DOCSLIB.ORG

Utilization of a S F P Photographs in the Study of Small Structures in Abu

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Utilization of a S F P Photographs in the Study of Small Structures in Abu Utilization of ASfP Photographs in the Study of Small Structures in Abu Rawssh and WIdi el NatrQn,Egypt Hnssnr~A. El-Etr a and Farouk El-Baz b f ABSTRACT sion. The photographs also reveal that there is a potential for increasing the area of cultivated land This paper deals with a study of geologic struc- on the eastern slope of the depression. tures using 8 X enlargements of Apollo-Soyuz Test Project color photographs. The two study areas are Abu Rawdsh and Whdi el NatrQn; both INTRODUCTION are in the northern part of the Western Desert of Egypt. Because the structures are small, aerial Three sections in this volume describe the photographs were studied and field checks were utility of Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) made to verify the findings from Apollo-Soyuz photographs in regional studies of the Western photographs. Desert of Egypt. These reports address (1) photo- The Apollo-Soyuz photographs of Abu Rawhsh lineaments and major structures, (2) color zones clearly show structural uplifts that brought white and their geologic meaning, and (3) sand dunes chalk deposits to the surface. The photographs and their distribution. A common aspect of these also depict the distribution of dark volcanic rocks reports is the study of ASTP data and the ex- in the region and clearly delineate complex struc- trapolation of observations to other parts of the tures including several domes and plunging anti- Western Desert clines. Differences and similarities between these In this section, the authors have investigated structures are clearly displayed in the Apollo- the utility of ASTP photographs of Egypt in Soyuz photographs. detailed studies of small structures. The two areas Wddi el NatrOn is an elongate depression that is selected for this investigation are just west of the probably tectonic in origin. The Apollo-Soyuz Nile Delta in the northeastern part of the Western photographs display its structures as well as the Desert (fig. 1).A common feature of the two areas string of salt lakes within it. The natural color of is the difference in color between the structures of these photographs enables distinction between interest and the surrounding terrain. These two these lakes on the basis of color. Natural color also localities include the complex structures of the enables recognition of the barren nature of the Abu Rawhsh area and the numerous lakes in a northern and southern extremities of the depres- depression called Whdi el NatrQn. The ASTP crewmembers obtained photographs a~inShams University, Cairo, Egypt. of these two areas with a handheld 70-mm b~ationaiAir and Space Museum, Smithsonian camera. In addition, Wadi el NatrCln was covered Institution. by photographs obtained with the bracket- 'principal Investigator. mounted 70-mm mapping camera. The handheld- 108 ASTP SUMMARY SCIENCE REPORT FIGURE 1.Sketch map of the Nile Delta region showing the location of the two areas studied in this report, Abu Rawash and W$di el NatrGn. camera photographs are low oblique, but this did the Photographic Technology Laboratory at the not affect their use in photogeologic interpreta- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. These tion. enlargements faithfully reproduced the color The structures portrayed on these photographs variations on the original film, which were impor- are small and cannot be easily studied on tant to the study. 1:l 000 000-scale (20 by 25 cm) photographic It was important to make certain that the find- prints. For this reason, 8X enlargements were ings from the ASTP photographs were real and especially made from the original 70-mm film by were not affected by inherent limitations in the photographic prints. For this reason, available tionship of volcanism to regional fractures was aerial photographs were studied and compared to particularly emphasized through the use of the the Earth-orbital photographs. Also, a field trip ASTP photographs. was made to the two areas to collect ground-truth In detail, the field-based geologic map (fig. 3) information. shows eight geologic units; namely: Cenomanian sandstones, marls, and shales (unit I), Turonian limestones (unit 2), Santonian Plicatula limestones (unit 3), Campanian to Maestrichtian chalk (unit 4), Eocene limestones and sandy The ASTP photographs show an elliptical, limestones (unit 5), Oligocene basalt (unit 6), light-toned area whose long axis is oriented in an Oligocene to lower Miocene fluviatile sands and east-northeastlwest-southwest direction (e.g., fig. gravels (unit 7), and wadi alluvium (unit 8). On 2). This area is known as the Abu RawBsh uplift; the ASTP photographs, the units that are easily it is characterized by exposures of Upper Cre- discerned are unit 1, a moderately dark-toned taceous chalky white limestone that are easily unit; units 2 through 5, which are very light toned; demarked from the surrounding buff-tinted