World Bank Document

Document of The World Bank 4

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 3458-IN Public Disclosure Authorized

INDIA

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

AUGUST 24, 1981 Public Disclosure Authorized

South Asia Projects Department AgricultureC Division

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

US$1.00 = Rupees (Rs) 8.0 1/

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (METRIC SYSTEM)

1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer (kn) = 0.62 miles (mi) 1 hectare (ha) 3 = 2.47 acres (ac) 1 million cubic meters (Mm ) = 810 acre-feet (ac-ft) 1 thousand million cubic feet (TMC) = 28.32 Mm 3 1 cubic foot per second (cusec) = 0.028 cubic meters per second (m /s) 1 ton = 1,000 kilograms (kg) 1 ton = 2,205 pounds (lb)

1/ The US Dollar/Rupee exchange rate is subject to change. Conversions in this report have been made at US$1.00 to Rs 8.0, which represents the projected exchange rate over the disbursement period. FOR OFFICIALUSE ONLY

PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AD - Agriculture Department AE - Assistant Engineer CAD - Command Area Development CADA - Command Area Development Authority CCA - Cultivable Command Area CE - Chief Engineer CWC - Central Water Commission DSP - Dam Safety Panel EE - Executive Engineer ERR - Economic Rate of Return GOI - Government of India GOMP - Government of Madhya Pradesh HB - Hasdeo Bango Project HYV - High Yielding Variety ICB - International Competitive Bidding ID - Irrigation Department LCB - Local Competitive Bidding MP - Madhya Pradesh MRP - Mahanadi Reservoir Project M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation O&M - Operation and Maintenance OER - Official Exchange Rate PACS - Primary Agricultural Credit Society PPM - Project Preparation and Monitoring PWD - Public Works Department RWS - Rotational Water Supply SE - Superintending Engineer T&V - Training and Visit VLW - Village Level Worker WMA - Water Management Area

GLOSSARY

Bajra - Pearl millet Chak - Irrigation service area below the Government outlet (about 40 ha) Sub-chak - Block or irrigation service area below the Government turnout (about 8 ha) Jowar - Sorghum Kharif - Main agricultural growing season (rainy season, June to October) Nalla - Natural drainage channel Rabi - Second agricultural growing season (dry season, October to February)

FISCAL YEAR

GOI and GOMP - April 1 - March 31

I INDIA

MADE-YAPRADESh MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Volume I - Main Report

Table of Contents

Page No.

I . PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... * *.* * * *...... *..**. 1 . Introduction ...... **..**.. **.. **...... 1 Agriculture and Irrigation in India ...... 1 The State of Madhya Pradesh ...... 3 - Salient Features ...... -*..... 3 - The Economy 3 - Agricultural Performance 3 - Irrigation Development. 4 Previous Bank Group Operations in Madhya Pradesh ...... 5

II. THE PROJECT AREAS AND PRESENT DEVELOPMENT ...... 6 Location.... 6 Climate ...... *.* ..... 00 .... 0#0.0 ... 6 Topography and Soils ...... 7 - Topography ...... 0...... 0.....* ...... oo..00.00.0 7 - Soils ...... o.... 7 Farm Size and Land Tenure ...... se...... *** 7 Population and Labor Force ...... 8...... 8 Present Irrigation Development ...... 8

- _B Scheme ...... o 9 - Existing Implementation Constraints in Irrigation Development . .... o- ...... 10 - Groundwater ..... 1...o...... e .. o i - Wells. . 10 - Tanks.... 11 Present Agricultural Development ...... 11 - Rice Cultivation ...... 11 - Present Rice Yields ...... 11 Agricultural Supporting Services ...... 12 - Agricultural Research ...... 12 - Agricultural Extension ...... 12 - Agricultural Inputs...... o.. 13 - Credit..... 14 - Marketing ...... 14 - Processing...... 14

III. THE PROJECT ...... 15 Project Formulation and Objectives ...... 15

This report is based on the findings of a Bank Mission which visited India in November/December 1980, comprised of Messrs. C.J.R. Bridge, J.F. Cunningham, G.T. Finlinson, C. lielman, M. Hlerman (Bank) and Messrs T. Moir, and A. Pendleton (Consultants). Messrs. W. Barber, A. Gibbs and P. Borrowman (Consultants) also contributed to the report. Ms. P. Hardy assisted with the statistical analysis. - ii -

Table of Contents (continuation) Page No.

Water Supply and Demand ...... 17 Project Scope ...... 17 Project Components ...... 18 Detailed Description ...... 19 - Dams and Weirs. 19 - Dam Safety . 20 - MRP Feeder Canals...... 20 - Main and Branch Canals... 21 - Canal Distribution Systems 22 - Drainage .. 22 - Canal Structures...... 22 - Road Networks ...... 23 - Sub-chak Channels ...... 23 - Farming Systems Research . .... 23 - Statewide Hydrological Network . .23 - Arpa Scheme Preparation . .24 - Operation and Maintenance Facilities ...... 24 - Technical Assistance.. 24 - Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 25 Status of Project Preparation ...... 25 Implementation Schedule ...... 26 Cost Estimates ...... 27 Financing ...... 27 Procurement ...... 2b - Civil Works ...... 28 - Equipment, Instruments and Vehicles ...... *.' 29 Disbursements ...... 29 Accounts and Audits ...... 30

IV. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGENIENT ...... 30 General ...... *...... 30 The Irrigation Department (ID) ...... 3U - Existing Organization ...... 30 - Proposed Organization for the Project ...... 31 - Staffing Requirements ...... 32 The Agriculture Department (AD) ...... 32 The Public Works Department (PWD) ...... 32 Agricultural University ...... 33 Command Area Development Authorities (CADA) ...... 33 - Existing Organization ...... 33 - Organization in the Project Area ...... 33 Monitoring too...... and Evaluation ...... 33 - M&E at ID Level ...... 34 - M&E at CADA Level ...... 34 - Use of Consultants and Universities for M&E ...... 34 Resettlement ...... 35 Operation and Maintenance of the Irrigation Systems .... 35 - iii-

Table of Contents (continuation)

Page No.

V. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, PRICES, FARM INCOMES AND COST RECOVERY ...... **.***,,*,,.,.,.,,.,,,...... 36 General ...... ,...... * ...... 36 Agricultural Production ...... 37 - Expected Future Development Without Project ...... 38 Market Prospects and Prices ...... 38 - Paddy Prices ...... 39 Farm Incomes ..... o ...... ,o...... 39 Impact on Rural Poverty ...... 40 Cost Recovery ...... 41 - Water and Water-Related Charges 41 - Other Agricultural Taxes ...... 41 - Present Level of Cost Recovery ...... 42 - The Potential for Increased Recovery . .42 - Timing Considerations . 42 - Conclusions .. *.o...... o.o...... 43 - Cost and Rent Recovery Under the Project ... 44

VI. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION ...... o..oo...... 44 Project Impact .. 0000 ".060.o 0.0.. .. O. 44 Employment Effects 45 Economic Analysis ...... 45 - Basic Assumptions ...... 000..*....*..* 45 - Economic Rate of Return ...... 46 - Economics of Canal Lining ...... 46 - Sensitivity Analysis ...... o. . .. 46 Project Risk ..... oo..o. .o....o..oo .. o 47 Environmental Effects .... *.... * ...... o...... 48

VII. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 48

TABLES

T- 1 - Potential Created and Area Irrigated from Major, Medium and Minor Projects T- 2 - Scheme Area Characteristics T- 3 - Climatic Data - Mahanadi River Basin T- 4 - Actual Water Releases vs Calculated Crop Requirements at the Rudri Diversion Weir T- 5 - Present Yields of Paddy in the Project Area T- 6 - Water Balance for MRP Scheme at Full Development T- 7 - Water Balance for HB Scheme at Full Development T- 8 - Salient Features of the Project Dams and Weirs T- 9 - Canal Network Features T-10 - Cost Estimates - Project Summary T-11 - Cost Estimates - MRP Scheme T-12 - Cost Estimates - HB Scheme - iv -

Table of Contents (continuation)

TABLES

T-13 - Cost Summary - Equipment, Instruments and Vehicles T-14 - Annual Expenditure Schedule T-15 - Estimated Schedule of IDA Disbursements T-16 - Proposed Allocation of the Credit T-17 - Present and Future Cropping Patterns T-18 - Summary of Agricultural Production T-19 - Summary of Prices of Economic and Financial Analysis T-20 - Crop Yield and Production Input Data T-21 - Individual Crop Budgets at Financial Prices T-22 - Individual Crop Budgets at Economic Prices T-23 - Typical Farm Budgets T-24 - Present Average Water Charges - MP State T-25 - Estimated Farm Budgets and Project Rent T-26 - Cost Recovery T-27 - MRP Scheme - Cost and Benefit Streams for Economic Analysis T-28 - RB Scheme - Cost and Benefit Streams for Economic Analysis

CHARTS

C- 1 - Schematic Map of Reservoirs and Feeder Canals in MRP Scheme C- 2 - Implementation Schedule C- 3 - Organization Chart - Irrigation Department

ANNEXES

ANNEX 1- Related Documents Available in the Project Files ANNEX 2- Part A: Terms of Reference for Locally Recruited Consultants Part B: Terms of Reference of Dam Review Panel AN4NEX 3- Assumptions for Economic Analysis ANNEX 4- Part A: Detailed Cost Tables Part B: Index to Map IBRD 15146R

LIST OF MAPS

IBRD 15146R - Madhya Pradesh Major and Medium Irrigation Projects IBRD 15149R - Mahanadi Reservoir Irrigation Scheme (MRP) IBRD 15148R - hasdeo Bango Irrigation Scheme (HB) VOLUM.EII: SUPPLEMENTARYDATA VOLUME (SDV)

ANNEXES

5 - Scheme Details 6 - Agriculture 7 - Water Supply and Demand 8 - Dams and Resettlement 9 - Engineering Design Criteria 10 - Command Area Roads 11 - Farming Systems Research 12 - l4onitoringand Evaluation 13 - Statewide HydrologicalNetwork and Review of Seepage Losses 14 - Procurement

VOLUME II: SUPPLEMENTARYDATA VOLUME (SDV)

ANNEXES

5 - Scheme Details 6 - Agriculture 7 - Water Supply and Demand 8 - Dams and Resettlement 9 - Engineering Design Criteria 10 - Command Area Roads 11 - Farming Systems Research 12 - M4onitoringand Evaluation 13 - StatewideHydrological Network and Review of Seepage Losses 14 - Procurement

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

I. PROJECT BACKGROUND

Introduction

1.01 The State of Madhya Pradesh (MP), located in central India, is the largest State in the country. Because of the large inter-annualand intra- seasonal rainfall fluctuation,and the small percentage area under irrigation in the State, agriculturalproduction varies widely. At present, only 14% of MP's water resourcesare developed. The Government of MP (GOMP) gives high priority to irrigation developmentand has allocated about 30% of the Sixth State Plan expenditureto this sector.

1.02 The Government of India (GOI) has requested IDA assistance for a five-year (1981/82-1985/86)time slice developmentof three major irrigation schemes in the Mahanadi river basin (Map IBRD 15146R). These schemes are located in the predominantlyrice growing Chattisgarhregion of eastern MP and will serve about 702,000 ha at full development (in 15-20 years). The IDA-assistedproject would modernize and extend irrigationfacilities over about 629,000 ha in the two major schemes 1/, Mahanadi Reservoir Project (MRP) and Hasdeo-Bango(HB) which are already partly developed. It would also assist with the planning and design of the Arpa Scheme (about 73,000 ha).

Agriculture and Irrigationin India

1.03 India has a population of about 680 M which is growing at an annual rate of about 1.9%. Since 1960, per capita income grew at an annual rate of 1.4% and reached US$190 in 1979/80. Although the average per capita income has increasedand access to public services has improved,in general, there has been little change in the incomes of the vast masses of urban and rural poor, who comprise about 50% of the total population. Accordingly,GOI's developmentplans give priority to alleviatingpoverty and creating employment, especially in rural areas.

1.04 Agricultureis the dominant sector of the Indian economy and con- tributes about 40% of GNP. It engages about 70% of the labor force and provides the base for about 55% of India's exports. During the last decade, GOI has devoted considerableattention to agriculturein its developmentplans. To support agriculturalgrowth, GOI has: (i) acceleratedirrigation development through modernizationof existing schemes and constructionsof new schemes; and (ii) improved agriculturalsupporting services to optimize the use of land and water resources.

1/ This includes about 34,000 ha under the MRP scheme which will also be developed (startingabout 1991) in Pairi Command, and which constitutes a self-containedirrigation area. -2-

1.05 Irrigation was given the highest priority from the beginning of the planning era in 1950. Some 52.6 M ha were developed by 1979/80, about 58% of which is from surface sources and 42% from groundwater. Irrigated areas are almost four times as productive as rainfed areas and they account for about 60% of all agricultural output in India. More significantly the expansion of irrigation facilities and the productivity growth on irrigated lands have together accounted for at least three-quarters of agricultural growth since 1960.

1.06 The area developed for irrigation is expected to grow to 66.2 M ha by the end of 1985/86, of which 56% will be from surface sources and 44% from groundwater sources. 1/ With little idle land left for cultivation, limited increase is expected in the net sown area in the future and the main increase in agricultural production will need to come from double cropping and from improvements in water management and in the use of agricultural inputs. In most completed projects the actual irrigated areas are less than planned and yields have been much lower than the original forecast. GOI and the State Governments are aware of the challenge and are seeking solutions to the dual problem of low irrigation intensities and poor yields. Solutions involve improved efficiency of the physical system, more flexible and imaginative water management practices and improvements in the supply of agricultural inputs (credit, extension, etc.).

1.07 The projects of the early 1960s typically involved a storage or diversion dam and main conveyance system only, leaving distribution of water from the project outlets to the efforts of the farmers. As some of these outlets served areas in excess of 100 ha, conveyance of water to the farmgate necessitated the construction of minor channel networks that were sometimes several kilometers long. In most projects, farmers were unable to finance or organize construction of the minor channels without outside assistance, which was only rarely available. The long delays between water availability in the main conveyance system and its use by farmers made these irrigation projects a marginal investment.

1.08 In the early 1970s, the concept of the Command Area Development Authority (CADA) evolved. Its objective was to coordinate the activities of the Irrigation and Agriculture Departments and to assist farmers in obtaining institutional credit for the construction of the minor systems and levelling and bunding of their fields. Undoubtedly, there have been benefits from this effort; but the results have been less than expected. Further analysis of the reasons for the gap between the irrigation potential created and actual utilization as well as lower irrigated cropping intensities and yields than forecast indicates that: (i) more emphasis is needed on improving the efficiency and reliability of the conveyance system from the water source to the irrigation outlets; and (ii) Government should assume responsibility for conveying water much closer to farmgate. Only when the farmer is fully confident of his water supply will he undertake investments in modern inputs to make full use of water supplied. These concepts were used in the design of irrigation networks and improved agricultural procedures have been adopted for the proposed project.

