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Home , Abijah Gilbert, Adonijah Welch, Bill Nelson, Claude Pepper, Connie Mack III, David Levy Yulee

SENATORS FROM THE STATE OF

George A. Smathers Libraries

UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM THE STATE OF FLORIDA

A gift from the George A. Smathers Libraries on the occasion of the inaugural public forum of the Initiative on Ethics and Leadership at the , a Discussion of Bipartisan Cooperation in the featuring George A. Smathers Libraries Senator and former Senator Bill Nelson. JULY 2019 United States Senators from the State of Florida

CLASS 1 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that were elected for three United CLASS 3 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that were elected for two United States Congresses in the first elections of 1845, and then the seat was contested States Congresses in the first elections of 1845, and then the seat was contested again every three Congresses (six years) thereafter. The seat in recent years has been again every three Congresses (six years) thereafter. The seat in recent years has been contested in 1994, 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018. The next election will be in 2024. contested in 1998, 2004, 2010, and 2016. The next election will be in 2022.

David Levy Yulee Democrat July 1, 1845 – March 3, 1851 James D. Westcott, Jr. Democrat July 1, 1845 – March 3, 1849 Stephen R. Mallory Democrat March 4, 1851 – January 21, 1861 Jackson Morton Whig March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1855 Democrat March 4, 1855 – January 21, 1861 Vacant Civil War & Reconstruction Vacant Civil War & Reconstruction Adonijah S. Welch Republican July 2, 1868 – March 3, 1869 Thomas W. Osborn Republican June 30, 1868 – March 3, 1873 Republican March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1875 Simon B. Conover Republican March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1879 Charles W. Jones Democrat March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1887 Democrat March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1891 Democrat May 19, 1887 – April 18, 1899 Wilkinson Call Democrat May 26, 1891 – March 3, 1897 James Taliaferro Democrat December 4, 1899 – March 3, 1911 Stephen R. Mallory II Democrat May 25, 1897 – d. December 23, 1907 Democrat January 9, 1908 – d. March 22, 1908 William Hall Milton Democrat April 6, 1908 – March 3, 1909 Nathan P. Bryan Democrat April 4, 1911 – March 3, 1917 Ducan U. Fletcher Democrat March 4, 1909 – d. June 17, 1936 Democrat March 4, 1917 – d. May 8, 1936 Scott Marion Loftin Democrat May 26, 1936 – November 3, 1936 William Luther Hill Democrat July 1, 1936 – November 3, 1936 Charles O. Andrews Democrat November 4, 1936 – d. September 18, 1946 Democrat November 4, 1936 – January 3, 1951 Democrat September 25, 1946 – January 3, 1971 Democrat January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1969 Edward J. Gurney Republican January 3, 1969 – December 31, 1974 Richard Stone Democrat January 1, 1975 – December 31, 1980 Democrat January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1989 Republican January 1, 1981 – January 3, 1987 III Republican January 3, 1989 – January 3, 2001 Democrat January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2005 Bill Nelson Democrat January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2019 Mel Martinez Republican January 3, 2005 – September 9, 2009 Republican January 8, 2019 – George LeMieux Republican September 9, 2009 – January 23, 2011 Marco Rubio Republican January 3, 2011 – 1 YULEE, David Levy (1845–1851, 1855–1861), (formerly David Levy), born in St. Thomas, West Indies, June 12, 1810; immigrated to the United States with his father, who settled in Norfolk, Va.; attended a private school in Norfolk, Va.; studied law in St. Augustine, Fla.; was admitted to the bar in 1836; clerk to the Territorial legislature in 1841; elected as Delegate to the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1841- March 3, 1845); upon the admission of Florida as a State into the Union was elected to the United States Senate and served from July 1, 1845, to March 3, 1851; again elected in January 1855 and served from March 4, 1855, until his withdrawal January 21, 1861; president of the Atlantic & Gulf Railroad; served in the Confederate Congress throughout the Civil War; was a prisoner of state at Fort Pulaski in 1865; moved to , D. C., in 1880; died at the Clarendon Hotel, City, October 10, 1886; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D. C. See also A Guide to the David Levy Yulee Papers (http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Yulee.htm).

