DOCSLIB.ORG

Maximising Student Exposure to Unix Networking Using Freebsd Virtual Hosts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maximising Student Exposure to Unix Networking Using Freebsd Virtual Hosts Maximising Student Exposure to Unix Networking using FreeBSD Virtual Hosts Grenville J. Armitage Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures. Technical Report 030320A Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Abstract- A Remote Unix Lab Environment (RULE) is being additional cost (in time and salary) of re- developed at Swinburne University of Technology, allowing imaging/rebooting machines between Windows and a students access to networked unix hosts for their coursework unix system just for our IP networking classes. Building and research projects. This paper describes our first generation a dedicated unix lab (machines, desk space, seating) was solution using FreeBSD's “jail” functionality to emulate many considered an expensive last-resort. FreeBSD hosts on a small handful of physical machines in a Our solution is the Remote Unix Lab Environment rack. Our primary constraint is to minimise the incremental (RULE). RULE provides multiple networked unix hosts, infrastructure cost. The student front-end to the unix hosts will but does not require additional dedicated unix lab space. leverage pre-existing Windows-based PC labs scattered around The existing campus PC labs are used as terminals campus and inter-connected by a 100Mbit/sec IP network. The through which students access their assigned RULE FreeBSD hosts themselves are mini-ITX motherboards on a hosts. Because access is via the campus IP network, rack in a small room or closet, minimising their impact on students can also engage in project work from home or scarce University lab space. This paper will describe our from their laptops via our campus 802.11 network. requirements, trade-offs, available tools, and how specific RULE itself is housed in a regular 19 inch rack and FreeBSD features are being utilized to create multiple virtual tucked away in a corner of a small room, meeting our hosts on each physical machine. Our current implementation is goal of minimal additional infrastructure cost (Figure 1). based on FreeBSD 4.7. Keywords- Teaching, IP, Networking, FreeBSD, Unix, Virtual Hosts, Students I. INTRODUCTION Towards the end of 2002 our Telecommunications and Networking group faced the challenge of providing Windows dial-up users, more hands-on IP networking experience for our PC Labs other OSes students while working within the confines of a pre- existing, strongly Windows-centric environment. We already had special labs established for components of CCNA, CCNP, and MCSE certifications (a substantial Figure 1 Remote Unix Lab Environment accessible from investment in Cisco equipment and Microsoft Windows- Windows machines around the campus network based PC labs). Unfortunately this provided our students The most interesting and critical part of RULE is our with a fairly specific experience in IP networking and IP use of FreeBSD [3]. It is a robust, well-support and client/server environments. freely available implentation of unix (making it quite attractive from a recurring costs perspective). Most We also wanted our students to get their 'hands dirty' importantly, FreeBSD has kernel support, through the installing and using free, unix-based server, client, and “jail” functionality, for instantiating multiple virtual middlebox applications. For example, we wanted to unix hosts on a single PC motherboard. This multiples expose them to open-source web servers like Apache the number of students we can support with a limited set [1], alternative Windows file server such as Samba [2], of physical hardware (or conversely, FreeBSD allows us DNS servers such as named, web crawlers/indexers, web to keep RULE small and hidden in the corner of a proxies,... the list goes on. Not only would our students room). Our first generation of RULE is based on learn how to use these applications, they would be able FreeBSD 4.7 (the version current in late 2002). to modify and rebuild the applications they were learning about. The rest of this paper describes the technological tradeoffs and solutions we are pursuing to implement In common with many small universities we work our vision for RULE. with less-than-ideal facilities and funding constraints. Our existing PC labs run Microsoft's Windows operating II.THE REMOTE UNIX LAB ENVIRONMENT system, and are frequently booked solid for classes run by a variety of departments. Our plan was to avoid the RULE needs to simultaneously meet the following goals: CAIA