1/ The Sixth Five Year Plan, 1980-85, GOI Planning Commission. - 3-

The State of Madhya Pradesh 1/

1.09 Salient Features. The State of Madhya Pradesh covers an area of about 44.3 M ha which constitute 13.5% of the total area of India. Its population of about 52 M (1980) is predominantlyrural (84%) and is growing at about 2.6% per annum. Population density of 94 persons per km is about 60% of the national average. With about 20% of the population being tribal, the State of MP has the largest concentrationof tribal people in India. The labor participationrate is about 37% of the total population with cultivators and agriculturallaborers accounting for 80% of the labor force. The average farm size is about 3.6 ha. Small and marginal farmers (owning less than 2 ha) operate over 50% of the holdings but control less than 10% of the cultivable land.

1.10 Education and health standardsare low. Literacy rate is only 22% compared to the all-Indiarate of 29%, and the ratios of medical doctors and health centers to population are well below the national average. Only 17% of the villages are electrified. Road and railway networks are inadequate for supporting the development of available natural resources (minerals, fuel, timber, iron ore, etc.) and for transportingthe inputs and outputs of a more modern agriculture.

1.11 The Economy. Agricultureis the dominant sector in the State's economy and accounts for 57% of the State Net Domestic Product (NDP). Between 1970/71 and 1977/78, there was virtually no growth in the agriculturalsector compared to 3.4% for India. During the same period, the industrialsector grew at 6.2% per annum compared with 11% for India but it accounts for less than 20% of NDP and its effect on the overall growth rate was small. Growth in the other sectors, accountingfor 23% of NDP, was insignificant. Because of the poor performanceof all sectors, except for the industrialsector, the State NDP from 1970/71 to 1977/78 grew at an annual rate of 1.8% which during the same period, is only 25% of the growth rate for India (7.2%). In this time, per capita income in the State declined by 0.9% per annum, compared to a 1.1% growth in the national average. In 1977/78, the per capita income was estimated at Rs 896, about three-quarterof the national average.

1.12 AgriculturalPerformance. The net sown area in 1977/78 amounted to 18.8 M ha (84% of cultivable area in the State), mostly single-cropped during the monsoon (kharif) season or planted to crops in the dry (rabi) season on stored soil moisture followinga monsoon fallow. At present, only 11% of the total cropped area is irrigated. Between 1970/71 and 1978/79, the production of foodgrains increasedat the rate of 0.5% p.a. mostly due to small increases in areas sown. Production levels for other crops in MP have remained almost constant. Due to variabilityin rainfall, yield levels of all crops have fluctuatedwidely year by year, but with no significant trend upward for any major crop with the exception of wheat, where yields have increasedat a rate of about 2.9% p.a. since about 1970/71.

1.13 Yields of most major food ctops in MP are significantlybelow India's already low average. The discrepancyis most marked in the two major

1/ For a detailed analysis of the economy and the agricultureof irrigation sectors, see Madhya Pradesh Medium IrrigationProject, Report No. 3260-IN, February 18, 1981, the World Bank. - 4 -

foodgrains,rice and wheat for which the Indian average is roughly 50% higher than the MP yields. This reflects the relatively high proportion of rainfed agricultureand unimproved varieties of wheat and rice and low consumptionof fertilizers,at one-fourth of the national average. Yields of coarse grains (jowar,maize, bajra and barley) are more in line with all-Indiaaverages, but oilseed yields are very low, at 60% of the India average.

1.14 Fertilizeruse in MP, although it has recently accelerated,averaged about 7.4 kg nutrient per ha in 1977/78 (of which 70% of the annual consumption is distributedin the rabi season) which can be compared with the All-India consumptionrate of 17.1 kg/ha in 1975/76. In the project area, the 1977/78 consumptionrates were 10.2 kg/ha and 7.3 kg/ha in Raipur and Bilaspur Dis- tricts respectively.

1.15 IrrigatiRnDevelopment. MP has vast water resourses,estimated at 243.8 billionm'. At present, only about 34.3 billion m or 14% of the surface water and the groundwateris utilized. Despite the availabilityof rich water resourcesand the fact that within MP are the catchments of all eleven of the major rivers l/ of central India, only 11% of the net cropped area (about 2.2 M ha) in the State is irrigated, compared to the national average of about 26%. Of the 2.2 M ha of net irrigatedarea, about half is from canals (Governmentschemes) and half from wells (largely private):

Net Area Irrigated % (M ha)

Canals 0.97 45.0 Wells 0.86 40.0 Tanks 0.14 6.6 Other 0.18 8.4 Total 2.15 100.0

About one third of the canal irrigation is under major schemes (over 10,000 ha), about one third under medium schemes (2,000-10,000ha), and about one third under minor schemes (below 2,000 ha). Irrigation is almost exclusively limited to one season (kharif);less than 5% of the irrigatedarea receives water supplies in both seasons.

1.16 The State accords a high priority to irrigationas a means of raising both agriculturalproduction and the incomes of the rural poor. The share of irrigation in total plan expendituresrose from 20% during the Second Five-YearPlan (1956/57-1960/61)to 30% in the Sixth Five Year Plan (1979/80- 1984/85). Between 1956/57 to 1978/79, the increase in irrigation potential createdwas about 6% p.a. (Table T-1). However, actual utilizationhas fallen well below the potential created, ranging between 59% to 77%. The main reasons for this poor performanceare:

1/ The Mahanadi, Mahi, Narmada, Tapi, Chambal and Betwa, major tributaries of the Yamuna; the Son, a major tributary of the Ganga; and the Wainganga, Indravati, Sabati and Pench, major tributariesof the Godavari (see Map IBRD 15146). -5-

(a) Inadequate conveyancesystem. In many cases, dams have been built and water stored, but distributionsystems were left incompletewith outlet command areas (chaks)ranging from 40 ha to over 100 ha. Because of this lag in the construction of the minor distributionsystems, the water was pre- empted at the head of the system after water had become available in the larger canals. This, combined with the ability of influentialgroups to monopolizewater, has resulted in large areas--especiallyat the tailend of the commands--beingleft unirrigated.

(b) Over optimistic design assumptionson crop water requirements and conveyance and irrigationlosses, which have not been monitored under actual field conditions. This has led to a significantoverestimation of the area that can be irrigatedwith the water availableleaving a substantial gap between the areas for which canals were built and the areas which actually receivedwater on a regularbasis.

Previous Bank Group Operations in Madhya Pradesh

1.17 The Bank Group has contributedto the developmentof MP's agricultural sector through five previous IDA credits. However, its involvementin irrigationhas been small compared with the Bank Group contributionto irrigation in some other States in India until the recently approvedMP Medium IrrigationProject (US$140.0M credit of March 26, 1981, Cr. 1108-IN). The HP AgriculturalCredit Project (US$33.0M credit of June 8, 1973, Cr. 391-IN) was designed to expand and improve the credit facilities availableto farmers throughoutthe State. The MP Dairy Project (US$16.4M credit of December 18, 1974, Cr. 522-IN) is supportingdairy developmentorganized along the lines of the successfulAmul dairy cooperativeset up in neighboringGujarat State. Farmer response has been excellent and the Governmentis under considerable producer pressure to speed up the establishmentof dairy cooperativesthrough- out the State. The Chambal (MP) Command Area DevelopmentProject (US$24.0M credit of June 20, 1975, Cr. 652-IN) was designed to improve the efficiencyof water utilization in the command area of the Chambal Project in MP and bring additional areas under irrigation. This project started slowly, but is now about to be completed. The major constraintwas the slow acceptanceby the farmer of on-farm developmentwhich was meant to be carried out (and paid for) by the farmers themselveswith agriculturalcredit sources available to them from the proceeds of the Credit. 1/ The MP Forestry TechnicalAssistance

1/ The'reductionof the outlet command size from some 40 ha to about 8 ha in MP, as is now the policy elsewherein India also, has meanwhile eliminated part of the problem with the constructionof the minor canal system which conveys water to the farmgates. Originally this was to be a major part of the on-farm works, but as this part of the canal system was not on the property of individualfarmers, they were reluctant to finance the works from credit. The system is now constructedby the Government from budget funds. -6-

Project (US$4.0 M credit of February 26, 1976, Cr. 609-IN) provided the funds for a feasibility study, completed in November 1979, for the establishment of a saw-wood mill and a pulp factory based on the forest resources of southeastern MP. The MP Agricultural Extension and Research Project (US$10.0 M credit of June 1, 1977, Cr. 712-IN) was designed to strengthen agricultural supporting services, particularly extension and research. Staff shortages, especially in supervisory and managerial posts, have delayed implementation of the extension component, but results in areas where regular extension visits are being made attest to the potential effectiveness of the extension system under the project. Phase II of MP Agricultural Extension Project (Cr. 3308-IN) of April 1981 covers the districts not included in the previous credit. MP is also benefitting from two all-India ARDC line of credit projects, (the ARDC II and III Projects, Credits 715-IN and 947-IN, respectively) which provide institutional credit for minor irrigation development, and other on-farm improvements in physical infrastructure and farm equipment. The National Agricultural Research Project (Cr 855-IN) in addition supports the MP Agricultural University.

II. THE PROJECT AREAS AND PRESENT DEVELOPMENT

Location

2.01 The two major on-going irrigation schemes--Mahanadi Reservoir (MRP), and hasdeo Bango (hB)--are located in in Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg and Raigarh Districts of the Chattisgarh region (Map IBRD 15146R) in the Southeastern part of MP. General scheme area characteristics are shown in Table T-2.

2.02 The MRP scheme area (Map IBRD 15149R) lies almost entirely in the Raipur District with a very small areas in the Durg and Bastar Districts. The Mahanadi River forms the eastern boundary and the Rivers Kharun and Seonath, the western and northern boundaries, the latter joining the Mahanadi River in the northeastern corner of the scheme area.

2.03 The HB scheme area (Map IBRD 15148R) lies in Bilaspur and Raigarh Districts and is bounded by Lilagar River and the existing Khurang tank to the west, by the Mahanadi River to the south and HIand River to the east. The scheme area is served from Hasdeo Barrage located near Korba town.

Climate

2.04 The project area 1/ has a sub-tropical monsoon climate characterized by wet, hot summers and relatively warm, dry winters (Table T-3). Annual rainfall in the region averages about 1,100 mm varying from 698 mm to 2,010 mm. Mean annual rainfall in IRP Scheme is 1,206 mm and in HB Scheme 1,386 mm. The monsoon season (kharif) extends from late June to early October and accounts for over 95% of the annual rainfall with two-thirds of the precipi- tation occurring in July and August. Intervals between the on-set and reced- ing of the monsoon varies considerably and monsoon duration is between 70 and

1/ The project area includes the command of ERP, HB and Arpa schemes. 135 days with an average monsoon duration of some 100 days. Dry spells during the monsoon generally last between three and ten days but can extend occasion- ally to three weeks. The winter season (Novemberto February) is relatively warm and short with mean temperaturesof 200 C between December and March, followed by very hot and dry weather in May and June (400 C). Temperatures during the winter months in HB scheme are slightly lower than in MRP scheme making them more favorablefor rabi crops.

Topographyand Soils (Table T-2)

2.05 Topography. The project area is generally flat with slopes of less than 1% over about half the scheme areas and from 1% to 3% in the remainder. In general, micro-topographyis determined by small rivers and natural drainage ways. Most of the area has been bunded and land-shapedfor rice cultivation. The MRP command area lies at an elevation of 240-320 meters, with gently undulating topography. Natural drainage is provided by numerous streams draining into the Mahanadi and Seonath Rivers. The command area has fairly good cross-slopesand is not likely to develop any extensivewaterlogging with increased irrigationuse. The HB command area has also gently undulating topography getting flatter as one approaches the Mahanadi River. Natural drainage is provided by five tributariesof the Mahanadi River and by some importantdrainage ways (nallas).

2.06 Soils. Detailed soil surveys have been completed over most of the areas (Table T-2). The heavy texture and low permeabilityof the predominantly clay loam soils are well suited for rice cultivationduring the monsoon season. In the MRP command, soils are derived from shales, limestone and sandstones and are red-yellow latosols. The proportion of sandy loams and clay loams is about 15% and 85%, respectively. In the HB command, soils are derived from sandstones,shales, limestones and quartzite gneiss. Except for small areas of eroded gravelly soils on the ridges (5%), they are deep to very deep and vary in texture from sandy loam (15%) to sandy clay loam (17%), clay loam (28%), and clay (31%).

Farm Size and Land Tenure

2.07 The average farm size in the project area is about 2.0 ha, ranging from 1.6 ha in HB scheme to 2.3 ha in MRP scheme. Some 95% of the holdings are wholly-ownedand self-operatedand the remainderpartly owned and rented. Distributionof holdings in each scheme is approximatelyas follows:

MRP HB Size - Class No. Area No. Area ----ha ------%

Less than 1 48 9 58 15 1 - 3 31 24 27 31 3 - 5 11 19 8 20 5 - 10 7 21 5 21 10 - 20 2 14 1 5 Above 20 1 13 1 8 100 10)0 100 100 Average (ha) 2.3 1.6 Median (ha) 1.1 0.9 -8-

Population and Labor Force

2.08 Population in the project area is estimatedat 1.3 million consist- ing of about 270,000 households. The labor force constitutesabout 31% of the total populationwith cultivators and agriculturallaborers accounting for about 58% and 34% of the labor force, respectively. The remaining 8% are employed in industry, constructionand mining (Table T-2).

Present IrrigationDevelopment (SupplementaryData Volume (SDV), Annex 5)

2.09 MRP Scheme. The developmentof the scheme commenced about the 1920s. At present, it receiveswater from a complex of storage dams, carrier (feeder) canals and diversionweirs linking various tributariesof the Mahanadi River (Chart C-l). The river has an average annual flow of about 1,788 Mm3 at the RavishankarSagar dam, the principal storage reservoir of the scheme (SDV, Annex 8). Water from this dam also supplements supplies to the adjacent Tandula system through a link canal for irrigation,municipal and industrial uses. At full development,the MRP scheme will provide irrigation to about 374,000 ha. 1/

2.10 The MRP scheme was originally designed as a run-of-the-riverdiversion scheme to irrigate about 85,000 ha. The primary objective at that time was to provide "protective"irrigation to safeguardagainst disastrous failures of kharif paddy crops. As the demand for irrigation increased, supplementary storage reservoirswere added, the system underwent frequent remodelling and the areas commanded gradually increased over the years. Currently, the scheme provides water to about 224,000 ha. 1/ This expansion in area was accompaniedby a gradual reduction in the water supplied per ha irrigatedat the main canal headworks from about 7,000 m3/ha originally to about 3,000 m3/ha in the early 1970s. In 1977/78, when the Dudhawa reservoir (284 Mm3) was first filled to full capacity, the allocation again increasedto about 4,600 m3/ha irrigated. In 1979, constructionstarted on the Adbanpur Lift Irrigation Scheme serving about 13,000 ha within the command boundaries of the existing MRP scheme (Map IBRD 15149R).