WESTCOTT, James Diament, Jr. (1845–1849), born in Alexandria, Va., May 10, 1802; moved to , where he received a liberal schooling; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1824; secretary of 1830-1834; United States attorney for the middle district of Florida 1834-1836; served in NO PHOTO the Territorial house of representatives in 1832; delegate to the constitutional convention in 1838 and 1839 AVAILABLE which framed the first constitution of the State; upon the admission of Florida as a State into the Union was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from July 1, 1845, to March 3, 1849; was not a candidate for re-election in 1848; settled in in 1850 and practiced law; moved to Canada in 1862; died in Montreal, Canada, January 19, 1880; interment in City Cemetery, Tallahassee, Fla.

2 MORTON, Jackson (1849–1855) (brother of Jeremiah Morton), born near Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Va., August 10, 1794; graduated from Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Va., in 1814, and from William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va., in 1815; moved to Pensacola, Fla., in 1820 and engaged in the lumber business; member of the Florida Legislative Council in 1836 and 1837; president of the council in 1837; delegate to the constitutional convention of Florida in 1838; Navy agent at Pensacola 1841-1845; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1855; was not a candidate for re-election to the Thirty-fifth Congress; again became engaged in the lumber business; deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States in Montgomery, Ala., in February 1861; Member of the Confederate Congress 1862-1865; died at his country home, “Mortonia,” near Milton, Santa Rosa County, Fla., November 20, 1874; interment in the private cemetery at “Mortonia.”

MALLORY, Stephen Russell (1851–1861), born in Trinidad, West Indies, in 1812; immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in , Fla., in 1820; attended schools in Mobile, Ala., and Nazareth, Pa.; appointed by President Jackson customs inspector at Key West in 1833; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1840; county judge of Monroe County 1837-1845; appointed collector of the port of Key West in 1845; served in the Seminole War; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1851; re-elected in 1857 and served from March 4, 1851, until his withdrawal on January 21, 1861; served as Secretary of the Navy of the Confederacy; at the close of the Civil War went to Lagrange, Troup County, Ga.; moved to Pensacola, Fla., in March 1866; died in Pensacola, Fla., November 9, 1873; interment in St. Michael’s Cemetery.

3 WELCH, Adonijah Strong (1868–1869), born in East Hampton, Conn., April 12, 1821; moved to Michigan in 1839 and settled in Jonesville; graduated from the at Ann Arbor in 1846; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1847; principal of the Jonesville (Mich.) High School 1847-1849; principal of the Michigan State Normal School, Ypsilanti, Mich., 1851-1865; trustee of the Michigan Agricultural College at East Lansing; during the Civil War served as a field officer in the Second Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Cavalry; moved to Pensacola, Fla., in 1865, and later to Jacksonville, where he established a lumber mill and also engaged in orange growing; chairman of the Republican state committee in 1868; upon the re-admission of the State of Florida was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from June 25, 1868, to March 3, 1869; died in Pasadena, Los Angeles County, Calif., March 14, 1889; interment in the Iowa State College Cemetery, Ames, Iowa.

OSBORN, Thomas Ward (1868–1873), born in Scotch Plains, Union County, N. J., March 9, 1836; moved to New York in 1842 with his parents; graduated from Madison (now Colgate) University, Hamilton, N. Y., in 1860; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1861; during the Civil War entered the Union Army in 1861 and became captain of Battery D, First Regiment, New York Light Artillery; attained the rank of colonel in 1865; appointed assistant commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen for Florida in 1865 and 1866; settled in Tallahassee, Fla., and commenced the practice of law; member of the State constitutional convention in 1868 and drew up the constitution which was adopted; moved to Pensacola, Fla.; member of the ; upon the re-admission of Florida was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from June 25, 1868, to March 3, 1873; was not a candidate for re-election; served as United States commissioner at the Centennial Exposition in , Pa., in 1876; died in New York City, December 18, 1898; interment in Hillside Cemetery, North Adams, Berkshire County, Mass.