Technical Report 030320A March 2003 [email protected] page 1 of 6 Provide students with self-directed access to open- OpenSSH consortium [4] has pointers to free and source internet applications (e.g. clients, servers, commercial implementations, including those for and/or proxies) that they can compile, install, trial, Microsoft Windows. PuTTY [5] is our preferred and modify/recompile with minial supervision. Windows SSH client, because it works well and the Allows students to access RULE from anywhere on licensing conditions allow free use in our sort of the campus intranet. environment. We also use Pscp, a companion to PuTTY, for secure file transfers between hosts using ssh. PuTTY Protect the rest of the university from student requires minimal changes to the default software context activities inside the RULE. of our Windows-based campus PC labs, and is easily Utilize off-the-shelf components and free software installed by students who choose to use our campus and minimise reliance on closed, commercial 802.11b network from their personal laptops. solutions. Ssh provides a security wrinkle known as 'port We chose an open-source unix platform so users can forwarding'. An ssh login from desktop or laptop to a build, run, modify, and rebuild many popular and useful RULE host can also be configured to provide one or networked applications without necessarily needing more TCP-over-ssh tunnels from the RULE host to the 'administrator' rights and/or commercial compilers and rest of the campus network. Whether or not this is debuggers. A Microsoft Windows environment does not tolerable depends on ones goals. For now we impose on meet this goal. Any of the Linux distributions, FreeBSD, students the requirement of responsible use - port OpenBSD, or NetBSD would be suitable. We've chosen forwarding is a conscious act, and they will be traced if FreeBSD for two reasons. First, FreeBSD's clean things go hay-wire. Port forwarding is also extermely 'packages' and 'ports' mechanisms (for installing useful for supporting X11 clients running on jail hosts. applications in pre-compiled and compiled-as-needed If the student runs an X11 server on their desktop or forms) provides students with a number of ways to laptop, they can use ssh to automatically tunnel X11 experiment with hundreds of common networked- sessions out from their RULE host to their local X11 applications. Second, FreeBSD's facilities for creating server/display. virtual hosts. (As a small bonus, many application Given our limited budget, it is also important to build binaries compiled under Linux also run directly under RULE out of common yet small components. We cannot FreeBSD, and most such applications can be recompiled afford to be 'bleeding edge' in our choice of hardware. under FreeBSD if needed.) Although RULE begins with a homogenous collection of hardware, over time the initial motherboards will Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 become unavailable and incremental repairs will result in a heterogenous collection of hardware. FreeBSD runs on a range of x86-based hardware, from old 486-based Campus RULE machines up to the latest Pentium 4s, ensuring that LAN LAN RULE will survive motherboard upgrades and changes. We have built the first version of RULE around VIA Firewall Host 5 Host 4 Technologies' EDEN embedded system processor (ESP) series, specifically the ESP 5000 released in 2002 [6]. The RULE firewall protects the outside This low-power motherboard comes in a mini-ITX form network from RULE hosts factor (170mm x 170mm), has an embedded fanless Figure 2 RULE hosts are clustered behind a firewall to 500MHz Celeron-equivalent processor, can support up protect the outside world to 1GB of PC133 SDRAM, onboard 10/100 Mbit/sec Not surprisingly, RULE security is about protecting ethernet interface, onboard COM, PS/2, USB, Printer, the campus network from RULE, rather than the other VGA, and sound ports, two ATA100/66 IDE sockets, way around (Figure 2). The RULE firewall (another and takes standard ATX power. They are also quite FreeBSD machine) allows external clients to initiate cheap (around $200AUD at the end of 2002). Adding a contact with applications (servers) inside RULE but not power supply, RAM, and hard-drive was enough for a the other way around. For example, a student might running system. A CDROM drive is temporarily deploy an Apache web server inside RULE and access attached to the second IDE port when installing it from their desktop or laptop. For special projects the FreeBSD. firewall can be re-configured to allow out traffic The small form factor allows us to pack a number of originating from within