Independent, 8 February 2012. Morris, Nigel ‘Home Office warned it would have 'blood on its hands' over moves to send Syrian political activist back to his war-torn home country’, The Independent, 24 October 2012. Morris, Nigel ‘Cameron promises MPs vote on whether to arm Syrian rebels’, The Independent, 6 June 2013. Morris, Nigel ‘Cameron relents to give MPs vote on Syria’, The Independent, 7 June 2013. Morris, Nigel ‘Tell Obama to halt US arms for Egypt, Labour tells UK ministers’, The Independent, 15 August 2013. Morris, Nigel and David Usborne ‘West considers action as America says it will arm Syrian rebels after nerve-gas attacks’, Independent.co.uk, 14 June 2013. Morris, Nigel and David Usborne ‘Syria's red line’, Independent.co.uk, 14 June 2013. Morris, Nigel and David Usborne ‘West considers action on Syria as America says it will arm rebels after nerve-gas attacks’, Independent.co.uk, 15 June 2013. Mroue, Bassem ‘Syrian troops raid villages’, Independent.co.uk, 12 September 2011. Mroue, Bassem ‘UN team in Syria evacuated from tense town’, The Independent, 16 May 2012. Nakhoul, Samia ‘Syrian chemical weapons plans blocked by Moscow’, Independent.co.uk, 25 July 2012. Peachey, Paul ‘First repression then concession, but still Syria's revolt intensifies’, Independent.co.uk, 20 April, 2011 Rainey, Venetia ‘Hague refuses to arm 'legitimate' Syrian opposition’, The Independent, 25 February 2012 Randall, David and Azar Zaidi ‘More than a million need aid in Syria’, The Independent, 10 June 2012 Read, Rupert ‘Letters: Arab ordeal goes on as tyrants stand at bay’, Independent.co.uk, 27 September, 2011 Rentoul, John ‘Why Libya will get harder from now on’, Independent.co.uk, 20 March, 2011 Richards, Steve ‘Syria - not quite like the run-up to Iraq... but not that different either’, Independent.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Richards, Steve ‘Not quite like the run-up to Iraq - but not that different either’, The Independent, 29 August 2013. Saul, Heather ‘Britain to seek UN Security Council approval for draft resolution authorising use of 'all necessary measures'’, Independent.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Sculthorpe, Tim ‘UN calls for 'concrete action' in Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 30 May 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Flushed with his success in Libya, the PM may aspire to a Blair-lite foreign policy’, Independent.co.uk, 23 September 2011. Sengupta, Kim ‘Hague hints at harder line if regime shuns Syria peace plan’, The Independent, 20 April 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘'We shall be free or we shall suffer'’, The Independent, 3 August 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘America's most senior general warns against rash action on Syria and Iran’, The Independent, 31 August 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Do not overestimate the rise of Muslim radicals’, The Independent, 26 September 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Nato missiles to shield Turkey from Syrian chemical attack’, Independent.co.uk, 3 December 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘UK military in talks to help Syria rebels’, Independent.co.uk, 10 December 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘'They make promises but nothing happens'’, Independent.co.uk, 11 December 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Review of the Middle East in 2012’, Independent.co.uk, 22 December 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Arming the 'right' rebels is the real issue’, Independent.co.uk, 15 March 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘Beyond reasonable doubt?’, Independent.co.uk, 29 August 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘Strident demands for Western intervention as accusations grow about weapons of mass destruction’, Independent.co.uk, 26 April 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘The Syrian dilemma’, Independent.co.uk, 10 May 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘What the West has given Syria's rebels’, Independent.co.uk, 11 August 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘Syria's rebels get the tools to do the job - but West's challenge is to stop arms falling into the wrong hands’, Independent.co.uk, 11 August 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘Syria's darkest day? Opposition says up to 1,300 killed in'chemical weapons attacks by Assad forces' on Damascus’, Independent.co.uk, 21 August 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘West turns its sights on Assad in condemnation of Damascus chemical massacre’, Independent.co.uk, 23 August 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘Beyond reasonable doubt?’, Independent.co.uk, 29 August 2013. Stewart, Catrina ‘Arab League to discuss fate of Syria mission’, The Independent, 2 August 2011. Stewart, Catrina ‘Opposition factions join forces to resist Assad’, Independent.co.uk, 2 January 2012. Stewart, Catrina ‘Russia warns of Syrian no-fly zone claim’, Independent.co.uk, 13 January 2012. Stewart, Catrina ‘Russia stands fast in support of Syrian regime’, Independent.co.uk, 28 January 2012. Stewart, Catrina ‘Battles rage near Damascus after Arab League suspends mission’, Independent.co.uk, 30 January 2012. The Independent ‘Syrian security forces 'kill 30 protesters'’, Independent.co.uk. 28 October 2011. The Independent ‘Syria cracks down on deadly protests’, Independent.co.uk. 29 October 2011. The Independent ‘David Cameron: Syria is 'butchering its own people'’, The Independent. 2 March 2012. The Independent ‘Shelling continues as UN monitors arrive in Syria’, The Independent. 16 April 2012. The Independent ‘Syria: David Cameron condemns 'brutal and sickening' killing of civilians’, The Independent. 7 June 2012. The Independent ‘Russia to end new arms sales to Syria’, The Independent. 9 July 2012. The Independent ‘Syrian rebels criticise Russia over UN veto’, The Independent. 11 July 2012. The Independent ‘'Deep alarm' over Aleppo fighting’, The Independent. 28 July 2012. The Independent ‘Are we heading for war in Syria?’, The Independent. 4 December 2012. The Independent ‘The Coalition gives Clegg a veto on arming Syria’, The Independent. 12 June 2013. Tapsfield, James ‘CAMERON: WAR LOOMS IN SYRIA’, The Independent. 23 November 2011. Tapsfield, James ‘Further action needed against Syrian regime, says David Cameron’, The Independent. 12 April 2012. Tapsfield, James ‘Lord Ashdown attacks handling of crisis in Syria’, The Independent. 11 June 2012. Usborne, David, ‘Obama leads diplomatic push against Assad regime’, Independent.co.uk. August 19, 2011. Usborne, David, ‘Assad's forces free to bomb dissenters as Russia and China veto UN resolution’, The Independent. 5 February, 2012. Usborne, David, ‘Annan: Syria has agreed to ceasefire deadline’, The Independent. 2 April, 2012. Usborne, David, ‘Russia dashes Kofi Annan's hope for unity on UN sanctions’, The Independent. 8 June, 2012. Usborne, David, ‘Syria tensions between Washington and Moscow escalate’, The Independent. 15 June, 2012. Usborne, David, ‘Moscow warning as Obama weighs strike options’, The Independent. 25 August 2013. Usborne, David, ‘After British Parliament rejects military intervention, there is growing irritation in Washington with camerons inability to deliver support’, The Independent. 30 August 2013. Usborne, David and Loveday Morris ‘It will be your fault if civil war breaks out, Clinton tells Russia’, The Independent, 1 June 2012. Usborne, David and Heather Saul ‘UK and US vow that any military response is 'not about regime change' as Parliament is recalled to vote on intervention’, The Independent, 27 August 2013. Usborne, David, Oliver Wright and Khalid Ali. ‘Obama leads diplomatic push against Assad regime’, Independent.co.uk. August 19, 2011. Vela, Justin ‘Syrian rebels carry out first attack in Damascus’, Independent.co.uk, 21 November 2011. Vela, Justin ‘'Every Syrian has lost someone. Now we are ready to fight back'’, The Independent, 8 December 2011. Vela, Justin ‘Rebel forces armed by wealthy exiles’, The Independent, 23 February 2012. Vela, Justin ‘Annan heads to China with plans to end Syrian conflict’, The Independent, 27 March 2012. Vela, Justin ‘Arab states arm rebels as UN talks of Syrian civil war’, The Independent, 13 June 2012. Walker, Shaun ‘Putin warns America not to act on 'bellicose itch' over Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 28 February 2012. Walker, Shaun ‘Russia and China refuse to’, Independent.co.uk, 6 June 2012. Walker, Shaun ‘Kremlin casts doubts on Kofi Annan mission’, The Independent, 16 July 2012. Walker, Shaun ‘Talks falter in Moscow as gun battles spread across Damascus’, The Independent, 18 July 2012. Walker, Shaun and Patrick Cockburn ‘Hague sent packing by Russia as Annan peace plan crumbles’, Independent.co.uk, 29 May 2012. Walker, Shaun, Charlotte McDonald-Gibson and Nigel Morris ‘Russia stokes fears of an arms race with threat to deliver anti-aircraft missiles to Syrian regime’, Independent.co.uk, 28 May 2013. Whittam Smith, Andreas ‘Not even the humanitarian urge can be a basis for war’, Independent.co.uk, 16 June 2011. Williams, Rob and Richard Hall ‘Graphic video footage emerges claiming to show victims of nerve gas attack in Syria’, Independent.co.uk, 26 April 2013. Wood, Josh ‘A 'river' of refugees flows out of Syria as Iraqi Kurdistan opens border’, The Independent, 18 February 2013. Woodcock, Andrew ‘Britain gives £2m in aid to Syria’, The Independent, 17 February 2012. Woodcock, Andrew ‘PM welcomes Syria defection reports’, The Independent, 8 March 2012. Woodcock, Andrew ‘UK seeks to increase pressure on Syrian president’, The Independent, 28 May 2012. Woodcock, Andrew ‘Britain has no plans for military action against Syria, says William Hague’, The Independent, 12 June 2012. Woodcock, Andrew ‘Hague presses Russia over Syria’, The Independent, 14 June 2012. Woodcock, Andrew ‘Russia and China veto Syria action’, The Independent, 19 July 2012. Woodcock, Andrew ‘EU agrees new Syria sanctions’, The Independent, 23 July 2012. Woodcock, Andrew ‘Cameron UN to ramp up Syria pressure following Annan exit’, The Independent, 2 August 2012. Wright, Oliver and Cusick, James ‘The heir to Blair. Cameron makes 'moral case' for attack on Syria in echo of defence for Iraq war’, Independent.co.uk. 27 August 2013. Wright, Oliver and Nigel Morris ‘CAMERON faces serious Cabinet split over over arming Syrian rebels’, Independent.co.uk. 5 March 2013. Yadlin, Amos ‘Only bombing Assad's forces will stop the slaughter now’, The Independent, 6 September 2012.

The Independent on Sunday Bignell, Paul and Brian Brady ‘Iraq war damaged Britain, says new poll’ The Independent on Sunday, 17 March 2013. Birrell, Ian ‘Syria's shadow now looms over Egypt - and the West is allowing it to lengthen’ The Independent on Sunday, 18 August 2013. Campbell, Menzies ‘Stalemate leaves few options’ The Independent on Sunday, 19 August 2012. Clegg, Nick ‘If Iraq taught us anything, it's this’ The Independent on Sunday, 17 March 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Hopes for democracy fade as civil wars grip the Arab world’ The Independent on Sunday, 12 June 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘This is just the start of the struggle’ The Independent on Sunday, 18 December 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘The attempt to topple President Assad has failed’ The Independent on Sunday, 25 March 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Goodbye to recent delusions’ The Independent on Sunday, 20 May 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘I fear this terrible massacre will be the beginning of a long civil war’ The Independent on Sunday, 27 May 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Syria's suffering opens a door for Washington’ The Independent on Sunday, 7 October 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘The descent into Holy War’, The Independent on Sunday, 16 December 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Syria is many conflicts rolled into one’, The Independent on Sunday, 30 December 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘'War on terror' is a tempting defence, but it isn't that simple’, The Independent on Sunday, 20 January 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Western meddling in Syria will only fuel the Sunni insurgency’, The Independent on Sunday, 17 March 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Hidden hands of old regimes did not go away’, The Independent on Sunday, 14 July 2013. Cornwell, Rupert ‘A serious case of Last War Syndrome’, The Independent on Sunday, 2 June 2013. Dalton, Richard ‘Libya, and the limits of liberal intervention’ The Independent on Sunday, 23 October 2011. Editorial ‘Libya was never going to be easy’ The Independent on Sunday, 28 August 2011. Editorial, ‘Let Colvin's life bring shame on Assad’ The Independent on Sunday, 26 February 2012. Editorial, ‘Enough is enough’ The Independent on Sunday, 11 March 2012. George, Alan ‘The Assad regime's only purpose is to stay in power’, The Independent on Sunday, 5 February 2012. George, Alan ‘The world waits for Damascus to go a step too far’, The Independent on Sunday, 27 May 2012. George, Alan ‘Power vacuum in Syria favours Assad’, The Independent on Sunday, 22 July 2012. Osley, Richard ‘At least four die as Syrian troops storm besieged mosque’ The Independent on Sunday, 1 May 2011. Osley, Richard and Justin Vela ‘Thousands flee Syria across Turkish border’ The Independent on Sunday, 12 June 2011. Popham, Peter ‘Can Cameron resist the lure of military intervention?’ The Independent on Sunday, 3 February 2013. Rentoul, John ‘Syria makes the Commons grow up’ The Independent on Sunday, 16 June 2013. Simms, Brendan ‘Sooner or later, we'll have to go into Syria’ The Independent on Sunday, 28 April 2013. Smith, Joan ‘The opposition in Syria needs our help, and now’ The Independent on Sunday, 5 February 2012. Vallely, Paul ‘Why the West pussyfoots around Assad’, The Independent on Sunday, 26 February 2012. Vallely, Paul ‘Sanctions helped give Burma a new start’, The Independent on Sunday, 15 April 2012. Vallely, Paul ‘Do the math: peace is cheaper than war’, The Independent on Sunday, 24 February 2013.

The i Ali, Khalid ‘Regime defies Turkish critics and renews attacks’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 10 August 2011. AP ‘EU to toughen sanctions on Assad’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 11 October 2011. Beach, Alastair ‘China makes plan as Red Cross still locked out of Baba Amr’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 5 March 2012. Beach, Alastair ‘Assad regime shells mosques as it extends crackdown’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 7 March 2012. Bentley, Daniel, James Tapsfield and Joe Churcher ‘UK 'will not arm rebel forces' says Hague’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 10 February 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Which tyrant will be next to fall’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 29 December 2011. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Moscow plans evacuations in case Assad regime falls’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 14 December 2012. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Doubts and vested interests mean action on 'red line' is still unlikely’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 22 August 2013. Cockburn, Patrick ‘Time for a Syrian peace conference’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 27 August 2013. Dejevsky, Mary ‘Dangers in the demise of Gaddafi’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 21 October 2011 Dejevsky, Mary ‘Calls to act in Syria must be resisted’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 8 June 2012 Editorial ‘Where now for Syria?’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 10 August 2011 Editorial ‘Let the Syrian people decide’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 19 August 2011 Editorial ‘Resolution will not come soon’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 31 December 2012 Editorial, ‘Arming the rebels is no solution to Syria's crisis’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 15 March 2013. Editorial, ‘Western intervention may not help’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 6 May 2013. Fisk, Robert ‘Arab League's 'roar' shows how Qatar is starting to flex its muscle’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 14 November 2011 Gardner, David and Nikolaos van Dam in ‘The Opinion Matrix: Where now for Syria?’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 10 August 2011. Grice, Andrew ‘British public against arming Syrian rebels’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 31 December 2012. Halaby, Jamal ‘Regime accuses France of 'schizophrenic' intervention’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 10 September 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Only a mass uprising will rid Syria of Assad’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 10 February 2012. Hamilton, Adrian ‘Can Assad hold on to power?’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 13 April 2012. Hill, Christopher R. ‘Intervening provides no solution’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 17 May 2013. i-Independent ‘SYRIAN BLOODSHED’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 25 February 2012. i-Independent ‘Cluster bombs may boost case for action’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 13 July 2012. i-Independent ‘Syria seems to have crossed a line’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 27 April 2013. Jones, Owen ‘We must not intervene in Syria’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 26 August 2013. Joshi, Shashank ‘What will it take to halt Syria?’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 1 June 2012. Kampfner, John ‘The end of liberal interventionism’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 27 June 2011. Kampfner, John ‘Too little money, too many wars’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 5 August 2011. Kampfner, John ‘Resist the urge to intervene’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 26 December 2012. Lawson, Dominic ‘No one should intervene in Syria’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 30 April 2013. Letters ‘YOUR VIEW TEXTS, TWEETS AND EMAILS’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 27 August 2013. MacIntyre ‘Israel warns over Syrian chemical weapons use’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 23 July 2012. McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte ‘Assad’s regime’s killings mount as West talks more’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 24 February 2012. McSmith, Andy ‘UK military prepared for action on Syria's borders’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 12 November 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘Russia and China unmoved as rebels make gains’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 20 July 2012. Morris, Loveday ‘IT consultant from Texas becomes leader-in-waiting’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 20 March 2013. Morris, Loveday ‘Syrian refugees swelling country to breaking point’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 28 March 2013. Mroue, Bassem ‘Gulf states 'won't topple me like Gaddafi', vows Assad’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 22 September 2012. Rachman, Gideon ‘Intervention seems very unlikely’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 1 May 2013. Sengupta, Kim ‘Syria isolated as Western capitals expel diplomats’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 30 May 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Will the world ever step in to stop Syria's slaughter?’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 12 June 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Capture of military base and weaponry gives rebels breathing space in battle for Aleppo’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 30 July 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Hague gets tough with Assad over flouted UN plan’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 20 August 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘US military chief avoids backing Western calls for Assad to quit’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 31 August 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Growing belief that military intervention is inevitable’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 11 December 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘UK in Western coalition to help Syrian rebels' fight with Assad’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 11 December 2012. Sengupta, Kim ‘Rebel fighters plead for help from the West’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 12 December 2012. Stewart, Catrina ‘UN urged to make a stand as Hama is attacked again’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 2 August 2011. Stewart, Catrina ‘Arab League votes to begin sanctions’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 28 November 2011. Stewart, Catrina ‘Russians accuse Nato of planning no-fly zone to protect rebel fighters’, i – Independent Print Ltd, 13 January 2012. Thompson, Nicholas ‘The West should stay out of it’ i – Independent Print Ltd, 24 June 2013. Usborne, David ‘Syria conflict similar to Bosnia, says Clinton’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 2 June 2012. Usborne, David and Loveday Morris ‘Russia must side with the West, warns Clinton’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 1 June 2012. Van Tets, Fernande ‘Conflict escalates as rebels take delivery of Saudi guns’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 21 June 2013. Van Tets, Fernande ‘UN inspectors come under sniper fire as they visit alleged gas attack site’, i- Independent Print Ltd, 26 August 2013. Walker, Shaun and Patrick Cockburn ‘Annan's peace plan marred by Russia's failure to condemn Assad’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 29 May 2012. Walker, Shaun and Charlotte, McDonald-Gibson ‘Russia ready to give Assad regime air defence missiles’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 29 May 2013. Wright, Oliver and James Cusick ‘Cameron: we have moral duty to act on Syria even without UN mandate’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 28 August 2013. Zakaria, Fareed ‘The Opinion Matrix’, i-Independent Print Ltd, 10 April 2012.

