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Hacker's Handbook for Ringzer0 Training, by Steve Lord
Hacker’s Handbook For Ringzer0 Training, by Steve Lord This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright ©2021 Raw Hex Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Retro Zer0 is a trademark of Ring Zer0 Training. Raw Hex is a trademark of Raw Hex Ltd. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Raw Hex Ltd reserve the right to make changes or improvements to equipment, software and documentation herein described at any time and without notice. Notice: Please be advised that your Retro Zer0 has no warranty, and that tampering with the internal hardware and software of your Ring Zer0 is widely encouraged as long as you do so with appropriate regard to safety. Contents 1 Preface 5 1.1 Safety ........................... 6 1.2 Understanding This Document ............ 6 2 Before You Start 7 2.1 Check You Have Everything .............. 7 2.2 Back Up The SD Card ................. 8 2.3 Connecting Up Your Retro Zer0 ............ 8 2.4 Powering Up ....................... 10 2.5 Resetting Your Retro Zer0 . 10 2.6 Powering Down ..................... 10 3 First Steps 11 3 4 CONTENTS 3.1 Testing The Keyboard . 11 3.2 Using CP/M ....................... 12 3.3 Would You Like To Play A Game? . 14 3.4 MultiCPM Extras ..................... 17 3.5 Useful Tools ....................... 19 3.6 What’s On The Card? . 20 3.7 Putting It All Together . 23 3.8 Where To Read More . 25 4 Being Productive With Retro Zer0 27 4.1 WordStar .........................27 4.2 Supercalc .........................30 4.3 DBase ...........................32 4.4 Microsoft BASIC .....................32 4.5 Turbo Pascal .......................34 4.6 Forth 83 .........................36 4.7 ZDE ............................38 4.8 Z80 Assembler .....................39 4.9 Hi-Tech C .........................43 4.10 XLisp ...........................46 CONTENTS 5 4.11 Installing New Software . -
North Star MDS Micro Disk System Double Density
NorthSbrCompumlnc 2547 Ninth Street Berkeley, Co. 94710 MICRO-DISK SYSTEM MDS-A-D DOUBLE DENSITY Table of Contents Introduction. ..... • 2 Cautions ...... 2 Limited Hardware Warranty 3 Out of Warranty Repair .. 3 Limited Software Warranty 4 Software License ...•. 4 Parts List ........ 5 Assembly Information ••. 8 ,< Figure lA: Identification of Components 10 Assembly and Check-out Instructions 11 l System Integration .•••.... 22 , Theory of Operation ••••• 27 ! Appendix 1: Pulse Signal Detection 35 I Schematic Drawings ••.•••.• 36 -~ I ; Copyright 1978, North star Computers, Inc. MDS-D REVISION 2 25010 INTRODUCTION The North Star Micro-Disk System (MDS-A-O) is a complete floppy disk system for use with 5-100 bus computers. The system .• includes the disk controller board, one floppy disk drive, power regulation, cables, software and documentation. The software is provided on diskette and includes the North Star Disk Operating System, BASIC Language System, Monitor, and various utility programs. The system is capable of controlling up to four disk drives. Each disk drive can record 179,200 bytes of information on a diskette, thus allowing up to 716,800 bytes of on-line disk storage. Addition disk drives, AC power supplies, and cabinets are available as options If you have purchased the MDS-A-D as a kit, then first skim the entire manual. Be sure to carefully read the Assembly Information section before beginning assembly. If you have purchased the MDS-A-D in assembled form, you may skip the A Assembly section. ., CAUTIONS .- 1. Correct this document from the errata before doing anything else. 2. Do NOT insert or remove the MDS controller from the computer while the power is turned on. -
BASIC Programs for Computing Displacements, Strains, and Tilts from Quadrilateral Measurements
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BASIC programs for computing displacements, strains, and tilts from quadrilateral measurements by Arvid M. Johnson and r> Rex L. Baum Open-File Report 87-3^3 Any use of trade names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. University of Cincinnati (M.L. 13) U.S. Geological Survey Cincinnati, Ohio M5221 Box 250H6, MS 966 Denver, CO 80225 1987 INTRODUCTION Since 1983, we have been using quadrilaterals defined by survey stakes (fig. 1) to measure displacements, strains, and tilts at the surfaces of landslides. A companion paper will describe the use of quadrilaterals and give derivations of the equations needed to compute displacements, strains, and tilts. This report provides user instructions for, and listings of, BASIC programs that perform the computations. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with MBASIC and CP/M. However, we have tried to make the user instructions complete and step by step so that the average user can run the programs successfully. B (a) (b) Figure 1. Quadrilateral, (a) Isometric view showing survey stakes on a hillside, (b) Plan view. By convention, stake A has the highest elevation and the other stakes are named B, C, and D in clockwise rotation from A. In the field, the slope distance between each pair of stakes and the elevation of each stake is measured. The azimuth of line AC is used to orient the data. -
Commodore 64 Users Guide