RULE, but only if the these devices into limited rack space. While the video, destination is a host within the campus LAN (and audio, printer and PS/2 interfaces are unnecessary for excluding things like our campus web proxy to the RULE applications, we make use of the serial ports for outside world). The last thing we want are 'interesting' console server access to each motherboard, and the USB projects on RULE reaching out and annoying people ports are used to power small “Alloy NC-05c” Ethernet around the Internet in an uncontrolled manner. hubs [7] that form part of the RULE's internal network Secure Shell (ssh) is the remote access protocol for (minimising the wiring and power supply complexity RULE hosts so that student's communication with their within the rack, Figure 3).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iocage Documentation Release 1.2
    iocage Documentation Release 1.2 Brandon Schneider and Peter Toth Sep 26, 2019 Contents 1 Documentation: 3 1.1 Install iocage...............................................3 1.2 Basic Usage...............................................6 1.3 Plugins.................................................. 10 1.4 Networking................................................ 11 1.5 Jail Types................................................. 14 1.6 Best Practices............................................... 15 1.7 Advanced Usage............................................. 16 1.8 Using Templates............................................. 20 1.9 Create a Debian Squeeze Jail (GNU/kFreeBSD)............................ 21 1.10 Known Issues............................................... 22 1.11 FAQ.................................................... 23 1.12 Indices and tables............................................ 24 Index 25 i ii iocage Documentation, Release 1.2 iocage is a jail/container manager written in Python, combining some of the best features and technologies the FreeBSD operating system has to offer. It is geared for ease of use with a simplistic and easy to learn command syntax. FEATURES: • Templates, basejails, and normal jails • Easy to use • Rapid thin provisioning within seconds • Automatic package installation • Virtual networking stacks (vnet) • Shared IP based jails (non vnet) • Dedicated ZFS datasets inside jails • Transparent ZFS snapshot management • Binary updates • Export and import • And many more! Contents 1 iocage Documentation,
    [Show full text]
  • Freebsd's Jail(2) Facility
    Lousy virtualization, Happy users: FreeBSD's jail(2) facility Poul-Henning Kamp [email protected] CHROOT(2) FreeBSD System Calls Manual CHROOT(2) NAME chroot -- change root directory LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc, -lc) SYNOPSIS #include <unistd.h> int chroot(const char *dirname); Calling chroot(2) in ftpd(1) implemented ”anonymous FTP” without the hazzle of file/pathname parsing and editing. ”anonymous FTP” became used as a tool to enhance network security. By inference, chroot(2) became seen as a security enhancing feature. ...The source were not strong in those. Exercise 1: List at least four ways to escape chroot(2). Then the Internet happened, ...and web-servers, ...and web-hosting Virtual hosts in Apache User get their own ”virtual apache” but do do not get your own machine. Also shared: Databases mailprograms PHP/Perl etc. Upgrading tools (PHP, mySQL etc) on virtual hosting machines is a nightmare. A really bad nightmare: Cust#1 needs mySQL version > N Cust#2 cannot use mySQL version <M (unless PHP version > K) Cust#3 does not answer telephone Cust#4 has new sysadmin Cust#5 is just about ready with new version Wanted: Lightweight virtualization Same kernel, but virtual filesystem and network address plus root limitations. Just like chroot(2) with IP numbers on top. Will pay cash. Close holes in chroot(2) Introduce ”jail” syscall + kernel struct Block jailed root in most suser(9) calls. Check ”if jail, same jail ?” in strategic places. Fiddle socket syscall arguments: INADDR_ANY -> jail.ip INADDR_LOOPBACK -> jail.ip Not part of jail(2): Resource restriction Hardware virtualization Covert channel prevention (the hard stuff) Total implementation: 350 changed source lines 400 new lines of code FreeBSD without jail usr Resources of various sorts / home var process process process process process process Kernel FreeBSD with jail usr Resources of various sorts / home var process process process process* process process Kernel error = priv_check_cred( cred, PRIV_VFS_LINK, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL); if (error) return (error); The unjailed part One jailed part of the system.