Daily Express Atkinson, Janice ‘Britain must not get dragged into Syria's bloodbath’, Express Online, 28 August 2013. Bennett, Owen ‘Military plans being drawn up for Syria as Blair backs intervening in the civil war’, Express Online, 27 August 2013. Bennett, Owen ‘History repeating?’, Express Online, 28 August 2013. Bennett, Owen and Ted Jeory ‘Britons tell Cameron NO to war: Only EIGHT per cent want urgent strikes on Syria’, Express Online, 29 August 2013. Bennett, Owen and Ted Jeory ‘Government lose vote on war in Syria as only EIGHT per cent of Brits want urgent strikes’, Express Online, 29 August 2013. Brown, Martyn ‘William Hague call for UN to act as 200 die in Syria’, Daily Express, 14 July 2012. Brown, Martyn ‘UK may arm Syria's rebels Hague hints’, Daily Express, 4 March 2013. Daily Express ‘Avoid intervention in Syria’ Daily Express, 3 March 2012. Daily Express ‘UK to send armour and vehicles to Syria rebels’ Daily Express, 7 March 2012. Daily Express ‘Syria in storm over chemical warfare claim’ Daily Express, 26 April 2013. Daily Express ‘Arming Syria rebels still an option’ Daily Express, 3 May 2013. Daily Express ‘US will not send troops into Syria’ Daily Express, 4 May 2013. Daily Express ‘Britain MUST protect Syrian rebels’ Daily Express, 17 June 2013. Daily Express ‘Has he learnt nothing? Tony Blair calls for intervention’ Daily Express, 19 June 2013. Daily Express ‘'Lack of clarity' over Syria arms’ Express Online, 24 July 2013. Daily Express ‘The shocking pictures of children that suggest a deadly chemical attack in Syria’ Express Online, 21 August 2013. Daily Express ‘An entirely inappropriate use of our military power’ Express Online, 28 August 2013. Daily Express ‘Nigel Farage echoes the people's view on Syria’ Express Online, 29 August 2013. Daily Express ‘Britain will no longer be seen as anyone's poodle’ Express Online, 31 August 2013. Dassanayake, Dion ‘Miliband says Syria vote not result he wanted in Channel 5 interview’, Express Online, 30 August 2013. Douglas, Hilary ‘Is Syria on the path to bloody British and American intervention?’, Daily Express, 16 June 2013. Edge, Simon ‘ASSAD'S SYRIAN SAGA’, Daily Express, 8 January 2013. Editorial ‘Let's stay out of Syria’, Daily Express, 27 April 2013. Farage, Nigel ‘'We're tired of wars'’, Daily Express, 28 August 2013. Flanagan, Padraic ‘18 babies die in hospital after Syrian army attack’, Daily Express, 9 February 2012. Gill, Kerry ‘When possible, duty compels us to stop despots’, Daily Express, 4 August 2011. Haywood, J ‘Thousands more innocents could perish in bombings’, Express Online, 27 August 2013. Holloway, Adam ‘Military intervention in Syria will help no one’, Express Online, 28 August 2013. Ingham, John ‘US is braced to move on evil Assad after he uses chemical weapon’, Daily Express, 27 April 2013. Letters ‘WOULD CAMERON COMMIT OUR TROOPS TO SYRIA?’, Daily Express, 28 September 2012. Letters ‘West must stay out of deadly Syrian conflict’, Daily Express, 21 June 2013. Letters ‘Blair and Bush left us at the mercy of jihadists’, Daily Express, 21 June 2013. Little, Alison ‘No force against Syria, says Hague’, Daily Express, 2 August 2011. Little, Alison ‘David Cameron and Vladimir Putin's 'shared aims' on Syria’, Daily Express, 11 May 2013. Maywood, Richard ‘Letter: Leaders have a moral duty to inhabitants of Britain’, Daily Express, 30 August 2013. McCann, Jaymi ‘Peace envoy Tony Blair tayed on a luxury yacht while the west discussed Syria air strikes’, Daily Express, 27 August 2013. McKinstry, Leo ‘No British blood should be shed in Syria's civil war’, Daily Express, 27 February 2012. McKinstry, Leo ‘It is madness to get caught in the bloodshed in Syria’, Daily Express, 17 June 2013. McKinstry, Leo ‘Britain must not get dragged into Egypt's bloodbath’, Daily Express, 19 August 2013. McKinstry, Leo ‘Politicians' desire to help Syria is sheer hypocrisy’, Daily Express, 26 August 2013. McKinstry, Leo ‘Hellbent on war, but what about problems at home?’, Daily Express, 29 August 2013. Meredith, Charlotte ‘'Nothing is off the table’, Express Online, 14 June 2013. Meredith, Charlotte ‘Obama confirms he WILL arm Syrian rebels as Assad crosses 'red line' with chemical warfare’, Express Online, 14 June 2013. O’Flynn, Patrick ‘Cameron must not follow Blair’, Express Online, 22 June 2013. Pickard, Michael ‘Syria threatens to escalate hostilities as Israeli missiles rock Damascus’ Daily Express, 6 May 2013. Pollard, Stephen and Chris Roycroft-Davis ‘SHOULD BRITAIN GET INVOLVED IN SYRIAN CIVIL WAR?’ Daily Express, 11 February 2012. Reynolds, Mark ‘Suicide bomber kills president Assad brother-in-law and defence minister’ Daily Express, 19 July 2012. Roycroft-Davis, Chris ‘The phoney Arab Spring was always doomed to failure’ Daily Express, 15 September 2012. Roycroft-Davis, Chris ‘Syria vote was a very good day for our democracy’ Daily Express, 31 August 2013. Watling, Lindsay ‘How the UK's special relationship with U.S. is under threat over Syrian intervention’ Express Online, 31 August 2013.

The Sunday Express Buchanan, Kirsty ‘William Hague: Assad will pay for his crimes’, The Sunday Express, 19 February 2012. Giannangeli, Marco ‘UN mission may pull out of Syria’, The Sunday Express, 15 July 2012. Giannangeli, Marco ‘Cameron promises Syria vote’, The Sunday Express, 16 June 2013. Winter, Stuart ‘Syria's tyrant nears day of reckoning’, The Sunday Express, 16 December 2012.

Daily Mail Almond, Mark ‘SYRIA: EAST AND WEST ON A COLLISION COURSE’, , 20 July 2012. Blair, Tony, ‘We paid a heavy price in Iraq...but think what would have happened if we'd backed away’, Daily Mail, 18 March 2013. Bond, Anthony and David Williams, ‘Bound, blindfolded and executed: Pictures reveal terrible fate of 13 bodies dumped by the roadside in Syria’, Daily Mail, 1 June 2012. Bradley, John ‘YES, SYRIA IS A TRAGEDY BUT IT WOULD BE MADNESS FOR BRITAIN TO INTERVENE’, Daily Mail, 30 May 2012. Chapman, James and James Groves ‘PUTIN SHOOTS DOWN PM ON SYRIA’, Daily Mail, 17 June 2013. Daily Mail Comment, ‘MPs must have the last word on Syria’, Daily Mail, 26 August 2013. Daily Mail, ‘PICK 'N' MIX PLOYS IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS’, Daily Mail, 2 April 2011. Daily Mail, ‘FRANCE CALLS FOR ARMED MERCY PUSH INTO SYRIA’, Daily Mail, 25 November 2011. Daily Mail, ‘Britain, France, Germany and the US proposed…’, Daily Mail, 20 July 2012. Daily Mail, ‘OUR DISUNITED NATIONS’, Daily Mail, 29 September 2012. Daily Mail, ‘Syria and the errors we must not repeat’, Daily Mail, 26 August 2013. Daily Mail Comment, ‘MPS MUST HAVE THE LAST WORD ON SYRIA’, Daily Mail, 27 August 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘President Assad's brother-in-law killed as Syrian suicide bomber targets government building’, Daily Mail, 18 July 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘BRITAIN SET TO END ARMS EMBARGO ON SYRIAN REBELS’, Daily Mail, 4 May 2013. Gardner, David ‘No slam dunk proof it was Assad, say US’, Daily Mail, 30 August 2013. Green, Andrew ‘Did the debacle of Iraq teach us nothing?’, Daily Mail, 19 March 2011. Glover, Stephen ‘This war monger is the very last man we should listen to’, Daily Mail, 28 August 2013. Groves, Jason ‘WE WON'T LET LIBYA TURN INTO ANOTHER IRAQ, VOWS CAMERON’, Daily Mail, 1 August 2011. Groves, Jason ‘TEN YEARS ON, BLAIR ADMITS’, Daily Mail, 27 February 2013. Groves, Jason ‘MISSILE STRIKES ON SYRIA IN DAYS’, Daily Mail, 26 August 2013. Groves, Jason ‘Labour sends out mixed messages on Syrias’, Daily Mail, 27 August 2013. Groves, Jason ‘Storm over legal justification for air strikes’, Daily Mail, 30 August 2013. Groves, Jason and David Williams ‘US ACCUSES ASSAD OVER SYRIAN CHEMICAL STRIKE’, Daily Mail, 23 August 2013. Hastings, Max ‘Why I fear the West can’t influence the powder keg that is the Arab World’ Daily Mail, 29 March 2011. Hastings, Max ‘A TYRANT FALLS, BUT I FEAR WHAT WILL COME NEXT’ Daily Mail, 21 October 2011. Heffer, Simon ‘POSTURING DAVE MUST STOP PLAYING THE WORLD'S POLICEMAN’ Daily Mail, 23 September 2011. Heffer, Simon ‘HAS MR CAMERON LEARNT NOTHING FROM BLAIR'S DISASTROUS WARMONGERING?’ Daily Mail, 22 June 2013. Kelly, Tom and Ian Drury ‘30 KILLED IN DEMOCRACY RIOTS’ Daily Mail, 26 March 2011. Letts, Quentin ‘FINGERS WERE WAGGED ABOUT NOT RESPECTING MINORITIES ETHNIC MINORITIES’ Daily Mail, 21 May 2013. Mail Foreign Service ‘SYRIAN REBELS USED NERVE GAS, CLAIMS UN INSPECTOR’ Daily Mail, 7 May 2013. Peev, Gerri ‘PRESCOTT SAYS IRAQ WAR MAY HAVE BEEN ILLEGAL’ Daily Mail, 20 March 2013. Sandbrook, Dominic ‘WHAT'S GONE WRONG WITH HAGUE?’, Daily Mail, 1 June 2013. Shipman, Tim ‘LET'S TAKE ON THE TYRANTS, SAYS PM’, Daily Mail, 22 September 2011. Shipman, Tim ‘We'll help rebels overthrow Syrian murderers’, Daily Mail, 7 February 2012. Shipman, Tim ‘CABINET IS SPLIT' OVER PLAN TO ARM SYRIA REBELS’, Daily Mail, 6 June 2013. Walker, Kirsty ‘PM BLASTS SYRIA'S 'WRETCHED TYRANT'’, Daily Mail, 29 January 2012. Walker, Kirsty ‘SYRIA’S TOP DIPLOMAT IS EXPELLED OVER HOULA MASSACRE’, Daily Mail, 30 May 2012. Walker, Kirsty ‘PM’S TOUGH LINE ON SYRIAN CHEMICAL WEAPONS THREAT’, Daily Mail, 24 August 2012. Williams, David ‘No. 10 hasn’t ruled out strikes on Syria’, Mail on Sunday, 22 July 2012. Williams, David and Tim Shipman ‘PM: WMD FIASCO HAS HIT WEST'S FIGHT AGAINST ASSAD’, Mail on Sunday, 27 April 2013.