plain. unit 6, which is grayish; and units 7 and 8, which This plain is strewn with sand and gravel of are more yellow. Oligocene to lower Miocene age and underlain by Unit 1 is exposed in the eastern and southern Eocene limestones that are exposed farther south parts of the study area, and units 2 through 5 form in the Pyramids plateau. the main part of the uplift. These latter units are The occurrence of Cretaceous rocks at Abu not easily differentiated on the space photograph. Rawhh is rather significant in Egyptian geology On the ground, they are distinguished by paleon- because it represents an inlier of older rocks. This tologic rather than lithologic criteria. Thus, the is the only location at this latitude where Cre- number of mappable rock units on the space taceous rocks are exposed on the surface of the photograph may be reduced to four (figs. 2(a) and Western Desert. The occurrence of Cretaceous 2(b)). These four units are easily recognizable and outcrops owes its existence to folding and faulting their contacts are readily discernible. that took place during the Upper Cretaceous From these observations, it is recommended (ref. 1). that geologic mapping be based on distinct rock Several authors have reported on the geology of units as much as possible so as to benefit from the this district, particularly Faris (ref. 2) and Jux capabilities of space (and complementary aerial) (ref. 3). Figure 3 (ref. 1) is a detailed geologic map photography. Subdivision of these rock units may of the district. Comparison between this map and be performed at a later time for relatively small the ASTP photograph (fig. 2(a)) shows how the districts of particular interest on the basis of size and shape (geometry) of the Abu RawBsh paleontologic (or generally stratigraphic) grounds; structure are clearly and accurately expressed on i.e., on the basis of time-rock units. the space photograph. Figures 4(a) and 4(b) show the main structures In addition to the main structure, the ASTP of the Abu Rawash uplift, as portrayed on aerial photograph (fig. 2(a)) shows several east-north- photographs. The aerial photomosaic shows easterly elongated dark patches that are spatially several structures, particularly El Hassana dome, related to the Abu Rawash structure. Field study El Ghigiga dome, the Sudr el Khamis plunging indicated that these patches are Tertiary syncline, and the Wadi el Talun plunging anti- (Oligocene) basalt extrusions (refs. 4 and 5) cline. Faults modify these fold structures to vary- and/or related hydrothermally indurated fer- ing degrees. The ASTP photographs (figs. 2(a) ruginous quartzitic grits. Volcanic activity was and 2(b)) also show virtually all of these struc- probably guided by regional fractures of an east- tures. They are discerned through the bedding northeasterly orientation. Such a relationship is traces of the exposures of the limestone and not evident from the geologic map (fig. 3), sandstone units (fig. 3, units 2 through 5 and because of its limited coverage. I-Iowever, the rela- unit I, respectively). The photographic texture of ASTP SUMMARY SCIENCE REPORT the bedding traces is enhanced by the presence of yellowish-peach-tinted wadi alluvium (unit 8). The drainage network of the district is evidently highly dependent on the lithologies and structures present. Figure 2(b) shows the structures identified on the space photographs of the district. The difference in size between El Hassana dome and El Ghigiga dome is quite evident on the ASTP photograph (fig. 2(a)), although it is indistinct on the geologic map (fig. 3). In addition, the similarity in style of these structures is clear on the space photograph. The plunging Sudr el Kharnis syncline and Wadi el Talun anticline are also similar in structural style, but are markedly distinct from the aforementioned domes. Dishar- mony of the overall structural pattern of the region is thus revealed in the space photographs. This was not perceived from the previously published geologic map (fig. 3). To substantiate the findings from the ASTP data, the more detailed aerial photographs (scale 1:20 000) were studied stereoscopically. From this study (figs. 4(a) and 4(b)), it became evident that (I) the fold structures of Abu Rawbh uplift are disharmonious; (2) the prominent faults dislocat- ing these folds are the longitudinal and transverse type; (3) some bedding plane displacement is locally manifested; e.g., in El Ghigiga structure; (4) diapiric mobilization occurred in the relatively incompetent horizons; e.g., in the Sudr el Khamis and El Ghigiga structures; and (5) the actuating mechanism is probably complicated, and the max- imum stresses are believed to be of vertical inter- nal origin. The incompetent character of the oldest exposed (Cenomanian) sandstones and marls of the district is probably of prime signifi- cance in determining the disharmonic structural style referred to earlier. It must be stated that FIGURE 2.--Orbital photograph detail of Abu Rawash.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Discoveries in the Tomb of Khety Ii at Asyut*