    [Show full text]
  • Sandboxing 2 Change Root: Chroot()
    Sandboxing 2 Change Root: chroot() Oldest Unix isolation mechanism Make a process believe that some subtree is the entire file system File outside of this subtree simply don’t exist Sounds good, but. Sandboxing 2 2 / 47 Chroot Sandboxing 2 3 / 47 Limitations of Chroot Only root can invoke it. (Why?) Setting up minimum necessary environment can be painful The program to execute generally needs to live within the subtree, where it’s exposed Still vulnerable to root compromise Doesn’t protect network identity Sandboxing 2 4 / 47 Root versus Chroot Suppose an ordinary user could use chroot() Create a link to the sudo command Create /etc and /etc/passwd with a known root password Create links to any files you want to read or write Besides, root can escape from chroot() Sandboxing 2 5 / 47 Escaping Chroot What is the current directory? If it’s not under the chroot() tree, try chdir("../../..") Better escape: create device files On Unix, all (non-network) devices have filenames Even physical memory has a filename Create a physical memory device, open it, and change the kernel data structures to remove the restriction Create a disk device, and mount a file system on it. Then chroot() to the real root (On Unix systems, disks other than the root file system are “mounted” as a subtree somewhere) Sandboxing 2 6 / 47 Trying Chroot # mkdir /usr/sandbox /usr/sandbox/bin # cp /bin/sh /usr/sandbox/bin/sh # chroot /usr/sandbox /bin/sh chroot: /bin/sh: Exec format error # mkdir /usr/sandbox/libexec # cp /libexec/ld.elf_so /usr/sandbox/libexec # chroot /usr/sandbox
    [Show full text]
  • April 2006 Volume 31 Number 2
    APRIL 2006 VOLUME 31 NUMBER 2 THE USENIX MAGAZINE OPINION Musings RIK FARROW OpenSolaris:The Model TOM HAYNES PROGRAMMING Code Testing and Its Role in Teaching BRIAN KERNIGHAN Modular System Programming in MINIX 3 JORRIT N. HERDER, HERBERT BOS, BEN GRAS, PHILIP HOMBURG, AND ANDREW S. TANENBAUM Some Types of Memory Are More Equal Than Others DIOMEDIS SPINELLIS Simple Software Flow Analysis Using GNU Cflow CHAOS GOLUBITSKY Why You Should Use Ruby LU KE KANIES SYSADMIN Unwanted HTTP:Who Has the Time? DAVI D MALONE Auditing Superuser Usage RANDOLPH LANGLEY C OLUMNS Practical Perl Tools:Programming, Ho Hum DAVID BLANK-EDELMAN VoIP Watch HEISON CHAK /dev/random ROBERT G. FERRELL STANDARDS USENIX Standards Activities NICHOLAS M. STOUGHTON B O OK REVIEWS Book Reviews ELIZABETH ZWICKY, WITH SAM STOVER AND RI K FARROW USENIX NOTES Letter to the Editor TED DOLOTTA Fund to Establish the John Lions Chair C ONFERENCES LISA ’05:The 19th Large Installation System Administration Conference WORLDS ’05: Second Workshop on Real, Large Distributed Systems FAST ’05: 4th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies The Advanced Computing Systems Association Upcoming Events 3RD SYMPOSIUM ON NETWORKED SYSTEMS 2ND STEPS TO REDUCING UNWANTED TRAFFIC ON DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION (NSDI ’06) THE INTERNET WORKSHOP (SRUTI ’06) Sponsored by USENIX, in cooperation with ACM SIGCOMM JULY 6–7, 2006, SAN JOSE, CA, USA and ACM SIGOPS http://www.usenix.org/sruti06 MAY 8–10, 2006, SAN JOSE, CA, USA Paper submissions due: April 20, 2006 http://www.usenix.org/nsdi06 2006
    [Show full text]
  • In PDF Format
    Arranging Your Virtual Network on FreeBSD Michael Gmelin ([email protected]) January 2020 1 CONTENTS CONTENTS Contents Introduction 3 Document Conventions . .3 License . .3 Plain Jails 4 Plain Jails Using Inherited IP Configuration . .4 Plain Jails Using a Dedicated IP Address . .5 Plain Jails Using a VLAN IP Address . .6 Plain Jails Using a Loopback IP Address . .7 Adding Outbound NAT for Public Traffic . .7 Running a Service and Redirecting Traffic to It . .9 VNET Jails and bhyve VMs 10 VNET Jails Using sysutils/pot ............................. 10 VNET Jails Using sysutils/iocage ............................ 13 Managing Bridges . 13 Adding bhyve VMs and DHCP to the Mix . 16 Preventing Traffic Between VNET Jails/VMs . 17 Firewalling Inside VNET Jails/VMs . 20 VXLAN 22 VXLAN Example Overview . 22 Gateway Configuration . 24 Jailhost-a . 25 Network Configuration (jailhost-a) . 25 VM Configuration (jailhost-a) . 26 Jail Configuration (jailhost-a) . 27 Jailhost-b . 27 Network Configuration (jailhost-b) . 27 Plain Jail Configuration (jailhost-b) . 28 Network Switch Setup (jailhost-b) . 29 VNET Jail Configuration (jailhost-b) . 30 VM Configuration (jailhost-b) . 30 VXLAN Multicast Troubleshooting . 31 Conclusion and Further Reading 33 2020-01-08 (final) 2 CC BY 4.0 INTRODUCTION Introduction Modern FreeBSD offers a range of virtualization options, from the traditional jail environment sharing the network stack with the host operating system, over vnet jails, which allow each jail to have its own network stack, to bhyve virtual machines running their own kernels/operating systems. Depending on individual requirements, there are different ways to configure the virtual network. Jail and VM management tools can ease the process by abstracting away (at least some of) the underlying complexities.