INTRODUCTION Now that you've become more intimately involved with your Commo- dore 64, we want you to know that our customer support does not stop here. You may not know it, but Commodore has been in business for over 23 years. In the 1970's we introduced the first self-contained per- sonal computer (the PET). We have since become the leading computer company in many countries of the world. Our ability to design and manufacture our own computer chips allows us to bring you new and better personal computers at prices way below what you'd expect for this level of technical excellence. Commodore is committed to supporting not only you, the end user, but also the dealer you bought your computer from, magazines which publish how-to articles showing you new applications or techniques, and . importantly . software developers who produce programs on cartridge, disk and tape for use with your computer. We encourage you to establish or join a Commodore "user club" where you can learn new techniques, exchange ideas and share discoveries. We publish two separate magazines which contain programming tips, information on new products and ideas for computer applications. (See Appendix N). In North America, Commodore provides a "Commodore Information Network" on the CompuServe Information Service . to access this network, all you need is your Commodore 64 computer and our low cost VICMODEMtelephone interface cartridge (or other compatible modem). The following APPENDICEScontain charts, tables, and other informa- tion which help you program your Commodore 64 faster and more efficiently. They also include important information on the wide variety of Commodore products you may be interested in, and a bibliography listing of over 20 books and magazines which can help you develop your programming skills and keep you current on the latest information con- cerning your computer and peripherals. -
Mbasic Vt180, Vs.21 Getting Started with Mbasic Vt180
MBASIC VT180, VS.21 GETTING STARTED WITH MBASIC VT180 AA-P22SA-TV MBASIC VTlS0, VS.21 GETTING STARTED WITH MBASIC VT180 AA-P22SA-TV developed by MICROSOFT CORPORATION Bellevue, Washing ton DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION Maynard, Massachusetts / .. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a com mitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the. use or reliability of software by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies. Copyr ig ht @ 1981, MICROSOFT CORPORATION Licensed to DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, Maynard, Massachusetts. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: ASSIST DIGITAL RSTS COMPUTER LABS EDUsystem RSX COMTEX FLIP CHIP RTS-8 DATATRIEVE FOCAL SBI DDT lAS TMS-ll DEC INDAC TRAX DECCOMM ITPS-IO TYPESET-8 DECmate LAB-8 TYPESET-II DECnet MASSBUS UNIBUS DECSYSTEM-IO OMNIBUS VAX DECSYSTEM-20 OS/8 VMS DECtape PDP VT DECUS PDT Work Processor DECwriter PHA VT180 DIBOL CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research PRODUCT EXCEPTION REPORTING SERVICE: If, prior to SEPTEMBER 1, 1983, the customer encounters a problem wi th the software as orig inally furnished, a Product Exception Report may be submitted to: Digital Equipment Corporation BOX A 146 Main Street Maynard, MA 01754 Through the software authors, DIGITAL will, wi thout addi tional charg e, respond to the reported error in the current unaltered release of the software by issuing any known correction informa tion to the customer reporting the problem and/or issuing notice of the availability of corrected code. -
User's Reference Manual Commodore BASIC Version
User’s Reference Manual Commodore BASIC Version 4.0 C: commodore Commodore BASIC Version 4.0 \ Appropriate for use with: CBM and PET Computers l Series 2001 l Series 3000 l Series 4000 l Series 8000 Part Number 321604 First Edition July 1980 C: commodore 0 1980 Commodore Business Machines, Inc. Introduction Commodore BASIC 4.0 is the most sophisticated software developed for the CBM com- puter line to date. Programs are of course upward compatible from previous Commodore BASIC releases but both the user and the programmer can enjoy new features of 4.0 The first Commodore BASIC, version 2.0, was released in August 1977 for the PET 2001-8 computer. Version 3.0 in July 1978 added a machine language monitor and corrected known bugs of version 2.0. Version 3.0 is standard in all 2001 series since July 1978. Version 4.0, completed in October 1979 included all the improvements of previous releases, enhanced the speed of string processing, and integrated disk commands into the BASIC language. BASIC 4.0 is standard in the CBM 4000 series and the CBM 8000 series. It is also available as an upgrade for CBM 2001 and 3000 series. The information in this manual has been reviewed and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. The material in this manual is for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Table of Contents Chapter 1 General Information About Commodore BASIC.................................. I 1.1 Initialization .............................................................................................1 -
Microsoft BASIC Easter Egg