    Originalveröffentlichung in: The Bulletin ofthe Australian Centre for Egyptology 17, 2006, S. 79-95 NEW DISCOVERIES IN THE TOMB OF KHETY II AT ASYUT* Mahmoud El-Khadragy University of Sohag, Egypt Since September 2003, the "Asyut Project", a joint Egyptian-German mission of Sohag University (Egypt), Mainz University (Germany) and Münster University (Germany), has conducted three successive seasons of fieldwork and surveying in the cemetery at Asyut, aiming at documenting the architectural features and decorations of the First Intermediate Period and 1 Middle Kingdom tombs. Düring these seasons, the cliffs bordering the Western Desert were mapped and the geological features studied, providing 2 the clearest picture of the mountain to date (Figure l). In the south and the north, the mountain is cut by small wadis and consists of eleven layers of limestone. Rock tombs were hewn into each layer, but some chronological preferences became obvious: the nomarchs of the First Intermediate Period and the early Middle Kingdom chose layer no. 6 (about two thirds of the way up the mountain) for constructing their tombs, while the nomarchs ofthe 12th Dynasty preferred layer no. 2, nearly at the foot of the gebel. Düring the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom, stones were quarried in the 3 south ofthe mountain (017.1), thus not violating the necropolis. Düring the New Kingdom, however, stones were hewn from the necropolis of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (Ol5.1), sometimes in the nomarchs' tombs themselves (N12.2, N13.2, see below). 4 5 The tomb of Khety II (Tomb IV; N12.2) is located between the tomb of Iti- ibi (Tomb III; N12.1), his probable father, to the south and that of Khety I 6 (Tomb V; Ml 1.1), which is thought to be the earliest of the three, to the north.
    [Show full text]
  • In Aswan Arabic
    University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 22 Issue 2 Selected Papers from New Ways of Article 17 Analyzing Variation (NWAV 44) 12-2016 Ethnic Variation of */tʕ/ in Aswan Arabic Jason Schroepfer Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Schroepfer, Jason (2016) "Ethnic Variation of */tʕ/ in Aswan Arabic," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 22 : Iss. 2 , Article 17. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol22/iss2/17 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol22/iss2/17 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ethnic Variation of */tʕ/ in Aswan Arabic Abstract This study aims to provide some acoustic documentation of two unusual and variable allophones in Aswan Arabic. Although many rural villages in southern Egypt enjoy ample linguistic documentation, many southern urban areas remain understudied. Arabic linguists have investigated religion as a factor influencing linguistic ariationv instead of ethnicity. This study investigates the role of ethnicity in the under-documented urban dialect of Aswan Arabic. The author conducted sociolinguistic interviews in Aswan from 2012 to 2015. He elected to measure VOT as a function of allophone, ethnicity, sex, and age in apparent time. The results reveal significant differences in VOT lead and lag for the two auditorily encoded allophones. The indigenous Nubians prefer a different pronunciation than their Ṣa‘īdī counterparts who trace their lineage to Arab roots. Women and men do not demonstrate distinct pronunciations. Age also does not appear to be affecting pronunciation choice. However, all three variables interact with each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt Oi.Uchicago.Edu
    oi.uchicago.edu Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt oi.uchicago.edu PREHISTORIC ARCHEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY A Series Edited by Karl W. Butzer and Leslie G. Freeman oi.uchicago.edu Karl W.Butzer Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt A Study in Cultural Ecology Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London oi.uchicago.edu Karl Butzer is professor of anthropology and geography at the University of Chicago. He is a member of Chicago's Committee on African Studies and Committee on Evolutionary Biology. He also is editor of the Prehistoric Archeology and Ecology series and the author of numerous publications, including Environment and Archeology, Quaternary Stratigraphy and Climate in the Near East, Desert and River in Nubia, and Geomorphology from the Earth. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London ® 1976 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1976 Printed in the United States of America 80 79 78 77 76 987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Butzer, Karl W. Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt. (Prehistoric archeology and ecology) Bibliography: p. 1. Egypt--Civilization--To 332 B. C. 2. Human ecology--Egypt. 3. Irrigation=-Egypt--History. I. Title. II. Series. DT61.B97 333.9'13'0932 75-36398 ISBN 0-226-08634-8 ISBN 0-226-08635-6 pbk. iv oi.uchicago.edu For INA oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu CONTENTS List of Illustrations Viii List of Tables ix Foreword xi Preface xiii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geographic Information System a Tool for Automatically Illustrating: the Microbiological Activities in Groundwater Aquifers