2.11 In spite of the increasing demand for irrigationwater for new crop varieties, "protective"irrigation is still in practice to this day. The water supplied in the kharif season is inadequate in quantity and unreliable. A comparison between the water supplied and the calculatedwater demand for the years 1974 to 1979 (Table T-4) shows very considerablewater supply deficiencies due both to insufficientcanal capacities and storage for the areas commanded. During the critical period of floweringand grain setting (from mid-Septemberto the end of October), the releases ranged from 25% of the requirementsin 1974 to 66% in 1977. Sometimes,water has been released because of inadequate operationalcontrol, and canals run more or less con- tinuougly even when there is no demand because of adequate rainfall; this causes water wastage and drainage problems.

1/ This includes about 34,000 ha under the existing Pairi Irrigation Project which will be operated as part of the MRP scheme after the completion of the Pairi Dam and Pairi Link canal (see Chart C-1). -9-

2.12 In 1978/79, RavishankarDam (767 Mm3) was commissionedbut the full impact of this additional storage cannot be fully reflectedin present productionlevels in the MRP command area while the canal capacity constraints remain. However, before the industrialdemand builds up and the existing irrigationsystem served by Mahanadi Main Canal is enlarged,modernized and extended, the additionalstorage should have a considerableeffect on production. This was taken into account in the economic analysis (see para 5.05). Account has also been taken of storage available in Raviskankar reservoir and the expected build up in industrialdemand in estimatingthe increase in rabi cultivationin the MRP command area.

2.13 Seepage losses in the conveyance system are about 4.5-6 cumecs/Mm2 (15-20 cusecs per M ft2), which is substantiallyhigher than the design assumptionsof 1.8-2.4 cumecs/Mm2 (6-8 cusecs per M ft2) which were used for establishingconveyance efficiencies for the project (SDV, Annex 13). There are also no adequate control structures to regulate the flow. Once irrigation starts, the system generally runs continuouslywith little change in the regime except occasionallyto stop the flow after very heavy rainfalls. The ungated outlet pipes are easily tamperedwith and they do not provide constant flows to the areas served. The outlets serve commands (chaks)which vary in size from 40 ha to over 200 ha. Below these outlets, water distributionis from field-to-field. Because of the unreliabilityof irrigation supplies both in timing and quantity, farmers with holdings near the head of the "chaks" retain excessive amounts of water and delay releases to farmers lower down the chak. The outlet studies (SDV, Annex 6) have shown delays of up to a month between headreach farmers receivingwater and those farmers located at the tail of the chak.

2.14 The existing design assumptions,standard of constructionand operational procedures result in very seriouswater deficienciesfor farmers near the tail end of the systems. Even in the best years of water availability, these "tailenders"do not receive a reliable and adequatewater supply. As a result, their agriculturalproduction is very much less than those at the head reaches. A number of outlet studies in the MRP scheme area were carried out as part of project preparationin the 1979 and 1980 kharif seasons; the results in 1979 (a severe drought year) indicate that some farmers at the head of the system and near the outlets obtained paddy yields as high as 3.8 ton/ha compared to as little as 0.3 ton/ha at the tailend of the main conveyance network and farthest away from the project outlet (Table T-5). In 1980 (a heavy rainfall year), distributionof crop yields showed a similar pattern with yields of 2.6 tons/ha at the head of the system compared to 1.1 tons/ha at the tail.

2.15 H1BScheme. This scheme was also originallydesigned as a run- of-the-riverdiversion scheme. The Hasdeo Barrage was completedin 1967 together with a short length of the left bank main canal to provide cooling water to the thermal power station at Korba. The right bank main canal and the Janjgir branch canal, completed in 1976, provide irrigationto an area of some 45,000 ha. The Akaltara branch canal, presently under construction, could when completed, serve about 72,000 ha. Upstream of the Hasdeo Barrage, the Bango dam is in the early stages of construction. When completed it will provide the needed regulated flows to the irrigation scheme, to the Korba thermal stations, and to other industrialusers. Work is in progress on - 10 - extending the left bank main canal to serve three new branch canals. At full development, the HB scheme will provide irrigation to about 255,000 ha.

2.16 Tne operation of the HB scheme began in 1977. Until the Bango dam is substanitially completed (1986), irrigation will be from the run-of-the-river to present "protective irrigation" standards 1/ and will serve the existing irrigated area and those that will be developed under the project. The existing irrigation system in HB scheme suffers similar design and construction deficiencies and water supply and distribution constraints as MRP scheme (para 2.11).

2.17 Existing ImplementationConstraints in Irrigation Development. The inherent deficienciesin the existing irrigation schemes are not only due to the "outdated" planning and design concept but also to the inadequate implementation capacity in the Irrigation Department (ID). Existing irrigation staff are trained to plan, design and construct schemes in accordance with "protective"irrigation standards. Existing manpower is insufficientto design and implement the large investments proposed in the project area. In particular, serious constraints exist in the planning and design of the distribution system (below main and branch canals) since most of the staff concentrate on the design and constructionof dams, main and branch canals and major structures. Furthermore,as constructionand operation responsibilitiesare not separated,operation and maintenanceof the canal networks receive insufficient attention from irrigation staff particularlyas present financialprovisions for 5&M are limited (about US$4.6 per irrigatedha for MRP command area). In view of the present staffing constraintsand the change from "protective"to a more intensive irrigationin MRP and RB schemes, the ID will require technical assistance in planning, implementation and management of the schemes.

2.18 Groundwater. The important aquifers in the project area are in zones with carbonate rocks, shales and alluvium. Groundwater levels typically are from 4-6 m below the surface. Most of the groundwater developed at present is from dug-wells and dug-cum-bored wells. The quality of groundwater is generally good. A preliminary groundwaterbalance in the scheme areas, assuming extraction of groundwater remains at present levels, indicates that the unexploited balances for MRP and HB schemes are about 570 Mm3 and 360 Mm3 or 94% and 97% of net recharge, respectively. 2/

2.19 Wells. In the project area, wells have been dug principally for domestic use. Well water is also used to cultivate early kharif and summer paddy and some wheat and vegetables in the rabi season. About 8% of the dug-wells in MRP and 34% in HB scheme areas have been energized. It is expected that the current programs of groundwater development both by the AD for dug-wells and the ID for tubewells will lead to a considerable increase in groundwater use.

1/ Better control of the system will result in some improvement in crop yields but as the timeliness of irrigation cannot be changed without storage, a change to transplanted HYV paddy is not possible until the Bango dam is operative.

2/ "Groundwater Conditions within MP Major Irrigation Project Area"; W. Barber (Consultant) IBRD, January 1981; see related documents available in the project file (Annex 1). - 11 -

2.20 Tanks. There are large numbers of village tanks in the MRP and HB scheme areas, principally used for domestic purposes. Larger tanks are operated by the Irrigation Department and some have connections to the existing irrigation systems. Small village tanks are controlled by the Revenue Department.

Present Agricultural Development

2.21 Agriculture in MRP and HB scheme areas is dominated by rice cultivation which occupies about 95% of the cropped area in the kharif season, with follow-on crops of pulses and some linseed in rabi. Irrigated rabi crops such as wheat and vegetables are grown on a small scale with water supplied from wells and tanks. Most rabi crops are sown by broadcasting seed into the standing paddy crop about two weeks before harvest to make use of residual moisture in the soil. Present cropping patterns are summarized in Table T-17 and a detailed description of crops is provided in SDV, Annex 6.

2.22 Rice Cultivation. About 10% and 5% of the rice crop is transplanted in MRP and HB scheme areas, respectively, from seedlings grown in nurseries. Transplanting is done only where timely supply of water is assured with the nurseries either sown with the onset of the monsoon or from water supplied from wells and tanks. The remaining rice area is cultivated by the traditional "biasi" method where paddy seeds are broadcast after a few good showers confirm the arrival of monsoon, usually about the second half of June. From three to six weeks later, the fields are cross plowed and planked to form a rudimentary puddle to reduce excessive plant population and destroy some weeds. This operation is followed by hand weeding and filling the gaps to obtain an even crop stand. After these operations, paddy fields are filled with water to about 15-20 cm depth and left submerged till the crops mature. Further weedings during this period are usually performed and then fields are drained and the paddy harvested. Under this traditional cropping practice, crop failures are mainly due to inadequate rainfall or irrigation supplies in September and October. However delays in the onset of the monsoon or early breaks in the monsoon can cause delays in the "biasi" operation which results in severe yield reductions.

2.23 Present Rice Yields. Crop cutting experiments carried out in the MRP scheme show that under traditional "biasi" practices, irrigation will only increase yields on the average by 0.4 tons/ha, irrespective of the varieties grown. With transplanting and use of high-yielding varieties (HYV), paddy yields increase on average by about 1.0 ton/ha compared to local varieties under irrigation and about 1.3 tons/ha compared to rainfed HYVs grown under "biasi." Average present yields of paddy are:

Agricultural Paddy Yields Crop Varieties Practices (ton/ha)

HYV Transplanted/Irrigated 2.9 Local " 1.8 IHYV Broadcast/Irrigated 1.8 Local " " 1.4 HYV Broadcast/Rainfed 1,4 Local " " 1.0 - 12 -

2.24 In spite of the demonstrated superiority of transplanting HYVs under irrigation, most cultivators have not changed from traditional cropping practices because of unreliable water supplies. For early transplanting, assured water is required at the onset of the monsoon and this can only be supplied from reservoir storage carried over from the previous monsoon. Present storage is insufficient to provide this water. If farmers rely on monsoon rainfall in the transplanting operation, undue delays may result in serious reduction of crop yields. Since both the MRP and hB schemes are at present designed to supplement rainfall, water is released in large quantities only in September and October. The small area of rice under transplanted HYVs in both scheme areas is generally supplied from wells or tanks.

Agricultural Supporting Services

2.25 Agricultural Research. The Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Agricultural University (JNKVV) is responsible for agricultural research in the project area. Six agricultural colleges under the University in different regions of the State are under the control of the University and are located at Jabalpur, Raipur, Indore, Gwalior, Rewa and Sehore. They act as regional research stations and, in association with 16 research substations, provide coverage of all the main agricultural zones of the State. Under the Madhya Pradesh Agricultural Extension and Research Project, five college stations (Jabalpur, Indore, Gwalior, Rewa and Sehore) are being developed as regional research stations along with seven substations. These stations cover the major agroclimatic variations found in these project districts and concentrate on applied and adaptive research to provide practical answers to farmers' problems. Efforts made to decentralize research under the Agricultural Extension and Research Project have started producing results. Coordination between research and extension has improved considerably in terms of mutual exchange of information for formulation of seasonal programs, training of extension staff by research workers, and frequency of field visits by research workers to discuss problems with farmers and extension staff.

2.26 The Raipur College of Agriculture lies within the MRP command and also maintains a research farm at Bilaspur, near to HB command area. The Raipur College station is being developed as a regional center under the IDA-assisted National Agricultural Research Project (Cr. 855-IN). The Raipur College recently assumed responsibility for the GOHP-supported Rice Research Institute (RRI) at Labandi in the MRP project area which is also a center for the ICAR All-India coordinated Rice Research Program. The RRI was established in 1922 and initially concentrated on selection and development of improved rice varieties adapted to conditions in the region. Little attention has so far been paid to better water management and to the introduction of rabi crops. Research on fruit crops including bananas and on sugarcane is being done at Bilaspur.

2.27 Agricultural Extension. The T&V system of extension was introduced in the Chambal MP command area in 1976 and later expanded to 15 districts throughout the State under the MP Agricultural Extension and Research Project (Cr. 712-IN). The extension program has given good results. Under the recently approved Phase II Extension Project (Report No. 3308-IN), the whole - 13 -

State will be covered by 1982/83. Bilaspur District (which includes the HB command) was brought under the T&V system of extension in 1979. Raipur District (which includes most of the MRP command) has been included in the first phase of the Phase II ExtensionProject. Because of the large size of Raipur District, it has been sub-dividedinto two extensiondistricts, each under a Deputy Director of Agriculture (DDA). Within the scheme areas, special attentionwill need to be paid to training farmers in efficientwater managementand in nursery techniquesfor transplantedrice.

2.28 AgriculturalInputs. To be fully effective,extension staff should not be involved in coordinatinginput supplies and credit requirements,nor associatedwith the administrativeand regulatoryduties. To handle these tasks, under the Phase II extension project, a separate unit consistingof one senior AEO and three VLW would be located in each developmentblock and linked directly with the district DDA. There would also be a Cooperative Extension Officer (CEO) in each subdivisionto ensure coordinationwith credit and input organizationsand for quick processing of loan applications. One Supply Officer of the status of Assistant DA would be provided at the district level to be responsiblefor regulatoryfunctions and input arrangements. This additionalstaff would free DDAs for frequent field visits so necessary to review extension operations effectively.

2.29 Production of improved seed in the scheme areas has centered on four State seed multiplicationfarms in Raipur district and four in Bilaspur district which produce certifiedseed. Three farms of the Agricultural Universityalso produce foundation and certified seed. Under the Sixth Plan, the AD will set up one additional farm of 250 ha near Kukda Weir in the Pairi IrrigationProject command of Raipur district (Map IBRD 15149k). The AD has also organized Seed Growers CooperativeSocieties, each with about 20 members who produce "truthfullylabelled" rice seed which is procured by the District Marketing Officer (DMO). Certified seed is distributedthrough the State Marketing Corporation (MARKED). However quantities of quality seed are insufficientand a State Seed and Farm Corporationhas recently been set up to gradually take over the farms from the AD and to contract farmers to produce quality seeds. An independentState Seed CertificationAgency has also been set up and existing seed testing laboratoriesare being strengthened.