    [Show full text]
  • Running Untrusted Application Code: Sandboxing Running Untrusted Code
    Running Untrusted Application Code: Sandboxing Running untrusted code We often need to run buggy/unstrusted code: programs from untrusted Internet sites: toolbars, viewers, codecs for media player old or insecure applications: ghostview, outlook legacy daemons: sendmail, bind honeypots Goal : if application “misbehaves,” kill it Approach: confinement Confinement : ensure application does not deviate from pre-approved behavior Can be implemented at many levels: Hardware : run application on isolated hw (air gap) difficult to manage Virtual machines : isolate OS’s on single hardware System call interposition : Isolates a process in a single operating system Isolating threads sharing same address space: Software Fault Isolation (SFI) Application specific: e.g. browser-based confinement Implementing confinement Key component: reference monitor Mediates requests from applications Implements protection policy Enforces isolation and confinement Must always be invoked: Every application request must be mediated Tamperproof : Reference monitor cannot be killed … or if killed, then monitored process is killed too Small enough to be analyzed and validated A simple example: chroot Often used for “guest” accounts on ftp sites To use do: (must be root) chroot /tmp/guest root dir “/” is now “/tmp/guest” su guest EUID set to “guest” Now “/tmp/guest” is added to file system accesses for applications in jail open(“/etc/passwd”, “r”) ⇒⇒⇒ open(“/tmp/guest/etc/passwd”, “r”) ⇒ application cannot access files outside of jail Jailkit Problem: all utility progs (ls, ps, vi) must live inside jail • jailkit project: auto builds files, libs, and dirs needed in jail environment • jk_init : creates jail environment • jk_check: checks jail env for security problems • checks for any modified programs, • checks for world writable directories, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • User-Space Process Virtualization in the Context of Checkpoint-Restart and Virtual Machines
    User-Space Process Virtualization in the Context of Checkpoint-Restart and Virtual Machines A dissertation presented by Kapil Arya to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the College of Computer and Information Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts August 2014 Copyright c August 2014 by Kapil Arya NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Ph.D. THESIS APPROVAL FORM THESIS TITLE: User-Space Process Virtualization in the Context of Checkpoint-Restart and Virtual Machines AUTHOR: Kapil Arya Ph.D. Thesis approved to complete all degree requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science Distribution: Once completed, this form should be scanned and attached to the front of the electronic dissertation document (page 1). An electronic version of the document can then be uploaded to the Northeastern University-UMI website. Abstract Checkpoint-Restart is the ability to save a set of running processes to a check- point image on disk, and to later restart them from the disk. In addition to its traditional use in fault tolerance, recovering from a system failure, it has numerous other uses, such as for application debugging and save/restore of the workspace of an interactive problem-solving environment. Transparent checkpointing operates without modifying the underlying application pro- gram, but it implicitly relies on a “Closed World Assumption” — the world (including file system, network, etc.) will look the same upon restart as it did at the time of checkpoint. This is not valid for more complex programs. Until now, checkpoint-restart packages have adopted ad hoc solutions for each case where the environment changes upon restart.