    New York Science Journal 2013; 6(1) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork Mitigation of Excessive Drawdowns via Rotational Groundwater Withdrawal (Case study: El Kharga Oases, Egypt) Safaa M. Soliman Research Institute for Groundwater, National Water Research Center, El Kanter El Khairia, Kalubia, Egypt [email protected] Abstract: Groundwater in Egypt plays important roles in the country's water budget. One of these roles is being the sole source of water for the nomads’ communities in the Western Desert. For this role to be sustainable, careful and scientifically based plans for groundwater withdrawal should be developed. This research was initiated with the objective of mitigating the excessive drawdowns by applying rotational groundwater withdrawal. El Kharga Oases was chosen to be studied because it mainly depends on groundwater as the primary source for water and are suffering from continuous increase in groundwater drawdowns due the excessive groundwater withdrawal, so it was necessary to study the aquifer of El Kharga Oases to find a solution to this problem that is accepted from stakeholders. In this study a numerical groundwater model was constructed to evaluate the effect of switching to rotational groundwater withdrawal on mitigating excessive drawdowns. In this regard, a MODFLOW package Visual MODFLOW 4.2 was utilized to simulate the proposed rotational withdrawal policy. The model was calibrated for steady state flow conditions with acceptable accuracy; the calibrated model has been run under the rotational withdrawal policy for 3 years to predict the rate of change in groundwater drawdowns. The results show sustainable recovery of groundwater levels throughout the prediction run period.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology on Egypt's Edge
    doi: 10.2143/AWE.12.0.2994445 AWE 12 (2013) 117-156 ARCHAEOLOGY ON EGYPT’S EDGE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE DAKHLEH OASIS, 1819–1977 ANNA LUCILLE BOOZER Abstract This article provides the first substantial survey of early archaeological research in Egypt’s Dakhleh Oasis. In addition to providing a much-needed survey of research, this study embeds Dakhleh’s regional research history within a broader archaeological research framework. Moreover, it explores the impact of contemporaneous historical events in Egypt and Europe upon the development of archaeology in Dakhleh. This contextualised approach allows us to trace influences upon past research trends and their impacts upon current research and approaches, as well as suggest directions for future research. Introduction This article explores the early archaeological research in Egypt’s Dakhleh Oasis within the framework of broad archaeological trends and contemporaneous his- torical events. Egypt’s Western Desert offered a more extreme research environ- ment than the Nile valley and, as a result, experienced a research trajectory different from and significantly later than most of Egyptian archaeology. In more recent years, the archaeology along Egypt’s fringes has provided a significant contribution to our understanding of post-Pharaonic Egypt and it is important to understand how this research developed.1 The present work recounts the his- tory of research in Egypt’s Western Desert in order to embed the regional research history of the Dakhleh Oasis within broader trends in Egyptology, archaeology and world historical events in Egypt and Europe (Figs. 1–2).2 1 In particular, the western oases have dramatically reshaped our sense of the post-Pharaonic occupation of Egypt as well as the ways in which the Roman empire interfaced with local popula- tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Governorate Area Type Provider Name Card Specialty Address Telephone 1 Telephone 2
    Governorate Area Type Provider Name Card Specialty Address Telephone 1 Telephone 2 Metlife Clinic - Cairo Medical Center 4 Abo Obaida El bakry St., Roxy, Cairo Heliopolis Metlife Clinic 02 24509800 02 22580672 Hospital Heliopolis Emergency- 39 Cleopatra St. Salah El Din Sq., Cairo Heliopolis Hospital Cleopatra Hospital Gold Outpatient- 19668 Heliopolis Inpatient ( Except Emergency- 21 El Andalus St., Behind Cairo Heliopolis Hospital International Eye Hospital Gold 19650 Outpatient-Inpatient Mereland , Roxy, Heliopolis Emergency- Cairo Heliopolis Hospital San Peter Hospital Green 3 A. Rahman El Rafie St., Hegaz St. 02 21804039 02 21804483-84 Outpatient-Inpatient Emergency- 16 El Nasr st., 4th., floor, El Nozha Cairo Heliopolis Hospital Ein El Hayat Hospital Green 02 26214024 02 26214025 Outpatient-Inpatient El Gedida Cairo Medical Center - Cairo Heart Emergency- 4 Abo Obaida El bakry St., Roxy, Cairo Heliopolis Hospital Silver 02 24509800 02 22580672 Center Outpatient-Inpatient Heliopolis Inpatient Only for 15 Khaled Ibn El Walid St. Off 02 22670702 (10 Cairo Heliopolis Hospital American