Risk Management

1 1.0 General

The word ‘disaster’ is synonymous with ‘emergency’ as defined by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). An emergency occurring in the park area is one that may affect several sections within it and / or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive damage to environment or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the best use of internal resources and outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen usually as the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated by the intervention of an outside force such as a cyclone, flood etc. Rubber Park Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to set up an industrial park for rubber based industries at Piravanthoor, .The detailed disaster management plan for proposed park is explained in the following section.

2.0 Scope of the Plan

The Disaster Management Plan of the company is divided into two parts:

Onsite Emergency Plan: In this plan, the company officers are given pre-designated responsibilities for dealing with the emergency.

Offsite Emergency Plan: In this, different Govt. agencies will be innformed about the emergency for necessary help from them.

3.0 Main Hazards of the Plant

Major hazards expected with the proposed plant are described in suceeding section

3.1 Cyclones

96.6% of falls under Moderate Damage Risk Zone- B, as per Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) Vulnerability Atlas, with probable wind speeds between 140 km/ hour to 158 km/hour and 3 to 4.2 m high storm surges. also falls under Moderate Damage Risk Zone B.

3.2 Lightning

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Lightning has become a major cause of concern as far as loss of life and property is concerned. In addition to casualty to people, incidence of damage to property, mortality to cattle etc is numerous. Most of the damage to property goes unreported. The number of lightning strikes to overhead cable networks like power, telephone, television cable and the like are higher because of the larger probability of incidences to such networks spread over a wise area. Lightning often affects the communication system. Agricultural loss due to loss of trees are also reported. Most lightning deaths and injuries occur when people are caught outdoors in the months of April- May and October – November, during the afternoon and in the evenings.As per the Kollam district Disaster Mangemnet Plan the propesd area is demarcated as moderatly risk area in concern with the lighting hazard.

3.3 Earth quake

As per the latest seismic zoning map of India, the country is divided into four seismic zones- Zone V (very high risk zone), Zone IV (High risk zone), Zone III (moderate risk zone), and Zone II (Low risk zone). About 60% of the land area is prone to moderate or higher seismic risk. Most parts (95.5%) of the state of Kerala fall under Zone III. Kollam district alo fall in Zone III.

3.4 Land slide/ Mud flow/ Debris flow

Landslides are slippery masses of rock,earth and debris which move by force or by their own weight down mountain slopes or river banks. Since the proposed area is having a slopy profile , there is a risk of land slide if propoer slope stabilization measures are not applied.

3.5 Fire

It is an unavoidable accidental hazard that have the chance to occur any time and any day as per the building condition and environmental condition

4.0 Management of Disaster

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Disaster Management is defined as ‘the body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities whichpertain to various stages (pre-disaster, disaster occurrence & post-disaster) of disaster at all levels’. It covers the entire range of activities designed to maintain control over disasters / emergency situations and to provide a frame work for helping people to avoid, reduce the effects of or recover from the impact of a disaster.

The disasiter mangement plan is prepared insuch a way that ecah industrial unit should establishteh requirements I fteh disaster mangemnet plan under their scope. As and when required they can seek the help of Rubber Park and they will inform o pollice or to district disaster mangement authority as per the requiremnet.The disasiter management plan for the proposed Rubber Park is prepared so as to cover all three stages of disaster such as ;

• Pre Disaster phase - prevention, mitigation and preparedness. • Disaster response phase / during disaster. • Post Disaster phase – recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction). 4.1 Pre-Disaster Phase (Phase of Planning)

The pre-disaster phase includes prevention, mitigation and preparedness activities and all these activities together form ‘Disaster Risk Management’.

Prevention: - Measures aimed at eliminating the occurrence of a disaster event and/or reducing the severity of a disaster.

Mitigation: - Long term measures taken in advance which decrease or lessen the impact of a disaster on society and environment by improving a community’s ability to absorb the impact with minimum damage or disruptive effect.

Preparedness: - Measures which enable the government, communities and individuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situations and ensure that communities and services are capable of coping with the effect of disasters

Pre-Disaster Phase stage consists of the following particulars

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4.1.1. Constitution of a Disaster/ Emergency Management Cell (EMC)

Each industrial unit will constitute their own Emergency Management Cell (EMC) before the operation phase of the project. The Committee would co-opt any other functionary of the park depending upon the situation and the type of disaster. It would also form sub-committee/s to assist it as and when necessary. The Committee will meet at least once in 3 months to review the working of contingency plan, problem faced in recent disaster and amendment modification to be adopted in future. The Committee will be responsible for overall managing the disaster situation, take administrative decisions as and when required, review the disaster plan and to inform the Government on the situation.

The Emergency Management Cell (EMC) will consist of three componets as Rescue Operation Team, Fire Fighting Team and Combat Team of technical personnel take charges of operation.The structre of Emergency Management Cell (EMC) is as follows.