MailOnline Alexander, Andrew ‘Foreign wars and a chilling legacy of hate’, MailOnline, 28 May 2013. AP Reporter ‘Is America about to start arming Syrian rebels?’, MailOnline, 10 June 2013. AP Reporter and Daily Mail Reporter ‘What now for Obama?’, MailOnline, 29 August 2013. Birrell, Ian ‘The boy prankster who triggered Syria's bloody genocide with slogans sprayed in his schoolyard', MailOnline, 27 April 2013. Blake, Matt, ‘Surge in demand for gas masks in Israel as Assad government insists it is in 'full control of chemical weapon stockpiles'', MailOnline, 24 July 2012. Blake, Matt, ‘Syrian rebel 'cuts out soldier's heart and EATS it' in horrific propaganda video', MailOnline, 13 May 2013. Bond, Anthony, ‘'We took their fingernails out with pliers and we made them eat them. We made them suck their own blood off the floor', MailOnline, 3 July 2012. Bond, Anthony, ‘‘How long are we going to sit and watch a generation being wiped out?'’, MailOnline, 31 August 2012. Bond, Anthony, ‘'We now know Brits cannot be counted on'’, MailOnline, 31 August 2013. Bond, Anthony, Graham Smith and Rob Preece ‘Assad regime threatens to use chemical weapons against foreign countries who intervene as violence in Syria escalates', MailOnline, 24 July 2012. Bradley, John ‘As hated leaders are replaced by even more brutally oppressive regimes across the Middle East, the Arab Spring has become a sick joke’ MailOnline, 28 June 2012. Brummer, Alex ‘Don't forget UK vital interests’ MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Burleigh, Michael ‘Last Chances in Syria’ MailOnline, 8 June 2012. Burleigh, Michael ‘As civil war rages in Syria, it is unlikely that there will be a rapid resolution of this conflict’ MailOnline, 16 July 2012. Burleigh, Michael ‘'Mission impossible'’ MailOnline, 3 August 2012. Burleigh, Michael ‘Horrific - but sending troops to Syria would be a catastrophe’, MailOnline, 26 April 2013. Burleigh, Michael ‘COULD SYRIA IGNITE WW3?’, MailOnline, 14 June 2013. Chapman, James ‘U.S. snubs Britain - and gets cosy with the French’ MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Chapman, James ‘Kerry cozies up to America's 'oldest ally' FRANCE and snubs humiliated British as he seeks support for strike on Syria’ MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Chorley, Matt ‘Britain officially recognises Syrian rebels’ MailOnline, 20 November 2012. Chorley, Matt ‘Britain to send vehicles and body armour to Syrian opposition after battle to oust Assad reached 'catastrophic proportions'’ MailOnline, 6 March 2013. Chorley, Matt ‘Britain to double 'non-lethal' support to Syrian opposition forces as Cameron warns Assad he cannot win military battle’ MailOnline, 13 May 2013. Chorley, Matt ‘Putin warns arming Syrian rebels would risk repeat of 'violent assassination' of British soldier in Woolwich’ MailOnline, 18 June 2013. Chorley, Matt ‘SamCam's Syrian lobbying: PM's wife 'is behind Cameron's sympathy for the rebels'’ MailOnline, 15 July 2013. Chorley, Matt ‘'The British aren't coming!'’ MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Chorley, Matt ‘Special relationship threatened as Cameron warned Britain has 'handed back the deputy sheriff's badge' by refusing to back the US’ MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Chorley, Matt and James Chapman ‘'Britain must now start soul-searching about its role in the world'’ MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Chorley, Matt and Mark Duell ‘Labour lodges complaint against PM's top spin doctor after he accuses Miliband of 'giving succour to Assad' for flip-flopping over Syria’ MailOnline, 29 August 2013. Chorley, Matt and Tim Shipman ‘Cameron hints at arming the Syrian rebellion in major escalation of British involvement in civil war’ MailOnline, 6 November 2012. Chorley, Matt and Tim Shipman ‘MPs will get vote on arming Syrian rebels, Cameron says as evidence mounts that Assad is using chemical weapons’ MailOnline, 5 June 2013. Cohen, Tamara ‘Miliband 'slams into reverse gear'’ MailOnline, 28 August 2013. Craven, Nick ‘Crisis deepens as Turkey fires more retaliatory strikes at Syria for fourth consecutive day’ MailOnline, 7 October 2012. Daily Mail, ‘William Hague compares Syria to Bosnia in 1990s’, MailOnline, 9 June 2012. Daily Mail, ‘France Ups the Ante’, MailOnline, 13 June 2012. Daily Mail Comment, ‘Don't throw a flame into Syria's tinderbox’, MailOnline, 10 June 2013. Daily Mail Comment, ‘MPs must have the last word on Syria’, MailOnline, 26 August 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘McCain repeats his call for military air strikes on Assad's Syrian regime as thousands flee to Lebanon', MailOnline, 6 March 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Thousands defy gunfire in Syria to stage street protest, a day after Damascus bombings', MailOnline, 11 May 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘'We'd have to intervene in Syria on a much larger scale than Libya'’, MailOnline, 1 June 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Stabbed to death and burned’, MailOnline, 7 June 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Mother burned to death with six of her children, including 10-year-old twins’, MailOnline, 8 June 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Hague welcomes stronger sanctions against Syria as NATO is warned against entering 'sacrosanct' territory’, MailOnline, 25 June 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Loss of Turkish fighter 'was an attack on Nato' says nation's government as army officers continue to defect’, MailOnline, 25 June 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Turkey brands Syria a 'clear threat' and vows to retaliate over downed fighter jet as Nato rejects military intervention’, MailOnline, 26 June 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Britain set to increase 'non-lethal' support for Syrian rebels as UN General Assembly votes by huge majority to denounce its own Security Council for failing to act’, MailOnline, 3 August 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘UN chief warn Syria risks becoming another Bosnian bloodbath unless world takes action’, MailOnline, 5 August 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, 'If Syria uses chemical weapons our response would be blistering', MailOnline, 3 Sepember 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Obama makes 'big step' and recognizes Syrian opposition’, MailOnline, 12 December 2012. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘'I just want to walk again'’, MailOnline, 14 January 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Obama vows 'eternal' American support for Israel in first of many symbolic meetings during his trip to the Jewish state’, MailOnline, 20 March 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Assad vows to 'cleanse' Syria after suicide bomber kills top Sunni cleric and MI6 investigates chemical weapon attack’, MailOnline, 22 March 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Britain set to end arms embargo on Syrian rebels as Assad 'massacres up to 100 men, women and children' with knives and guns’, MailOnline, 4 May 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Putin keeps John Kerry waiting for THREE HOURS during his visit to Russia for meetings over Syria as relationship between the U.S. and Russia remains frosty’, MailOnline, 8 May 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘No peace deal in Syria and I won't be stepping down, says president al-Assad in rare interview punctured by shell fire’, MailOnline, 19 May 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Russia says it will arm Syria with anti-aircraft missiles to prevent 'some hotheads' from intervening in the conflict’, MailOnline, 28 May 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘Obama and Cameron to use next week's G8 meeting to warn Putin they will take military action if he doesn't back down on Syria’, MailOnline, 14 June 2013. Daily Mail Reporter, ‘U.S. plans $50MILLION A DAY no-fly zone in Syria after finding proof that government used chemical weapons against rebels’, MailOnline, 14 June 2013. Daily Mail Reporter and Reuters Reporter ‘Senator John McCain makes a surprise visit to Syria rebel forces on Memorial Day as he calls for more U.S. aide to fight Assad’, MailOnline, 27 May 2013. Daily Mail Reporter and Reuters Reporter ‘Meghan McCain says that she found out about her famous father's surprise trip to Syria over on Memorial Day’, MailOnline, 28 May 2013. Dewsbury, Rick ‘Cameron says the 'noose is tightening' around Syrian regime’. MailOnline, 12 April 2012. Dewsbury, Rick ‘Russia backs Kofi Annan unity plan for Syria as Turkey moves military hardware to the border’ MailOnline, 28 June 2012. Drury, Ian ‘ task force of 3,000 troops on standby to evacuate UK citizens from Syria and provide help to thousands of refugees’, MailOnline, 19 November 2012. Drury, Ian ‘Don't turn Syria into a 'Tesco for terrorists' like Libya, generals tell Cameron’, MailOnline, 17 June 2013. Drury, Ian ‘DON'T START WHAT YOU CAN'T FINISH WARN THE TOP BRASS’, MailOnline, 27 August 2013. Drury, Ian ‘Missile strikes may lead to terror attacks on UK, warn military experts’, MailOnline, 28 August 2013. Drury, Ian ‘Intelligence report backing Cameron's case for Syria strikes has echoes of 'dodgy dossiers' from Blair era’, MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Evans, Becky ‘Has the War on Terror failed?’, MailOnline, 4 December 2012. Gardner, Joshua and Reuters Reporter ‘A strike against Syria will put the U.S. on the same side as Al- Qaeda for the first time in history and could pave the way toward a power grab by the terrorist group’, MailOnline, 28 August 2013. Gayle, Damien and Mail Foreign Service ‘UN accuses Syrian rebels of carrying out sarin gas attacks which had been blamed on Assad's troops’, MailOnline, 7 May 2013. Groves, Jason ‘Britain could go it alone and arm Syrian rebels if Europe won't’, MailOnline, 12 March 2013. Groves, Jason ‘'Recall Parliament NOW'’, MailOnline, 25 August 2013. Groves, Jason ‘The world can’t stand idly by, says Cameron’, MailOnline, 27 August 2013. Groves, Jason ‘Tory rebels force PM to pull back’, MailOnline, 28 August 2013. Groves, Jason and Mark Duell ‘'Blood on their hands'’, MailOnline, 26 September 2012. Groves, Jason and Mark Duell ‘Cameron forced to put Syria airstrike on hold’, MailOnline, 28 August 2013. Groves, Jason, Jessica Jerreat and Hayley Patterson ‘U.S. marches closer to strikes on Syria’, MailOnline, 26 August 2013. Groves, Jason, Jessica Jerreat and Hayley Patterson ‘UN chemical weapons inspectors shot at by snipers in Syria - as brutal dictator warns Obama any military intervention would 'be another Vietnam'’, MailOnline, 26 August 2013. Groves, Jason and David Williams ‘U.S. accuses Assad over Syrian chemical strike: Pressure grows on West to arm rebels after massacre of 1,700’, MailOnline, 22 August 2013. Gye, Hogi, Peter Allen and Anthony Bond ‘Horrific pictures reveal the slaughter in Syria as government forces capture key town and Britain accuses regime of attacking rebels with chemical weapons'’, MailOnline, 5 June 2013. Hastings, Max ‘We'll need great courage to tackle this deadly new face of terror’, MailOnline, 18 January 2013. Hastings, Max ‘An African crusade is lunacy when cuts have left us barely enough soldiers to troop the colour’, MailOnline, 22 January 2013. Hastings, Max ‘We've got enough problems at home without charging into yet another foreign bloodbath’, MailOnline, 27 May 2013. Hastings, Max ‘Immature advisers, moral indignation and the folly of wading into this bloody morass’, MailOnline, 26 August 2013. Hastings, Max ‘Cameron's Syrian war games are a shambles’, MailOnline, 29 August 2013. Hastings, Max ‘A disaster? No, it's high time Britain stopped being Uncle Sam's poodle...’, MailOnline, 30 August 2013. Heffer, Simon ‘The Prime Minister's determination to intervene in Syria reveals he has been seduced by the glamour of international statesmanship?’ MailOnline, 22 June 2013. Heffer, Simon ‘Cameron risks a war with his own party’ MailOnline, 28 August 2013. Hills, Suzannah ‘Iran to send 4,000 troops to support President Assad in Syria as British Armed Forces play war games on border’, MailOnline, 16 June 2013. Hills, Suzannah ‘UN inspectors WILL visit Syria to investigate 'chemical' attacks as US says there is 'little doubt' banned weapons were used’, MailOnline, 25 August 2013. Hills, Suzannah ‘Iran military chief warns U.S. of 'severe consequences' if it intervenes in Syrian civil war as Cameron and Obama discuss crisis’, MailOnline, 25 August 2013. Hitchens, Peter ‘DRAGGING US INTO A FUTILE WAR IS A JOB FOR POLITICAL BLOWHARDS, GENERAL -- NOT YOU’, MailOnline, 29 August 2013. Jay, Martin ‘Hezbollah hints Lebanese militia is ready to back President Assad in Syrian war as conflict threatens to spread’, MailOnline, 2 May 2013. Jung, Najeeb ‘Syria poses a spiralling threat to global peace’, MailOnline, 7 May 2013. Letts, Quentin ‘Tony Blair poisoned the well' of public trust, snarled PM’ MailOnline, 29 August 2013. MailOnline, ‘Four battleships move within striking range of Syria’, MailOnline, 25 August 2013. Mail on Sunday Reporter, ‘Eight die as Syrian truce is broken and forces loyal to President renew attacks on major cities’, MailOnline, 28 October 2012. McCain, Jaymi, ‘'Naive, confused and unrealistic'’, MailOnline, 3 March 2013. McCain, Jaymi, ‘Assad offers peace talks to Syrian rebels as he accuses the British government of bullying tactics’, MailOnline, 3 March 2013. McKay, Peter ‘As the West considers action against the ruling Assad regime in Syria, we must take note of a chilling warning from 1914’, MailOnline, 25 August 2013. Newmark, Brooks ‘I'm sorry, General, we have let you down’, MailOnline, 31 August 2013. Nolan, Steve, ‘Were these sheep and lambs killed by nerve gas attack in Syria?’, MailOnline, 27 April 2013. Nolan, Steve, ‘Axed chemical weapons unit could be reopened as UK considers joining US in intervening in Syria’, MailOnline, 17 June 2013. O’Hare, Sean ‘France moves closer to arming Syrian rebels as it considers hi-tech tracking scheme to stop guns falling into terrorists' hands’, MailOnline 7 June 2013. Owen, Pamela ‘William Hague says Syria is like Bosnia in the 1990s as he warns the country is on the brink of a civil war’, MailOnline 10 June 2012. Peterson, Hayley ‘OBAMA COULD attack Syria with a cruise missile strike as early as THURSDAY as poll shows only NINE percent of Americans support action’, MailOnline 27 August 2013. Ramdani, Nabila and Ian Gallagher ‘As the world dithers over Syria, shocking evidence of an entire family massacred by Assad thugs’, MailOnline 10 June 2012. Reilly, Jill ‘Zionism is 'crime against humanity' like Fascism and anti-Semitism’, MailOnline 1 March 2013. Reilly, Jill ‘Triumphant Syrian soldiers parade through streets of devastated city as battle breaks out UN border post in Golan Heights’, MailOnline 6 June 2013. Reilly, Jill ‘U.S. spies certain Assad used nerve gas 'after intercepting phone call from panicking Syrian defence chief demanding an explanation from its chemical weapon military unit'’, MailOnline 28 August 2013. Reuters Reporter ‘Attacking Syria may lead to terror attacks, cyber warfare and missile attacks on US soil, warn military experts’, MailOnline 29August 2013. Robinson, Martin ‘'It is time we took sides'’, MailOnline 27 August 2013. Robinson, Martin ‘Cameron attempts to secure UN Security Council backing to take 'necessary measures to protect civilians' in Syria’, MailOnline 28 August 2013. Robinson, Martin and James Rush ‘'We're ready to go'’, MailOnline 27 August 2013. Rush, James ‘I'm going to copy Cameron! Drama as Obama vows to bomb Syria - but only after U.S. vote (and suddenly Britain is his 'closest ally' again)’, MailOnline 31 August 2013. Rush, James, Jill Reilly and Jaymi McCann ‘Egypt uprising death toll reaches 75 as new militant group arms itself and brands the military coup a 'war against Islam'’, MailOnline 6 July 2013. Rush, James, Jill Reilly and Jaymi McCann ‘Egypt in chaos’, MailOnline 6 July 2013. Sandbrook, Dominic ‘William Hague's eagerness to intervene in Syria proves that, like many before him, he has fallen victim to the temptations of office’, MailOnline, 31 May 2013. Sears, Neil ‘As West debated air strikes on Syria, where was peace envoy Blair?’, MailOnline, 27 August 2013. Shipman, Tim ‘Britain seeks UN resolution to remove Assad from Syria as Hague won't rule out war’, MailOnline, 4 July 2012. Sibal, Kanwal ‘Delhi's craven policy on Syria’, MailOnline, 23 July 2012. Smith, Graham ‘Rebels control Syria's international borders but Assad forces strike back and drive freedom fighters out of fiercely-contested Damascus district’, MailOnline, 20 July 2012. Tomlinson, Simon ‘Top U.S. General says stopping a Syrian chemical attack is 'almost unachievable'’, MailOnline, 11 January 2013. Walters, Simon ‘Hague’s revulsion at massacre of 50 Syrian children’, MailOnline, 27 May 2012. Walters, Simon ‘Syrian rebel to make shock visit to UK to beg Hague for 'game-changing' firepower against Assad’, MailOnline, 25 August 2013. Watson, Leon ‘Assad has loaded deadly nerve gas into aerial bombs and is prepared to use them against his own people, claims US intelligence’, MailOnline, 6 December 2012. Watson, Leon ‘'At the end of the day you have to ask yourself was it legitimate to go in?'’, MailOnline, 20 March 2013. Webb, Sam ‘'Heinous' bomb attack on Syrian university while students sat exams which killed at least 87 people condemned by UN as a 'war crime'’, MailOnline, 16 January 2013. Webb, Sam ‘Iran threatens to retaliate after Israel bombs 'Russian weapons convoy' in Syria’, MailOnline, 31 January 2013. Webb, Sam ‘Genocide in Syria as 1,300 people including hundreds of women and children are wiped out in nerve gas attack say Syrian rebels as Hague warns use of chemical weapons would mark 'shocking escalation'’, MailOnline, 21 August 2013. Webb, Sam ‘Nerve gas attack near Damascus kills 213 including women and children say Syrian rebels as Hague warns use of chemical weapons would mark 'shocking escalation'’, MailOnline, 21 August 2013. West, Matt ‘Britain is war-weary and suffering from 'Vietnam phenomenon' after decade of fighting in Middle East says Defence Secretary’, MailOnline, 15 June 2013. Widdop, Kevin ‘And the dead STILL pile up’, MailOnline, 6 April 2012. Williams, David and Dani Porter ‘Assad regime suffers major blow as senior Syria ambassador defects from beleaguered government’, MailOnline, 12 July 2012. Williams, David ‘600 British troops are on standby over Syria crisis’, MailOnline, 20 July 2012.

The Mirror Alexander, Douglas ‘We must act now to prevent genocide’, The Mirror, 30 May 2012. Austin, Mark ‘Eyes wide shut to Syria's horror’, Daily Mirror, 24 August 2013. Austin, Mark ‘Their lives in Putin's hands’, Daily Mirror, 9 December 2012. Austin, Mark ‘Eyes wide shut to Syria's horror’, Daily Mirror, 24 August 2013. Beattie, Jason ‘POLITICAL EDITOR JASON BEATTIE ON WHY THIS ARAB SPRING MAY LOOK LIKE THE LAST, BUT ANY INTERVENTION IS FRAUGHT WITH DANGER’, Daily Mirror, 9 February 2012. Beattie, Jason ‘DO YOU WANT TO ARM MEN WHO EAT PEOPLE'S ORGANS?’, Daily Mirror, 17 June 2013. Beattie, Jason and Chris Hughes ‘WAR IS ON HOLD’, Daily Mirror, 29 June 2013. Editorial ‘Act on Syria’, Daily Mirror, 27 April 2013. Editorial ‘War's not up to Cam’, Daily Mirror, 27 August 2013. Editorial ‘War now is big risk’, Daily Mirror, 29 August 2013. Ezrow, Natasha ‘SYRIA HELL NOT SAME AS LIBYA’, Daily Mirror, 23 February 2012. Ezrow, Natasha ‘SANCTIONS WON'T HURT THE REGIME’, Daily Mirror, 25 February 2012. Ezrow, Natasha ‘Could the West be dragged into Syria's madness?’, Daily Mirror, 5 October 2012. Hughes, Chris ‘WE BACK REBELS’, Daily Mirror, 11 April 2012. Hughes, Chris ‘"Hopefully Assad is next"’, Daily Mirror, 19 July 2012. Hughes, Chris ‘Syria rebels shoot dead top general’, Daily Mirror, 31 October 2012. Hughes, Chris and Sarah Newey ‘SLAUGHTER OF THE INNOCENTS’, Daily Mirror, 22 August 2012. Mason, Jeff ‘'Chemicals are a game changer'’, Daily Mirror, 27 April 2013. McTague, Tom ‘CAM: ARAB SPRING IS A CALL TO ARMS’, Daily Mirror, 23 September 2011. McTague, Tom ‘Cam: Putin backs Syria peace aims’, Daily Mirror, 11 May 2013. Owen, David ‘Russia must take all this seriously’, Daily Mirror, 27 August 2013. Parker, Fiona ‘Syria's not our war’ The Mirror, 3 June 2013. Parker, Fiona ‘Syria is not our fight’ The Mirror, 21 June 2013. Parsons, Tony ‘IF DAVE HAD TO SEND HIS KIDS TO WAR, WE'D ALL LIVE IN PEACE’ The Mirror, 26 March 2011. Parsons, Tony ‘Cameron and his ego of mass destruction’ The Mirror, 21 July 2012. Prescott, John ‘Iraq: why we were wrong’ The Mirror, 17 March 2013. Reade, Brian ‘Rush to war a Little Brit silly’, Daily Mirror, 29 August 2013. The Mirror ‘Assad 'used deadly sarin on enemies'’, Daily Mirror, 26 April 2013. White, Stephen ‘SYRIA'S IRON FIST’ Daily Mirror, 26 April 2011 The Sunday Mirror Austin, Mark, ‘HOLD FIRE ON SYRIA’, Sunday Mirror, 12 February 2012. Editorial, ‘Damned if we do’, Sunday Mirror, 3 June 2012. Yarranton, Lesley, ‘THE WORLD JUST CAN'T ' ALLOW THIS TO HAPPEN’, Sunday Mirror, 3 June 2012.

Morning Star Arbuthnot, Felicity ‘The grim legacy of destruction’ Morning Star, 31 January 2013. Bagley, Roger ‘All sides warn against Syria arms supplies’ Morning Star, 17 June 2013. Chacko, Ben and Will Stone ‘Cowardly Cameron backs Obama bloodshed in Syria’ Morning Star, 14 June 2013. Charles, Simon ‘Suspicious Syria spin’ Morning Star, 4 January 2012. Corbyn, Jeremy ‘West needs weaning off military force’ Morning Star, 26 February 2012. Corbyn, Jeremy ‘Delusions of grandeur’ Morning Star, 16 May 2012. Corn, Jeremy ‘Syria the West’s next war target’ Morning Star, 10 October 2012. Corn, Jeremy ‘War at home and abroad’ Morning Star, 22 January 2013. Coyle, Kenny ‘Syria's agony is far from finished’ Morning Star, 10 January 2013. Editorial ‘Cool heads are needed’ Morning Star, 27 May 2012. Editorial ‘Enriched by war crimes’ Morning Star, 2 September 2012. Editorial ‘Ignore Blair's lust for war’ Morning Star, 3 February 2013. Editorial ‘A shameless march to war’ Morning Star, 28 May 2013. Editorial ‘No more new wars’ Morning Star, 26 August 2013. Galloway, George ‘A dangerous game’ Morning Star, 26 August 2011. Galloway, George ‘An imperial adventure set to continue’ Morning Star, 10 February 2012. German, Lindsey ‘Ten years on: Endless war?’ Morning Star, 8 February 2013. German, Lindsey ‘Our government has put us at risk’ Morning Star, 23 May 2013. German, Lindsey ‘When will the West ever learn?’ Morning Star, 26 August 2013. James, Luke ‘Syrian war drums beat ever louder’ Morning Star, 26 August 2013. McGuffin, Paddy ‘Hague plots Syrian regime change’ Morning Star, 16 November 2012. McGuffin, Paddy ‘Activists mark Iraq anniversary’ Morning Star, 15 February 2013. McGuffin, Paddy ‘Stop the War calls Syria demo’ Morning Star, 27 August 2013. Morning Star ‘China barb leaves Clinton red-faced’ Morning Star, 5 September 2012. Morning Star ‘Britain beats drum for Syria intervention’ Morning Star, 22 August 2013. Morning Star Foreign Desk ‘West 'blackmailing' its way to military attack on Syria’ Morning Star, 16 July 2012. Nousratpour, Louise ‘Hague sets sights on Syria conflict’ Morning Star, 26 April 2011. Nousratpour, Louise ‘Hague denies aid for Syria rebels’ Morning Star, 10 February 2012. O’Brien, Brendan ‘US ends chance of Syria peace’ Morning Star, 14 June 2013. Patey, Tony ‘U. S. in fresh push for war on Syria’ Morning Star, 25 February 2012. Sinclair, Ian ‘More than meets the eye in Syria’ Morning Star, 2 May 2013. Stone, Will ‘West 'exploiting chemical fears' to build case for troops in Syria’ Morning Star, 26 April 2013. Taqz, Akel ‘No end in sight for Palestine's tragedy’ Morning Star, 14 May 2013.