2.30 Distributionof fertilizersis undertakenmainly by MARKED, a public undertakingwhich arranges for the required supplies from the manufacturers as well as from the central pool to dispatch supplies direct to District headquarters. The District Marketing Officer (DMO) sells fertilizer on credit to branches of the Central CooperativeBank at block level. On payment to the bank, supplies are released to village level primary cooperativesocieties who distribute fertilizer to farmers. About 60% of fertilizer is sold through the cooperativesector with the remainder supplied through licensed private dealers. In spite of the wide distributionnetwork, farmers in many districts have difficulty in obtaining timely supplies of fertilizers. One of the major constraintsin popularizinguse of fertilizershas been reluctanceof coopera- tives to procure stocks from suppliersin advance of the sowing season for fear of increasing losses due to uncertain sales and long storage. To help overcome this problem, GOMP proposes to subsidizetransport and storage of fertilizers (with provision of Rs 22.5 M during the Sixth Plan period). The present level of demand in the project area is low; 10 kg of nutrient per ha of crop in Raipur district and 7 kg per ha in Bilaspur district. - 14 -

2.31 Marketing of pest control chemicals is handled by the Agro Indus- tries Development Corporation and a network of private dealers. During the Sixth Plan, GOMP proposes to encourage pest control measures by offering advantageous storage charges on agro-chemicals and to increase the stock of spraying equipment held by the Department of Agriculture.

2_32 Foodgrain storage capacity is being increased in both scheme areas. Uader a European Economic Community (EEC) assisted program started in 1979, additional storage capacity is to be constructed in the MRP and HB scheme areas. Arrangements for foodgrain storage capacity is adequate for development proposed under the project.

2a33 Bullocks are the main source of farm power. The relatively small size of holdings and of individual paddy fields are not conducive to mechani- zation. Frequent shortages of diesel fuel also make farmers reluctant to invest in expensive machinery. Farmers will continue to rely on available bullock power which averages one pair per 2.4 ha in MRP and 4.0 ha in HB command areas. Mechanical threshers are becoming popular with the extension of electrification,

2.34 Credit. The organization of institutional credit to farmers follows the usual pattern in India. The cooperative banks provide short (up to one year) and medium term credit (one to five years) to farmers through primary cooperative societies. The societies are organized on a three-tier basis with the State Cooperative Bank at State level, District Cooperative Banks (DC) at District level (two DCBs in the project area) and Primary Credit Societies (PCS) at village level. There are 860 PCSs in the project area. Long-term loans (over five year term) are available to farmers through the Land Develop- ment Banking system. Credit is also available through the Commercial Banks (68 and 50 branches in Raipur and Bilaspur Districts, respectively) and the Regional Rural Banks (17 in Raipur District and 26 in Bilaspur District). Small Farmers' Development Agency (SFDA) programs are operated in both Dis- tricts serving about 63,000 participants.

2935 Marketing of agricultural produce is less developed in MP than in many other States. During the Sixth Plan period, a regulated market, or at least a market yard, is planned for every community development block. In the project area, the MRP scheme is served by 9 regulated markets and 8 sub-markets of which the most important are at Raipur, Navapara, Dhamtari and Bhatapara. The HB scheme is served by eight regulated markets and sub-markets, the most important being at Akaltara, Champa, Mungeli and Shakti. The present marketing facilities are considered to be adequate for the project.

2.36 Processing. Raipur district has about 130 rice mills of which only about one third are utilized in average production years. Eighteen mills in the cooperative sector are of the modern type equipped with rubber rollers. in addition, there is adequate capacity in villages to process paddy for local consumption. Bilaspur district also has a considerable excess of capacity with about 120 rice mills of which 16 are in the cooperative sector. There are five bran extraction plants in or close to the project area and other facilities include flour, oil, and pulse mills which can handle existing production. Processing facilities, with on-going expansion plans, are adequate for the project period. - 15 -

III. THE PROJECT

Project Formulationand Objectives

3.01 The project was formulatedin the 1970s by the technicaldepartments of GOMP and was reviewed and cleared at that time by the Central Water Commis- sion (CWC) of GOI. Bank involvementstarted in May 1979 when WAPCOS 1/ were retained by GOMPto prepare a Feasibility Report for the project on their behalf (to Bank standards). It quickly became evident that considerable updating and revision to designswould be necessary if the project objectives set by GOMP were to be fulfilled and the sunk investmentsin the project area were to be fully utilized. The main shortcomingsin the original COMP proposal were that crop water requirementswere under-estimated,system efficiencies were too optimistic,insufficient regulation was provided, and the distribution system was incomplete. There was also little considerationfor the need for complementaryinvestments in developmentareas such as village roads, farming system research and water management.

3.02 Following the revision of the originalGOMP project concepts,both MRP and HB schemes will now be designed for more modern irrigation service which should result in a gradual transformationfrom the traditionalbroadcast method of planting kharif paddy (biasi)to the transplantingof HYV (see para 2.22). Most of the varieties introducedunder the project are expected to be of short duration (120-135days). This change is expected to about double the present crop yields with transplantedHMY's expected to cover about 70% of the area at full development.

3.03 The priorities for use of reservoirwater in the two schemes have been set by GOMP. Priority would be given to industrial and urban supplies; water available in the reservoirsfor irrigationuse would then be allocated to mature the late kharif paddy if the monsoon ends early with adequatewater being set aside for early transplantingof paddy in the followingkharif season. Residualwater quantities in the reservoirs at the end of the rainy season which have not been allocated to industrialand urban users would be allocatedfor rabi crops. This would mean that the rabi area which can be irrigated annually would vary with the amount and distributionof rainfall from year to year. Storagewater available for rabi irrigationin MRP command will be less than in the HB command. As rainfall is also somewhat higher in the HB command and more storage per area developedwill be available; thus a higher percentage of early transplantedpaddy will be possible in HB command, together with more rabi cropping and the growing of some perennials and hot weather crops.

3.04 The pattern of water use in the areas already under irrigation in the MRP and HB schemes is clearly influencedby the distributionof land holdings. Larger farmers normally have their holdings at the head reaches of the distributionsystem, with heavier concentrationof small and poor farmers

1/ Water and Power ConsultancyServices, an undertaking of the Government of India. - 16 - at the tailends where water supply is unreliable and insufficient. The conveyance systems to be constructed under the project would be designed so that water could be supplied in a timely and reliable manner to all areas of the command. The canal system down to the 40 ha outlets would be lined except where such lining is found to be unnecessary, in order to reduce conveyance losses, the time of transmission of flow and to facilitate the operation of the surplus. The canal systems would be provided with sufficient cross- regulators and measuring weirs to enable effective water distribution to be made. Conveyance of water between the 40 ha outlets and the 8 ha turnouts will continue in earthen ditches until such time as the benefit of lining these sub-minor channels can be confirmed for the range of physical conditions throughout the project areas. 1/

3.05 The project will be designed to:

(a) complete planned storage reservoirs needed to fully develop available water resources and serve the projected command areas; (b) enlarge canal capacities to meet peak water requirements and provide sufficient control structures so that the canal systems can respond adequately and efficiently to the changing seasonal and annual water demands; (c) reduce existing outlet commands to serve about 40 ha; (d) line all feeder, main and branch canals. Distributaries and minors which bring water down to outlets serving an area of some 40 ha each would also be lined except where found unnecessary as a result of tests and observations that would indicate that lining would be uneconomical in these reaches (e.g. solid rock, impervious soils, etc.); (e) extend the conveyance system beyond the 40 ha outlet down to turnouts serving about 8 ha; and (f) improve the implementation and management capabilities of the executing agencies (Irrigation Department).

Agreement has been reached with GOMP that it would implement the project works in accordance with the agreed planning criteria, design and construction standards and operational procedures acceptable to IDA.

3.06 To promote better water use at the farm level, the project also supports research activities and a program for construction of channels and on-farm development below the 8 ha turnouts (para 3.26). Monitoring and evaluation will be introduced to provide continuous feedback to project designers and operating personnel.

3.07 The schemes would take about 15 to 20 years to develop fully. At present, uncertainties still exist in estimating (i) the actual conveyance

1/ A comprehensive program for lining these small channels has been included in the project so that their performance and farmer response can be monitored and evaluated. - 17 -

and operationalefficiencies achievable with the new design standardsand operationalprocedures; (ii) crop water requirementswith respect to the contributionof effective rainfall and the practicalityof spreadingcrop planting dates; and (iii) the changes that farmers would introduce in the design cropping patterns, as a result of a more reliable and timely water supply. To reduce these uncertainties,a flexible approach to project design has been adopted. Constructionof the main canal networks would be carried out in stages with initial canal capacitiesbased on water requirementscal- culated from the estimatedfuture cropping patterns but allowing for the projected gradual increase in the areas irrigated. However, the structures along the canals would be designed to allow passage of larger flows. 1/ In the future, if necessary, the channel design is such that the canals can be enlarged at relativelylow cost to carry larger peak flows (SDV, Annex 9).

Water Supply and Demand (SDV, Annex 7)

3.08 The water supply for the MRP and HB schemes is obtained from river flows which are regulatedby a complex of storage reservoirs and feeder canals in the upper Mahanadi River basin. The water balance studies are based on a 30-year rainfall and streamflow correlations. They take into account upstream irrigationuse, domestic and industrialwater demand, effective rainfall, reservoirinflows, evaporationand spills, and estimated irrigationdemands in the command areas. Crop water requirementshave been calculatedin accordance with FAO PublicationNo. 24 utilizing the modified Penman method of estimating potential evapotranspirationand relating to the projected cropping patterns. Reservoir operation studies were conductedto establishmonthly shortageswhich would be likely to occur over a 30-year period. For the MRP scheme, the reservoir studies indicate that serious water shortagesin the kharif season at full development(Table T-6) that would adversely affect paddy yields in about 5 out of 30 years. For the HB scheme, the water balance indicates serious shortages for only one year out of 30 years for the kharif paddy crop (Table T-7).

3.09 Groundwaterand small surface tanks could have an important role to play in the developmentof the schemes. In particular,groundwater and tank water could supply rice nurseries before project canals are opened for kharif irrigation. It is also expected that groundwaterwill play an increasingly important role for rabi and hot weather irrigationand provide good quality village water supplies.

Project Scope

3.10 The project would finance a five-year time slice of an on-going developmentprogram. Constructionworks would be limited to the MRP and HB schemes which at full developmentin 15 to 20 years would serve about 374,0002/ and 255,000 ha, respectively. Detailed planning and design work

1/ Constructionof structures to pass peak discharge at full development increases initial project costs by less than 1.0%.

21 See para 2.09. - 18 - will be done for the Arpa scheme which would command about 73,000 ha. The main works included in the five year time slice and the works remainingafter the time slice to full developmentare:

Present Status at Works in Progress Status of End of IDA or Remaining Scheme Item Unit Completion Time Slice After Time Slice

MRP Sondur Dam % /a 32 100 - Pairi Dam % /a - 2 98 Rudri Diversion Weir % /a - 97 3 Lined Feeder Canals km - 46 75 Lined Main Canal km - 49 67 Lined Branch Canals km - - 299 Block Development to 8 ha with lined canals to 40 ha /b '000 ha - 69 305 Lining of canals 40 to 8 ha '000 ha - 3 371 /c Minor Drainage '000 ha - 69 305 Improvement of Rural Roads km n.a. 390 /d Construction of New Village Roads km

HB Bango Dam % /a 8 62 30 Lined Main Canals km 6 56 36 Lined Branch Canals km - 57 135 Block Development to 8 ha with lined canals to 40 ha /b '000 - 85 170 Lining of canals 40 to 8 ha '000 - 5 251 /c Minor Drainage '000 85 170 Improvement of Rural Roads km n.a. 234 /d Construction of New Village Roads km 48

/a Percentage of estimated cost. lb An irrigation block (typically 3,000-5,000 ha) consists of one or more distributary canals together with minor canalization and drainage channels. /c GOMP has only committed to carry out lining of sub-minor channels under the first five year time slice; the remaining program would be subject to further evaluation. /d To be determined after further surveys and investigations.

Project Components

3-1 51 The principal components included in the project time slice are as follows: - 19 -

(a) MRP Scheme. Completion of the Sondur Dam, preliminaryworks on Pairi Dam together with some works required for additional improvementson three existing dams (Murumsilli,Dudhawa and Sikasar). Constructionof a new diversionweir at Rudri serving Mahanadi Main Canal; constructionof about 46 km of feeder canals; remodellingof about 49 km of main canal; blocks development of about 69,000 ha of canal distributionsystem down to 40 ha outletswith unlined sub-minors to 8 ha turnouts together with minor drainage works; lining of sub-minorswithin the block developmentareas serving about 3,000 ha; and improvement of about 390 km of all weather rural roads;

(b) HB Scheme. Constructionwork on the Bangc High Dam; construction,and remodellingof about 113 km of main and branch canals; block developmentand minor drainage serving about 85,000 ha; lining of sub-minorswithin the block development areas serving about 5,000 ha; improvementof about 234 km of all weather rural roads; and constructionof about 48 km of new village roads;

(d) research for irrigated crop improvementand better water use on individual farms;

(e) a statewidenetwork of hydrologicalstations to improve the data base for planning future irrigationprojects;

(f) Arpa Scheme. Detailed planning and design;

(g) technicalservices, includinguse of consultantsto assist GOMP with planning,design, implementation,operation and maintenanceof the schemes; and

(h) monitoring and evaluation.

Detailed Description

3.12 Dams and Weirs (Table T-8). In the MRP Scheme, constructionactivi- ties on the partially completed Sondur Dai which is at present about 32% complete. The dam will store some 180 Mm and comprisesearth embankments, a masonry non-overflowand spillway section. The original design allowed for four radial gates on the spillway crest. Recent design flood calculations indicated the need for a fifth gate which has been installed. Preliminary works Iould commence on the Pairi Dam designed for a reservoir storage of some 420 Mm . Additional design work will be carried out and resettlementfrom the rSservoir area would be planned. A new weir with diversion capacity of 375 m /sec will be constructedupstream of the existing Rudri weir for diverting river flows into the enlarged Mahanadi Main Canal. Parapet walls will be constrictedto increase the freeboard on Murumsilli jam (storage capacity 162 M4m) and on Dudhawa dam (storage capacity 284 Mm ). Works on the - 20 - existing Sikasar dam would include rehabilitation work of the spillway section; in addition r dial gates are being installed to increase storage volume from 136 to 266 Mm . Also a parapet wall will be constructed to improve dam safety by increasing the freeboard.

3.13 In the HB Scheme, construction activities would continue on the Bango Dam. About 8% of construction3is already complete. The dam will ha;e a storage capacity of about 3,050 Mm and comprises a masonry main section (698 m in length) and three earth saddle dams with a combined crest length of 1,990 m. Provision would be made for penstocks to serve three power units each of 40 M1W.