    [Show full text]
  • Jails and Unikernels
    Virtualisation: Jails and Unikernels Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 18 Colin Perkins | https://csperkins.org/ | Copyright © 2017 | This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. Lecture Outline • Alternatives to full virtualisation • Sandboxing processes: • FreeBSD jails and Linux containers • Container management • Unikernels and library operating systems Colin Perkins | https://csperkins.org/ | Copyright © 2017 2 Alternatives to Full Virtualisation • Full operating system virtualisation is expensive • Need to run a hypervisor • Need to run a complete guest operating system instance for each VM • High memory and storage overhead, high CPU load from running multiple OS instances on a single machine – but excellent isolation between VMs • Running multiple services on a single OS instance can offer insufficient isolation • All must share the same OS • A bug in a privileged service can easily compromise entire system – all services running on the host, and any unrelated data • A sandbox is desirable – to isolate multiple services running on a single operating system Colin Perkins | https://csperkins.org/ | Copyright © 2017 3 Sandboxing: Jails and Containers • Concept – lightweight virtualisation • A single operating system kernel • Multiple services /bin • Each service runs within a jail a service specific container, running just what’s needed /bin /dev for that application /dev /etc /etc /mail /home /home /jail /www /lib • Jail restricted to see only a subset of the / /lib /local /usr filesystem and processes of the host /usr /lib /sbin • A sandbox within the operating system /sbin /sbin /tmp /tmp /share /var • Partially virtualised /var Colin Perkins | https://csperkins.org/ | Copyright © 2017 4 Example: FreeBSD Jail subsystem Jails: Confining the omnipotent root.
    [Show full text]
  • Security Scanning a Jail by BENEDICT REUSCHLING
    1 of 3 PRACTICAL Security Scanning a Jail BY BENEDICT REUSCHLING This column covers ports and packages for FreeBSD that are useful in some way, peculiar, or otherwise good to know about. Ports extend the base OS functionality and make sure you get something done or, simply, put a smile on your face. Come along for the ride, maybe you’ll find something new. n this installment, I stray a bit from presenting a bouquet of ports and just focus on a single one: security/lynis. Lynis is a tool for security auditing, hardening, and compliance testing. What lynis does dif- ferently from other security scanners is that it tries to detect available components on a sys- Item such as a webserver or database. Once it finds them, it checks them further for vulnerabil- ities, missing patches, etc. This way, the scans are different on each system based on the configured software and purpose. For example, your firewall Available as open host may receive different examinations than your backup server. Plugins extend lynis’s functionality to source as well as a cover specific software. A comprehensive security commercial enterprise report is generated at the end, eliciting either a pat on the back from your security-minded superiors or tool, lynis scans a range your next security sensitivity training. Available as open source as well as a commer- of operating systems for cial enterprise tool, it scans a range of operating systems for security anomalies. Sysadmins as well security anomalies. as penetration testers, developers, and auditors can use it to assess if there are any vulnerabilities, not only in installed software but also in their configurations.
    [Show full text]
  • Iocell Documentation Release 1.7.3
    iocell Documentation Release 1.7.3 iocell Nov 23, 2018 Contents 1 Documentation: 3 1.1 Basic usage................................................3 1.2 Networking................................................6 1.3 Jail types.................................................8 1.4 Best practices............................................... 10 1.5 Advanced usage............................................. 11 1.6 How to create and use templates..................................... 15 1.7 Create a jail package!.......................................... 15 1.8 Create a Debian Squeeze jail (GNU/kFreeBSD)............................. 16 1.9 Known Issues............................................... 17 1.10 FAQ.................................................... 18 1.11 Indices and tables............................................ 19 i ii iocell Documentation, Release 1.7.3 iocell is a zero dependency drop in jail/container manager amalgamating some of the best features and technologies FreeBSD operating system has to offer. It is geared for ease of use with a simple and easy to understand command syntax. FEATURES: • Templates, clones, basejails, fully independent jails • Ease of use • Zero configuration files • Rapid thin provisioning within seconds • Automatic package installation • Virtual networking stacks (vnet) • Shared IP based jails (non vnet) • Resource limits (CPU, MEMORY, etc.) • Filesystem quotas and reservations • Dedicated ZFS datasets inside jails • Transparent ZFS snapshot management • Binary updates • Differential jail packaging • Export and import • And many more! Contents 1 iocell Documentation, Release 1.7.3 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Documentation: 1.1 Basic usage This section is about basic use and is a suitable quick howto for newcomers. 1.1.1 Fetch a release The very first step with iocell is to fetch a RELEASE. By default iocell will attempt to fetch the host’s current RE- LEASE from the freebsd.org servers. Once the RELEASE bits are downloaded, the most recent patches are applied too.