Microsoft BASIC Easter Egg Commodore PET Microsoft 6502 BASIC has its roots in the Commodore PET Commodore bought MOS in October 1976 and worked on converting the KIM platform into a complete computer system. They licensed Microsoft BASIC for 6502 (also October 1976), renamed it to Commodore BASIC, replaced the “OK” prompt with “READY.”, stripped out the copyright string and shipped it in the ROMs of the first Commodore PET in 1977. In 1979, Commodore started shipping update ROMs with a version 2 of Commodore BASIC for existing PETs. Apart from updates in array handling, it also contained what became known as the WAIT 6502 Easter egg. If you type “WAIT6502,1” into a Commodore PET with BASIC V2 (1979), it will show the string “MICROSOFT!” at the top left corner of the screen. The Easter egg code does not print the characters through library routines, but instead writes the values directly into screen RAM. While BASIC used the ASCII character encoding, the Commodore character set had its own encoding, with “A” starting at $01, but leaving digits and special characters at the same positions as in ASCII. Thus, when the 10 hidden and obfuscated bytes a1 54 46 8f 13 8f 52 43 89 cd has their two most significant bytes stripped becoming 21 14 06 0f 13 0f 12 03 09 0d and then reversed, on the PET they decode into: MICROSOFT! Although this particular version of the Easter egg was written for the Commodore PET, Microsoft did not encode its company name in BASIC specifically for Commodore: The 9 digit BASIC 6502 version 1.1 for the KIM-1 contained the 10 hidden bytes: The version of Microsoft BASIC for the 6502-based Apple II, called “AppleSoft“, contains the same 10 bytes KIM-1 BASIC was released in 1977, AppleSoft II in spring 1978, and the V2 ROM of the PET in spring 1979. -
{PDF EPUB} Learning IBM Basic: for the Personal Computer by David A
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer by David A. Lien Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer [Lien, David A.] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer5/5(1)Format: PaperbackAuthor: David A. LienLearning IBM BASIC for the personal computer : Lien, David ...https://archive.org/details/learningibmbasic00lienLearning IBM BASIC for the personal computer Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. ... Learning IBM BASIC for the personal computer by Lien, David A. (David Alvin), 1934-Publication date 1984 Topics IBM Personal Computer, BASIC (Computer program language), ComputersPages: 520Learning IBM BASIC for the personal computer (Book, 1985 ...https://www.worldcat.org/title/learning-ibm-basic...Get this from a library! Learning IBM BASIC for the personal computer. [David A Lien] Learning IBM BASIC For The Personal Computer: ISBN: 0-932760-13-9: Author: David A. Lien: Publisher: Compusoft Publishing: Price: $19.95: First Printing: 1984: Number of Pages: 496 Learning IBM BASIC for the Personal Computer by David A. Lien A copy that has been read, but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact, and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting, and the copy … Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer Nov 1, 1983. by David A. Lien Paperback. $23.99. Only 1 left in stock - order soon. ... by David Lien Paperback. $3.76. More Buying Choices $3.76 ... Aug 22, 2008 · Author of MS-DOS, The BASIC handbook, an encyclopedia of the BASIC computer language, The BASIC handbook, Learning BASIC for Tandy computers, Learning Apple II BASIC, The IBM BASIC handbook, The Tandy 200 portable computer, Learning Microsoft BASIC for the MacintoshWritten works: Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal ComputerBooks by David A. -
BASIC Programming with Unix Introduction
LinuxFocus article number 277 http://linuxfocus.org BASIC programming with Unix by John Perr <johnperr(at)Linuxfocus.org> Abstract: About the author: Developing with Linux or another Unix system in BASIC ? Why not ? Linux user since 1994, he is Various free solutions allows us to use the BASIC language to develop one of the French editors of interpreted or compiled applications. LinuxFocus. _________________ _________________ _________________ Translated to English by: Georges Tarbouriech <gt(at)Linuxfocus.org> Introduction Even if it appeared later than other languages on the computing scene, BASIC quickly became widespread on many non Unix systems as a replacement for the scripting languages natively found on Unix. This is probably the main reason why this language is rarely used by Unix people. Unix had a more powerful scripting language from the first day on. Like other scripting languages, BASIC is mostly an interpreted one and uses a rather simple syntax, without data types, apart from a distinction between strings and numbers. Historically, the name of the language comes from its simplicity and from the fact it allows to easily teach programming to students. Unfortunately, the lack of standardization lead to many different versions mostly incompatible with each other. We can even say there are as many versions as interpreters what makes BASIC hardly portable. Despite these drawbacks and many others that the "true programmers" will remind us, BASIC stays an option to be taken into account to quickly develop small programs. This has been especially true for many years because of the Integrated Development Environment found in Windows versions allowing graphical interface design in a few mouse clicks. -