New York Times Bakri, Nada ‘At Least 34 People Killed in Syria as Monitors Are Unable to Quell Violence’ New York Times, 17 January 2012 Barnard, Anne ‘Massacre Is Reported in Homs, Raising Pressure for Intervention in Syria’ New York Times, 12 March 2012 Barnard, Anne and Alan Cowell ‘4 Gulf States Shun Syria as Turkey Warns Citizens to Leave’ New York Times, 16 March 2012 Barnard, Anne and Rick Gladstone ‘Syria Expands Assault, Hitting Rebel Enclaves in City in North’ New York Times, 13 March 2012 Barry, Ellen ‘As Nations Line Up Against Syrian Government, Russia Sides Firmly With Assad’ New York Times, 27 January 2012 Barry, Ellen ‘Russia Seems to Soften its Support for Syria’ New York Times, 20 March 2012 Barry, Ellen and Michael Schwirtz ‘Russian Says Western Support for Arab Revolts Could Cause a ‘Big War’’ New York Times, 19 January 2012 Bumiller, Elisabeth ‘Military points to risks of a Syrian intervention’ New York Times, 11 March 2012 Bumiller, Elisabeth and Rick Gladstone ‘Top Pentagon Officials Stress Risks in Syria’ New York Times, 7 March 2012 Cowell, Alan and Steven Lee Myers ‘UN Panel accuses Syrian Government of crimes against humanity’ New York Times, 23 February 2012 Cushman, John ‘McCain Calls For U.S.-Led Airstrikes Against Syria’ New York Times, 5 February 2012 Editorial ‘Get Tougher on Assad’ New York Times, 22 December 2011 Editorial ‘Violence Continues in Syria’ New York Times, 10 January 2012 Editorial ‘Syria’s rising toll’ New York Times, 19 January 2012 Editorial ‘Killing in Syria’ New York Times, 6 February 2012 Editorial ‘Syria’s Horrors’ New York Times, 24 February 2012 Editorial ‘Crushing Homs’ New York Times, 2 March 2012 Editorial ‘Wrong Ways to Fight Assad’ New York Times, 20March 2012 Erlanger, Steven ‘Syrian Conflict Poses the Risk of Wider Strife’ New York Times, 25 February 2012 Fahim, Kareem ‘Syrian Rebels Make Inroads With Help of Armed Fighters’ New York Times, 27 January 2012 Fahim, Kareem ‘No talks with Syria Opposition, Leader tells UN envoy’ New York Times, 10 March 2012 Fahim, Kareem ‘UN envoy leaves Syria emptyhanded’ New York Times, 11 March 2012 Fahim, Kareem and Ellen Barry ‘Syria Targets Rebels Based in Suburbs of Damascus’ New York Times, 29 January 2012 Fahim, Kareem and Neil MacFarquhar ‘Syria Rejects Peace Effort From Region’ New York Times, 19 January 2012 Gladstone, Rick ‘Waiting in the Wings, a Survivor of Three Decades of Syrian Politics’ New York Times, 3 February 2012 Gladstone, Rick ‘General Assembly votes to condemn Syrian leader’ New York Times, 16 February 2012 Gladstone, Rick ‘Momentum builds for Syria action ahead of Tunis conference’ New York Times, 17 February 2012 Gladstone, Rick ‘Syria permits UN visits, but escalates its attack’ New York Times, 5 March 2012 Goodman, J David and Nick Cumming-Bruce ‘Diplomats Warn Syria of Consequences for Violent Crackdown’ New York Times, 28 February 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘At U.N., Pressure Is on Russia for Refusal to Condemn Syria’ New York Times, 31 January 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘Diplomats at U.N. Haggle With Russia Toward a Compromise on Syria’ New York Times, 1 February 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘U.N. Tentatively Backs a Plan for Syria’ New York Times, 2 February 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘2 Security Complex Car Bombings Kill Dozens, Syria Says’ New York Times, 10 February 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘After a year, Deep divisions hobble Syria’s opposition’ New York Times, 23 February 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘Syrian Forces Overwhelm Stronghold of Rebels in Homs’ New York Times, 2 March 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘More Violence in Syria as Forces Scramble to Scrub Signs of Assault on Homs’ New York Times, 6 March 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil ‘U.N. Leader Says Assad Must Shift Syria’s Course’ New York Times, 13 March 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil and Hwaida Saad ‘Fighting Escalates in Syria as Opposition Rejects Russian Plan’ New York Times, 30 January 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil and Alan Cowell ‘With Cities Under Fire, Syria Hastens Referendum’ New York Times, 15 February 2012 MacFarquhar, Neil and Alan Cowell ‘Syria Blocks Red Cross Aid to Rebel Enclave in Homs’ New York Times, 2 March 2012 Rubin, Alissa ‘Two senators say US should arm Syrian Rebels’ New York Times, 19 February 2012 Schwirtz, Michael ‘Russia Rejects Draft U.N. Resolution on Syria’ New York Times, 3 February 2012 Schwirtz, Michael and Rick Gladstone ‘Stung by criticism, Russia sends envoys to Syria to Defuse Crisis’ New York Times, 7 February 2012 Shadid, Anthony ‘US Embassy in Syria Closes as Violence Flares’ New York Times, 6 February 2012 Slaughter, Anne Marie ‘How to halt the butchery in Syria’ New York Times, 23 February 2012 Stack, Liam and Neil MacFarquhar ‘US Embassy in Syria Closes as Violence Flares’ New York Times, 12 February 2012