Hospital Silver Gynecology and Abdel Hamid Badawy St., Lines) Obstetrics Sheraton Bldgs., Heliopolis 9 El-Safa St., Behind EL Seddik Emergency - Cairo Heliopolis Hospital Nozha International Hospital Silver Mosque, Behind Sheraton 02 22660555 02 22664248 Inpatient Only Heliopolis, Heliopolis 91 Mohamed Farid St. El Hegaz Cairo Heliopolis Hospital Al Dorrah Heart Care Hospital Orange Outpatient-Inpatient 02 22411110 Sq., Heliopolis 19 Tag El Din El Sobky st., from El 02 2275557-02 Cairo Heliopolis Hospital Egyheart Center Orange Outpatient 01200023220 Nozha st., Ard El Golf, Heliopolis 22738232 2 Samir Mokhtar st., from Nabil El 02 22681360- Cairo Heliopolis Hospital Egyheart Center Orange Outpatient 01200023220 Wakad st., Ard El Golf, Heliopolis 01225320736 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Surface Solar Irradiance in Northern Africa Desert Climate And
    Assessing surface solar irradiance in Northern Africa desert climate and its long-term variations from Meteosat images Magdy Abdel Wahab, Mossad El-Metwally, Reda Hassan, Mireille Lefèvre, Armel Oumbe, Lucien Wald To cite this version: Magdy Abdel Wahab, Mossad El-Metwally, Reda Hassan, Mireille Lefèvre, Armel Oumbe, et al.. Assessing surface solar irradiance in Northern Africa desert climate and its long-term variations from Meteosat images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Taylor & Francis, 2009, 31 (01), pp.261- 280. 10.1080/01431160902882645. hal-00356122v2 HAL Id: hal-00356122 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00356122v2 Submitted on 2 Jan 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Abdel Wahab M., El-Metwally M., Hassan R., Lef€vre M., Oumbe A., Wald L., 2008. Assessing surface solar irradiance in Northern Africa desert climate and its long-term variations from Meteosat images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31(01), 261 – 280, 2009. doi: 10.1080/01431160902882645. Assessing surface solar irradiance in Northern Africa desert climate and its long-term variations from Meteosat images MAGDY ABDEL WAHAB¶, MOSSAD EL-METWALLY*€, REDA ‡ MIREILLE †ARMEL †and LUCIEN † € Department of Astronomy and Meteorology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt • Department of Physics, Faculty of Science at Port Said, Suez Canal University, Port Said, Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • No Longer Dhimmis: How European Intervention in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Empowered Copts in Egypt
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 2012 No Longer Dhimmis: How European Intervention in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Empowered Copts in Egypt Patrick Victor Elyas University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Missions and World Christianity Commons, and the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Elyas, Patrick Victor, "No Longer Dhimmis: How European Intervention in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Empowered Copts in Egypt" 01 January 2012. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/156. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/156 For more information, please contact [email protected]. No Longer Dhimmis: How European Intervention in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Empowered Copts in Egypt Abstract This paper will examine how European intervention in Egypt from Napoleon's occupation in 1798 to the departure of the monarchy in 1952 changed the social landscape of the country. Through Napoleonic decrees, diplomatic pressure, influence on the Mohammad Ali dynasty, and the expansion of European missionary education in Egypt, European involvement in Egyptian affairs was essential in allowing Copts and other Christians to reverse centuries
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 1 THE LUXOR MASSACRE: THE CULMINATION OF A FIVE-YEAR WAR AGAINST TOURISTS AND THE TOURISM INDUSTRY ................................................................. 3 COPTIC CHRISTIAN VICTIMS ....................................................................................................... 6 INTELLECTUALS TARGETED ..................................................................................................... 10 CIVILIANS KILLED DURING SHOOT-OUT OPERATIONS .................................................... 12 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................................... 12 EGYPT Human rights abuses by armed groups BACKGROUND Political violence has been one of the main characteristics of Egyptian life in recent years. The cycle of violence pitting the security forces against armed Islamist groups, especially in Upper Egypt, since the beginning of 1992 has left at least 1300 people dead. The victims have included civilians, as well as armed Islamists and members of the security forces. Armed groups have been responsible for three assassination attempts on the lives of senior government officials during this time: the Minister of Information, Safwat al-Sharif, in March 1993, the former Minister of the Interior, Hassan al-Alfi, in August 1993, and the Prime Minister, Dr ‘Atef Sidqi, in November 1993, as well