4 GILBERT, Abijah (1869–1875), born in Gilbertsville, Otsego County, N. Y., June 18, 1806; attended Gilbertsville Academy, and graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in 1822; engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York City 1822-1850; moved to St. Augustine, Fla., in 1865; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1875; retired from business and political life; died in Gilhbertsville, N. Y., November 23, 1881; interment in Brookside Cemetery.

CONOVER, Simon Barclay (1873–1879), born in Middlesex County, N. J., September 23, 1840; attended an academy in Trenton, N. J.; studied medicine at the University of at Philadelphia; during the Civil War was appointed acting assistant surgeon in 1863; served in the Union Army of the Cumberland and was stationed at Nashville, Tenn.; graduated from the medical department of the University of Nashville, , in 1864; assigned to duty at Haddington Hospital in Philadelphia and Woodward Military Hospital, Cincinnati; was again appointed acting assistant surgeon in 1866, being assigned to Lake City, Fla.; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1868; was appointed State treasurer by Gov. Harrison Reed in 1868; member of the Florida House of Representatives in 1873 and served as speaker; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1879; was not a candidate for re-election; unsuccessful Republican candidate for Governor in 1880; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1885; practiced medicine in Port Townsend, Wash., until his death, April 19, 1908; interment in the Masonic Cemetery.

5 JONES, Charles William (1875–1887), born in Balbriggan, Ireland, on December 24, 1834; immigrated to the United States in 1844 with his mother and settled in New York City, where he attended the public schools; moved to in 1848 and later to ; moved thence to Santa Rosa County, Fla., in 1854; worked as a carpenter, and studied law at night; was admitted to the bar in 1857 and commenced practice in Pensacola, Fla.; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at in 1872; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1872; member of the Florida House of Representatives in 1874; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1875; re-elected in 1881 and served from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1887; was not a candidate for re-election; moved to Detroit, Mich., in 1885; died at St. Joseph’s Retreat, Dearborn, Mich., October 11, 1897; interment in St. Michael’s Cemetery, Pensacola, Fla.

CALL, Wilkinson (1879–1891, 1891–1897) (nephew of Richard Keith Call and cousin of James David Walker), born in Russellville, Logan County, Ky., January 9, 1834; attended the common schools; moved to Jacksonville, Fla.; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; served as adjutant general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; elected to the United States Senate on December 29, 1865, but was not permitted to take the seat; Democratic presidential elector on the Greeley and Brown ticket in 1872 and on the Tilden and Hendricks ticket in 1876; member of the Democratic National Executive Committee; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1876; practiced law in Jacksonville; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1879; re-elected in 1885 and 1891; retired, and resided in Washington, D. C., until his death on August 24, 1910; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

6 PASCO, Samuel (1887–1899), born in London, England, June 28, 1834; immigrated with his father to Charlestown, Mass., in 1844; graduated from Harvard University in 1858; moved to Florida in January 1859; entered the Confederate Army as a private in the Third Florida Volunteers in July 1861; wounded and captured at Missionary Ridge, and remained in prison until paroled in March 1865; clerk of the circuit court of Jefferson County 1866-1868; was admitted to the bar in 1868 and commenced practice in Monticello, Fla.; elected a member of the state Democratic committee in 1872 and served as chairman 1876-1878; president of the State constitutional convention in 1885; member of the Florida House of Representatives in 1886 and 1887 and served as speaker in the latter year; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1887; was appointed in 1893 and subsequently elected; again appointed in 1899 and served from May 19, 1887, to April 19, 1899; unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1899; died in Tampa, Fla., March 13, 1917; interment in Roseland Cemetery, Monticello, Fla.

TALIAFERRO, James Piper (1899–1911), born in Orange, Orange County, Va., September 30, 1847; attended the common schools and the William Dinwiddie School in Greenwood, Va.; enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1864 and served until the close of the war; resumed his studies in college; moved to Jacksonville, Fla., in 1866; engaged in the lumber business and other commercial enterprises; also engaged in the building of railroads; president of the First National Bank of Tampa; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1899; appointed and subsequently reelected in 1905 and served from April 20, 1899, to March 3, 1911; was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1910, again resumed his former business and commercial pursuits in Jacksonville, Duval County, Fla., until 1920 when he retired from active business pursuits; died in Jacksonville, Fla., October 6, 1934; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