GWBASIC User's Manual
GWBASIC User's Manual User's Guide GW-BASIC User's Guide Chapters 1. Welcome Microsoft Corporation 2. Getting Started Information in this document is subject to change without 3. Reviewing and Practicing notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of 4. The Screen Editor Microsoft Corporation. The software described in this 5. Creating and Using Files document is furnished under a license agreement or 6. Constants, Variables, nondisclosure agreement. It is against the law to copy this Expressions and Operators software on magnetic tape, disk, or any other medium for any Appendicies purpose other than the purchaser's personal use. A. Error Codes and Messages © Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1986, 1987. All rights B. Mathematical Functions reserved. C. ASCII Character Codes D. Assembly Language Portions copyright COMPAQ Computer Corporation, 1985 E. Converting Programs Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. F. Communications G. Hexadecimal Equivalents Microsoft®, MS-DOS®, GW-BASIC® and the Microsoft logo H. Key Scan Codes are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. I. Characters Recognized Compaq® is a registered trademark of COMPAQ Computer Glossary Corporation. DEC® is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. User's Reference Document Number 410130001-330-R02-078 ABS Function ASC Function ATN Function GW-BASIC User's Reference AUTO Command Microsoft Corporation BEEP Statement BLOAD Command Information in this document is subject to change without BSAVE Command notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Microsoft Corporation. The software described in this CALL Statement document is furnished under a license agreement or CDBL Function nondisclosure agreement. -
User's Reference Manual Commodore BASIC Version 4.0
User's Reference Manual Commodore BASIC Version 4.0 This document took MANY hours of work to convert from paper to digital format. Printing had not been disabled however, please do no post this document on any publicly accessable location (i.e. your website) without getting written permission from www.commodore.ca in advance. commodore Scanned, OCR'ed & .PDF'ed by www.commodore.ca April 4, 2003 Commodore BASIC Version 4.0 Appropriate for use with: CBM and PET Computers • Series 2001 • Series 3000 • Series 4000 • Series 8000 Part Number 321604 First Edition July 1980 commodore © 1980 Commodore Business Machines Introduction Commodore BASIC 4.0 is the most sophisticated software developed for the CBM com- puter line to date. Programs are of course upward compatible from previous Commodore BASIC releases but both the user and the programmer can enjoy new features of 4.0 The first Commodore BASIC, version 2.0, was released in August 1977 for the PET 2001-8 computer. Version 3.0 in July 1978 added a machine language monitor and corrected known bugs of version 2.0. Version 3.0 is standard in all 2001 series since July 1978. Version 4.0, completed in October 1979 included all the improvements of previous releases, enhanced the speed of string processing, and integrated disk commands into the BASIC language. BASIC 4.0 is standard in the CBM 4000 series and the CBM 8000 series. It is also available as an upgrade for CBM 2001 and 3000 series. The information in this manual has been reviewed and is believed to be entirely reliable. -
Advanced BASIC VCFE9.Pdf
Advanced BASIC Vintage Computer Festival 9.1 Bill Degnan Course Outline • BASIC Overview • Matricies • BASIC Timing Comparisons 1977 • Micro-Soft vs. Tiny BASIC • Micro-Soft BASIC Breakdown using PEEK BASIC Overview • BASIC has three classes of capabilities: commands, statements, and functions. • Commands “part of the operating system or environment” and manipulate global items, such as programs • Statements are made up of keywords, variables, constants, operators, and functions • Functions - A user-defined and library functions. BASIC Overview • Constants. BASIC programs are made up of statements that contain keywords, variables, operators, and constants • Numeric constants (Floating point and Integer) - Each BASIC version handles numeric constants differently. • Character String constants - signaled by a quote (") • Variables - "names" that may take on different values during a problem. - vintage versions of BASIC required variables to start with a letter. Matricies (1966 Dartmouth BASIC) • A matrix is simply a rectangular array of numbers • An array is a set of numbers arranged in rows and columns • A matrix may also consist of a single row or a single column, also called “row vectors” (lists) and “column vectors”. 10 REM MATRICIES USING DARTMOUTH BASIC 20 DIM S(2,2) 30 MAT READ S ... 240 DATA 30, 50 245 DATA 40, 25 250 FOR K=1 TO 2 260 PRINT S(K,1) 270 NEXT K RUN [What would be the output??] Matricies (Digital PDP 11 BASIC) 10 DIM A(2,3) 20 FOR I=0 TO 2 30 FOR J=0 TO 3: LET A(I,J) = 0 40 NEXT J 50 NEXT I 60 FOR I = 0 TO 2: LET A(I,0) = I 70 FOR J = 0 TO 3: LET A(0,J) = J 80 PRINT A(I,J); 90 NEXT J 100 PRINT 110 NEXT I 120 END RUN 0 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 STOP AT LINE 120 READY What’s different? The Knight’s Tour • Chess is played on a square board having 64 smaller squares, eight on a side.