3.14 Dam Safety. Improvements in the design and construction methods of the dams have been recommended by GOI and IDA to GOMP and will be implemented. Existing dams within the scheme areas have been found adequate subject to minor modifications (see SDV, Annex 8). To ensure the safety of the dams submitted for financing under the project, a panel of experts 1/ has been constituted by GOMP with qualifications, experience and terms of reference acceptable to IDA. Agreements have been reached with GOMP that it would (i) maintain a Dam Review Panel which has been set up with qualifications, experience and terms of reference acceptable to IDA; (ii) the panel would review the plans and designs of the dams and their associated structures, and would conduct periodic reviews, during design and construction, to examine whether any new grounds for making changes in the design of the dam have become apparent; (iii) after construction, have the dams and related structures submitted for financing under the project, periodically inspected to determine any deficiencies that might endanger their safety, and (iv) propose appropriate inspection arrangements for IDA review not less than one year before the expected completion of each dam.

3.15 The Panel's role is not to be viewed as one of assisting or guiding the ID, since responsibility for proper design and construction, including quality control, rests with GOMP. Rather, it should be considered as a review body of technical experts whose judgement and opinions on particular actions by the project administration would carry considerable weight in the evaluation of proposed actions.

3.16 MRP Feeder Canals (Table T-9). Feeder canals would be designed to a capacity required to efficiently operate the parent reservoirs (Chart C-l). The canals would be lined to reduce losses and to provide a cost effective cross section. Adequate control structures would be provided to enable direct command areas to be served. Bridges and cross drainage structures would be constructed along the alignment of the canals. The feeder canals to be constructed under the project would include:

(a) Completion of Sondur Feeder Canal to enable storage from Sondur reservoir to be passed to Dudhawa reservoir for use

1/ Terms of reference for the Dam Safety Panel are given in Annex 2(b). - 21 -

in MRP command area through RavishankarReservoir; the canal would be 15 km in length and pass about 28 M /sec.

(b) Completion of Mahanadi/TandulaFeeder Canal to link RavishankarDam with the Tandula canal system and pass supplies to industrialusers (Bhilai Steel Works) and domestic users (Raipur and Bhilai towns). Th canal would be 42 km in length and carry about 20 M /sec.

(c) Preliminaryworks on the Pairi Feeder Canal to enable trans- fer of storage from Pairi reservoirto Rudri diversionweir for use in the Mahanadi Main Canal System.

3.17 Main and Branch Canals. In the MRP scheme, the project would remodel and line about 49 km of the main canal. A flexible approach of staged con- structionwould be adopted for channelswith capacities above 40 m3/sec. During the first stage development,canals would be constructedwith capacities related to about 280 m3/sec diversionat the head 1/ of the Mahanadi Main Canal. The main canal is designed so that it can be enlarged in the future to about 375 m3/sec. Improved control and adequate escapes enables encroach- ment on the lined freeboardof the canals for short periods of peak demand. For channelswith a carrying capacity less than about 40 M3/sec, encroach- ment on the lined freeboardwould accommodatepeak dischargesfor the fully developed project. All structures would be designed to pass discharges related to 375 m3/sec at the head regulator of the Mahanadi Main Canal.

3.18 In the HB scheme, the project would remodel and line about 97 km of main and branch canals on the right bank and construct about 16 km on the left bank. Canals would be designed for the equivalent of about 117 m3/sec at the main canal head diversion on the right bank and about 138 m3/sec at the main canal head of the left bank. 2/

3.19 All main and branch canals in the project would be lined to: (i) reduce seepage losses particularlyduring the rabi seasons; (ii) to reduce maintenance needs; and (iii) to improve operationalefficiency. In addition, lining of canals will reduce the channel section compared to earthen channel of the same discharge capacity resulting in cost saving of structures,land acquisitionand earthworks. The type of lining used for main and branch canals would depend on channel capacity, availabilityof materials and the constructionmethods most appropriateto the site. Generally, the lining would be of 75 mm thick "in situ" concrete (1:3:6)both for bed and side slopes laid on 100 gauge polythene sheets. Selected "murrum"backfill would be provided if the channel alignmentpasses through soils with swelling properties.

I/ Equivalent to about 0.9 1/sec/ha at the head diversion of the Mahanadi Main Canal for the command area of 340,000 ha.

2/ This is equivalent to about 1.0 1/sec/ha at the main canal head diversion for 117,000 ha of the right bank command and 138,000 ha of the left bank command. - 22 -

3.20 Canal DistributionSystems. The irrigation systems below branch canals consist of distributarycanals, minors and sub-minors. Typically, a distributarycanal commands an area of about 2,000 ha. A distributaryconveys water to minors, each serving on average 200-250 ha. Areas served by a minor would be sub-dividedinto outlet commands ("chaks")of about 40 ha. Water from a minor would be supplied to these chaks through gated outlet structures. Sub-minorswould convey water from the 40 ha outlets to turnouts commanding about 8 ha. The developmentof the distributionsystem would be on a block- by-block I/ basis with each block constructedso that it is fully operational on completion. In the first time slice of five years, about 69,000 ha would be fully developed in the ikP scheme and 85,000 ha in the RB scheme. Detailed design criteria for the canal distributionsystems is given in the SDV, Annex 9.

3.21 Distributariesand minors would be lined (see 3.05(d)) . Generally the channel sides would be lined with precast concrete slabs 5 cms thick laid on a 20 mm cement-mortarbed over a thin polythene sheet; joints would be filled with 1:4 cement-sandmortar. The channel bed would be in-situ concrete. Field testing of various types of lining would continue throughout the project period and specificationswould be modified if improvementsare necessary or a more cost effective design proves to be practical. Since the benefits of lining sub-minors in paddy areas have not been confirmed, the program of lining sub-minorswould initially be limited to about 8,000 ha under the project so that design specifications,costs and benefits of this program can be evaluated (see para 3.33). The program would be undertaken where lining of sub-minors is likely to be most beneficial (such as the Abdanpur Lift Irrigation Scheme) and to demonstratethe component as widely as possible throughout both MRP and HB scheme areas.

3.22 Drainage. Main drainage exist in the form of natural waterways. However, minor drainage channels from the terraced paddy fields are required to remove expeditiouslyexcess rainfall during the monsoon season. Drainage ditches would have capacitiesof about 10 1/sec/ha. Link drains would be provided where necessary to remove the water to nearest drainage ways. Under the project, minor drainage would be provided for completedirrigation blocks (154,000ha). Bridges and culverts would be provided to maintain access.

3.23 Canal Structures (Table T-9). Most of the canal structures in the existing irrigatedareas, except for some major drainage structures,bridges and culverts,have reached the end of their useful life, or have been designed to standardswhich do not enable the regulation required for the efficient distributionof water. Also the substantialincrease in peak canal discharge and change in canal cross sectionswill make most structuresunsuitable for further service. Concurrentwith the canal modernizationand lining programs, all canals would be provided with (i) modern flow regulating structures; (ii) drops and bridges; (iii) escapes; and (iv) sufficient flow measuring devices. Design criteria are summarized in SDV, Annex 9.

I/ "Block-by-block" development would be undertaken concurrently with the major works program so that in each irrigation block, all the infrastructure down to the 8 ha turnouts would be completed before work commences on a new block. - 23

3.24 Road Networks. The project would improve and extend about 672 km of rural roads to provide adequate access for farmers, transport of agricultural inputs and for marketing of produce. A detailed descriptionof road planning criteria and design standards is given in SDV, Annex 10.

3.25 The roads would be planned to enable: (i) all parts of the command area to be brought within about 3 km of an all-weatherroad; and (ii) all villages with 1,500 or more population to be linked by all-weatherroads to existing main road systems. Project roads would be designed and constructed as all-weatherroads in accordance with Indian koads Congress (IRC) standards and specifications. Pavementswould be of waterboundmacadam construction with the addition of a 20 mm pre-mix bitumen carpet and a seal coat on selected sections of the roads. The right-of-waywould normally be 25 m but this may be reduced in cultivated areas to some 15 m. The minimum formationwould be 7.5 m with pavement widths of 5.5 m and 3.5 m, respectively,for double and single lane roads.

3.26 Sub-chak Channels. The project would provide for the construction of channels from the turnouts serving the 8 ha sub-chaks to individual farms or to 2 ha borders where individualholdings are small and also for construction of drains as required. The program, covering about 13,500 ha in the MRP scheme and about 2,000 ha in HB scheme will evaluate and demonstrate the benefits of deliveringirrigation supplies to indiv:idualfarms in the kharif and rabi seasons.

3.27 Farming Systems Research (SDV, Annex 11). In the past, research on irrigatedagriculture in the Chattisgarhregion has concentratedmainly on developmentand testing of new rice varieties for rainfed conditionsand for existing project conditionswhere water is supplied to suit a broadcasted paddy crop. Only limited attentionhas been given to better farm practices for the future. The project provides for a program of adaptive research to be conductedprincipally on farmers fields, to identify and demonstratenew cultural techniquesand practices. The program is similar to that devised by the InternationalRice Research Institute (IRRI). Two field sites (each covering at least a 40 ha area) would be establishedin both MRP and RB scheme areas.

3.28 StatewideHydrological Network (SDV, Annex 13). Funds are included under the project to establish a statewide network of recording rain gauges, stream gauging and silt recording stations. Emphasis will be given to con- verting existing stage recordingstations which have obsolete measurement proceduresinto modern stationswhich can accuratelymeasure run-off and record flow rates. Sediment determinationswould be made at selected key stations. Each existing station or new site would be provided with either a cable way, or a boat (if a highway bridge is not available) and modern equipmentwill be installed for measuring and recording stream discharge. A Directorate for Hydrometeorologywould be establishedin the Irrigation Department to analyze and process hydrologicaldata and provide technical assistanceand supervisionto field personnel operating the stations. In addition to equipmentand constructioncosts, financingwould be provided for incrementalstaff necessary to implement the network at the State level and in four river basin headquarters. - 24 -

Arpa Scheme Preparation

3.29 The project would provide finance to undertake the additional surveys and investigations of the Arpa scheme so that detailed scheme preparation can be completed. The works would include survey and investigation of the main dam site and major structures on the main canals. In addition, the scheme command area would be surveyed and detailed irrigation layouts prepared to the same standards as MRP and HB schemes. Apart from preliminary works, such as access roads to the dam site, implementation of the Arpa scheme is not scheduled within the time-slice financed under the project.

Operation and Maintenance Facilities

3.30 The project would provide a modern communication network for the reservoirs and irrigation systems in both MRP and hB schemes. Equipment would include radio communications and telemetering to connect all reservoirs, main control points on the distribution system and the management centers. Equip- ment and vehicles for efficient operation and effective maintenance of the schemes would also be provided. Buildings would be constructed for use during the construction stage and located so that they can be handed over to O&M staff when construction works are completed. Funds for the O&M facilities are included in the civil works costs of MRP and _B schemes, respectively, since equipment and buildings will be used during the construction stage and handed over to management units as works are commissioned. Detailed lists of equipment are given in SDV, Annex 14.

3.31 Technical Assistance (Annex 2). In its Sixth Plan, GOHP has committed itself to a significant increase in irrigation investments, consistent with the priorities in both State and National Plans. These commitments include the Medium Irrigation Project as well as the large inter-State projects--particularly in the Narmada Basin--which is also likely to be IDA-financed. This situation, combined with the fact that the Project Preparation and Monitoring (PPM) Cells in the ID and AD are in their infancy, will place a heavy burden on existing ID staff and may delay project implementation. Experience in MP as well as elsewhere in India has also indicated that constraints in implementation generally occur in the completion of the distribution system networks. In addition, the Irrigation Department (ID) is at present seriously understaffed and the newly recruited irrigation engineers will not have adequate experience to plan, design and supervise construction of the project to the more modern standards required (see para 2.17). There- fore, the project will finance the employment of locally recruited Indian consultants from both the public and the private sector as follows:

(a) General Consultants would assist the ID in the planning of the works; drawing up the yearly implementation programs; in data collection; evaluation for the planning and design of subsequent phases of project implementation (second timeslice). They will also assist the ID in evaluating how the groundwater potential in the project area can be developed, advise the ID on operation and maintenance of the systems, and assist in the preparation of O&M manuals. - 25 -

(b) The ID would contract with engineeringfirms to undertake the survey work and the planning and design of the irrigation and drainage systems below distributarycanal head regulators to be constructed in the irrigation blocks under MRP and HB schemes (154,000 ha).

Detailed Terms of Reference for the General Consultants and engineering firms are given in Annex 2 and the estimated costs are summarized in Table 7, Annex 4(a). Agreements has been reached with GOMP that it would retain engineering consultants with terms of reference, experience and qualifications acceptable to IDA to: (i) provide general planning assistance to the Irrigation Depart- ment as described in Annex 2; and (ii) undertake on a contract basis the survey, planning and design of the canal distribution systems and minor drainage serving about 154,000 ha in the command areas of MRP and HB schemes.

3.32 The MP Medium Irrigation Project (Cr. 1108-IN) has provided funds for a component which will represent the first stage of training for the management of irrigation projects in MP and could provide the basis for the establishment of a large-scale training institute at a later date. Funds have been provided under MP Major Irrigation Project for: (i) classroom courses particularly for the additional staff which will have to be recruited or trained to enable the implementation schedule to be met in a timely manner (see para 4.06); (ii) field visits to operating projects in MP, other States, and, for senior management and specialists, overseas; and (iii) for workshops/ seminars run by specialists/consultants so that the benefit of improved design, monitoring and evaluation of completed works and management techniques can be shared as widely as possible. The General Consultants (para 3.31) would assist and advise the ID on training requirements of the project.

3.33 Monitoring and Evaluation (SDV, Annex 12). The project would provide funds for equipment, vehicles and staff for project monitoring and evaluation and also for special studies using consultants and services from universities and research institutions in India. A detailed description of the activities is given in para 4.13.

Status of Project Preparation

3.34 Major works under the project including dams, diversion weirs and the channel and structures of main canals are designed as individual works. Detailed designs of works below branch canal head regulators are made using type 1/ designs for channels and structures adapted to suit actual site conditions. Once the block command areas are surveyed, irrigation and drainage layouts can be decided on topographic considerations, and detailed designs can be prepared using the type designs. The ID has prepared the type designs necessary for project implementation, based on design principles and criteria formulated by their Project Preparation Consultants. The type designs to be used under the project have been reviewed and approved by IDA. Sufficient

1/ A type design of a channel or structure is such that for a range of canal capacities, the design can be used throughout the project command areas with only minor modifications. - 26 - sample irrigation and drainage layouts have been prepared to estimate project costs. The ID has made provisions acceptable to IDA to ensure that detailed designs will be available in a timely manner to meet the project implementation schedule.