The Telegraph AFP ‘Syria 'welcomes' US-Russia proposal’, Telegraph.co.uk, 9 May 2013. AFP ‘Israel simulates chemical weapons attack’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 May 2013. AFP ‘"What is happening in Egypt is the fall of what is known as political Islam,"’, Telegraph.co.uk, 4 July 2013. AP ‘US 'will not intervene in Syria as rebels don't support interests', says top general’, Telegraph.co.uk, 21 August 2013. Agencies ‘Fears grow of Syrian arms race as EU and Russia move on weapons’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 May 2013. Alexander, Douglas ‘Labour Party Conference: Douglas Alexander's speech in full’, Telegraph.co.uk, 26 September 2011. Alexander, Harriet ‘Brazil and Latin America loom large in William Hague's world, but Iran and the Middle East keep him awake’, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 January 2012. Alexander, Harriet ‘Britain pledges to work with Egypt's new rulers’, Telegraph.co.uk, 4 July 2013. Alexander, Harriet and Andrew Webster ‘'Perfidious Albion': world commentators take aim at UK’, The Telegraph.co.uk, 31 August 2013. Allaf, Rime ‘Assad has run out of friends, and out of time’, , 9 June 2011. Allen, Peter ‘French oppose military intervention in Syria and don't trust Francois Holande to carry it out’, The Daily Telegraph, 31 August 2013. Babich, Dmitry ‘You say you want a revolution?’, The Daily Telegraph, 19 April 2011. Babich, Dmitry ‘Brics bond over West's interventionism’, The Daily Telegraph, 15 May 2012. Barrett, David ‘Report fails to give MPs conclusive evidence’, The Daily Telegraph, 30 August 2013. Barrett, David ‘Former senior diplomat urges caution’, The Daily Telegraph, 27 August 2013. Barrett, David ‘What is the legal position for military action?’, Telegraph.co.uk, 27 August 2013. Barrett, David ‘William Hague must resign, says UKIP’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Bingham, John ‘Welby warns against 'rushing to judgment' over Syria intervention’, The Daily Telegraph, 27 August 2013. Bingham, John ‘Military action in Syria would spark Middle East war, warns Lord Carey’, The Daily Telegraph, 28 August 2013. Blair, David ‘Syria: security forces have killed at least 256 children since start of protests’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 November 2011. Blair, David ‘Syria: Russia’s risky calculation to hang on to an old island of Soviet influence’, The Telegraph, 7 February 2012. Blair, David ‘If anyone tells you there's an easy fix to the crisis in Syria, they're lying’, Telegraph.co.uk, 7 February 2012. Blair, David ‘Syria: Russia accuses West of being "accomplices" in violence’, Telegraph.co.uk, 10 February 2012. Blair, David ‘The US should bomb the Syrian army to stop attacks on cities and carve out "safe havens" for rebel fighters’, The Telegraph, 5 March 2012. Blair, David ‘Syrian forces accused of killing 45 women and children’, The Telegraph, 12 March 2012. Blair, David ‘Syria: Bashar al-Assad must obey peace plan or other countries will arm opposition’, The Telegraph, 1 April 2012. Blair, David ‘Bashar al-Assad’s adversaries likely to return to UN Security Council’, The Telegraph, 11 April 2012. Blair, David ‘Syria: No end in sight’, The Telegraph, 28 May 2012. Blair, David ‘Envoys expelled as world shuns Syria’, The Telegraph, 30 May 2012. Blair, David ‘Syria and chemical weapons’, The Telegraph, 24 July 2012. Blair, David ‘Putin thinks Cameron conned him over Libya. He won't allow that to happen again with Syria’, The Telegraph, 2 August 2012. Blair, David ‘Rebels or revolutionaries? The Russian media's coverage of Syria's uprising is a distorted reflection of our own’, The Telegraph, 7 August 2012. Blair, David ‘Western reports on Syria only really agree on one thing: the conflict won't end soon’, The Telegraph, 17 August 2012. Blair, David ‘Is Assad cornered and frightened, considering using chemical weapons against the Syrian people?’, The Telegraph, 4 December 2012. Blair, David ‘First glimmers of American and Russian agreement on Syria’, The Telegraph, 9 May 2013. Blair, David ‘Obama ignored all his advisers on Syria - and he isn't going to change his mind’, The Telegraph, 15 May 2013. Blair, David ‘Obama's red line has been shown to be meaningless. If you lack stomach for the fight, don't draw a line’, The Telegraph, 22 August 2013. Blair, David ‘Caution from America as Hague accuses Assad’, The Telegraph, 24 August 2013. Blair, David ‘For the world's good, America's credibility as a superpower must be maintained’, The Telegraph, 26 August 2013. Blair, David ‘Cameron wants a repeat of Iraq - but of 1998, not 2003’, The Telegraph, 27 August 2013. Blair, David and agencies ‘Britain says it is 'very likely' regime has used chemical weapons’, The Telegraph, 5 June 2013. Blair, David and Richard Spencer, ‘A new terror threatens Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 13 February 2012. Blair, David and Alex Spillius, ‘Arab League calls for UN help over Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 24 November 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syrian army seals off city in Assad's heartland after protests spread’, The Daily Telegraph, 28 March 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘22 feared dead as Syria tanks shell suburbs’, The Daily Telegraph, 12 May 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘'Scorched-earth' tactics against Syrian province’, The Daily Telegraph, 22 June 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Hague rules out armed action over killings in Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 2 August 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Scores dead as Syria widens attack on protesters’, The Daily Telegraph, 8 August 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria isolated as Saudis lead Arab criticism’, The Daily Telegraph, 9 August 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Arab League warns of 'disastrous consequences' for the Middle East after Syria peace plan fails’, The Daily Telegraph, 6 November 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syrian opposition declares Homs a 'humanitarian disaster zone'’, The Daily Telegraph, 7 November 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Bodies rot in the streets of besieged Syrian city’, The Daily Telegraph, 8 November 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria accused of buying time after signing Arab League protocol’, The Daily Telegraph, 19 December 2011. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Iran warships deployed on Syria coast’, The Daily Telegraph, 20 February 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Tehran fans the flames as its warships dock in Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 21 February 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syrian heavy armour advances on rebel city’, The Daily Telegraph, 22 February 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Kofi Annan: is he the right trouble shooter for Syria?’, The Daily Telegraph, 24 February 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Turkey threatens military incursion into northern Syria as refugees flee across its borders’, The Daily Telegraph, 15 March 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria: Assad regime blames Saudi Arabia and Qatar for bomb attacks’, The Daily Telegraph, 18 March 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Barack Obama's personal pledge to aid Syria rebels’, The Daily Telegraph, 25 March 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Kofi Annan urges 'consequences' if Assad doesn't end violence’, Telegraph.co.uk, 8 June 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘West rebuffs proposal to work with Iran to solve crisis’, The Telegraph, 8 June 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria: Russia to send marines to naval base’, The Telegraph, 18 June 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syrian forces prepare for Homs ground assault’, The Daily Telegraph, 21 December 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria: Turkey to convene emergency Nato meeting’, The Daily Telegraph, 24 June 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syrian opposition rejects international peace initiative’, The Daily Telegraph, 2 July 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria: senior Assad general defects to rebels’, The Daily Telegraph, 5 July 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria: helicopter gunships fire on villagers in fresh massacre’, The Daily Telegraph, 12 July 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Analysis: What lies behind the Syrian massacres’, The Daily Telegraph, 13 July 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Residents flee Damascus as Syrian capital sees heaviest fighting so far in country's 'civil war'’, The Daily Telegraph, 16 July 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘French minister calls for limited no-fly zone in Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 24 August 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Momentum for Syria no-fly zone increases’, The Daily Telegraph, 25 August 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Dozens 'executed' by Assad forces’, The Daily Telegraph, 27 August 2012. Blomfield, Adrian ‘Syria carries out chemical weapons drill’, The Daily Telegraph, 18 September 2012. Blomfield, Adrian and Mark Hughes ‘Syria: western powers close to abandoning UN peace plan’, The Daily Telegraph, 7 June 2012. Blomfield, Adrian and Damien McElroy ‘France confirms it is working to establish buffer zone within Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 27 August 2012. Blomfield, Adrian and Ruth Sherlock ‘Turkey urged to take military action on Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 18 November 2011. Blomfield, Adrian and Ruth Sherlock ‘Syria expels British ambassador’, The Daily Telegraph, 5 June 2012. Blomfield, Adrian and Richard Spencer ‘Syria: Arab League refuses to withdraw observer mission’, The Daily Telegraph, 9 January 2012. Blomfield, Adrian, Alex Spillius and Tom Parfitt ‘UN chief pleads for unity amid fears of ethnic cleansing’, The Daily Telegraph, 14 July 2012. Blomfield, Adrian, Alex Spillius and Ruth Sherlock ‘Syrian rebels take control of the Iraq and Turkey border crossings’, The Daily Telegraph, 19 July 2012. Blomfield, Adrian and Jon Swaine ‘Frontier escape from the butcher of Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 9 June 2011. Blomfield, Adrian and Bruno Waterfield ‘My people love me, says Assad as protesters take to streets’, The Daily Telegraph, 21 June 2011. Brenton, Tony ‘Moscow protests: is this the start of the Russian Spring’, Telegraph.co.uk, 20 December 2011. Bridgen, Andrew ‘The Government must make a compelling case for intervention in Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Brogan, Benedict ‘Intervening in Syria is a terrible idea - but we might just have to’, Telegraph.co.uk, 17 June 2013. Brogan, Benedict and James Kirkup ‘Philip Hammond: Afghanistan is 'our Vietnam and will be UK's last big conflict'’, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 June 2013. Brogan, Benedict and James Kirkup ‘Afghanistan 'is our Vietnam, making UK wary of another war''’, The Telegraph, 15 June 2013. Bunn, Edward and Philip Congdon ‘Attempting regime change in Syria would be to repeat former blunders; Letters to the Editor’, The Daily Telegraph, 17 June 2013. Burge, Paul ‘Syrian rebels defiant despite government advances’, Telegraph.co.uk, 7 February 2012. Colvile, Robert ‘Bombing Syria may be a futile gesture. But that doesn't mean we shouldn't do it’, The Telegraph, 28 August 2013. Coughlin, Con ‘From Arab Spring to boiling-hot summer; Iran is ruthlessly exploiting the pro- democracy movement for its own ends’, The Telegraph, 11 May 2011. Coughlin, Con ‘To achieve regime change in Syria, we must fight as dirty as Russia’, The Telegraph, 8 June 2011. Coughlin, Con ‘A lucky escape in Libya’, TheTelegraph.co.uk, 16 October 2011. Coughlin, Con ‘America is retreating from the world stage’, TheTelegraph.co.uk, 16 October 2011. Coughlin, Con ‘Without Saudi support, Syria's brutal dictatorship looks doomed’, The Telegraph, 20 December 2011. Coughlin, Con ‘Let's learn the lessons from Libya before we take on Syria’, The Telegraph, 7 February 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘Prince Harry in firing line’, The Telegraph, 9 February 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘Russia is squaring up for a fight with America over Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 9 February 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘How many more bodies before Assad's allies finally see sense?’, The Telegraph, 24 February 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘So much for the Arab Spring - it was no prelude to democracy’, The Telegraph, 1 June 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘What is a 'mediator'? Just the useless tool of politicians determined to be seen to be doing something’, Telegraph.co.uk, 10 July 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘Can Obama prevent a chemical nightmare’, Telegraph.co.uk, 21 August 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘Be wary of playing Turkey's great game’, Telegraph.co.uk, 4 October 2012. Coughlin, Con ‘Without America's help, Europe's defenders can't get off the ground’, Telegraph.co.uk, 17 January 2013. Coughlin, Con ‘'There will be no ground troops here'’, Telegraph.co.uk, 8 March 2013. Coughlin, Con ‘Vladimir Putin: a man the West can do business with?’, Telegraph.co.uk, 9 May 2013. Coughlin, Con ‘A last salvo from General Sir David Richards’, Telegraph.co.uk, 17 July 2013. Coughlin, Con ‘Face the truth about President Assad.he's not going’, Telegraph.co.uk, 25 July 2013. Coughlin, Con and Robert Winnett ‘Army chief: We risk war with Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 17 July 2013. Crawford, Charles ‘If it brings freedom, a bloody Syrian civil war may be preferable to slavery’, Telegraph.co.uk, 27 March 2012. Crawford, Charles ‘Syria: by using their veto, Russia and China are following the example of ’, The Telegraph, 22 July 2012. Crilly, Rob ‘Libya and Syria show the limits of intervention’, The Daily Telegraph, 9 September 2011. D’Ancona, Matthew ‘The question Syria asks us: what sort of country are we?’, The Telegraph, 24 August 2013. D’Ancona, Matthew ‘A nauseating, preening and grubby carnival of inaction’, The Telegraph, 31 August 2013. Daley, John ‘The eternal truth that sets America apart’, The Telegraph, 31 August 2013. Delingpole, James ‘10 Reasons Why we shouldn’t be in Libya’, The Telegraph, 31 March 2011. Dominiczak, Peter ‘William Hague: It would be wrong to rule out arming Syrian rebels’, Telegraph.co.uk, 17 June 2013. Dominiczak, Peter ‘Miliband: I'll do what's right for us, not for US’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Dominiczak, Peter ‘'I was trying to act in the right way'’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Dominiczak, Peter ‘Tory leaders insist Britain still has role to play on world stage’, The Telegraph, 31 August 2013. Dumenil, Louis and Agencies ‘Russia accuses West of Syria 'blackmail'’, The Telegraph, 16 July 2012. Editorial, ‘The Arab spring is not blossoming;’, Telegraph.co.uk, 6 June 2011. Editorial, ‘The UN sits idly by’, The Daily Telegraph, 1 August 2011. Editorial, ‘Turning the screw on Assad’s ailing regime’, The Daily Telegraph, 15 November 2011. Editorial, ‘Prosecute this Tyrant’, The Telegraph, 22 December 2011. Editorial, ‘Syrian echoes of Saddam’, The Telegraph, 16 January 2012. Editorial, ‘Arm Assad's enemies’, The Telegraph, 6 February 2012. Editorial, ‘The agony of Homs’, The Telegraph, 8 February 2012. Editorial, ‘Is Syria to be a second Bosnia?’, Telegraph.co.uk, 5 March 2012. Editorial, ‘Assad's canny game’, Telegraph.co.uk, 13 March 2012. Editorial, ‘Even Russia must now want to see Assad gone’, The Telegraph, 28 March 2012. Editorial, ‘A good day for tyrants’, The Telegraph, 6 June 2012. Editorial, ‘We must face up to the harsh truths about Syria’, The Telegraph, 8 June 2012. Editorial, ‘Russia's responsibility’, The Telegraph, 23 July 2012. Editorial, ‘Bunker mentality’, The Telegraph, 4 December 2012. Editorial, ‘This tragedy will end’, The Telegraph, 6 January 2013. Editorial, ‘Britain is ill-prepared for this deadly new world’, The Telegraph, 18 January 2013. Editorial, ‘Our moral obligation’, The Telegraph, 6 March 2013. Editorial, ‘Mr Hague must have every option available’, The Telegraph, 26 April 2013. Editorial, ‘Syria on the brink’, The Telegraph, 12 May 2013. Editorial, ‘The slippery slope to an international crisis’, The Telegraph, 14 June 2013. Editorial, ‘Dangerous days in Egypt’, The Telegraph, 8 July 2013. Editorial, ‘Assad endures’, The Telegraph, 24 July 2013. Editorial, ‘Syrian action would be a step into the unknown’, The Telegraph, 25 August 2013. Editorial, ‘Any military action has to be based on evidence’, The Telegraph, 27 August 2013. Editorial, ‘A day for clarity on Syria from the Prime Minister’, The Telegraph, 28 August 2013. Editorial, ‘A nation haunted by mistakes of the past’, The Telegraph, 29 August 2013. Editorial, ‘Britain's message: out, but not down’, The Telegraph, 30 August 2013. Farmer, Ben ‘Syria 'friends' back aid to rebels’, Telegraph.co.uk, 22 June 2013. Forsyth, Justin ‘We must not turn our backs on Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 31 August 2013. Foster, Peter ‘We must not turn our backs on Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 31 August 2013. Foster, Peter ‘Syria Houla massacre: Russia told to intervene before it is too late’, Telegraph.co.uk, 27 May 2012. Foster, Peter ‘Hague issues plea to Russia to halt Syria's slide into civil war’, The Telegraph, 28 May 2012. Foster, Peter ‘US refuses to help Syrian rebels until after election’, The Telegraph, 16 July 2012. Foster, Peter ‘Barack Obama facing 'last chance' to secure Middle East Peace’, The Telegraph, 28 January 2013. Foster, Peter ‘Syria: US would not object to arming rebels’, The Telegraph, 18 March 2013. Foster, Peter ‘US to reconsider arming Syrian rebels, says Chuck Hagel’, The Telegraph, 2 May 2013. Foster, Peter ‘Bill Clinton has urged greater intervention in Syria’, The Telegraph, 13 June 2013. Foster, Peter ‘Obama's late attempt to secure his foreign policy legacy is failing to ease frustration at his leadership, says Peter Foster’, The Telegraph, 22 June 2013. Foster, Peter ‘America's top general warns of the cost of conflict’, The Telegraph, 24 July 2013. Foster, Peter ‘Obama had options when it came to acting on Syria’, The Telegraph, 24 August 2013. Foster, Peter ‘Diplomatic language cannot mask the damage to the special relationship’, The Telegraph, 30 August 2013. Foster, Peter ‘Britain is no longer a world power and America must assume responsibility for taking action’, The Telegraph, 31 August 2013. Foster, Peter and Phoebe Greenwood ‘John Kerry in Moscow to push for Syria solutions after Israel airstrikes’, The Telegraph, 6 May 2013. Foster, Peter and Damien McElroy ‘West must do more in Syria, says Hague as talks falter’, Telegraph.co.uk, 13 June 2013. Foster, Peter and Damien McElroy ‘William Hague: we must do more to help innocent Syrians’, The Telegraph, 13 June 2013. Foster, Peter, Tom Parfitt and Damien McElroy ‘Britain, US and France hold urgent talks on arming Syrian rebels’, The Telegraph, 15 June 2013. Foster, Peter and Ruth Sherlock ‘US holds high-level talks with Syrian rebels seeking weapons in Washington’, The Telegraph, 15 June 2012. Foster, Peter and Jon Swaine ‘OBAMA'S NEW HEAD BOY’, The Telegraph, 25 February 2013. Foster, Peter and Jon Swaine ‘US confirms Assad chemical attacks’, The Telegraph, 14 June 2013. Foster, Peter, Jon Swaine and Ruth Sherlock ‘US set to send direct aid to Syrian rebels, says John Kerry’, The Telegraph, 27 February 2013. Freeman, Colin ‘United Nations ceasefire in tatters after 92 killed in Syrian violence’, The Telegraph, 26 May 2012. Freeman, Colin ‘UN peace envoy draws up plan for 3,000 strong peacekeeping force in Syria’, The Telegraph, 13 October 2012. Freeman, Colin ‘Qatar 'playing with fire' as it funds Syrian Islamists in quest for global influence’, The Telegraph, 27 April 2013. Freeman, Colin ‘Can the government get its message straight on arming Syria's rebels?’, The Telegraph, 18 July 2013. Freeman, Colin ‘Reading beyond the headlines’, The Telegraph, 17 August 2013. Freeman, Colin and agencies ‘Britain asks European Union to put Hizbollah on terror blacklist’, The Telegraph, 21 May 2013. Freeman, Colin, Adrian Blomfield and Loveday Morris, ‘Assad tightens the noose’, The Telegraph, 1 May 2011. Freeman, Colin and Ruth Sherlock ‘United Nations ceasefire in tatters after 92 killed in Syrian violence’, The Telegraph, 26 May 2012. Gambino, Lauren ‘Syria: Russia rejects Kofi Annan's six-point peace plan deadline’, The Telegraph, 2 April 2012. Gardiner, Nile ‘Will Barack Obama try to grab the glory for the downfall of Gaddafi?’, telegraph.co.uk, 21 October 2011. Gardiner, Nile ‘OBAMA'S Handling of the Syria crisis has been a disaster - a few airstrikes won't change that’, telegraph.co.uk, 27 August 2013.. Gerges, Fawaz ‘Israel attacks show Syria's conflict becoming a regional proxy war’, The Guardian, 5 May 2013. Gilligan, Andrew ‘Syria accepts 'entirety' of Arab League peace plan’, telegraph.co.uk, 2 November 2011. Gilligan, Andrew and Ruth Sherlock ‘Bashar al-Assad: I won't waste my time with Syrian opposition’, telegraph.co.uk, 20 October 2011. Good, Alastair ‘Syria: two anti-government protesters shot in Homs as army 'shoots-to-kill'’, telegraph.co.uk, 23 August 2011. Good, Alastair ‘William Hague: Syrian oil sanctions agreed’, telegraph.co.uk, 3 September 2011. Goldsmith, Rebecca and John Snowden ‘Western intervention in the Syria civil war: Letters to the Editor’, The Telegraph, 15 June 2013. Greenwood, Phoebe ‘Arab League backs Syria opposition’, The Telegraph, 12 February 2012. Greenwood, Phoebe ‘Israel in Moscow talks to halt supply of missiles to Syrian regime’, The Telegraph, 29 May 2013. Greenwood, Phoebe ‘Syria: Israeli diplomats fly to Moscow to halt Assad missile deal’, The Telegraph, 30 May 2013. Greenwood, Phoebe and Damien McElroy ‘Syria threatens 'surprise retaliation' for Israeli air strike’, The Telegraph, 1 February 2013. Hague, William ‘Conservative Party Conference: Foreign Secretary William Hague's speech in full’, telegraph.co.uk, 7 October 2012. Hannan, Daniel ‘Syria: Where is Britain's national interest?’, telegraph.co.uk, 17 June 2013. Hannan, Daniel ‘There are no good choices in Syria’, telegraph.co.uk, 17 June 2013. Hannan, Daniel ‘Supporters of intervention in Syria have not yet made a convincing case’, telegraph.co.uk, 27 August 2013. Hannan, Daniel ‘Parliament is right to be sceptical: this isn't really about chemical weapons’, telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Hannan, Daniel ‘The stands taller in the world today’, telegraph.co.uk, 31 August 2013. Harding, Thomas ‘Iran: Why we need a Start the War coalition’, telegraph.co.uk, 5 December 2011. Harding, Thomas ‘Syria: West 'could deploy 300,000 troops following regime collapse'’, telegraph.co.uk, 25 July 2012. Harris, Tom ‘Strike on Syria: the enviable, alarming certainty of the MPs whose minds are made up’, telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Henderson, Barney ‘William Hague: Syrian chemical weapons threat 'unacceptable'’, telegraph.co.uk, 23 July 2012. Herbert, Nick ‘Syria: dictators who gas their people must feel the consequences’, telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Hodges, Dan ‘British flotillas prepared for Syria evacuation’, Telegraph.co.uk, 21 July 2012. Hodges, Dan ‘When Aleppo falls, don't say we were powerless to help’, Telegraph.co.uk, 13 June 2013. Hodges, Dan ‘Syria was the last straw - I've now quit the Labour Party’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Hodges, Dan ‘Miliband was governed by narrow political interests - not the national interests or those of Syrian children.’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Holehouse, Matthew ‘In full: the Government's motion on Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Holehouse, Matthew ‘Ten years after Iraq, MPs simply do not trust our spies’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 August 2013. Hope, Christopher and Richard Spencer ‘Britain could intervene militarily in Syria in months, UK's top general suggests’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Hope, Christopher and Richard Spencer ‘British army may intervene if the Syrian crisis deepens’, The Telegraph, 12 November 2012. Hughes, Chris ‘CORNERED’, telegraph.co.uk, 8 February 2012. Hughes, Chris ‘Is Cameron ready to intervene in Syria without the UN on board?’, telegraph.co.uk, 13 March 2012. Hutton, John ‘Syria: Britain must arm the rebels or risk a dangerous stalemate’, telegraph.co.uk, 25 June 2013. Irvine, Chris ‘Syria: military intervention would unlikely, says William Hague’, telegraph.co.uk, 23 February 2012. Johnson, Simon ‘Case for action has not been made, warns First Minister’, The Daily Telegraph, 29 August 2013. Johnston, Philip ‘Intervention in Syria - who decides what would be legal or legitimate?’, The Daily Telegraph, 27 August 2013. Johnston, Philip ‘Hague's moral outrage over Syria is an echo from history’, The Daily Telegraph, 28 August 2013. Joshi, Shashank ‘A conflict haunted by echoes of the past’, telegraph.co.uk, 1 August 2011. Joshi, Shashank ‘Revolution is proving contagious - but the tyrants are not beaten yet’, telegraph.co.uk, 25 August 2011. Joshi, Shashank ‘Libya could be the last place the West is allowed to intervene’, telegraph.co.uk, 2 September 2011. Joshi, Shashank ‘Why did the Arab League tyrants' club finally turn on Syria?’, telegraph.co.uk, 15 November 2011. Joshi, Shashank ‘Arab Spring: the revolution has only just begun’, telegraph.co.uk, 28 December 2011. Joshi, Shashank ‘Syria, the UN veto and the Guardian: a case of dangerous moral equivalence’, telegraph.co.uk, 8 February 2012. Joshi, Shashank ‘Syria fires Scuds at rebels’, telegraph.co.uk, 12 December 2012. Joshi, Shashank ‘If Israel strikes Syria again, all bets are off’, Telegraph.co.uk, 2 February 2013. Joshi, Shashank ‘Why Obama might be changing his mind on Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 5 March 2013. Joshi, Shashank ‘It's hell in Syria, but Uncle Sam isn't going to come riding to the rescue’, Telegraph.co.uk, 22 August 2013. Kampfner, John ‘Iraq war verdict’, The Telegraph, 2 March 2013. Kellner, Peter ‘Syria and the long shadow of Iraq’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Kirkup, James ‘Cameron considers arming Syrian rebels’, The Telegraph, 15 November 2012. Kirkup, James and Adrian Blomfield ‘Syrian arms ship 'heads home to Russia'’, The Telegraph, 20 June 2012. Kirkup, James and Richard Spencer ‘Syria chemical weapons’, The Telegraph, 28 April 2013. Knowles, Daniel ‘This Libyan mess will be the end of Britain as a world power’, Telegraph.co.uk, 1 August 2011. Knowles, Daniel ‘Seumas Milne's stomach-churning article on Libya is little more than an apology for Gaddafi’, Telegraph.co.uk, 27 October 2011. Lachno, James ‘Hay Festival 2013: day five as it happened’, The Telegraph, 27 May 2013. Lauter, Devorah ‘Syrian regime faces catastrophic assault’, The Telegraph, 8 July 2012. Letters ‘Arming Syrian rebels would only result in an increase in violence’, The Telegraph, 18 June 2013. Letters ‘UN Syrian intervention’, The Telegraph, 27 August 2013. Lloyd, Anthony ‘Outspoken critic wary of backing rebels’, The Telegraph, 27 February 2012. Malnick, Edward ‘Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in warning to British Government’, The Telegraph, 2 March 2013. Marlowe, Christine ‘Arab League must press for UN-enforced no-fly zone, main opposition leader says’, The Telegraph, 6 January 2012. Marlowe, Christine ‘Arab League urged to push for UN safe areas for Syria rebels’, The Telegraph, 6 January 2012. Marlowe, Christine and Richard Spencer ‘Analysis: was Syrian government behind attacks?’, Telegraph.co.uk, 23 December 2011. Martin, Iain ‘Syria's bloody mire frightens Western governments scarred by a decade of failure in Iraq and Afghanistan’, Telegraph.co.uk, 9 March 2012. Martin, Iain ‘Good for Mitt Romney Telling the Truth about Putin's Tyranny’, Telegraph.co.uk, 1 August 2012. Maslinski, Michael ‘Cameron's support for the Libyan uprising is proving a stroke of genius’, The Telegraph, 25 August 2011. Mason, Rowena ‘British voters not in the 'mood' for arms sales to Syria, MPs warn’, The Telegraph, 28 May 2013. Mason, Rowena ‘Britain 'must do more in Syria', says William Hague, as US promises intervention’, The Telegraph, 14 June 2013. McCartney, Jenny ‘Lost in the muddle of the Middle East’, Telegraph.co.uk, 6 July 2013. McElroy, Damien ‘Angry Syrian mob hurls eggs and tomatoes at US ambassador’, The Telegraph, 30 September 2011. McElroy, Damien ‘David Cameron accuses Iran of supplying Syria weapons’, The Telegraph, 18 January 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘Britain 'would provide support but not troops for Syria peacekeeping mission'’, Telegraph.co.uk, 13 February 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘Iraq ambassador quits in protest at crackdown’, The Telegraph, 11 July 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘Turkey suspects Iranian hand in fatal bombing, as Syrian conflict threatens to suck in neighbours’, The Telegraph, 23 August 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘Syria and Iran 'backing Kurdish terrorist group', says Turkey’, The Telegraph, 3 September 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘Syria fires Scud missiles on its own people’, The Telegraph, 12 December 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘David Cameron warns of 'strategic imperative' to arm Syrian rebels’, The Telegraph, 17 December 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘Government warned on direct Syrian intervention’, The Telegraph, 19 December 2012. McElroy, Damien ‘US officials: 'high probability' that Syria regime used chemical weapons’, The Telegraph, 20 March 2013. McElroy, Damien ‘Syria chemical weapons: time to act demands US official’, The Telegraph, 20 March 2013. McElroy, Damien ‘Syria's warring parties accuse each other of chemical attack’, The Telegraph, 20 March 2013. McElroy, Damien ‘Annan: too late for military intervention’, The Telegraph, 28 March 2013. McElroy, Damien ‘Bashar al-Assad says Syria peace talks doomed’, The Telegraph, 18 May 2013. McElroy, Damien ‘France says it is 'certain' that sarin gas has been used in Syria's civil war’, The Telegraph, 4 May 2013. McElroy, Damien ‘US to send arms to Syria within a month’, The Telegraph, 27 June 2013. McElroy, Damien and Adrian Blomfield ‘Britain to double support to Syrian opposition’, The Telegraph, 29 March 2012. McElroy, Damien and Adrian Blomfield ‘Britain's aid to opposition forces in Syria is doubled’, The Telegraph, 30 March 2012. McElroy, Damien and Rosa Prince ‘Syria: UN deadlock breakthrough hopes raised’, The Telegraph, 2 February 2012. McElroy, Damien and Magdy Samaan ‘Syria's regime uses fighter jets for first time as it struggles to contain rebellion’, The Telegraph, 24 July 2012. McElroy, Damien, Ruth Sherlock and Richard Spencer ‘David Cameron accuses Russia of 'shielding those with blood on their hands'’, The Telegraph, 30 January 2011. McElroy, Damien, Ruth Sherlock and Richard Spencer ‘Syrian rebels claim double blow against Assad air force’, The Telegraph, 31 August 2012. McElroy, Damien and Jon Swaine ‘Syria: Barack Obama says chemical weapons 'would let genie out the bottle'’, The Telegraph, 20 March 2013. Meo, Nick ‘Syria sniper shot high when officers ordered him to kill’, Telegraph.co.uk, 7 January 2012. Meo, Nick ‘Bombings in Damascus herald beginnings of a bloody new stage of Syrian insurgency’, Telegraph.co.uk, 17 March 2012. Meo, Nick and Agencies ‘Geneva meeting agrees 'transition plan' to Syria unity government’, The Telegraph, 30 June 2012. Meo, Nick and Michael Gunn ‘Strikes at heart of Assad regime’, The Telegraph, 18 March 2012. Moore, Charles ‘The world is not a better place for Britain taking a back seat over Syria’, The Telegraph, 30 August 2013. Nazir-Ali, Michael ‘When Egypt emerges from its bloody chaos, it needs true democracy, not a dictatorship of the majority’, The Telegraph, 22 August 2013. Nelson, Fraser ‘CAMERON ailed the test of trust, and paid the price’, The Telegraph, 29 August 2013. O’Neil, Brendan ‘Syria isn't the 'new Bosnia', despite the narcissistic hopes of the Western commentariat’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 February 2012. Obama, Barack ‘Obama's statement in full’, Telegraph.co.uk, 31 August 2013. Oborne, Peter ‘Cameron William Hague are at risk of over-simplifying a dangerous and complex situation’, Telegraph.co.uk, 18 February 2012. Oborne, Peter ‘'I wish David Cameron would stop holding his wife's hand'’, The Telegraph, 20 May 2013. Oborne, Peter ‘The rush to judgment on Syria is a catastrophic and deadly error’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Oliphant, Roland ‘Russia 'astonished' by 'illegal' Western war plans’, The Telegraph, 26 August 2013. Oliphant, Roland and David Blair ‘Russia claims Assad promised 'cessation' of violence in Syria’, The Telegraph, 8 February 2012. Osborn, Andrew ‘UN has left us to die, say fleeing Syrians’, The Daily Telegraph, 15 June 2011. Osborn, Andrew ‘Russia tells Assad regime to reform or go’, The Daily Telegraph, 7 October 2011. Osborn, Andrew ‘Nato 'planning direct military intervention', Russia claims’, The Daily Telegraph, 12 January 2012. Osborn, Andrew and Richard Spencer ‘Syrian troops find headless bodies’, The Daily Telegraph, 13 June 2011. Osborn, Andrew and Richard Spencer ‘Thousands of troops crush revolt against Assad's rule’, The Daily Telegraph, 13 June 2011. Owen, David ‘We have proved in Libya that intervention can still work’, The Daily Telegraph, 23 June 2011. Owen, David ‘Only a no-fly zone brokered with Russia can bring peace to Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 27 September 2012. Parfitt, Tom ‘Syria rejects rumours of Russian 'anti-terrorism' mission landing’, Telegraph.co.uk, 20 March 2012. Parfitt, Tom ‘Syria: Russian diplomat claims Assad 'ready to give up power'’, The Telegraph, 20 July 2012. Parfitt, Tom ‘Britain and US guilty of double standards, says Putin’, The Telegraph, 7 September 2012. Parfitt, Tom ‘David Cameron says 'real progress' made with Vladimir Putin over Syria’, The Telegraph, 10 May 2013. Parfitt, Tom ‘Cameron and Putin come in from the cold, but remain split over Syria’, The Telegraph, 11 May 2013. Parfitt, Tom ‘Russia to sell 10 MiG fighter jets to Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 31 May 2013. Parfitt, Tom ‘Russia to sell MiG fighter jets to Assad, with more support to follow after EU lifts arms embargo’, The Telegraph, 1 June 2013. Parfitt, Tom ‘Syria: calls in Russia to boost arms supplies to Assad’, The Telegraph, 14 June 2013. Parfitt, Tom and Adrian Blomfield ‘Russia sends warships to Syria to boost Assad’, The Telegraph, 11 July 2012. Prescott, John ‘Invasion was not right after all, says Prescott’, The Telegraph, 18 March 2013. Prince, Rosa ‘Syria: White House labels Assad's referendum promise 'laughable'’, The Telegraph, 12 March 2012. Prince, Rosa ‘Russia and China block British attempts at UN to end Syria bloodshed’, The Telegraph, 15 February 2012. Prince, Rosa ‘William Hague: action on Syria possible without support of Russia and China’, The Telegraph, 5 July 2012. Riddell, Mary ‘Miliband standing firm on Syria, but is he caught in a trap?’, Telegraph.co.uk, 18 June 2013. Rifkind, Malcolm ‘An economic blockade can defeat President Assad’, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 February 2012. Ross, Tim ‘British fears grow over Syria strike’, Telegraph.co.uk, 27 August 2013. Ross, Tim ‘Cameron forced to drop timetable for strikes by Miliband’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Ross, Tim and Peter Dominiczak. ‘Ed Miliband calls on Cameron to publish legal advice on Syria intervention’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Ross, Tim and Peter Dominiczak. ‘Cameron: We must act now against Syria’, The Telegraph, 28 August 2013. Sanchez, Raf, ‘Hillary Clinton dismisses health fears in joint interview with Barack Obama’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 January 2013. Sanchez, Raf, ‘US unmoved by French evidence of sarin use in Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 6 June 2013. Sanchez, Raf, ‘US will hold regime to account for 'morally obscene' chemical attack, says Kerry’, Telegraph.co.uk, 26 August 2013. Sanchez, Raf, ‘Growing demand in Congress for vote on Syria attack’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Sanchez, Raf and Ben Farmer, ‘US refuses to act urgently on French evidence of chemical weapons’, The Telegraph, 6 June 2013. Sanchez, Raf and Ben Farmer ‘John McCain slips into Syria to meet rebels’, Telegraph.co.uk, 6 June 2013. Sanchez, Raf and Roland Oliphant, ‘Russia dooms hopes of UN Security Council resolution’, Telegraph.co.uk, 26 August 2013. Sanchez, Raf and Rosa Prince, ‘US clears way for Americans to start donating money to rebels’, Telegraph.co.uk, 5 August 2012. Sanchez, Raf, Richard Spencer and Damien McElroy, ‘Barack Obama 'red line' warning over chemical weapons in Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 20 August 2012. Sanchez, Raf, Richard Spencer and Damien McElroy, ‘Obama warns Syria over chemical weapons’, The Telegraph, 21 August 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Bashar al-Assad accused of 'scare mongering'’, The Daily Telegraph, 30 October 2011. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Libya's new rulers offer weapons to Syrian rebels’, Telegraph.co.uk, 25 November 2011. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Syrian security forces launch all-out assault on Douma’, Telegraph.co.uk, 27 January 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Syria's rebels abandon territory in major cities in favour of new guerilla war’, The Telegraph, 2 April 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Video of Syrian rebel buried alive and 'missile' strike prompt fresh calls for UN intervention’, The Telegraph, 27 April 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Syria: Kofi Annan warns that peace plan will not be available 'forever'’, The Telegraph, 1 June 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Pressure on Syria as US spearheads new sanctions campaign’, The Telegraph, 6 June 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Syrian conflict spills over into Lebanon’, The Telegraph, 25 June 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Inside Hizbollah: 'Why we need Assad to stay'’, The Telegraph, 29 June 2013. Sherlock, Ruth and David Blair ‘Evidence mounts of Syrian atrocities in captured rebel stronghold’, The Telegraph, 6 March 2012. Sherlock, Ruth and David Blair ‘Kofi Annan attacks UN Security Council for 'finger-pointing and name-calling'’, The Telegraph, 2 August 2012. Sherlock, Ruth, Damien McElroy and Richard Spencer ‘British MPs 'evaded responsibilities' say Syrian opposition leaders and chemical weapons activists’, The Telegraph, 30 April 2012. Sherlock, Ruth and Magdy Samaan ‘Government forces accused of fresh Syrian massacre’, The Telegraph, 7 June 2012. Sherlock, Ruth and Raf Sanchez ‘Britain is best hope for the rebellion’, The Telegraph, 31 March 2013. Sherlock, Ruth and Richard Spencer ‘France steps up pressure on Syria as it threatens demand of intervention’, The Telegraph, 25 April 2012. Sherlock, Ruth and Richard Spencer ‘America could intervene in Syria without UN approval’, The Telegraph, 1 June 2012. Sherlock, Ruth and Richard Spencer ‘US moves to demand major Syria opposition shake-up’, The Telegraph, 1 November 2012. Sherlock, Ruth and Richard Spencer ‘Cameron split the western alliance with his unexpected proposals to open the door to arming the Syrian opposition, just as the US is becoming alarmed at its Islamist make-up and human rights abuses’, The Telegraph, 10 November 2012. Sherlock, Ruth and Richard Spencer ‘Dozens of Lebanese Hizbollah fighters killed in battle of Qusair’, The Telegraph, 20 May 2013. Sherwell, Philip ‘US 'considering military force in Syria'’, The Daily Telegraph, 18 July 2013. Sherwell, Philip ‘Intervention in Syria would be tragic mistake, warns Russia’, The Daily Telegraph, 26 August 2013. Shestakov, Yevgeny ‘End the Syrian crisis Russia's way’, Telegraph.co.uk, 12 April 2012. Shestakov, Yevgeny ‘Russia has always admitted providing the Syrians…’, The Telegraph, 10 July 2012. Skelton, David ‘They feared another Iraq, and they've chosen another Rwanda’, The Telegraph, 30 August 2013. Soueif, Ahdaf ‘Egypt: is this a coup, or true democracy at work?’, The Telegraph, 6 July 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria suffers series of embarrassing defections’, telegraph.co.uk, 16 January 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria's opposition roused as regime figures abandon Assad’, telegraph.co.uk, 17 January 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘'Intervention' in Syria condemned by Arab League’, The Daily Telegraph, 14 July 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Forces continue to shoot protesters dead despite calls from West for Assad to quit’, Telegraph.co.uk, 20 August 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘China calls for Bashar al-Assad to reform’, telegraph.co.uk, 11 October 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘UN calls for international action against Syria after warning country is heading for 'civil war'’, telegraph.co.uk, 14 October 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Turkey investigated over chemical weapons claim’, telegraph.co.uk, 6 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria's isolation grows as neighbours react with fury to embassy attacks’, telegraph.co.uk, 13 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Iranian officials meet with Syrian opposition’, telegraph.co.uk, 14 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria's growing isolation from its neighbours has raised the prospect of a regional war, according to Arab analysts and newspapers’, telegraph.co.uk, 14 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian army defectors attack intelligence complex’, telegraph.co.uk, 16 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Qatar, the tiny Gulf state that has turned into a big player in the Great Game’, telegraph.co.uk, 17 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Assad isolated after unprecedented move by Arab leaders to cut ties with Damascus’, The Daily Telegraph, 28 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: Turkey raises prospect of buffer zone for first time’, Telegraph.co.uk, 29 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria tries to ward off sanctions by releasing hundreds of political prisoners’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 November 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria descends further into open warfare with clashes on Turkish border’, telegraph.co.uk, 6 December 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Open warfare has begun’, telegraph.co.uk, 13 December 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria crisis: UN divisions deepen as death toll rises by another 1,000 in just 10 days’, telegraph.co.uk, 13 December 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: Russia circulates UN resolution condemning violence’, telegraph.co.uk, 15 December 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria frees 755 prisoners as Arab League observers visit’, telegraph.co.uk, 28 December 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian forces 'kill civilians' after opening fire on protesters’, telegraph.co.uk, 29 December 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: Arab League attacked for ignoring scale of violence’, telegraph.co.uk, 29 December 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: growing Arab calls for military intervention as Assad announces amnesty’ Telegraph.co.uk, 15 January 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Arab leaders call for military action in Syria’ The Telegraph, 16 January 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria suffers series of embarrassing defections’ Telegraph.co.uk, 16 January 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria's opposition roused as regime figures abandon Assad’ The Telegraph, 17 January 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Assad will be deposed within three months, says Syrian MP’ The Daily Telegraph, 18 January 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Russia and China veto UN resolution on Syria’ The Daily Telegraph, 4 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘William Hague accuses Russia and China as Syria heads toward 'civil war’’ The Daily Telegraph, 5 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria's most senior defector’ Telegraph.co.uk, 5 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: Britain and West should arm rebels, say Arabs’ Telegraph.co.uk, 24 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian opposition says West is already aiding rebels’ Telegraph.co.uk, 24 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria's rebel forces need weapons, Saudis insist’ The Telegraph, 25 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘UN inquiry says Assad should be charged over war crimes’ Telegraph.co.uk, 27 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: Bashar al-Assad could be regarded as a war criminal, says Hillary Clinton’ The Daily Telegraph, 28 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian leader could be declared war criminal, says US’ The Daily Telegraph, 29 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: UN present joint demand for Assad to accept peace initiative’ The Daily Telegraph, 21 March 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria: Russia under intense pressure to agree UN resolution’, The Telegraph, 10 April 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Bashar al-Assad 'will pay' for breaking peace pledge’, The Telegraph, 10 April 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian ceasefire comes into effect despite scepticism from the west’, The Telegraph, 12 April 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Turkey threatens Nato intervention’, The Telegraph, 13 April 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Western leaders threaten Syria after UN warns of failing ceasefire’, The Telegraph, 19 April 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Damascus rocked by double car bombing killing 55’, The Telegraph, 10 May 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Will the Houla massacre prove a throw of the dice too far for the Assads?’, The Telegraph, 26 May 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘West takes a step closer to Syria intervention’, The Telegraph, 19 June 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Kofi Annan convenes emergency meeting on Syrian crisis’, The Telegraph, 27 June 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘There will be no happy ending to this civil war’, Telegraph.co.uk, 19 July 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian rebels state William Hague's £5m aid is hopelessly inadequate’, Telegraph.co.uk, 12 August 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian rebels mock Hague's £5m aid as 'sunglasses for a dying man'’, The Telegraph, 13 August 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria makes veiled hint of Bashar al-Assad resignation’, The Telegraph, 21 August 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Could Turkey's decision to shell Syria mean intervention is on its way?’, The Telegraph, 4 October 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian regime 'considers four day ceasefire'’, The Telegraph, 24 October 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria hit by day of car bombings and intense fighting’, The Telegraph, 5 November 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Syria Homs attack 'may have included use of chemical weapons'’, The Telegraph, 16 January 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Assad used poison gas on his people in Horns, claims report’, The Telegraph, 17 January 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘How a pile of explosives I found in a Libyan field may have ended up in the hands of Algerian terrorists’, The Telegraph, 22 January 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian jets repeatedly violated rules of war, Human Rights Watch finds’, The Telegraph, 11 April 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Syrian rebels told by West to unify and reject extremism’, The Telegraph, 20 April 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Britain and France renew efforts to lift arms embargo on Syrian rebels’, The Telegraph, 21 April 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘US to double aid to Syrian rebels following assurances’, The Telegraph, 21 April 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Before you get at the truth on Syria's chemical weapons, you have to debunk the conspiracy theorists’, Telegraph.co.uk, 27 April 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Why Barack Obama won't rush to cross his 'red line' in Syria’, The Telegraph, 26 April 2013. Spencer, Richard ‘Russia calls anti-Hizbollah resolution 'odious'’, The Telegraph, 29 May 2013. 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Spencer, Richard, Rosa Prince and Damien McElroy, ‘Russia demands UN pledge never to intervene in Syria’, The Telegraph, 2 February 2012. Spencer, Richard and Ruth Sherlock ‘Syria: Assad regime 'has failed to implement peace plan'’, The Daily Telegraph, 13 April 2012. Spencer, Richard and Ruth Sherlock ‘Syria: France demands peace plan be legally enforced as West works on resolution’, The Daily Telegraph, 13 June 2012. Spencer, Richard and Ruth Sherlock ‘Syria facing disintegration’, The Daily Telegraph, 20 May 2013. Spencer, Richard and Justin Vela ‘Bashar al-Assad dares foes to take him on’, Telegraph.co.uk, 30 May 2013. Spencer, Richard and Justin Vela ‘Assad defiant with missiles on the way’, The Daily Telegraph, 31 May 2013. Spillius, Alex ‘Call for Cameron to lead action against Syria’, The Daily Telegraph, 17 November 2011. Spillius, Alex ‘Syria: William Hague tells opposition to form united front’, Telegraph.co.uk, 21 November 2011. 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Spillius, Alex ‘What is the US evidence on Assad's use of chemical weapons?’, The Telegraph, 14 June 2013. Spillius, Alex ‘French intelligence may have tipped the balance for America’, The Telegraph, 15 June 2013. Spillius, Alex and David Blair ‘Western powers have 'no clear mechanism' for removing Assad, diplomats admit’, Telegraph.co.uk, 7 March 2012. Spillius, Alex, David Blair and Christopher Hope ‘Britain takes the lead in talks over arming Syrian rebels’, Telegraph.co.uk, 11 December 2012. Spillius, Alex and Damien McElroy ‘Syrian opposition warns outside military intervention may be 'only solution' to crisis’, The Telegraph, 22 February 2012. Spillius, Alex and Rosa Prince ‘UN set to vote on Syria resolution’, The Telegraph, 3 February 2012. Stanley, Tim ‘Is Rand Paul a born again Zionist?’, Telegraph.co.uk, 18 January 2013. Stanley, Tim ‘The Syria intervention exposes obama's habit of doing 'too much, too late'’, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 June 2013. 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Swaine, Jon and Aislinn Lang, ‘Libya: £1 billion in assets to be released to rebels and aid groups’, Telegraph.co.uk, 26 August 2011. Swaine, Jon and Raf Sanchez, ‘Mitt Romney calls for Syrian rebels to be armed’, Telegraph.co.uk, 8 October 2012. Swaine, Jon and Richard Spencer, ‘US accuses Bashar al-Assad's regime of using sarin’, Telegraph.co.uk, 25 April 2013. Swaine, Jon and Richard Spencer, ‘US accuses Assad regime of using sarin’, The Telegraph, 26 April 2013. Swaine, Jon, Alex Spillius, David Blair and Christopher Hope, ‘Syrian rebels are country's legitimate leaders, declares Obama’, The Telegraph, 12 December 2012. Swaine, Jon and Robert Winnett, ‘Britain launches last-ditch bid for UN approval for military strikes on Syria with resolution calling for 'all necessary measures'’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2013. Swinford, Steven ‘Cameron rules out arming Syrian rebels’, Telegraph.co.uk, 15 July 2013. 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The Telegraph, ‘Syria: Barack Obama says the world 'cannot be bystanders' as slaughter continues’, The Telegraph, 25 February 2012. The Telegraph, ‘Syria: China calls US criticism 'unacceptable'’, The Telegraph, 27 February 2012. The Telegraph, ‘Syria: diplomats fear rebels cannot defeat Assad’, Telegraph.co.uk, 7 March 2012. The Telegraph, ‘Britain considering 'non-lethal' help for Syria rebels’, The Telegraph, 8 March 2012. The Telegraph, ‘Syrian opposition leader rejects Kofi Annan's call for dialogue with Assad regime’, Telegraph.co.uk, 9 March 2012. The Telegraph, ‘Syrian forces capture Idlib’, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 March 2012. The Telegraph, ‘Syria committed to successful UN mission’, Telegraph.co.uk, 16 March 2012. The Telegraph, ‘International community will put 'greater pressure' on Syrian regime’, Telegraph.co.uk, 1 April 2012. The Telegraph, ‘Syria opposition will never defeat Assad's army, says Russia’, Telegraph.co.uk, 4 April 2012. 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The Telegraph, ‘US to send non-lethal aid to Syrian rebels’ The Telegraph. 28 February 2013. The Telegraph, ‘George Bush was 'the worst thing to ever happen to Tony Blair says ’ The Telegraph. 5 March 2013. The Telegraph, ‘US 'would not oppose arming Syrian rebels'’ The Telegraph. 19 March 2013. The Telegraph, ‘US committed to providing non-lethal aid to Syria opposition’ The Telegraph. 21 April 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Barack Obama: Chemical weapons use in Syria would be ‘game changer’’ The Telegraph. 26 April 2013. The Telegraph, ‘What we know so far about chemical weapons in Syria's civil war’ The Telegraph. 26 April 2013. The Telegraph, ‘David Cameron opposed to British military intervention in Syria’ Telegraph.co.uk. 26 April 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Evidence of Syria chemical weapons use 'disturbing', says David Cameron’ Telegraph.co.uk. 26 April 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Arming the Syrian rebels is pouring petrol on the fire’ Telegraph.co.uk. 27 April 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Syrian rebel appeals for action on Assad's alleged use of chemical weapons’ Telegraph.co.uk. 27 April 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Arming Syria's rebels is fraught with danger’ Telegraph.co.uk. 4 May 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Syria president Bashir Assad says Russia is fully committed to weapons deal’ Telegraph.co.uk. 30 May 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Assad forces take control of Qusayr in major breakthrough’ Telegraph.co.uk. 5 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘US says Assad regime used chemical weapons’ Telegraph.co.uk. 13 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Obama authorised sending weapons to Syrian rebels for the first time, according to US Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes’ Telegraph.co.uk. 14 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Russian MP says US fabricated Syria chemical weapons evidence’ Telegraph.co.uk. 14 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Boris Johnson: Don't arm the Syrian maniacs’ Telegraph.co.uk. 16 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Assad warns Europe’ Telegraph.co.uk. 17 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Syria: MPs might not get a vote before any military intervention, says Cameron’ Telegraph.co.uk. 19 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Mr Miliband will attend the meeting of the Council alone and is entitled to receive security briefings because of security clearance as a member of the Privy Council’ Telegraph.co.uk. 24 June 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Syria leader sidelines deputy in reshuffle’ Telegraph.co.uk. 8 July 2013. The Telegraph, ‘DAVID CAMERON ACCUSSED OF BETRAYING REBELS’ Telegraph.co.uk. 15 July 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Army Chief's warning of Syria no-fly zone meaning war 'needs to be taken seriously'’ Telegraph.co.uk. 17 July 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Syria civil war could last 'multiple years' if Islamist rebels not checked says top Pentagon intelligence official’ Telegraph.co.uk. 21 July 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Obama's 'red line' is not so much being tested as ignored completely’ Telegraph.co.uk. 21 August 2013. The Telegraph, ‘Obama has no choice. He will be forced to intervene in Syria for the sake of his legacy, according to former State Department adviser Aaron David Miller’ Telegraph.co.uk. 23 August 2013. The Telegraph, ‘The Labour leader is demanding that Downing Street provides evidence to support any military action in the war-torn country’ Telegraph.co.uk. 28 August 2013. The Telegraph, ‘The Special Relationship will long outlive Obama’ Telegraph.co.uk. 31 August 2013. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘Bashar al-Assad 'increasingly isolated', says US’, telegraph.co.uk, 15 November 2011. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘Syria: France to propose humanitarian corridor’, telegraph.co.uk, 23 November 2011. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘Arab League extends Syria deadline’, telegraph.co.uk, 25 November 2011. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘Syria condemned at UN Human Rights Council’, Telegraph.co.uk, 2 December 2011. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘Dozens more dead in Syria fighting as Arab League deadline looms’, Telegraph.co.uk, 4 December 2011. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘Suicide bomb outside US embassy in Ankara’, Telegraph.co.uk, 1 February 2013. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘President Barack Obama visits holocaust memorial’, Telegraph.co.uk, 22 March 2013. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘British scientists 'find evidence of Syrian chemical attack'’, Telegraph.co.uk, 12 April 2013. The Telegraph foreign staff, ‘British 'prove chemical arms being used in Syrian attacks'’, The Telegraph, 13 April 2013. Thomas, Sean ‘Syria is not a morality tale. But we wish to see it that way. Here's why’, The Telegraph, 17 June 2013. Tweedy, Neil, ‘We must draw on our historians’, Telegraph.co.uk, 1 August 2012. Von Eggert, Konstantin ‘Russia made error of judgment with Libya’, Telegraph.co.uk, 5 October 2011. Waterfield, Bruno and Damien McElroy ‘EU to block arming of Syrian rebels’, The Telegraph, 16 May 2013. Waterfield, Bruno and Damien McElroy ‘Push to lift rebel arms embargo fails’, The Telegraph, 17 May 2013. Waterfield, Bruno and Richard Spencer ‘EU battle over move to ease arms flow for Syrian rebels’, The Telegraph, 15 February 2013. Waterfield, Bruno and Alex Spillius ‘West could arm Syrian rebels within months after Britain wins diplomatic battle’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 November 2012. Waterfield, Bruno and Alex Spillius ‘Envoys signal West is close to arming Syrians’, The Telegraph, 29 November 2012. Waterfield, Bruno and Hannah Strange ‘EU declares Hizbollah a terrorist organisation in victory for Britain’, The Telegraph, 22 July 2013. Watts, Robert ‘No military action in Syria amid army cuts’, The Telegraph, 16 June 2013. Weiss, Michael ‘'Reforming' Syria fills graves with dissidents; Hillary Clinton warns Assad that he's 'nearly' forfeited his legitimacy’, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 June 2011. Weiss, Michael ‘A no-fly zone may be the only way to save Syria’, Telegraph.co.uk, 28 October 2011. Weiss, Michael ‘Russia, Iran and Hezbollah are already intervening in Syria. Why aren’t we’, The Telegraph, 7 February 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Bloody reprisals and fears of sectarian war in Syria’, The Telegraph, 10 February 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Syrian rebels are losing faith in the West’, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 February 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Can you judge a nation by the company it keeps?’, Telegraph.co.uk, 17 February 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘If you want to learn about the Assads, study The Sopranos’, Telegraph.co.uk, 5 March 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Syria's rebel leaders are bullish as Assad's regime 'rots from the inside'’, telegraph.co.uk, 12 March 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘US policy on Syria: A bad joke told at the Syrian people's expense’, telegraph.co.uk, 22 March 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Is Turkey preparing for an intervention in Syria?’, telegraph.co.uk, 12 April 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Putin the peacemaker for Syria?’, The Telegraph, 8 June 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Why the West misreads Putin on Syria’, The Telegraph, 14 June 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Syria's regime is incapable of resisting an attack’, The Telegraph, 15 June 2012. Weiss, Michael ‘Is the US restraining Turkey from military action in Syria?’, The Telegraph, 3 July 2012. Whitehead, Tom ‘Spy agencies fear terror groups could get chemical weapons in Syria’ Telegraph.co.uk. 10 July 2013. Willis, Amy ‘Russian-supplied weaponry killing Syrians 'on an hourly-basis'’, The Telegraph, 13 June 2012. Winnett, Robert and Adrian Blomfield ‘Bashar al-Assad could be offered immunity if he relinquishes power’, The Telegraph, 21 June 2012. Yakovenko, Alexander ‘Russian Ambassador to the UK: We need a full investigation of chemical weapons allegations in Syria’, The Telegraph, 3 April 2012. Young, Toby ‘The moral case for military intervention is now overwhelming’, Telegraph.co.uk, 26 August 2013. Zalewski, Piotr and Richard Spencer ‘Turkey turns against Syria's 'savage' regime’, Telegraph.co.uk, 11 June 2011.