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Environmental and Social Impacts ______27 5.1 Introduction ______Error! Bookmark Not Defined
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted to : Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company EGAS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK Prepared by: Executive Summary Public Disclosure Authorized NATURAL GAS CONNECTION PROJECT IN 20 GOVERNORATES IN EGYPT (January 2017) Executive summary 1 List of acronyms and abbreviations AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Agency for Development) BUTAGASCO The Egyptian Company for LPG distribution CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics EHDR Egyptian Human Development Report 2010 EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EGAS Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company EGP Egyptian pound ESDV Emergency Shut Down Valve ESIAF Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework ESMMF Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FGD Focus Group Discussion GoE Government of Egypt HP High Pressure HSE Health Safety and Environment LDC Local Distribution Companies LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LP Low Pressure mBar milliBar NG Natural Gas NGO Non-Governmental Organizations PAP Project Affected Persons PRS Pressure Reduction Station QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SDO Social Development Officer SFD Social Fund for Development SSIAF Supplementary Social Impact Assessment Framework TOR Terms of Reference Town Gas The Egyptian Company for Natural Gas Distribution for Cities WB The World Bank US $ United
    [Show full text]
  • Seven Seasons at Asyut
    Seven Seasons at Asyut First Results of the Egyptian-German Cooperation in Archaeological Fieldwork Proceedings of an International Conference at the University of Sohag, 10th–11th of October, 2009 Edited by Jochem Kahl, Mahmoud El-Khadragy, Ursula Verhoeven and Andrea Kilian 2012 Harrassowitz Verlag . Wiesbaden ISSN 1865-6250 ISBN 978-3-447-06529-0 Contents Preface .................................................................. ix JOCHEM KAHL Asyut and The Asyut Project ................................................ 1 MAHMOUD EL-KHADRAGY The Nomarchs of Asyut During the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom ................................................... 31 URSULA VERHOEVEN The New Kingdom Graffiti in Tomb N13.1: An Overview ........................ 47 SAMEH SHAFIK Epigraphic Work at Asyut .................................................. 59 MEIKE BECKER The Reconstruction of Tomb Siut II from the Middle Kingdom .................... 69 MONIKA ZÖLLER-ENGELHARDT Wooden Models from Asyut’s First Intermediate Period Tombs ................... 91 ANDREA KILIAN Pottery Offering Trays: General Observations and New Material from Asyut ........ 105 ABD EL-NASER YASIN An Overview of Islamic Pottery .............................................. 119 MAGDALENA PATOLLA Human Bones from Tombs of the Old Kingdom ................................ 129 AHMED A. EL-KHATIB Historic Plant Records from Tombs of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi ..................... 143 Plates .................................................................... 149
    [Show full text]
  • Kharga Oasis and Thebes: the Missing Piece of the Puzzle in the Relocation of Amen Worship in the 27Th Dynasty?
    Kharga Oasis and Thebes: The Missing Piece of the Puzzle in the Relocation of Amen Worship in the 27th Dynasty? Michinori OHSHIRO* I will introduce the temples in the Kharga Oasis that are known to have worshipped the Theban god Amen. This indicates that the principal god Amen or Amen-Ra temporarily moved from Thebes, the traditional religious centre in the Nile Valley, to the Kharga Oasis where he had a strong influence. The evidence shows that the Persian kings in the 2~ Dynasty, especially Darius I, discontinued construction activity in Thebes and instead built some huge structures in the Kharga Oasis. This, combined with the fact that the institution of "the God's Wife of Amen" disappeared from Thebes at the same time, possibly indicates a large-scale migration of people from Thebes to the Kharga Oasis. Such a migration created a unique Amen adoration in Kharga and Darius I willingly allowed the worship of Amen because Amen was a sun god with a ram's head- much like the Persian Royal family's own motif. Keywords: Kharga Oasis, Thebes, Darius I, Amen, Persia, Hibis Introduction The Nile Valley received various materials and information from the surrounding areas throughout Egyptian history. This is obvious from burial goods that have found in Abydos or Saqqara in the Predynastic Period such as lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, 1 carnelian from the Persian Gulf region and silver and wine in pottery from Palestine. Incense such as olibanum and myrrh for cult activities, ceremonies and funeral rites came to the Nile Valley via Nubia.
    [Show full text]