3.35 Of the major works, Sondur and Bango dams are under construction to designs which have been reviewed by IDA and will be checked out by the Dam Safety Panel. Detailed project preparationhas been completed for the feeder, main and branch canals to be undertaken in the first year of the project (upto June 30, 1982). Of the major works, only Rudri weir (MRP scheme) is at a preliminarydesign stage but constructionof this structure is not scheduled to commence until about January 1983. The ID expects to complete the detailed design of Rudri weir by harch 1982 for review by IDA. About 12,000 ha of block developmentwould be constructedunder the project during the first year in areas where irrigation layouts have been prepared and earthworks and structures are under construction. Designs of this on-going constructionprogram have been modified to conform to project design criteria. The additional survey required to finalize the layouts of the irrigation systems below the 40 ha outlet will be completedby December 1981. The works below the 40 ha outlet would be implementedunder small piecework or rate contracts (see para 3.40) during the first year of construction.

ImplementationSchedule (Chart C-2)

3.36 The project would be implementedover five years from July 1, 1981 to June 30, 1986. The main constructionseason is from September to May, although certain activities,particularly on major works, can continue throughout the monsoon season. Provisionalschedules of individualworks to be implementedin the first year of constructionare given in SDV, Annex 14.

3.37 In the past, utilization of water has been slow and inequitable after the completion of the main conveyance system. This was because the minor distributionsystem was not constructedfully or concurrentlywith water being available in the main and branch canals. In many cases, when minor systems were built, they were planned, designed and constructedto low standards, without adequate survey work and with insufficientattention to the quality of service that the minor irrigation system should provide. As a result water does not reach the lower ends of the system and the "tailender" problem resulted. Similar problems occur within the individual chaks (40 ha to 200 ha) throughout the irrigation systems. Under the project, the distribution system would be remodelledand constructedon a block-by-blockbasis concurrentlywith completion of the main system. Once constructionof the minor system is completed,water can be delivered to the 8 ha turnouts within the blocks in a reliable and timely manner. Constructionwork would be scheduledwith a minimum interruptionof water deliveries to existing irrigation systems. Farmers will be informed of canal closures at least one crop season ahead to enable them to make suitable adjustmentsin their cropping patterns.

3.38 The road constructionprogram would be concentratedin the areas where irrigationblocks are to be developed (154,000 ha). Upgrading of existing roads would be decided after a detailed survey of their condition. - 27 -

Since this data is not complete, appropriate surveys and investigations would be undertaken in the first year of the project and the road program would be reviewed on an annual basis.

Cost Estimates

3.39 The total project cost, over the five-year time-slice, is estimated at US$439 M including taxes and duties which are insignificant. This includes a foreign exchange component of about US$63 M or 14% of project cost. The provision for physical contingencies range between 7% and 20% depending on the status of designs and average at 11% for all civil works. Engineering, design and administration is estimated at about 12% of the civil works cost and include costs of engineering services retained by the ID for survey, planning and design (para 3.31). Detailed costs of all civil works and equipment have been updated to reflect July 1981 contract prices. Expected price increases during the project period are taken as 9.5% in 1981, 8.5% in 1982 and 7.5% thereafter. Cost estimates are given in Tables T-10 through T-13, detailed in Annex 4 and summarized below:

Percentage of Local Foreign Total Base Cost _ _ uS$ M------%N_ __

IrrLgation Components /a MRP Scheme 89.5 17.4 106.9 38.2 HB Scheme 116.5 22.6 139.1 49.6 Arpa Scheme /b 2.0 - 2.0 0.7 Sub-Total 208.0 40.0 248.0 88.5

Other Items Roads 16.0 2.8 18.8 6.7 Sub-chak Channels 2.0 - 2.0 0.7 Farming Systems Research 1.6 - 1.6 0.6 Statewide Hydrological Network 7.0 1.8 8.8 3.1 Technical Services 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 0.5 - 0.5 0.2 Sub-Total 27.6 4.7 32.3 11.5

Base Cost 235.6 44.7 280.3 100.0

Engineering and Administration 34.8 -- 34.8 12.4 Physical Contingencies 26.3 5.0 31.3 11.2 Expected Price Contingencies 79.5 13.3 92.8 33.1

TOTAL PROJECT COST 376.2 63.0 439.2 156.9

/a Scheme costs include provision of O&M facilities (see para 3.30). 7W Project preparation including surveys and investigations.

Financing

3040 The proposed IDA credit of US$220 M would finance the foreign exchange component (US$63 M or about 14% of total project cost) and about 42% of local - 28 - cost. All expenditures would be met from GOMP's development budget which includes a GOI contribution. The credit would be made to GOI on standard terms. An assurance would be sought from GOI that it would make the proceeds of the credit available to GOMP on GOI's standard terms and arrangements for development assistance to the States. Agreements have been reached with GOMP, that: (i) sufficient resources (in particular scarce materials such as cement and steel) would be provided to execute the project in accordance with the implementation schedule (Chart C-2) and the project schedule of expenditures; and (ii) it would complete the MRP and HB schemes as soon as technically and financially feasible after the credit has been disbursed.

Procurement (SDV, Annex 14)

3.41 Civil works financed under the project would cost approximately US$322 million, excluding engineering and administration. Of this, about US$94 M or 29% of the civil works, would be let through International Compe- titive Bidding contracts (ICB), and about US$151 M (or 47%) would be let through Local Competitive Bidding contracts (LCB), and the remaining US$77 M4 (or 24%) would be let under piecework contracts or be carried out by GOMP's departmental forces. All ICB and LCB contracts, approximately US$245 million (or 76%) of the civil works, would be let on the basis of standardized documents and procedures recently developed by GOI's Central Water Commission and approved by the Bank Group. Works in excess of US$1.0 M would be subject to IDA's pre-action procurement review, 80% by value of the civil works, with the remaining subject to IDA post-review.

(a) ICB Contracts for Major Dam and MIain Canal Works (US$94 M). Works for dams and main canals in excess of US$6 M per contract would be let on the basis of ICB in accordance with the Bank Group's procurement guidelines. To encourage the participation of larger contractors, similar works would be packaged where practical for bidding. However, to gain the interest of smaller contractors, the bid package would be designed also to allow bidding for all or any part of the works. Indian contractors would be entitled to a 7.5% preference for the purpose of bid evaluation. Tender documents would specify this preference and the manner of its applica tion.

(b) LCB Contracts (US$142 M). These works would be individually small (less than US$6 M per contract), scattered over a large area, and carried out intermittently as determined by weather conditions and agricultural activities. They would therefore not be suitable for international tendering.

(c) On-Going Contracts (US$9 M). Six civil works contracts have been let between December 1980 when the project was appraised and July 1, 1981 when the five-year time-slice covered by the project was expected to start. These contracts were not suitable for ICB for the same reasons as described above and were let after LCB on the basis of CWC's standardized procedures - 29 -

and guidelines. An estimatedUSS9 M worth oE works is out- standing under such contracts. Works outstandingafter July 1, 1981 under such on-going contractswould be eligible for financing from the proposed credit.

(d) Non-ICB/LCBWorks (US$77 M). These works would also be individuallysmall and scattered,and their implementation would be governed by weather and agriculturalconditions. Because of these and other technical constraints,there would be a general lack of interest from contractorslocated outside the areas covered by the project. These works would thereforebe impracticalfor ICB or LCB tendering;most of them would instead be carried out under small piece-work or rate contracts. When required by safety or quality con- siderationsor when the quantities of work are difficult to estimate in advance, small works may be implementedby GONP's departmentalforces. Works executed departmentally or on the basis of piece-workor rate contractswould be limited to an aggregate of 25% of the civil works included in the project.

3.42 Equipment, Instrumentsand Vehicles (Table T-13) to be financed under the project would cost approximatelyUS$18 M excludingprice contingencies. All heavy equipmentwith an estimated cost of US$9 M, equivalent to 50% of the value of all equipment, instrumentsand vehicles included in the project, would be procured through ICB procedures A preference limited to 15%, or the prevailing customs duty if lower, would be extended to local manufacturersin the evaluation of bids. The equipment,instruments and vehicles would be grouped to promote efficiencyand attract competition; however, bids will also be accepted on individual schedulesto attract small manufacturers. The balance (US$9 i1)comprising light equipment, instruments and vehicles, would be procured locally in order that they could benefit from existing servicing and spare parts supply facilities. These units would be assigned throughout the project so accessabilityof spare parts and prompt service is essential. There is adequate domestic competitionand prices are reasonable. Standardizedprocedures and bidding documents developedby CWC and approved by IDA would also be used for the equipment, materialsand supplies.

Disbursements

3.43 Disbursementswould be made for: (i) 100% of the foreign expenditures for directly imported equipment; (ii) 100% for locally manufactured goods procured ex-factory;(iii) 70% for other locally procured goods; (iv) 100% of expenditure for farming systems research, technical services,the statewidehydrologic network and monitoring and evaluation;and (v) 60% of expendituresfor civil works. Disbursementsfor force account work and for payments of less than Rs .300,000under civil works contractsand Rs 150,000 for equipment, instrumentsand vehicles would be made against certificatesof expenditures,itemized by sub-project. Documentationfor these works would - 30 - be retained by GOMP and made available for inspection by IDA during review missions. Full documentation would be required for all other disbursements. The estimated schedule of expenditure, the semi-annual disbursement schedule and the proposed allocaton of the proceeds of the credit are presented in Tables T-14 to T-16. It is expected that disbursements would be completed by June 1987.

Accounts and Audits

3.44 The project would be subject to normal Government control and auditing procedures which are satisfactory. A resident Audit Officer, representing the State Accountant General (AG) would audit the project accounts. Although continuous and annual audits are carried out in a timely manner, the finaliza- tion is a lengthy process of the Statutory Audit Report presented to the Legislature. It would be essential therefore to have interim certified statements of account. Such statements certified by the AG or his designee supported by an itemized account and a summary of the expenditures would be submitted to IDA as soon as possible after the end of each fiscal year. Agreements have been reached with GOMP that it would: (i) maintain separate accounts on project expenditures (accounts would be maintained for each scheme); (ii) ensure that these accounts would be audited annually by the AG and the resulting interim statements of account would be submitted to IDA as soon as possible but not later than nine months after the end of each fiscal year; (iii) make complete accounts and financial statements available for inspection during IDA review missions; and (iv) ensure that sufficient auditing staff would be made available for this purpose.

IV. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

General

4.01 Implementation would be the responsibility of the following GOMP agencies: the Irrigation Department (ID) for irrigation components down to the 8 ha turnouts, the resettlement from reservoir areas (together with the Rehabilitation Department), and the statewide hydrologic network; the Agriculture Department (AD) for the sub-chak channels below the 8 ha turnouts; the Department of Public Works (PWD) for the project roads, and the Agriculture University for the farming systems research component. Coordination between agencies would be by the Command Area Development Authorities (CADA).

The Irrigation Department (ID)

4.02 Existing Organization. The ID in Madhya Pradesh is responsible for the planning, survey, design, construction, operation and maintenance of surface water irrigation and drainage works down to the 8 ha turnouts. The Secretary of Irrigation is the administrative head of the ID at the State level and is assisted by an Engineer-in-Chief (EC) and 16 Chief Engineers (CEs) who each report directly to the Secretary of Irrigation (Organization Chart C-3). The ID's organization is flexible and adjusted according to the work program. At present, 16 Chief Engineers have regional and/or functional responsibilities as follows: - 31 -

(a) Four regional CEs for planning,design, constructionand O&M of all major and medium projects within their river basin administrativeareas;

(b) Six project CEs for design, constructionand O&M of selected major projects (one of the four is responsiblefor HB scheme and one for MRP scheme);

(c) One CE for surveys, planning and investigationsof all major projects up to the "project report" (i.e., the feasibility) stage;

(d) Three CEs the Narmada Valley Development;

(e) One CE for groundwaterand lift irrigationprojects; and

(f) One CE for electricaland mechanical units and heavy constructionmachinery.

4e03 Each project CE has several circles, each headed by a Superintending Engineer (SE). A SE is responsiblefor three to five Divisions, each of which is headed by Executive Engineers (EEs). A Division in turn consists of three to five sub-divisionswhich are under the control of Assistant Engineers (AEs).

4.04 Designs of most dams and major canal structures (major cross-drainage works, etc.) are done in the offices of the project CEs, with some support from the Central Designs Organization(CDO) of the ID. More complicateddam designs such as the Bango Dam are done by the Central Water Commission (CWC) of GOI. Design units in the offices of the CEs carry out general layout and typical structure designs which are then supplied to circle and divisional offices. The design units at the SE level and in the divisions carry out individual structure or canal designs based on standard type designs. Although the detailed designs of dams and major structures in the irrigation systems are carried out in accordancewith sound engineeringpractices, there is considerable room for improvementin the design of the miinordistribution systems.

4.05 Proposed Organizationfor the Project. To :implementthe proposed improvementsin planning,design, constructionand operation, the ID will be strengthened. In each of the two schemes, MRP and HB, the following additional units would be established:

(a) A new Planning and Design Unit at the SE level to work with the General Consultants (see para 3.31) on the survey, layout and design of the distributionsystem of the irrigationblocks;

(b) A Quality Control Unit headed by a SE to check the quality of constructionand to ensure that site testing of construction materials and works are systematicallycarried out; and - 32 -

(c) A PerformanceMonitoring and Evaluation Unit (PME) headed by a SE to monitor project implementation,and to undertake experimentaland research programs on design standards, work procedures,etc.. (see para 4.14).

Agreements have been reached with GOMP that it would establish by December 31, 1981 in the CE's offices of both MRP and HB schemes, the followingadditional units: (i) a Planning and Design Unit; (ii) a Quality Control Unit; and (iii) a PerformanceMonitoring and Evaluation Unit, each unit with staffing patterns acceptable to IDA.

4.06 Staffing Requirements. The works of MRP, and HB schemes are presently being executed by two CEs, assisted by 6 SEs, 17 EEs and 64 AEs, with supporting staff. However, the two CEs are also in charge of schemes outside the project area. Based on the implementationschedule and workload norms fixed by GOMP, yearwise staff requirementsfor the project would be:

Category Existing 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86

CE 2 2 2 3 3 3 SE 7 16 16 21 21 21 EE 33 80 80 108 108 108 AE 137 312 312 452 452 452

The above table shows the substantialexpansion which must take place within the ID in order to complete the project works on time. An agreementhas been reached with GOMP that it would provide sufficient staff for the execution of the project in accordancewith the implementationschedule agreed with IDA.

The AgricultureDepartment (AD)

4.07 The AD would be responsiblefor constructionof sub-chak channels (para 3.26) under the project. The program would include constructionof channels and drains below the 8 ha turnouts and would be a continuationand expansion of the existing pilot projects which have been carried out in Bilaspur district. The AD would also be responsiblefor advising individual farmers with respect to on-farm works, and providing extension service and farm inputs (paras 2.28-2.36).