    [Show full text]
  • AWS Firecracker VMM 之 ⼤熱天捲起袖⼦動⼿玩
    Playing with AWS Firecracker VMM 之 ⼤熱天捲起袖⼦動⼿玩 ... Ernest Chiang @ COSCUP 2020, Track: Cloud Native Hub Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth. —Archimedes 2 sli.do #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm #awsvmm 議程中有任何問題、好奇、疑問，都可以隨時丟進 sli.do US$25 AWS Credits 問券連結，也放在 sli.do 裡頭喔 3 Ernest Chiang Worked on process integration engineering in semiconductor industry @tsmc. Doing product and technology integration in fitness industry @pafers. Off Work TGO Networks Taipei. AWS Community Hero. Mozillian. AIESECer. 4 Outline Problems & Solutions Firecracker Virtualization & Containerization Lambda & Fargate Firecracker & container d Live Demo Getting started with Firecracker in 2 Minutes Creating 4,000 microVMs in 90 seconds Firecracker & Open Source Projects 8 Problems & Solutions 9 Firecracker, Part 1 10 What is Firecraker Firecracker is an open source VMM that is purpose-built for creating and managing secure, multi-tenant container and function-based services. 11 What is Firecraker Firecracker is an open source VMM that is purpose-built for creating and managing secure, multi-tenant container and function-based services. 12 What problem is AWS helping to solve? 13 What problem is AWS helping to solve? 14 What problem is AWS helping to solve? Multiple functions on multiple environments from multiple accounts . 15 What is Firecracker Open source virtualization technology (microVM) Security and isolation of traditional VMs Speed and density of containers Low resource overhead Developed at Amazon 16 Benefits of Firecracker 17 Benefits of Firecracker 18 安全隔離好 啟動時間短 產能效率⾼ #像極了愛情 -- AWS Firecracker VMM 19 Virtualization & Containerization 20 Virtualization (1/3) In computing, virtualization refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something , including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulk Ports Management with Poudriere
    1 of 3 Bulk Ports Management with Poudriere BY DREW GURKOWSKI Step 1: Using the Ports Collection to Install Poudriere All commands in this section should be run as root; using the su(1) command will work. To download a compressed snapshot of the Ports Collection into /var/db/portsnap: # portsnap fetch When running portsnap for the first time, extract the snapshot into/usr/ports : # portsnap extract Next, build and install Poudriere from the Ports Collection using: # cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/poudriere # make install clean Prompts will appear throughout the installation process, stick with the default settings and in- stall the port. Step 2: Configuring Poudriere Poudriere is an extremely powerful tool designed for package production, but it can also be used to bulk manage ports. In order to do so, a few small tweaks will need to be made to the configuration before moving forward. First, copy and move the configuration file to the correct location with: # cd /usr/local/etc # cp poudriere.conf.sample poudriere conf Then use the ee(1) text editor to edit the copied configuration file: # ee poudriere.conf Arrow keys can be used to navigate down to the line: FREEBSD_HOST=_PROTO_://_CHANGE_THIS_ Edit the above line, so it instead looks like this: (backspace to delete text) FREEBSD_HOST=ftp://ftp.freebsd.org Type ESCAPE and then ENTER twice to exit and save changes to the configuration file. FreeBSD Journal • May/June 2020 35 2 of 3 Step 3: Set Up a Poudriere Jail Before continuing, Poudriere will need to fetch and extract its own version of the FreeBSD Ports Collection.
    [Show full text]