Main controller

Site Incident Controller

Combat Team (4 Rescue Team (4 Auxilary Team members) members) (4 member )

Fig 1: Structure of Emergency Management Cell (EMC)

Duites of each conponets of Emergency Management Cell (EMC) are described below

Main Controller (MC)

• On getting information about emergency, rush to emergency site, get details from Site Incident Controller (SIC) and then proceed to the Emergency Control Room (ECR). After reaching Emergency Control Room (ECR), declares emergency, if the situation is so. Accordingly, he directs the security Gate/ RTL to blow siren for onset of emergency.

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• Advise Auxiliary Team Leader (ATL) to arrange for external communication with Mutual Aid Partners, Local Administration and Statutory Authorities. • Maintain continuous communication with Site Incident Controller (SIC) to review the situation and assess possible course of events. • Advise Auxiliary Team Leader (ATL) to communicate the relatives of the causalities and Chief of Personnel to communicate to statutory authorities. • After normalcy is ensured, advise to Rescue Team Leader (RTL) to blow all clear sirens. • Arrange for chronological recording of emergency operations and get in touch with outside experts if there is a need.

Site Incident Controller (SIC)

• On getting information about the incident proceed to site and inform the Main Controller (MC). • Assess the situation and appraise the Main Controller (MC) about the situation for declaration of emergency. • Activate emergency procedure, call Rescue Team Leader (RTL) and Auxiliary Team Leader (ATL) direct them for execution of their jobs through their respective teams. • To decide the safe route to be followed by fire fighter and ambulance service (if required) within the factory to reach the site of emergency. • Instruct the Rescue Team Leader (RTL) to arrange for evacuation of non-essential persons to the Assembly Point. • Utilize combat team and rescue team in carrying out their function. Keep in touch with different teams, advice and guide them. Arrange for additional help through Main Controller (MC) and Auxiliary Team Leader (ATL) • Keep Main Controller (MC) informed periodically about the progress made.

Auxiliary Team Leader (ATL)

• On receiving information from MC/ SIC/ CTL rush to the Emergency Control Room (ECR) • When advised by Main Control (MC), inform the required mutual aid partners to reach the site with their facilities immediately. If necessary, arrange their conveyance and coordinate so that they reach the site through safe route. • Inform the relatives of the causalities. Arrange vehicles to send the causalities to their residence. • Keep record of the actions taken at site chronologically for future reference by Main Controller (MC). • Organize counting of personnel at Assembly Point.

Combat Team Leader (CTL)

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• On receiving the information, intimate the Site Incident Controller (SIC) and rush to the emergency site. • Quickly assess the situation and utilize the persons on duty who are trained in firefighting, arrest gas leakage and first aid to combat the situation. • Assess the possible course of action in consultation with Site Incident Controller (SIC) including evacuation of plant personnel (if required) from the premises to the Assembly Point. • Control emergency by arresting leakages, spillage, fighting fire, shutting off the valves and / or equipment (in consultation with SIC) etc. by utilizing the combat team. • Attend all repair jobs, which are needed for emergency control operations. • Install additional pumps/ blowers or other equipments for decanting, evacuating and draining as needed. • Guide the firefighting and medical teams to control fire, arrest gas leakage and provide medical treatment to the causalities. • Assist the Site Incident Controller (SIC) for deciding the safe route within the factory to be followed by the mutual aid partners (fire brigade and ambulance service). • Arrange to evacuate non-essential persons to the assembly point with counting if required. • Take measures to preserve all plants and equipments and minimize damage to plant and environment and loss of material by segregation, covering, salvaging and diverting fire as required. • Assist the Site Incident Controller (SIC) till the all clear siren is blown. • To start up the unit after emergency ceases, as directed by Site Incident Controller (SIC)

Rescue Team Leader (RTL)

• On receiving information from CTL/ SIC/ MC arrange the firefighting group with their amenities and the medical team with first aid medicines. • Rush to the emergency site and assess the situation quickly. • Utilize the firefighting team to fight the fire/ arrest the gas leakage. • Evacuate people from the site to the Assembly Point. • Engage the medical team to provide medical treatment to causalities and arrange to shift the serious causalities (if any) to the dispensary or any other special hospital by ambulance as advised by the doctor. 20 • Guide the mutual aid partners (fire brigade and medical) for their course of action at the site. • To guide the non-essential persons to reach assembly point and search for missing persons if any on the basis of the Roll Call taken. • Be present at the site and assist the Site Incident Controller (SIC) till all clear siren is sounded.