The Public Works Department (PWD)

4.08 The PWD would be responsiblefor the design, supervisionand maintenance of the roads component. All project road works would be executed by existing PWD Road Circles, each headed by an SE. The existing staff would be strengthenedas necessary (to be reviewed in year one of the project) with additional staff for audit control, work planning,monitoring and training, and maintenance. Maintenancewould also be the responsibilityof the PWD for all roads constructedor improved under the project. - 33 -

AgriculturalUniversity

4.09 The JawaharlalNehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (JNKVV)Agricultural Universitywould be responsiblefor the farming systems research component (para 3.27) under the project. The program would be coordinatedthrough the CAD and focus on the proposed changes in cultural practices. The project will provide timely and reliable supplies for both kharif and rabi crops and this will call for the developmentof new farming systems. The research will be done mainly by experimentingon farmers' fields in order to observe and evaluate the acceptance of proposed improvements.

Command Area DevelopmentAuthorities (CADA)

4.10 Existing Organization. At the State level, policy decisions are made by: (i) a Cabinet sub-committeecomprised of the Chief Minister and the Ministers of Finance, Agricultureand Revenue with the AgriculturalProduction Commissioner(APC) as Secretar.y;and (ii) a state-levelCoordination Committee headed by the APC. In order to strengthenthis latter Committee,GOMP created in December 1980, a CAD cell headed by a Special SecretaryAgriculture (Addi- tional APC) with some 50% of the costs borne by GOI. This cell is in charge of planning,monitoring and evaluatingCAD programs in all major irrigation projects in the State and has multi-disciplinarystaff includingIrrigation Engineers, Agriculturalistsand Economists/Statisticians.

4.11 At the project level, four CADAs have so far been established throughout the State. Chambal and Tawa were establishedin 1974 and Barna- Halali and Hasdeo-Kharung-Manyaniin 1980. At present, each CADA has only a small core staff which coordinatesactivities of the various GOMP departments operating in the various irrigation command areas. Funding for the operations are included in the specific budgets of the concernedDepartments (Revenue, Irrigation,Agriculture, Public Works, Cooperativesand Forestry). The local heads of these departmentsform a CAD Management Board chaired by the Commis- sioner of the Division. GOMP intends to set up six CADAs in major projects which have already been largely completed.

4.12 Organizationin the Project Area. In the project area, a CADA commenced functioningin 1980 with headquartersat Bilaspur and is responsible for HB scheme and the two nearby completed schemes. The DivisionalCommis- sioner is chairman of the CADA and is assisted by a full-time Project Admini- stratorwith supportingstaff. GOMP intends to set up a CADA for MRP scheme area in 1981. Under the project, the CADAs would also be responsiblefor some aspects of the monitoring and evaluation(paras 4.13-4.17).

Monitoringand Evaluation

4.13 A strong monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system would be essential to ensure a reliable assessment of project progress, for undertaking studies and investigationsrequired for project implementation,and for assessmentof project results. Data generated through M&E activitieswould also be essential for the preparationof future developmentphases. M&E activitieswould be conducted at two main levels: (i) the ID as the main implementingagency; and (ii) the CADAs establishedin MRP and HB scheme areas. - 34 -

4.14 M&E at ID Level. The emphasis of M&E activities at ID level would be as follows:

(a) Technical Aspects: project implementation, technical performance, design standards, specifications and cost effectiveness, alternative canal lining techniques including lining of minors, from the 40 ha outlet to 8 ha turnout, channel design standards including freeboard; and labor intensive construction methods;

(b) System Water Management, from reservoir to 40 ha outlet; and

Responsibility for M&E activities would be with the PME (para 4.05). To implement this program the ID would set up a Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Unit in each project headquarters (Raipur and Bilaspur) under the CEs (para 4.04). Assistance would be obtained from Universities or other agencies especially for the design of study programs and data analysis.

4.15 Water management studies would be undertaken in several areas (about 2,000-3,000 ha) within tRP and HB schemes such that sufficient data can be collected to reflect typical farmer response in both kharif and rabi seasons and be sufficient to analyze on a sound statistical basis. Subjects to be investigated would include: (i) the economics of lining sub-minors (from the 40 ha outlet to the 8 ha turnout); (ii) organization of water distribution at 40 ha outlet level; (iii) the effects of variation in the timing and reliability of water supply on farming practices; and (iv) factors affecting water requirement of paddy and other project crops.

4.16 M&E at CADA Level. Progress of project implementation would be followed through periodical reports prepared by the departments/agencies implementing the various project components. Monitoring and evaluation of project benefits at farm level would be carried out by making better use of data which is being regularly collected in on-going crop-cutting surveys; these surveys which are conducted annually, primarily for estimating crop production and yields, would be improved to provide the additional data required.

4.17 A monitoring and evaluation unit would be established in each CADA (para 4.11) for these purposes. To ensure the timely analysis of the data collected, some computerization of data processing would be necessary and has been provided for in the cost estimates.

4.18 Use of Consultants and Universities for M&E. Consultants would be used to improve crop cutting surveys, for introduction of computerized data analysis, preparation of computer programs and improvement of the reporting system. For sophisticated multi-variate data analyses, participation of universities and research institutions would be sought, especially the Ravishankar University at Raipur. Provisions have been made under the project to finance research programs conducted by senior post-graduate students and university staff on specialized subjects which could benefit the project or assist in preparation of future irrigation projects. - 35 -

4.19 An agreementhas been reachedwith GONP that it would establishby December 31, 1981, in each CADA, a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Unit with staffing patterns agreed by IDA.

Resettlement(SDV, Annex 8)

4.20 In the past, GOMP's procedures for resettlementfrom reservoirs administeredby the ID have been "ad hoc" and improvised. GOMP has recognized that these procedures are unsatisfactoryand, faced with the prospect of large new reservoir projects, has establisheda clear-cut policy for the rehabilitation and resettlement of persons whose lands come under submergence in irrigation projects. Draft legislation,which would codify the new practices,is currently pending before the State legislature. The overriding objectives of the new policy are: (a) to ensure fair compensationand continued livelihood to the displaced persons; (b) to elicit in the newly settled communitiesa participatingresponse of both displaced and host populationsfor minimizing hardships and rebuildingviable communities;and (c) to promote further economic and social developmentin the new communities. Replacement land is being offered on the basis of the previous holding size. Wherever required, schools, public buildings, roads, water supply, etc., will be provided. Transport of families to the new sites with all their householdbelongings is being offered. The Government appoints District Resettlementoffices to organize this work. RehabilitationCommittees, constituted under the chair- manship of Divisional Commissionersand comprising elected representatives from the affected areas, advise on all resettlementmatters. The Department of Rehabilitationheaded by a Secretary,has overall responsibility.

4.21 During the implementationperiod of the project, two reservoir areas would come under submergence: (i) the Sondur dam, due to be completed in 1984, would submerge about 300 ha of cultivatedland, which would involve some 190 families, and (ii) the Bango dam would, starting from 1986, submerge about 5,520 ha of cultivated land presently occupied by about 1,400 families.

4.22 For the purpose of resettlementof families displacedfrom areas submergedunder the project, GOMP has given assurances that it would: (i) not less than two years before causing submergenceof any land covered by the project, formulate a resettlementplan, including an implementationschedule agreed with the IDA; and (ii) as part of this resettlement plan, ensure that displaced families are offered land suitable for cultivation. Families,whose land had been under irrigation,will be given preferencein the allocation of irrigated land in the new areas.

Operation and Maintenance of the Irrigation Systems

4.23 In the kharif season, supplementaryirrigation would be provided to make up water shortages. Each distributarywill be operated as a unit and allowance made for localizedrainfall variations. At peak demand periods, all canals would run at full design discharge; at other times, main and branch canals would be operated on a varying dischargebasis with distributarysystems rotated to reflect the local area demand. Below the 40 ha outlet, the entire flow would be supplied to each 8 ha turnout in turn on a time rotation basis 36 - with time of flow proportional to the cultivable command area of the turnout. The turn would define the water right of the farmers within the 8 ha unit with respect to quantity and time of their collective turn in the rotational cycle. Distribution below the 8 ha unit for the kharif crop would follow the present field-to-field practice of irrigating rice except in the areas benefiting from sub-chak channels (para 3.26).

4.24 At present, there is very limited rabi irrigation (only in the MRP command area) and this tends to be concentrated near the head of the irrigation system. Under the schemes, both MRP and HB commands would provide rabi irrigation and some perennial water supplies would be available in the HB command area. Each year, the rabi irrigated area will vary depending on water retained in storage from the previous monsoon, after demands for industrial and domestic use and the carryover storage required to start the kharif rice in the following year have been allocated from the available supply. Each farmer would be notified of his water allocation early enough to plan for the rabi crop and told when the supply would be made available to him. The allocation would be based on: (i) availability of water at the end of the monsoon season; (ii) crop water requirements for the distributary under which the farmer is located; (iii) the size of his holdings; and (iv) the soil conditions.

4.25 At present, there are no completed works in MP designed to the project standards which are operational. Consequently, GOMP has not finalized requirements of staffing, equipment and facilities to ensure efficient operation and preventative maintenance of the project works. However, the project does provide for those equipment and facilities (see para 3.30) which need to be supplied during the time slice; it also provides for a comprehensive management study once sufficient works are completed for project O&M requirements to be finalized (see Annex 2). Agreements have been reached with GOMP that it would: (i) undertake a detailed management study to establish rules, procedures and requirements for the effective operation and preventative maintenance of the project schemes; and (ii) prepare the terms of reference of such a study by March 31, 1983 to be reviewed by IDA. In addition, an agreement has been reached with GOMP that it would promptly inform IDA of the annual financial and other allocations made for the operation and maintenance, separately for each of the MRP and HB schemes.

V. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, PRICES, FARM INCOMES AND COST RECOVERY

General

5.01 The project would support a five-year time-slice of an on-going development program that would command about 595,000 ha I/ at full development. The "present" and "future with project" situations in terms of average annual irrigated areas for MRP and HB schemes can be summarized as follows:

1/ Additional 34,000 ha in Pairi Command (MRP scheme) constitutes a self- contained irrigation area. Rehabilitation of the area would commence in about 1991. - 37 -

Scheme "Present Situation" "FutureWith Project" (at full development) Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Areas: Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated

MRP /a 150 224 - - 374 131 HB 210 45 - - 255 128

/a IncludingPairi IrrigationProject.

The project would substantiallyincrease agriculturalproduction through increased irrigatedarea and crop yields, resulting in higher and more regular rural incomes and employment opportunities. Investmentsfinanced under the project would also provide for industrialwater supplies for the thermal power stations and other industrialusers at Korba, for a steel plant at Bhilai and for municipal water requirementsof Raipur and Bhilai towns.

AgriculturalProduction

5.02 The present and projected future cropping patterns for MRP and HB schemes are given in Table T-17. Present agriculturalpractices are reviewed in paras 2.21 to 2.24 and reflect uncertain rainfall and unreliable irrigation water supply. Average paddy yields at present are low (about 1.4 tons/ha) and cultivationis virtually limited to the kharif season. The climatic risk factor is the principal constraint in farmers' use of modern high yielding varietieswhich require relativelycostly inputs of labor, seed, fertilizer and chemicals. The project would result in substantialchanges of the present production techniques especially in the kharif season. The main transforma- tion would be from the traditionalbroadcast method of planting kharif paddy (biasi), to the transplantingof short duration (120-135days) HYV paddy.

5.03 In the MRP scheme area the extent of rabi cultivationwould depend on water stored in the reservoirsby the end of the monsoon season which will vary with the amount and distributionof rainfall from year to year. The percentage of rabi irrigationwill therefore vary from nil to about 33% in the low monsoon years to exceed 60% in good monsoon years and should average about 35%. The amount of water available for rabi cultivationcan be made known to farmers only at the end of the kharif season. The uncertainty regardingthe scope of rabi cultivationwould be minimized through careful water storage management and good agriculturalextension service. Rabi cropping patterns most suitable under such conditionswould be developed through the farming systems research activities (para 3.27) and should result in developmentof optimal rabi cropping patterns before water for sizable rabi irrigatedareas becomes available in the 1990s.

5.04 In the HB scheme, more storagewould be availableper ha of area commanded and the average rainfall is slightly higher than in the MRP area. Consequently,a higher percentage of early transplantedpaddy would be possible and the area for rabi cropping would be higher than in MRP. Perennial crops (sugarcaneand bananas) can also be grown reusing water supplieswhich are primarily used for cooling thermal power stations and given on a priority - 38 - basis to industrial users. Water would also be available for some hot weather crops (groundnut, maize and summer mung).

5.05 Expected Future Development Without Project. The existing irrigated area in MRP scheme averages about 224,000 ha per annum. Completion of Dudhawa reservoir (first filled to full capacity in 1978) and Ravishankar (1979) reservoir have not yet been fully reflected in present crop production. For the purposes of project analysis, it has been assumed that with an adequate level of irrigation system management about 70,000 ha of the present irrigated area can be transformed to the "future" cropping pattern in the kharif season. The capacity of the existing main and branch canals and the amount of water available would compensate for existing system inefficiencies and enable such cropping transitions to take place. In addition, it has been assumed that about 24,000 ha of the existing area can be put to the "future" rabi cropping pattern (Table T-17) using surplus storage water immediately available to the MRP scheme area. In the case of HB scheme, it has been assumed that neither the cropping patterns nor crop yields would change from the present situation until Bango Dam is substantially complete (1986) because without storage, the transition to early transplanted kharif paddy cannot take place and water would not be available for rabi or perennial crops. Allowance has also been made for existing rainfed areas which are cultivated and will be lost under the project through submergence in reservoir areas or as land required to construct new irrigation works. The assumptions regarding the agricultural transition from the present to "future with project" situation are given in Annex 3.

5.06 The expected average annual increase in agricultural production resulting from works under the time-slice forming this project and for the whole project at full development are detailed in Table T-18 and summarized below. It has been assumed that in each irrigation block developed under the project, full crop production level would be reached 5-7 years after commence- ment of water delivery.