The Sunday Telegraph Blomfield, Adrian ‘Arab League tells Syria: Stop violence or you're out’, The Sunday Telegraph, 13 November 2011. Editorial, ‘Ten years on, the terrorist threat remains’, The Sunday Telegraph, 11 September 2011. Foster, Peter ‘Soft-pedalling president left with a credibility problem’, The Sunday Telegraph, 25 August 2013. Gilligan, Andrew ‘"I LIVE A NORMAL LIFE-IT'S WHY I AM POPULAR; EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW’, The Sunday Telegraph, 30 October 2011. Gilligan, Andrew ‘Syria: the two sides of President Assad’, The Sunday Telegraph, 26 February 2012. Green, Andrew ‘Time to step in? Far from it’, The Sunday Telegraph, 28 April 2013. Hague, William ‘Like Sarajevo's butchers, the torturers of Syrian children will face justice’, The Sunday Telegraph, 12 February 2012. Sherlock, Ruth ‘Inside the most radical wing of Syria's struggle’, The Sunday Telegraph, 2 December 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Army on the brink of collapse, says general’, The Sunday Telegraph, 5 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Dictator Assad losing his iron grip on Syria’ The Sunday Telegraph, 10 July 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Murder of a schoolboy’, The Sunday Telegraph, 20 November, 2011. Spencer, Richard ‘Army on the brink of collapse, says general’, The Sunday Telegraph, 5 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘CAN ANYONE STOP THE SYRIAN SLAUGHTER?’, The Sunday Telegraph, 26 February 2012. Spencer, Richard ‘Victims of brutality bred by Assad’, The Sunday Telegraph, 27 May 2012. Watts, Robert ‘'Syria shows we need troops'’, The Sunday Telegraph, 16 June 2013.