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4.1.2. Establishment of Emergency Control Room (ECR)

An Emergency Control Room from which the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated will be established by each industrial unit as part of the project. It will be attended by the Emergency Response Coordinator or Incident Controller or Site Main Controller, Key Personnel and Senior Officers of the Fire Brigade, Police, , District Authorities , Emergency Services and Medical Personnel, etc.

The Control Room should be sited at minimum risk area and area close to road to allow for ready access by a radio-equipped vehicle for use, if other system fail or extra communications facilities are required. The Emergency Control Centre should consist of;

• Adequate number of external telephones, • Internal telephones • Radio equipment, hot lines, walkie-talkie, mobiles, etc. • Plans of the entire park to show areas of;

o Large inventories of hazardous materials, including chemical storage tanks, compressed gas cylinders etc.

o Location of safety equipment including fire, explosion, spill and gas control kits.

o Location of firefighting installations. o The fire water system and additional source of water, site entrances and road system.

o Assembly points, shelters, refuge areas, lunch rooms and canteens. 4.1.3. Training for the inhabitants

Training programme for the inhabitant during each expected disaster will be arranged by Emergency Managemnet Cell (EMC). The awareness regarding eth disaster will be 10 times more effective than the any other mitigation measures

4.1.4. Building design precaution.

The impacts of natural hazards and the costs of the disasters they cause will be reduced by adapting mitigation measures during new construction.A variety of

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techniques are available to mitigate the effects of natural hazards on the built environment. Depending on the hazards identified, the location and construction type of a proposed building or facility, and the specific performance requirements for the building, the structure can be designed to resist hazard effects such as induced loads.

Structural components like shear walls, braced frames, moment resisting frames, and diaphragms, base isolation, energy dissipating devices such as visco-elastic dampers, elastomeric dampers, and hysteretic-loop dampers, and bracing of non-structural components are recomanded for each buildings within the park in tune with seismic resistant criteria.

A well planned circulation system and assembling point within the plot is detailed by Rubber Park for the easy evacuation of the inhabitants during the disaster . Emergency exit at necessary points should be incorporated in the building design. The common evacuvation plan will be displayed in the park aslo the evacuation plan for each indiual industries should be displed within their compound.

A common assembling point with in the plot will be clearly marked and declared in order to easy the evacuation process of the inhabitants at the time of hazard. A temporary short and unobstructed entry and exit provision for the Ambulance during the emergency will be provided in the proposed plot

A well planned drainage plan will be executed by Rubber Park within the plot in order to resist the flooding in the area

4.1.5 Provision for circuit breaker

Circuit breaker is recommanded as part of the emergency managemnet in each buildings. Circuit breaker always trip the circuit but open contacts of breaker cannot be visible physically from outside of the breaker and that is why it is recommended not to touch any electrical circuit just by switching off the circuit breaker. So for better safety there must be some arrangement so that one can see open condition of the section of the circuit before touching it. Isolator is a mechanical switch which isolates

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a part of circuit from system as when required. Electrical isolators separate a part of the system from rest for safe maintenance works

4.1.6 Provision for Fire hazard resistant system

Every industry occupy within the Park should have a fire hazard resistant system in line with KMBR norms.

4.1.7 Provision of Assembly Points

Rubber park will demarcate pre-designated areas where the personnel like workers, staff, contractor workers etc. not involved in emergency operations (as per Emergency Preparedness Plan) shall assemble in case of an emergency is demarckated in the master plan. Depending on the location of the emergency, the assembly point can vary. During emergency, predesignated persons would take charge of this point and take the roll call of the people reporting.

4.1.8 Conduction of Mock Drills

Mock drills activating the Emergency Preparedness Plan will be conducted periodically for ensuring its efficiency during emergency as well as for refinement and updating. The mock drill for an on-site emergency plan will carried out once in six months under scope of indivual industries.

4.1.9 Provision for maintaining inventory of Raw materials and Chemicals

All the units registered with the Rubber Park will be instructed to maintain an inventory of raw materials and chemicals used by them and also the Material Safety Data Sheets for the hazardous substances handled by them. And these informations will be shared with the Emergency Management Cell.

4.2 Disaster response phase / during disaster.

During a disaster onsite disaster mangemnet plan will be executed through the Emergency Mangemnet Cell (EMC).Each componets of Emergency Management Cell (EMC) will get alret during the disaster and disater will be manged in line with the duties allocated to each person in Emergency Management Cell (EMC)

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During a disaster the workers or officials of a plant will shifted to a safe zone. It creates panic in the campus which results a very difficult situation for all. The rescue team creates confidence in them and shift them to a safe zone withinin the park or outside the campus. They will contact with the medical team if required and avail the help of district administration. The affected persons will be hospitalised and wounded will be taken for first-aid treatment. Prevention is the best measure during the occurrence. All the team of rescue operation will try to prevent fire or leakage of gas. If adequate devices are not available Emergency Management Cell (EMC) will contact with state monitoring committee of manufacture. They shall put fourth the requirement before the committee for quick supply. On receiving demands the state monitoring committee shall contact with the plants having such devices and shall order to mobilise them to the emergency location. All such devices are listed plant- wise and kept with state monitoring committee. So it becomes easier to mobilise the devices to the affected spot. The rescue team is to see the safety of plant structure in unavoidable situation. They shall intimate technical committee of the plant to rush to the spot for taking necessary preventive step for the structure.