7 MALLORY, Stephen Russell II (1897–d. 1907) (son of the preceding), born in Columbia, Richland County, S. C., November 2, 1848; entered the Confederate Army in Virginia in the fall of 1864; appointed midshipman in the Confederate Navy in the spring of 1865 and served until the end of the war; graduated from Georgetown College, Washington, D. C., in 1869; served as instructor in Latin and Greek until July 1871; studied law; was admitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1872; moved to Pensacola, Fla., in 1874; member of the Florida House of Representatives in 1876; served in the Florida Senate in 1880 and re-elected in 1884; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1891- March 3, 1895); was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1894; elected to the United States Senate on May 14, 1897, for the term commencing March 4, 1897; appointed in 1903 and subsequently elected for the term commencing March 4, 1903, and served from May 15, 1897, until his death in Pensacola, Fla., December 23, 1907; interment in St. Michael’s Cemetery.

BRYAN, William James (1908–d.1908) (brother of Nathan Philemnon Bryan), born near Fort Mason, Orange (now Lake) County, Fla., October 10, 1876; graduated from Emory College, Oxford, Ga., in 1896 and from the law department of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va., in 1899; was admitted to the bar in 1899 and commenced practice in Jacksonville, Fla.; solicitor of the Duval County Criminal Court of Record 1902-1907; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1904; appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Stephen R. Mallory and served from December 26, 1907, until his death in Washington, D. C., March 22, 1908; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, Jacksonville, Fla.

8 MILTON, William Hall (1908–1909), born near Marianna, Jackson County, Fla., March 2, 1864; attended the public schools of Jackson County, Marianna Academy, and the Agricultural and Mechanical College, Auburn, Ala.; city clerk and treasurer of Marianna 1885-1893; delegate to the Democratic state conventions in 1888, 1892, 1896, and 1900; served in the Florida House of Representatives 1889-1891; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1890; court commissioner 1890-1894; engaged in banking at Marianna 1890- 1918; United States surveyor general of Florida 1894-1897; president of the board of managers of the State reform school at Marianna 1897-1902; mayor of Marianna in 1898 and 1899; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Florida in 1900 and 1912; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate March 27, 1908, to fill the vacancy caused by the deaths of Stephen R. Mallory and William James Bryan and served from March 27, 1908, to March 3, 1909; was not a candidate for reelection in 1908; died in Marianna, Fla., January 4, 1942; interment in St. Luke’s Episcopal Cemetery.

FLETCHER, Duncan Upshaw (1909–d. 1936), born near Americus, Sumter County, Ga., January 6, 1859; moved with his parents to Monroe County in 1860; graduated from , Nashville, Tenn., in 1880; studied law at the same institution; was admitted to the bar in July 1881 and commenced practice in Jacksonville, Fla.; member of the city council in 1887; served in the Florida House of Representatives in 1893; mayor of Jacksonville 1893-1895 and 1901-1903; chairman of the board of public instruction of Duval County 1900-1907; president of the Gulf Coast Inland Waterways Association in 1908; Democrat to the United States Senate for the term commencing March 4, 1909; re-elected in 1914, 1920, 1926, and 1932 and served from March 4, 1909, until his death; appointed 1913 as chairman of the United States commission to investigate and study the promotion of agriculture and the betterment of rural conditions in European countries; U.S. delegate in 1916 to the International High Commission to promote commercial law and more stable financial regulations between and the United States; died in Washington, D. C., on June 17, 1936; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, Jacksonville, Fla.