The Times Aaronovitch, David ‘Whaddya want? More, not less, Nato - now!’, , 24 May 2012. Aaronovitch, David ‘Now we know why it was right to invade Iraq’, The Times, 21 February 2013. Aaronovitch, David ‘Keep out, they say. But then comes cataclysm’, The Times, 20 June 2013. Ashdown, Paddy ‘Ray-Bans and pick-ups: this is the future’, The Times, 26 August 2011. Ashdown, Paddy ‘Syria shows the lessons of Libya still unlearnt’, The Times, 1 June 2012. Ashdown, Paddy ‘The use of poison gas cannot go unpunished’, The Times, 26 August 2013. AFP ‘Syrian army defectors kill regime soldiers’, The Times, 16 December 2011. Beeston, Richard ‘In the birthplace of the revolution, the end of Assad can be foreseen’, The Times, 30 January 2012. Beeston, Richard ‘The time for tough talking on Syria has long passed’, The Times, 11 January 2013. Binyon, Michael ‘Arab Spring aspirations will sweep the world, says Hague’, The Times, 5 May 2011. Blair, Tony ‘The hand-wringing has to stop. We must act’, The Times, 27 August 2013. Blanford, Nicholas ‘'Without international help, we are heading for a civil war'; Street battles erupt as activists call for protection’, The Times, 29 August 2011. Blanford, Nicholas ‘The call to arms could be just what Assad seeks’, The Times, 23 September 2011. Blanford, Nicholas ‘Assad now faces an armed uprising, say Islamists’, The Times, 30 September 2011. Blanford, Nicholas ‘We need your help to oust Assad, activists plead as death toll soars’, The Times, 31 October 2011. Blanford, Nicholas ‘Moment for reform has passed’, The Times, 16 February 2012. Blanford, Nicholas and Alexander Christie-Miller ‘Marketplace bombs spark the blame game’, The Times, 13 May 2013. Blanford, Nicholas and Martin Fletcher ‘Syrians 'are on their own' as West dithers and bloodshed continues’, The Times, 2 August 2011. Blanford, Nicholas and Sheera Frenkel ‘Israel fury as Russia gives Assad missiles’, The Times, 29 May 2013. Bone, James ‘Border town hit by Syrian troops’, The Times, 13 June 2011. Bone, James ‘The tanks shot them - they were two boys’, The Times, 13 June 2011. Boyes, Roger ‘Arabs raise pressure on Assad’, The Times, 6 February 2012. Boyes, Roger ‘Moscow minds its own business’, The Times, 6 February 2012. Boyes, Roger ‘Russia and the West could get embroiled in a proxy war’, The Times, 9 February 2012. Boyes, Roger ‘Friends hope to fix humanitarian crisis with aid corridor’, The Times, 23 February 2012. Boyes, Roger ‘Russia holds the cards as the West gathers players’, The Times, 25 February 2012. Boyes, Roger ‘Drop the Brics. They don't belong in one club’, The Times, 30 March 2012. Boyes, Roger ‘Moscow is an accomplice to murder’, The Times, 14 June 2012. Boyes, Roger ‘Kerry vows to help Syrian opposition’, The Times, 26 February 2013. Boyes, Roger ‘Chemical weapons may prove Obama's key test’, The Times, 26 April 2013. Boyes, Roger ‘Cameron urges emergency EU talks as Egypt death toll rises’, The Times, 17 August 2013. Boyes, Roger ‘Ignore the conspiracists: we must find out the truth’, The Times, 22 August 2013. Boyes, Roger ‘The five scenarios for tackling Assad's regime’, The Times, 28 August 2013. Boyes, Roger ‘We need regime change, not a wrist slap’, The Times, 29 August 2013. Boyes, Roger ‘Washington seeks new best friends’, The Times, 31 August 2013. Boyes, Roger and Richard Beeston ‘We need arms, rebels' new leader tells West’, The Times, 12 April 2013. Boyes, Roger and Alexandra Frean ‘Israel pressures Obama to take action on Assad’, The Times, 29 April 2013. Boyes, Roger, Sheera Frenkel and Nicholas Blanford ‘Syria chemical gas attack raises stakes for Obama’, The Times, 26 February 2013. Boyes, Roger and Anthony Loyd ‘France urges the world to act as time runs out for inspectors’, The Times, 23 August 2013. Brenton, Tony ‘Putin’s fears are not for Assad but for himself’, The Times, 8 February 2012. Carter, Claire ‘Paddy Ashdown 'ashamed' of Britain over Commons vote’, The Times, 30 August 2013. Chamseddine, Fares ‘Syrian rebels will welcome the rousing of Turkey Fares Chamseddine’, The Times, 29 June 2012. Christie-Miller, Alexander ‘Red Crescent ready to cross border’, The Times, 22 June 2011. Christie-Miller, Alexander ‘Assad isolated after Iran calls for end to bloody crackdown’, The Times, 9 September 2011. Christie-Miller, Alexander ‘'No-fly' threat to Assad’, The Times, 18 November 2011. Christie-Miller, Alexander ‘Every day there are martyrs, every day I do this: the Free Syrian Army's hopeless courage’, The Times, 15 December 2011. Coates, Sam ‘A lonely war for Cameron ... but now he knows his comrades in arms’, The Times, 21 October 2011. Coates, Sam ‘Give weapons, not words, rebels tell Syria summit’, The Times, 25 February 2012. Coates, Sam ‘West considers 'all options' against Assad as time ticks away on Syrian peace plan’, The Times, 1 June 2012. Coates, Sam ‘Voters turn against strikes on regime’, The Times, 29 August 2013. Coates, Sam, Francis Elliott and Frances Gibb ‘Shadow of past conflicts hangs over options for military strike’, The Times, 28 August 2013. Coates, Sam, Francis Elliott and Dominic Kennedy ‘Alarm bells were ignored as No 10 raced headlong towards an historic defeat’, The Times, 31 August 2013. Coghlan, Tom ‘Al-Qaeda as strong as ever, says CIA man who trailed bin Laden’, The Times, 27 May 2011. Coghlan, Tom ‘Sectarian rifts threaten future of democracy movement’, The Times, 27 February 2012. Coghlan, Tom ‘Rebels renew desperate pleas for help as columns of tanks close on Aleppo’, The Times, 30 July 2012. Coghlan, Tom ‘Islamists and criminals 'rob revolution of its democracy'’, The Times, 6 August 2012. 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Gledhill, Ruth ‘Right for us to intervene, says rabbi’, The Times, 29 August 2013. Finkelstein, Daniel ‘What happens in Syria will not stay in Syria’, The Times, 28 August 2013. Fletcher, Martin ‘World watches impotently’, The Times, 2 August 2011. Fletcher, Martin ‘Embassies attacked by Syrian loyalists as Assad hits back at Arab League suspension’, The Times, 14 November 2011. Fletcher, Martin ‘The West will stay out of 'quagmire' of a conflict’, thetimes.co.uk, 25 December 2011. Fletcher, Martin ‘The Arab Spring has been astounding. Don't dismiss it’, thetimes.co.uk, 28 December 2011. Fletcher, Martin ‘Rebels write their wills as Syrian troops move in’, The Times, 1 March 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘'There is no truce ... we've had enough of Assad's lies'’, The Times, 13 April 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘The secret cells where Syria holds its rebels’, The Times, 11 May 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘The children of Houla will soon be forgotten’, The Times, 28 May 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘The tipping point’, The Times, 30 May 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘UN turns up the pressure after new Syrian slaughter’, The Times, 2 June 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘France edges UN towards intervention as Russia denies arming Assad regime’, The Times, 14 June 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘Assad military HQ destroyed as suicide bomber brings war to heart of regime’, The Times, 27 September 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘British aid boost is on the way at last’, The Times, 18 October 2012. Fletcher, Martin ‘Britain to give 'moderate' rebels armoured vehicles’, The Times, 7 March 2013. Frean, Alexandra ‘Anti-war candidate faces battle to earn spurs as defence chief’, The Times, 28 January 2013. Frean, Alexandra ‘Pressure to act builds as White House admits Syria has 'crossed line'’, The Times, 26 April 2013. Frean, Alexandra ‘Kremlin may bow to pressure if Syrians have used chemicals’, The Times, 3 May 2013. Frenkel, Sheera ‘'We could be at war for ever'’, The Times, 25 August 2012. Frenkel, Sheera ‘Syria 'plans to turn chemical weapons on civilians'’, The Times, 19 September 2012. Frenkel, Sheera and Martin Fletcher ‘Israeli airstrike destroys Syrian convoy 'taking hi-tech weapons to Hezbollah'’, The Times, 31 January 2013. Hague, William ‘Freedom is still flowering in the Arab Spring’, thetimes.co.uk, 13 January, 2012. Halpin, Tony ‘Stance hardened by suspicion’, The Times, 5 June, 2012. Haynes, Deborah ‘West confined to watching and waiting’, The Times, 4 May 2012. Haynes, Deborah ‘Al-Qaeda blamed as more than 100 die in wave of co-ordinated violence’, The Times, 24 July 2012. Haynes, Deborah ‘Caution dictates the response to Assad's assaults’, The Times, 15 November 2012. Haynes, Deborah ‘Cameron's rhetoric is at odds with new reality’, The Times, 23 January 2013. Haynes, Deborah and Yonit Farago ‘Israelis queue for gas masks as fears grow that Hezbollah has Scud missiles’, The Times, 21 August 2012. Haynes, Deborah and Sheera Frenkel ‘Assad may be using poison gas 'to test Obama's red line resolve'’, The Times, 17 January 2013. Haynes, Deborah, Laura Pitel, Martin Fletcher, Alexandra Frean and Nicholas Blanford ‘Syria rebels demand action from allies who have broken their promises of aid’, The Times, 4 May 2012. Hider, James ‘Diplomacy and an exit route better options than military aid’, The Times, 16 August 2011. Hider, James ‘Nato 'planning no-fly zone to save Syrians'’, The Times, 13 January 2012. Hider, James ‘Allah will topple Assad’, The Times, 13 February 2012. Hider, James ‘Outrage at Homs massacre’, The Times, 13 March 2012. Hider, James ‘‘No one can say they didn’t know what was happening’’, The Times, 10 April 2012. Hider, James ‘Inactivity clears the stage for jihadists, regional power plays and sectarianism’, The Times, 4 June 2012. Hider, James ‘Rebel forces take fight to Assad's doorstep’, The Times, 17 July 2012. Hider, James ‘A breakaway zone will be difficult to ignore’, The Times, 1 August 2012. Hider, James and Nicholas Blanford ‘Protesters brave teargas and bullets as regime sends 'surge' to cut off rebel city’, The Times, 29 March 2011. Hider, James, Michael Evans and Nicholas Blanford ‘US considering military options in Syria as rebels plead for arms and no-fly zones’, The Times, 9 February 2012. Hider, James, Tony Halpin and Michael Evans ‘Nato 'planning no-fly zones to protect Syrian deserters'’, The Times, 13 January 2012. Hider, James, Deborah Haynes, Michael Evans and Hugh Tomlinson ‘British and US military sent to prevent chemical weapons grab’, The Times, 11 October 2012. Hines, Nico ‘A seven-year-old boy takes up arms against Assad’, The Times, 28 March 2013. Jagger, Suzy ‘Pointless diplomatic charade’, The Times, 13 June 2012. Kamm, Oliver ‘If you want lessons in leadership, steer clear of Kofi Annan’, The Times, 1 October 2012. Kenber, Billy ‘Bush was the worst thing ever to happen to Blair, says David Miliband’, The Times, 6 March 2013. Lamb, Cristina ‘US plots with Syria rebels on Skype’, The Times, 9 December 2012. Letters ‘The pitfalls of armed intervention in Syria’, The Times, 19 June 2013. Loyd, Anthony ‘Hiding with the Syrian rebels’, The Times, 17 January 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Assad should learn from Sarajevo: intervention will come eventually’, The Times, 7 April 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘'Doing nothing' stokes violence’, The Times, 2 June 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Neutrality favours the aggressor, and doing nothing leads to more savagery’, The Times, 11 June 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘No-fly zones easiest way to hasten fall of Assad’, The Times, 15 June 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Scales of uprising begin to tip against Assad’, The Times, 16 June 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Chilling logic behind the regime's brutality’, The Times, 26 June 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Foreign jihadists join fight - but not the cause’, The Times, 31 July 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Worse than war: inside city of death’, The Times, 28 September 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘It started as an uprising. It is turning into jihad’, The Times, 29 September 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘More bloodshed is inevitable’, The Times, 5 October 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Rebels will not get support unless they meet US aims’, The Times, 2 November 2012. Loyd, Anthony ‘Revealed: tragic victims of Syria's nerve gas war’, The Times, 26 April 2013. Loyd, Anthony ‘Arming the rebels is the best path to peace’, The Times, 29 May 2013. Loyd, Anthony ‘And so the fighting drags on ...’, The Times, 6 June 2013. Loyd, Anthony ‘This victory does not mean Assad can subdue rebels’, The Times, 7 June 2013. Loyd, Anthony ‘Diplomatic chess game moves to a critical level’, The Times, 15 June 2013. Loyd, Anthony ‘Terror threat waiting on West's doorstep’, The Times, 19 August 2013. Loyd, Anthony ‘How can my England ignore these horrors?’, The Times, 31 August 2013. Loyd, Anthony and Sam Coates ‘We can't rule out intervention, says Hague, in a Syria that looks like Bosnia in the 90s’, The Times, 11 June 2012. MacIntyre, Ben ‘Ghostly sect of Syria's past haunts its future’, The Times, 8 June 2012. MacLean, Ruth ‘Regime moves to secure its chemical weapons’, The Times, 29 September 2012. McCullin, Don ‘The al-Qaeda heroes’, The Times, 14 December 2012. Montgomerie, Tim ‘We need the world's policeman back on duty’, The Times, 21 Janaury 2013. Montgomerie, Tim ‘The Arab world must act - or face disaster’, The Times, 18 March 2013. O’Sullivan, John ‘The world's policeman isn't answering calls’, The Times, 16 August 2013. Owen, David ‘Annan is right for Syria. But he needs time’, The Times, 16 April 2012. Parris, Matthew ‘Revulsion isn't enough. We can't help in Syria’, The Times, 25 February 2012. Parris, Matthew, ‘Hurrah for this short, sharp answer on Syria’, The Times, 14 March 2013. Parris, Matthew, ‘'We' are not the West: 'we' shouldn't intervene’, The Times, 22 June 2013. Parris, Matthew, ‘We need to rethink our commitments, not the cuts to our forces’, The Times, 22 June 2013. Parris, Matthew, ‘Cameron has struck a blow for democracy’, The Times, 31 August 2013. Pavia, Will; Tony Halpin and Alexandra Frean ‘Syria's allies refuse to act as further 'executions' discovered’, The Times, 31 May 2012. Philp, Catherine ‘Obama calls for regime change in Syria’, The Times, 19 August 2011. Philp, Catherine ‘European leaders scramble to take the credit as Obama reacts with caution’, The Times, 21 October 2011. Philp, Catherine ‘Assad's motorcade blasted in rocket attack, rebels claim’, The Times, 9 August 2013. Piotrowicz, Ryszard ‘Letter’, The Times, 1 June 2012. Pitel, Laura ‘Miliband invited to attend Syria war briefing’, The Times, 25 June 2013. Pitel, Laura ‘Syrian rebels will return arms at end of uprising, says minister’, The Times, 12 July 2013. Pitel, Laura and Alexander Christie-Miller ‘Foreign Office begins talks with Assad opposition’, The Times, 19 November 2011. Poirier, Agnès ‘No more Monsieur Nice Guy. We need a plan’, The Times, 2 April 2013. Rifkind, Hugo ‘Syria's mess is a result of intervening too much’, The Times, 7 May 2013. Rifkind, Malcolm ‘Syrians, not Westerners, will topple Assad’, The Times, 13 June 2011. Righter, Rosemary ‘The UN is powerless to stop justice being done’, The Times, 30 August 2013. Salam, Reihan ‘It is now too late for Obama to rescue Syria’, The Times, 3 May 2013. Savage, Michael ‘Arm the opposition at once, Rifkind urges’, The Times, March 14 2011. Savage, Michael ‘Words not enough against tyrants, Cameron tells UN’, The Times, 23 September 2011. Savage, Michael ‘Cameron blames Russia and China for atrocities’, The Times, 27 September 2012. Savage, Michael, Roland Watson and David Taylor ‘Putin tells Cameron: You are siding with cannibals’, The Times, 17 June 2013. Sebag Montefiore, Simon ‘Syria is a lame tiger. That's why it's dangerous’, The Times, 26 November 2011. Scott, Evelyn ‘Training in torture and fear for no-fly zone as regimes hit back’, The Times 9 May 2011. Shapiro, Jeremy ‘It's not Syria, it's you: the special relationship is over Jeremy Shapiro’, The Times 31 August 2013. Singh, Randhir ‘Letter: Syria intervention?’, The Times 27 August 2013. Slinger, John ‘Why have Western leaders ignored Syria?’, The Times 7 May 2012. Straw, Jack ‘What is happening across the Arab World shows that al-Qaida has failed’, The Times 4 May 2011. Sylvester, Rachel and Thomson, Alice ‘I’ve often been wrong, but I was absolutely right about the euro’, The Times, 10 September 2011. Taheri, Amir ‘Pessimism must not derail the Arab Spring’, Thetimes.co.uk, 17 June 2011. Taheri, Amir ‘Bravery over Syria revives the Arab League's authority Amir Taheri’, The Times, 18 November 2011. Taheri, Amir ‘Even if Syria's regime stays, Assad must go’, The Times, 9 April 2012. Taheri, Amir ‘Syria looks to Kerry. It's his duty to intervene’, The Times, 26 February 2013. Taylor, David ‘Nato is making contingency’, The Times, 20 March 2013. Taylor, David ‘Obama will put off decision day’, The Times, 24 April 2013. Taylor, David ‘US admits plan to arm Syrian rebels in aftermath of chemical weapons claim’, The Times, 2 May 2013. Taylor, David ‘On all fronts, Obama's red lines are getting harder to detect’, The Times, 6 May 2013. Taylor, David ‘Obama rewards controversial supporter with top security job’, The Times, 6 June 2013. Taylor, David, Michael Evans and Nicholas Blanford ‘A war in Syria will cost us billions, warns US general’, The Times, 24 July 2013. Taylor, David and Alexandra Frean ‘US to help Syria rebels after nerve gas deaths’, The Times, 14 June 2013. Taylor, David and Alexandra Frean ‘Obama 'cannot launch' missile strike on Assad without British support’, The Times, 30 August 2013. The Times, ‘Is bin Laden’s death a new beginning?’, The Times, 3 May 2011. The Times, ‘The West will stay out of ‘quagmire’ of a conflict’, The Times, 15 December 2011. The Times, ‘Sarajevo, Rwanda, Congo. Add Homs to the list’, The Times, 1 March 2012. The Times, ‘Defectors say fear is all that keeps Assad's army fighting’, The Times, 29 March 2012. The Times, ‘Assad's Rubicon’, The Times, 10 April 2012. The Times, ‘Assad's Last Chance’, The Times, 10 April 2012. The Times, ‘Eyes of the world are fixed on you, Assad is warned’, The Times, 28 July 2012. The Times, ‘The stakes keep rising in game of revolt and politics, religion and death’, The Times, 18 August 2012. The Times, ‘Religious schism could wreck the Arab Spring’, The Times, 22 August 2012. The Times, ‘Tragedy is looming if no one acts’, The Times, 14 November 2012. The Times, ‘Hague warned on Syria intervention’, The Times, 20 December 2012. The Times, ‘'Syria's rebels want democracy - so we should be helping to arm them'; Blair’, The Times, 15 June 2013. Tomlinson, Hugh ‘Protesters won't be fooled by familiar, empty rhetoric’ The Times 31 March 2011 Tomlinson, Hugh ‘Send troops to halt killing, says leader who aided Libyan rebels’ The Times 16 January 2012 Tomlinson, Hugh and Sheera Frenkel ‘Special Forces ready on border to take out Assad's chemical weapons’ The Times, 24 August 2012 Tomlinson, Hugh and Lucy Pawle ‘Civil war feared as Islamists vow to resist 'military coup'’ The Times, 8 July 2013 Webster, Philip and Beeston, Richard ‘The battle is for an open world, not a closed one’, thetimes.co.uk, 9 September 2011. Whittell, Giles ‘Fourth war is not an option’, The Times, 12 July 2011.