After rescue of human resources the rescue team concentrates on the safety of productions of plant as well as the machinery. They inform to technical committee of plant for safeguarding of machines and their products. If machines are safe then plant is safe and very soon normalcy can prevail. If it is out of order then it will take longer period to acquire new machinery and start the plant again. So the rescue team of operation shall concentrate on shifting of machinery if possible and also the products. When such an operation is going on people will not be allowed to go to the affected spot. Outsiders will also be prohibited, except the supporting team of other industries coming to help the rescue team for operation. The above mentioned measures will be taken only in case of any event of disaster occur in the plant. The offside operation relates to the affected locality only. It is mainly shifting of families to a safe shelter with sufficient food stock. This will be done prior to the disaster after getting information regarding it.

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The easy evacation Plan for entire rubber park is shown in Conceptual plan DWG 05 and same will be displayed in the park at prominent points .

4.3 Post Disaster phase

After disaster, the emergency period will be declared within the plot .The emergency period depends on the extent of disaster and the rehabilitation time requirement .The activities within the buildings will be restarted after the withdrawal of the emergency notification.

5.0 Off-Site Emergency Plan

Offsite Emergency plan is an intergral part of Disaster Management Plan. It will be carried out for incidents which could affect people and the environment outside the works as well. The off-site plan follows logically from the analysis to provide the basis for the on-site plan and the two plans will therefore complement each other It will, be done as per the District Disaster Management Plan in accordance with the District Emergency Operations Centre. The off-site emergency plan will ensure;

• Awareness to people living in the vicinity • Mock drills • Communication with District Emergency Operations Centre and other authorities • Transportation for victims • Medical facilities • Coordination with local bodies and concerned departments • Evacuation of victims • Mutual aid scheme • Post Emergency Relief To The Victims

12 PLOT No. - 13 79.075 cents (+150 lvl)

Overhead reservoir for low level zone Capacity =4 lakh litres 9.0M WIDE ROAD

Inaccessible ( Not to be leveled )

PLOT No. - 12 69.183 cents PLOT BOUNDARY (+150 lvl)

6.5M WIDE ROAD COMMON ASSEMBLING AREA-III(14) PLOT No. - 11 49.115 cents 128.014 cents (+148 lvl)

PLOT No. - 10 72.110 cents (+137 lvl) 6.5M WIDEROAD PLOT No. - 16 53.101 cents (+112 lvl) 6.5M WIDE ROAD

6.5M WIDEROAD A. RECREATION(28) PLOT No. - 9 PLOT No. - 17 6.358 cents 65.131 cents 82.718 cents (+112 lvl) (+134 lvl) (+134 lvl) PLOT No. - 18 CHAPPATH FLOW BOTTOM LEVEL 57.684 cents (+112 lvl)

PLOT No. - 19 93.512 cents (+127 lvl)

CANTEEN(27) PLOT No. - 20 20.449 cents 47.098 cents PLOT No. - 8 (+107 lvl) 85.863 cents (+105 lvl) B. RECREATION(26) (+130 lvl) 8.513 cents (+104 lvl)

PLOT No. - 21 75.587 cents PLOT No. - 7 (+123 lvl) 80.169 cents PROPOSED ROAD (+131 lvl) PLOT No. - 22 C. RECREATION 74.438 cents 17.945 cents(25) (+110 lvl) (+104 lvl)

PLOT No. - 6 (+121.50 lvl) 99.773 cents (+125 lvl) PLOT No. - 23 Ramp Slope - 1 in 8 192.669 cents PLOT No. 24 (+107.00 lvl) 77.036 cents (+106 lvl)

(+112.50 lvl)

Ramp Slope - 1 in 8

water tank 70,000 lts.

Ramp Slope - 1 in 8

COMMON PLOT No. - 5 ASSEMBLING 431.623 cents AREA-i (+115 lvl) PLOT No. - 4 570.869 cents PLOT NO. 1 (+115 lvl) 98.187 cents (+110 lvl)

12.0M WIDEROAD

PLOT No. - 2 RIVER AJIT PLOT No. - 3 101.047 cents ASSOCIATES 137.628 cents (+110 lvl) ARCHITECTURAL CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD. (+113 lvl) ENTRY TO PHASE 1

KALLADA RIVER

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