9 BRYAN, Nathan Philemon (1911–1917) (brother of William James Bryan), born near Fort Mason, Orange (now Lake) County, Fla., April 23, 1872; graduated from Emory College, Oxford, Ga., (now , Atlanta, Ga.) in 1893 and from the law department of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va., in 1895; was admitted to the bar in 1895 and commenced practice in Jacksonville, Fla.; chairman of the board of control of the Florida state institutions of higher education 1905-1909; appointed on February 22, 1911 (the legislature having failed to elect) and subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1911, to March 3, 1917; unsuccessful candidate for re-nomination in 1916; resumed the practice of law; declined the appointment as Governor General of the Philippine Islands by President Wilson in 1917; served as trustee of Emory University; appointed judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals of the Fifth Judicial Circuit in April 1920 and served until his death in Jacksonville, Fla., on August 8, 1935; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

TRAMMELL, Park (1917–d. 1936), born in Macon County, Ala., April 9, 1876; moved in infancy with his parents to Lakeland, Polk County, Florida; studied law at the Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., and graduated from , Lebanon, Tenn., in 1899; was admitted to the bar in 1899 and commenced practice in Lakeland, Fla.; engaged as a fruit grower and for a while owned and edited a newspaper; mayor of Lakeland 1899-1903; served in the Florida House of Representatives in 1902; member of the Florida Senate 1904-1908, serving as president in 1905; attorney general of Florida 1909-1913; Governor of Florida 1913-1917; elected in 1916 as a Democrat to the United States Senate; re-elected in 1922, 1928, and again in 1934, and served from March 4, 1917, until his death in Washington, D. C., May 8, 1936; interment in Roselawn Cemetery, Lakeland, Fla.

10 HILL, William Luther (1936–1936), born in Gainesville, Alachua County, Fla., October 17, 1873; attended private and public schools and the East Florida Seminary at Gainesville, Fla.; engaged in banking and insurance; graduated from the law college of the University of Florida at Gainesville in 1914; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Gainesville, Fla.; secretary to United States Senator Duncan U. Fletcher from May 1917 to June 1936, and also served as clerk to the Senate Committee on Commerce 1917-1921 and to the Senate Committee on Banking and Currency 1933-1936; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Duncan U. Fletcher and served from July 1 to November 3, 1936, when a successor was elected; was not a candidate for election to fill this vacancy; resumed the practice of law until his retirement in 1947; died in Gainesville, Fla., January 5, 1951; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

PEPPER, Claude Denson (1936–1951), born on a farm near Dudleyville, Chambers County, Ala., September 8, 1900; attended the public schools of Camp Hill, Ala.; graduated from the University of at Tuscaloosa in 1921 and from law at Harvard University in 1924; taught law in the University of in 1924 and 1925; was admitted to the bar in 1925 and commenced practice in Perry, Fla.; member of the Florida House of Representatives in 1929 and 1930; moved to Tallahassee, Fla., in 1930; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, and 1960; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Duncan U. Fletcher; re-elected in 1938 and again in 1944 and served from November 4, 1936, to January 3, 1951; unsuccessful candidate for re-nomination in 1950 and for nomination in 1958; elected to the House of Representatives, 1962; chaired the House Select Committee on Aging noted for defense of Social Security and ; awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on May 26, 1989; died in Washington, D.C., on May 30, 1989; lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, June 1-2, 1989; interment in Oakland Cemetery, Tallahassee, Fla.

11 LOFTIN, Scott Marion (1936–1936), born in Montgomery, Montgomery County, Ala., September 14, 1878; moved to Pensacola, Fla., with his parents in 1887; attended the public schools and Washington and Lee University at Lexington, Va.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1899 and commenced practice in Pensacola, Fla.; member of the Florida House of Representatives 1903-1905; prosecuting attorney of Escambia County 1904-1917; moved to Jacksonville, Fla., in 1917; president of the University of Florida Endowment Corporation in 1925; member of the United States Law Review Advisory Board 1925-1935; member of the committee to assist the United States Supreme Court in revision of rules of practice in Federal courts 1935-1953; receiver of Florida East Coast Railway 1931-1941, and general counsel and trustee 1941-1953; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Park Trammell and served from May 26 to November 3, 1936; resumed the practice of law in Jacksonville, Fla., until his death in Highlands, N. C., September 22, 1953; interment in Oaklawn Cemetery, Jacksonville, Fla.