The Sunday Times Amoore, Miles ‘Assad soldier 'cut off baby's head'’, The Sunday Times, 15 January 2011. Arlidge, John, ‘A new Washington in the desert sands’, The Sunday Times, 12 February 2012. Burleigh, Michael ‘Beware the jihad veterans coming home’, The Sunday Times, 14 April 2012. Cavendish, Camilla ‘Hurt Assad without helping the Islamists?’, The Sunday Times, 25 August 2013. Editorial ‘SYRIA MUST CALL AN IMMEDIATE CEASEFIRE’, The Sunday Times, 26 February 2012. Editorial ‘THE BUCK STOPS WITH YOU, MR PRESIDENT’, The Sunday Times, 16 June 2013. Editorial ‘WEST WOULD BE FOOLS TO ARM SYRIAN 'MODERATES'’, The Sunday Times, 23 June 2013. Editorial ‘WEST MUST LOOK TO RUSSIA TO CALM SYRIA'’, The Sunday Times, 25 August 2013. Fisher, Lucy ‘How the world could act’, The Sunday Times, 3 June 2012. Fisk, Robert ‘Beware wishful thinking. Assad isn't going soon’, The Sunday Times, 18 April 2013. Follain, John ‘Assad 'ready to use poison gas'’, The Sunday Times, 2 December 2012. Follain, John and Tony Allen-Mills ‘CIA chokes rebels' weapon supply amid Islamist fears’, The Sunday Times, 12 August 2012. Gadher, Dipesh ‘A REGIME OF TORTURE AND DESIGNER LABELS’, The Sunday Times, 18 March 2012. Gadher, Dipesh ‘Iran 'faked British chemical weapons plot'’, The Sunday Times, 3 February 2013. Harnden, Toby ‘Eleven states pledge 'all necessary' help for Syria rebels’, The Sunday Times, 23 June 2013. Harnden, Toby and Mark Hookham ‘THE GATHERING STORM’, The Sunday Times, 2 June 2013. Harnden, Toby, Uzi Mahnaimi and Marie Woolf ‘HAS SYRIA CROSSED THE RED LINE?’, The Sunday Times, 28 April 2013. Hastings, Max ‘A series of British generals deliver some hard truths on the wars they led in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan’, The Sunday Times, 11 August 2013. Hookham, Mark and Tim Ripley ‘British 'risk all-out war' in Syria’, The Sunday Times, 28 April 2013. Jaber, Hala, ‘Strike Syria and the world will shake’, The Sunday Times, 20 November 2011. Jaber, Hala, ‘'Bullying' Britain fanning the flames, warns Assad’, The Sunday Times, 3 March 2013. Lawson, Dominic ‘With Middle Eastern moderates like these, who needs extremists?’, The Sunday Times, 23 June 2013. MacLeod, Hugh and Annasofie Flamand, ‘Syria saves harshest torture for children’, The Sunday Times, 8 April 2012. Mahnaimi, Uzi ‘Russian naval force gathers off Syria in warning to West’, The Sunday Times, 6 January 2013. Mahnaimi, Uzi ‘Israelis strike at Syrian missiles’, The Sunday Times, 14 July 2013. Mahnaimi, Uzi and Toby Harnden ‘Families flee seaside town after massacre by Assad troops’, The Sunday Times, 5 May 2013. Mahnaimi, Uzi and Toby Harnden ‘Israeli strike on Syria destroys 'game-changing' missiles’, The Sunday Times, 5 May 2013. Raab, Dominic ‘Slamming the door on tyrants’, The Sunday Times, 26 February 2012. Raab, Dominic ‘Syria, a contained cauldron we need not touch’, The Sunday Times, 26 May 2013. Sawalha, Nadia ‘Interview’, The Sunday Times, 3 March 2013. Sullivan, Andrew ‘Obama stays out of Syria by deftly disarming his warrior queens’, The Sunday Times, 9 June 2013. Sullivan, Andrew ‘This time the spirit of revolution means sitting on our hands’, The Sunday Times, 7 July 2013. The Sunday Times, ‘White House Hamlet sends a risky message’, The Sunday Times, 27 March 2011. The Sunday Times, ‘Russians push for Syrian election’, The Sunday Times, 24 June 2012. The Sunday Times, ‘A STAIN ON US ALL’, The Sunday Times, 25 August 2013. Wolfowitz, Paul and Palmer, Mark ‘Our dithering has played into Assad's hands’, The Sunday Times, 22 July 2012. Woolf, Marie, Mark Hookham and Tony Harnden ‘Allies move towards air war on Syria’, The Sunday Times, 25 August 2013.

The Sun Editorial, ‘End of a tyrant’, , 21 October 2011. Editorial, ‘Empty words’, The Sun, 23 August 2013. Editorial, ‘Breathing space’, The Sun, 29 August 2013. Hawkins, Harry ‘US: Syria has used chemical weapons’, The Sun, 26 April 2013. Harvey, Oliver ‘If Britain had helped us two years ago, it would have avoided bloodshed’, The Sun, 15 June 2013. Kavanagh, Trevor ‘Nightmare war finally sucks us in’, The Sun, 26 August 2013. Newton-Dunn, Tom ‘Chemical victims will draw us into Syria war’, The Sun, 28 March 2013. Newton-Dunn, Tom ‘We'll be at war again’, The Sun, 18 July 2013. Newton-Dunn, Tom ‘DON'T BOMB SYRIA’, The Sun, 27 August 2013. Newton-Dunn, Tom ‘YANK YOU & GOODNIGHT’, The Sun, 31 August 2013. Rifkind, Malcolm ‘One must salute the Syrian people…’, The Sun, 3 June 2012. Schofield, Kevin ‘CAM WAR CRIME BLAST’, The Sun, 27 April 2013. Schofield, Kevin ‘CANNIBAL’, The Sun, 17 June 2013. The Sun, ‘UN Syria vote fails’, The Sun, 5 October 2011. The Sun, ‘Al-Qaeda 'moving into Syria'’, The Sun, 2 June 2012. The Sun, ‘Assad Attack’, The Sun, 26 April 2013. The Sun, ‘Hague's Syria call’, The Sun, 17 May 2013. The Sun, ‘MPs must say no to Crusading Cam's 'morality'’, The Sun, 29 August 2013. Willetts, David ‘Top brass reject Cameron plans to send troops’, The Sun, 12 November 2012.

Washington Post Byman, Daniel ‘Can we help Syria without making things worse?’ Washington Post, 12 February 2012 Krauthammer, Charles ‘Syria — It’s not just about freedom’ Washington Post, 2 February 2012 Editorial ‘Saving Syria requires Russia’s cooperation’ Washington Post, 30 January 2012 Editorial ‘The U.N.’s unworkable plan for Syria’ Washington Post, 22 March 2012 Englund, Will ‘Russia criticizes West, sends mission to Syria’ Washington Post, 6 February 2012 Fordham, Alice ‘Syria accepts Annan’s peace plan, but violence persists’ Washington Post, 28 March 2012 Fordham, Alice and Karen DeYoung ‘Syria crisis tops agenda at Turkey-Iran meeting, Arab summit, Clinton talks’ Washington Post, 29 March 2012 Ignatius, David ‘Endgame in Syria’ Washington Post, 31 January 2012 Kissinger, Henry ‘A new doctrine of intervention?’ Washington Post, 30 March 2012 Lynch, Colum ‘Russia asserting itself against West, this time over Syria regime change’ Washington Post, 28 January 2012 Lynch, Colum ‘U.S. allies drop bid for Syria sanctions’ Washington Post, 3 February 2012 Lynch, Colum ‘Syrian peace plan: U.N. Security Council endorses Kofi Annan’s proposal’ Washington Post, 21 March 2012 Lynch, Colum and Alice Fordham ‘Russia, China veto U.N. resolution on Syria’ Washington Post, 4 February 2012 Richburg, Keith ‘China, U.S. clash on Syria, other global issues ahead of Xi Jinping visit’ Washington Post, 10 February 2012 Sly, Liz ‘Syrian activists: Dozens of bodies found near Homs in one of worst mass killings of conflict’ Washington Post, 27 February 2012 Sly, Liz ‘Syrian opposition: International military help ‘urgent’ after Homs killings’ Washington Post, 12 March 2012

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