ANDREWS, Charles Oscar (1936–d. 1946), born in Ponce de Leon, Holmes County, Fla., March 7, 1877; attended the public schools and the Military Institute at Bartow, Fla.; graduated from the Florida State Normal School at Gainesville, Fla., in 1901 and the University of Florida in 1907; during the Spanish-American War served as a captain in Company M in the Florida National Guard; captain in the Florida National Guard 1903-1905; secretary of the Florida Senate 1905-1907 and 1909-1911; admitted to the bar in 1907 and commenced practice in De Funiak Springs, Fla.; assistant attorney general of Florida 1912-1919; circuit judge of the seventeenth judicial circuit 1919-1925; member of the Florida House of Representatives in 1927; attorney for Orlando, Fla., 1926-1929; State supreme court commissioner 1929- 1932; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Park Trammell; re-elected in 1940 and served from November 4, 1936, until his death; died in Washington, D. C., on September 18, 1946: interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Orlando, Fla. See also A Guide to the Charles Oscar Andrews Papers (http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Andrews.htm).

12 HOLLAND, Spessard Lindsey (1946–1971), born in Bartow, Polk County, Fla., July 10, 1892; graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) near Atlanta, Ga., in 1912 and from the University of Florida College of Law in 1916; was admitted to the bar in 1916 and commenced practice in Bartow, Fla.; during the First World War served in the Coast Artillery Corps, , all grades through captain and as aerial observer, Twenty-fourth Squadron, Army Air Corps, in France from March 1918 to January 1919; awarded the Distinguished Service Cross; prosecuting attorney of Polk County, Fla., in 1919 and 1920; member of the Florida Senate 1932-1940; Governor of Florida 1941-1945; trustee of Southern College 1932-1935; trustee of Emory University 1943-1946; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate on September 25, 1946, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles O. Andrews for the term ending January 3, 1947; elected in 1946, 1952, and was re-elected to office through a term finishing January 3, 1971; sponsor of the twenty-fourth amendment to the Constitution outlawing the in federal elections; retired and resided in Bartow, Fla., where he died November 6, 1971; interment in Wildwood Cemetery. See also A Guide to the Spessard L. Holland Papers (http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Holland.htm).

SMATHERS, George Armistead (1951–1969), born in Atlantic City, N. J., November 14, 1913; moved to , Fla., in 1919; attended the public schools of Dade County, Fla.; graduated from the University of Florida in 1936 and from its law school in 1938; was admitted to the bar in 1938 and commenced practice in Miami, Fla.; assistant United States district attorney 1940-1942; during World War II served in the United States Marine Corps from May 1942 until discharged as a major in October 1945; elected as a Democrat to the Eightieth and Eighty-first Congresses (January 3, 1947-January 3, 1951); elected to the United States Senate in 1950 in a historic race against the incumbent, Claude Pepper; re-elected in 1956 and again in 1962; was not a candidate for re-election in 1968; recognized for his involvement with Latin American issues; one of the first to raise alarms about ’s government and ’s ties to the . Upon retirement he resumed the practice of law; was a resident of Washington, D.C., and Indian Creek Village, Fla., until his death on January 20, 2007; interment at Arlington National Cemetery. See also A Guide to the George A. Smathers Papers (http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Smathers.htm).

13 GURNEY, Edward John (1969–1974), born in Portland, Cumberland County, , , 1914; graduated from Colby College, Waterville, Maine 1935; received law degrees from the 1938 and from Duke Law School, Durham, N.C., 1948; admitted to the New York bar in 1939; practiced law in New York City 1938-1941; during the Second World War enlisted as a private in the United States Army in 1941, saw action in the European Theater, and was discharged as a lieutenant colonel in 1946; mayor of Winter Park, Fla, 1961-1962; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-eighth Congress; re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses; elected in 1968 to the United States Senate, and served until his resignation December 31, 1974; resident of Winter Park, Fla., until his death on May 14, 1996.

CHILES, Lawton Mainer, Jr. (1971–1989), born in Lakeland, Florida, on April 3, 1930; attended public schools in Lakeland and received his bachelor’s and law degrees from the University of Florida in 1952 and 1955; member of and Hall of Fame at UF; elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1958 and the Florida Senate in 1968; elected to the United States Senate in 1970; known as “Walkin’ Lawton” for memorable campaign walk through Florida, from the panhandle town of Century, on the Alabama border, to Key West, a distance of 1003 miles; served in Senate to 1988; expanded the Big Cypress National Preserve; ended mining in the National Forest; elected governor of Florida in 1990, re-elected in 1994; died in office on December 12, 1999. See also: A Guide to the Lawton Chiles Senate Collection (http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chiles.htm).

14 STONE, Richard Bernard (1975–1980), born in New York City, September 22, 1928; graduated from Harvard University 1949 and from Law School 1954; admitted to the Florida bar in 1955; city attorney of Miami 1966; member, Florida State Senate 1967-1970; Florida Secretary of State 1970-1974; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1974; subsequently appointed by the Governor, January 1, 1975, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of ; served until December 31, 1980; U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Denmark 1992-1993; Ambassador at Large and Special Envoy to Central America 1983-1984; attorney and banker; is a resident of Washington, D.C.

HAWKINS, Paula Fickes (1981–1987), born in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah, January 24, 1927; attended Utah State University 1944-1947; member, Florida Public Service Commission 1972-1979; vice president, Air Florida 1979-1980; director, Rural Telephone Bank Board 1972-1978; member, President’s Commission on Fellowships 1975; served on Federal Energy Administration Consumer Affairs/Special Impact Advisory Committee 1974-1976; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1980; subsequently appointed January 1, 1981, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Richard B. Stone and served to January 3, 1987; died on December 4, 2009; interment in Palm Cemetery, Winter Park, Fla.

15 GRAHAM, Daniel Robert (Bob) (1987–2005), born in Coral Gables, Fla., November 9, 1936; graduated from University of Florida, 1959; graduated from Harvard Law School 1962; admitted to the Florida bar in 1962; elected to the Florida House of Representatives 1966; member, Florida Senate 1970 to 1978; governor of Florida 1979 to 1986; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1986; re-elected in 1992 and 1998 serving to January 3, 2005; helped secure approval for a 108,000 acre expansion to the National Park; fought against oil drilling off the Florida coastline; served 10 years on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and chaired it from 2001 to 2003; sought Democratic nomination for president in 2004; the Graham Center for Public Service was dedicated in 2008 with the mission to increase awareness of civic culture and engagement. See also A Guide to the D. Robert “Bob” Graham Political Papers (http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/graham.htm).

MACK, Connie, III (1989–2001), born Cornelius McGillicuddy, III, in Philadelphia, Pa., October 29, 1940; graduated from University of Florida, 1966; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-eighth and two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1983-January 3, 1989); won election to the United States Senate in 1988, the seat formerly held by Lawton Chiles; re-elected in 1994; first Republican Senator in Florida history to be elected to a second term; retired from Senate 2000; appointed 2005 by President George W. Bush to chair the President’s Advisory Panel for Federal Tax Reform; advocate for cancer research, early detection, and treatment; served as vice-chairman of the American Cancer Society Foundation; received the American Cancer Society’s Courage Award (1992) and the National Coalition for Cancer Research’s Lifetime Achievement Award (1999). See also A Guide to the Connie Mack III Papers (http://www.library.ufl. edu/spec/pkyonge/mack.htm)

16 NELSON, Clarence William (Bill) (2001–2019), born in Miami, Dade County, Fla., September 29, 1942; attended University of Florida; graduated from 1965; graduated from School of Law, 1968, J.D.; admitted to the Florida bar in 1968 and commenced practice in Melbourne in 1970; served in United States Army Reserve 1965-1971; United States Army, active duty, 1968-1970, achieving rank of captain; elected to Florida House of Representatives in 1972 and re-elected in 1974 and 1976; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-sixth and to five succeeding Congresses; crewmember on the Columbia, January 12-18, 1986; elected to the United States Senate in 2000; re-elected in 2006 and 2012, and served from January 3, 2001, to January 3, 2019; ran but not re-elected in 2018; member of the Senate Armed Forces Committee; backed the NASA authorization act of 2010 as chairman of the space subcommittee; supported Everglades restoration, moratorium on off-shore oil drilling, and compensation from British Petroleum (BP) for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster.

MARTINEZ, Melquaides R. (Mel) (2005–2009), born in Sagua La Grande, Cuba, on October 23, 1946; immigrated to the United States in 1962; lived with foster families until reunited with his family in Orlando, Fla., in 1966; graduated from , 1973; practiced law in Orlando, Fla., for twenty-five years; secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development 2001-2005; elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2004 and served until his resignation on September 9, 2009.

17 LeMIEUX, George S. (2009–2011), born in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May 21, 1969; attended public schools in Coral Springs, Fla.; graduated from Emory University, 1991; graduated from Georgetown University, 1994, J.D.; practiced law; chief of staff to Florida Governor 2007; appointed on September 9, 2009, to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Melquiades R. Martinez; did not seek election.

RUBIO, Marco (2011–), born in Miami, Fla., May 28, 1971; graduated from University of Florida, 1993; graduated from , 1996, J.D.; West Miami City Commission 1998-2000; member of the Florida House of Representatives 2000-2008; majority leader 2003-2006; speaker 2006-2008; author and compiler of 100 Innovative Ideas For Florida’s Future (2006); elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 2010; re-elected in 2016 for the term ending January 3, 2023; member of bi-partisan group of U.S. Senators for the Border Security, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013; chair, Committee on Small Business; member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; member, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations; member, Senate Committee on Appropriations; sought nomination for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.

18 SCOTT, Richard Lynn (Rick) (2019–), born in Bloomington, Ill., December 1, 1952; graduated North Kansas City High School, Kansas City, Mo., 1970; B.A., business administration, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1975; J.D., Southern Methodist University, 1978; served in the 1971-1974; admitted to the bar in 1978 and commenced practice in Dallas, Tex.; co-owner of Texas Rangers baseball team; venture capitalist and founder of health care, investment, and other companies; chief executive officer; governor of Florida 2011-2018; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 2018 for the term ending January 3, 2025.

Sources: Biographies are adapted from those appearing in the Biographical Directory of the American Congress 1774-1961 (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1961) and theBiographical Dictionary of the (http://bioguide.congress.gov/).

19 Political Papers Collections at the University of Florida

The George A. Smathers Libraries possess one of the largest political papers collections in the United States. Holdings include the senatorial papers of 8 U.S. Senators from Florida (the most recent being that of Senator Bill Nelson), the papers of 9 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, additional papers related to members of Congress, and 51 collections related to governors, the state legislature, and political organizations in Florida. Our political papers rank in the top five among repositories in the nation.

For more information about political papers from Florida, including those held at the University of Florida, see: http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/political/senatorbydate.htm.

Senatorial Papers in the George A. Smathers Libraries University of Florida Graduates Yulee http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Yulee.htm Hill, William Luther Andrews http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Andrews.htm Andrews, Charles Oscar Holland http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Holland.htm Holland, Spessard Lindsey Smathers http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/Smathers.htm Smathers, George Armistead Chiles http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chiles.htm Chiles, Lawton Mainer, Jr. Graham http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/graham.htm Graham, Daniel Robert (Bob) Mack http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/mack.htm Mack, Connie, III Nelson Papers currently being processed Rubio, Marco

20 Bipartisan Cooperation in the United States Senate featuring

SENATOR MARCO RUBIO & FORMER SENATOR BILL NELSON

July 2, 2019 | Smathers Library | University of Florida

21 The Smathers Libraries are pleased to partner with former Senator Bill Nelson on this inaugural public forum of the Bill Nelson Initiative on Ethics and Leadership at the University of Florida.

Recognizing his personal and professional contributions to Florida and his country, an endowed fund has been established at the University of Florida to honor former Senator Nelson and to support his initiative focused on ethics and leadership.

The Bill Nelson Initiative on Ethics and Leadership will include a regular, ongoing series of speakers and seminars; classes for UF undergraduate and graduate students; and a fellowship program for UF graduate students interested in more in-depth examination of these topics.

The endowment will also foster research and scholarship through the use of Senator Nelson’s personal and professional papers and related materials that are on deposit at the George A. Smathers Libraries.

We look forward to the series of public forums that will follow. If you are interested in assisting with the initiative, please contact me at [email protected].

Judith C. Russell (Judy) Dean of University Libraries University of Florida

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George A. Smathers Libraries