Incremental Production /a Resulting from Works Whole Project Crop in this Time-Slice at Full Development MRP HBP Total MRP HBP Total …('000 tons) ------…------

Paddy 97.5 130.0 227.5 542.1 433.2 975.3 Wheat 8.3 23.1 31.4 46.0 77.1 123.1 Gram 2.2 11.0 13.3 12.9 36.7 49.6 Banana - 45.9 45.9 - 153.0 153.0 Sugarcane - 321.3 321.3 - 1,071.0 1,071.0

/a Incremental production is the "Future with Project" minus "Future Without Project." (W - W)

Market Prospects and Prices

5.07 As indicated, paddy is the principal crop in the project area. Because the area is already a major exporter of rice, most of the incremental - 39 - production is likely to be be exported. The quality of the rice produced in the region is high making it suitable for export abroad. According to Bank projections,India will quite possibly be a net exporter of foodgrains in the near future. 1/ The project area could therefore become a major exporter of rice to foreign markets. In the State and the project area, there is an adequate system for marketing, storage and processing of agriculturalproduce with a capacitywhich exceeds present requirements(see para 2.32) which should be able to absorb without difficultiesthe increases in production expected to accrue over a 15 year developmentperiod. To facilitate a quick transition to export oriented production of rice when the need arises, the project would finance a study of the steps requiredwithin MP to achieve such a change. The study would examine topics such as testing of export varieties, processing and marketing. The study would be conductedby a University or research institutionusing funds providedunder the M&E component. 2/

5.08 Paddy Prices. The level of producer paddy prices could effect production level and the rate of transitionto improved farming techniques. The projectionsmade for this project indicate a considerablegap between the (higher) prices which could be realized through exportationof rice and the domestic price level (Table T-19). Although the level of domestic prices would be sufficient to induce farmers to adopt the improved agricultural technologyrequired to achieve the production and productivitylevels assumed under the project, it is clear that higher prices for exportable rice if passed on to the farmers could accelerate such transition. On the other hand, higher prices of rice would effect consumers and slow the process of agricultural diversification. It would be desirable, therefore, to reassess the pricing policy for paddy if export of rice from the project becomes significant.

Farm Incomes

5.09 The poor distributionand high variabilityof rainfall and the unreliablewater supply in the irrigatedareas are the major constraintsto agriculturalproduction. The general pattern observed is that large farmers normally occupy the head reaches of the distributionsystem, while the proportion of small and poor farmers increasestowards the tail ends where water supply becomes limited and is more unreliable. Provision of timely, reliable and equitable supplementaryirrigation during the kharif season and making water available for the rabi and hot weather seasons will have significant income distributioneffects (see para 2.14).

5.10 The effect of project activities on farm incomes was estimated through an analysis of farm budgets for typical 2.0 ha farm units for the MRP

1/ Economic Situation and Prospects of India, Report No. 3401-IN, April 15, 1981.

2/ It would be desirable to also have a country-levelstudy of the problems associatedwith export of rice such as: (i) the variabilityof world prices; (ii) the thin internationalmarket for rice; and (iii) the fact that some Indian varietiesmay not be easily marketed internationally. - 40 -

-nd HB schemes and are summarized below. The main qources of data were farm surveys and district statistics. Prevailing financial prices of inputs and outputswere used. Input requirements,crop budgets and typical farm budgets are given in Tables T-20 to T-23 respectively.

Farm Incomes /a "Future Without "Future With Relative Increase "Present" Project" Project" due to Project

W W W W x 100

MRP Scheme Presently Irrigated /b Area 2,220 3,660 8,260 126 New irrigated area 1,940 2,840 8,260 191 HB Scheme Presently Irrigated Area 2,610 3,560 11,424 221 New irrigated area 2,050 2,780 11,424 311 Weighted average per ha 1,050 1,560 4,770 206

/a After deductionof water and land related charges. 7b Applicable to areas developed under the project which do not benefit from existing reservoir storage works (see para 5.05).

The increase in net farm incomes for MRP and HB schemes would range from 125% to 310% and average about 206%. In addition to these direct effects, the project would generate indirect benefits through a series of multiplier employment and income effects that would not be confined only to the project area. These, however, are difficult to estimate and were not included in this analysis.

Impact on Rural Poverty

5.11 The project would significantly reduce the incidence of poverty in the command areas. This is demonstratedin the followingtable which compares the percentage of farm families with incomes below the poverty line with and without the project. The estimates have been derived using the distribution of farm sizes and estimates or net farm income per ha and can be summarized as follows:

% of ParticipatingFarm Families Below Poverty Line /a Future With Present Project

MRP Scheme 60 20 HB Scheme 80 17

/a The estimated absolute poverty line is Rs 780 per annum (in 1981 prices). - 41 -

This analysis indicates that the anticipatedincrease in return per irrigated ha at full developmentstage would raise net income of most farm families above the poverty line.

5.12 Income levels of landless laborers in the scheme areas are generally lower than incomes of small farmers. The effects of the project on incomes of rural landless are difficultto forecast but would be substantial,particularly as the demand for farm labor increases. Experience in similar projects indicates that the number of employment days of an average landless worker would increase by more than 50% as a result of the intensificationsof agricultural production which accompaniesthe introductionof reliable irrigation services. The income of hired laborers would also increase as a result of higher wages paid in irrigated farming which are about 25% higher than those paid for rainfed farming operations (presentlyabout Rs 4.30 per day compared with Rs 3.40 per day).

Cost Recovery

5.13 Water and Water-RelatedCharges. Current water rates vary from Rs 25/ha for kharif foodgrain (other than paddy) to Rs 100/ha for sugarcane and perennial tree crops and are Rs 60/ha for paddy (Table T-24). For the present cropping pattern in MRP and HB schemes, the annual water charge would averages about Rs 45/ha of net CCA. In addition,a cess of Rs 12/ha is levied on the total CCA and a tax is levied on land under commercialcrops at Rs 10/ha for sugarcane and tobacco and Rs 5/ha for cotton and groundnut. The Irrigation Act 1/ provides for collection of a betterment levy from farmers benefitting from irrigation,amounting to 3% per annum of developmentcost per ha in the first five years and 4.5% in the next ten years. However, there have been legal complicationsin its enforcementand GOMP is not collecting the levy. Water for industrialand domestic purposes is charged on a volumetricbasis (Table T-24).

5.14 Other AgriculturalTaxes. 2/ Since incomes in the agriculturalsector are much lower than in the manufacturingand service sectors, the annual rate of agriculturaltaxation (mainly land revenue) is relativelymodest amounting to about Rs 15-20 per ha. More important,from a revenue point of view, is the agriculturalsales tax which is levied on agriculturalproduce at the following rates: Crop Rate

Foodgrains 3% Pulses 5% Oilseeds 4.5% Fruit 6% Vegetables 6%

1/ Madhya Pradesh IrrigationAct, 1931 (amended in 1956); the Supplementary Rules were last revised in 1974 and relate to traditionaldesign objectives. 2/ GOMP's finances are reviewed in "Madhya Pradesh State Planning and Finances", by ChristineWallich, October 1979, India Programs Division, World Bank. - 42 -

5.15 Present Level of Cost Recovery. Water rates for surface irrigation are uniform throi7hout the State. Although low compared with other States, the direct charges (water rate, cess and land revenue) as a percentage of the incremental net income, averages 54% for MRP scheme and 34% for HB scheme. On a percentage basis, the average rent realized under the present level of irrigation services in the project area amount to 45% for MRP scheme and 23% for HB scheme (Table T-25). As in most other irrigation projects in India, irrigation benefits in the project area are negatively correlated with the distance from the head reach. 1/ The incremental net income and rent from irrigation accrued to "tail enders" who usually belong to the poorest segments of the farming population is much lower than the average and the present charges already impose a heavy burden on them. Largely as a result of the poor irrigation service, the recovery rate of water charges in the State is low and during the last 5 years ranged from 23% to 59% with about 25% of the arrears collected each year. GOMP plans to increase the water rates considerably. However, it would be difficult to make farmers pay higher charges before irrigation benefits increase considerably and their distribution becomes more reliable and equitable.

5.16 The Potential for Increased Recovery. It is anticipated that at full development stage, the average net income per irrigated ha of (AA will increase from the present level of Rs 1,140 to Rs 4,770 and the average rent per ha of CCA will increase from Rs 120 to Rs 2,540. Additionally, the improved design standards will result in a more reliable and equitable water supply and therefore reduce the differences in net returns between "head" and "tail" fields. Consequently there will be a considerable potential for increasing irrigation charges. However, because at present the water rates are uniform throughout the State irrespective of irrigation service provided (para 5.13), their current level must be within the repayment capability of those farmers realizing the lowest irrigation benefits (mostly tail enders in traditionally designed projects). It is therefore unlikely that GOMP would be able to realize the increased potential for revenue from higher water rates in the more modern irrigation projects unless the principle of "Statewide uniform rates" is amended, This could be done by introducing a charge system consist- ing of two or more tiers with higher water rates in projects like MP Medium, MP Major and any future irrigaticn projects designed to similar standards. There are precedents to such a tier system in India. A "two tier" charge system for irrigation already exists in many Indian States where the water rates for irrigation from public tubewells are considerably higher than those for gravity canal irrigation projects; the higher rates recognize the larger investment and operational costs of supplying water from public tubewells.

5.17 Timing Considerations. The optimal timing for raising water charges has to be carefully assessed. A premature increase (i.e. before most of the farmers realize the incremental benefits) might be undesirable for several

1/ Results from the "outlet studies" indicate that the yield of kharif paddy in fields located at "tail-end" as a percentage of the yield obtained at "head reach" could be as low as 8% in an extreme drought year (1979) and 42% in a year with good rainfall (1980). - 43 -

reasons: (i) it may discourage farmers, especially tail-endersfrom using water, thus reducing irrigationbenefits from the society viewpoint and further aggravatingincome inequities; (ii) it may be offset by lower recovery per- centages and high administrativecosts; and (iii) large increases in irrigation charges during project implementationmight reduce farmers' cooperation and delay the attainmentof full developmentstage (para 6.07 (a)). On the other hand, the negative aspects of "late" increase would be relatively small: (i) the effect on government finance would be small since revenue from irrigation charges in MP accounts for only about 1% of the total State revenue; and (ii) farmers would most likely use a considerablepart of the "recoverable" rent to increase investmentin other agriculturalinputs generating a rate of return not lower than that realized through governmentfinanced investments. It would be difficult to raise the water rates exactly on time concurrently with completeddevelopment programs and it is likely that any change in water charges will take place either "too early" or "late" for most of the benefi- ciaries. It appears from the above that the cost to the society of a "too early" increasewould considerablyexceed the cost of a "late" one. It is also unlikely that it would be feasible to introducea differentialcharge system (para 5.16) before sizable areas throughout the State, designed to improved irrigationstandards, are commissioned,successfully operated and irrigated areas are realizing potentialproject benefits. The completed areas throughout the State would have to be substantialenough to warrant the legal and institutionalchanges required to set up the new charge system.

5.18 Conclusions. The discussionabove leads to the conclusionthat the appropriatetime to initiate substantialchanges in the water charge system would be several years after the start of the MP Major project. Until then the level of charges can be expected to remain unchanged in real terms. As the method of water allocation and charge would have a considerableeffect on the economic efficiency of water use at farm level, the implicationof alternativemethods should be carefullyassessed before changes can be recommended.

5.19 Consequently,a large number of studies and investigationswould be required before proposals for improvementsto the present charge system can be prepared. These would include studies of legal aspects of various methods of recovery (e.g. betterment levy) and factors effecting recovery of irrigation charges and estimates of the incrementalnet income and rent accruing to farmers in modern irrigationprojects. Such studies should be conducted throughout the State over a number of years.

5.20 Under the Madhya Pradesh Medium IrrigationProject (Cr. 1108-IN), GOMP has undertaken to review the water and water-relatedcharges in the State. Guidelines for such a review and for long term studies and investigations of water and water related charges are given in Annex 12, SDV, Appendix 2. Agreements have been reached with GOMP that on the basis of these studies it would : (i) review the water and water-relatedcharges in the State by December 31, 1983; and (ii) after paying due regard to IDA's comments, and as soon as possible, implement a system of charges that would ensure recovery of annual O&M costs and, to the extent possible, cost of infrastructureinvestments. In establishingthe level of charges, due considerationwould be given to the incentives and payment capacity of farmers. - 44 - j.21 Cost and Rent Recovery Under the Project. The assumptionsmade for estimating cost and rent recovery are given in Annex 3. Under these assumptions the rent recovery indexes would amount to 30% and 34% for MRP and RB schemes, respectively. Full recovery of the resources invested in the project over a period of 50 years at 12% per annum would require an average annual recovery of about Rs 700 per ha of CCA. The average annual recovery through water related charges and agriculturaltaxes is estimated at Rs 230 per ha cf CCA. The Cost Recovery Index (average for MRP and RB schemes) would i,erefor.amount to about 33% 'Table T-26).

5.22 The estimates of cost and rent recovery do not take into account the incremental government revenue from other indirect taxes resulting from the incremental value added which is generated by the project 1/ and from the export of rice. The latter category is important because most of the incremental rice production would be directly or indirectly exported. The difference between the average financial price paid to producers and financial price which would be realized through export (Table T-19) is estimated at about Rs 650/ton of paddy or about Rs 900/ha (average for tIRP and HB schemes) at full development. If present export arrangements remain unchanged such surplus would largely remain with the exporting agencies (GOI through the Food Corporation of India and GOMP). It could be regarded as a "quasi" export tax and if added to the cost recovery calculationswould raise the Cost Recovery Index to about 70% (average for the MRP and HB schemes).

VI. BENEFITS AND JUSTIF'ICATION

Project Impact

6.01 The overall direct project impact 2/ in terms of agricultural production, rural employment generated and of farm families benefitting at full development is summarized below:

1/ It should be noted that this represents only part of GOI's and GOMP's incremental revenue resulting from the operation. The reason is that increased agricultural incomes would generate growth in the non- agricultural sectors of the State's economy and the implicit taxation on these sectors are significantly higher than on agriculture. Thus, the total cost recovery from the direct and indirect benefits of the operation would be considerably higher.

2/ Estimates of project impact (including employment) are for the whole project at the full development stage. The percentage of these resulting from the time-slice financed under the project only is estimated at about 25% of full project impact. - 45 -

MRP Scheme HB Scheme

Directly BenefittingFarm Families (No.) 70,900 44,800 Increased IrrigatedArea (ha) 150,000 210,000 Rehabilitation Area (ha) 224,000 45,000 Increased Foodgrain Production (1,000 tons/year) 600 550 IncreasedSugarcane Production (1,000 tons/year) - 1,070 Increased Banana Production (1,000 tons/year) - 150 Increased Fish Production (tons/year) 280 210 IncreasedSupply of Water3for Industrial and domesticuse (Mm ) 370 440 Generated Farm Employment (jobs) 86,900 119,500 GeneratedNon-farm Employment (jobs) 21,700 24,800 Agricultural Value added to local economy (Rs M) /a 700 800 /a Defined as the sum of gross farm incomes minus cash inputs (excluding labor).

Employment Effects

6.02 A considerable increase in employment would be generated by project construction works and by increase in agricultural production. It is estimated that the number of unskilled labor employed daily in constructionwork over the next 15-20 years would amount to 120,000 full time jobs. The provision of new irrigation areas and the improvementof existing sy.stemswould increase direct employment considerably. At full developmentstage, the increaseddemand for labor for agriculturalproduction resultingfrom the project would amount to about 50 M mandays per annum (equivalentto about 208,000 full time jobs). It is estimated that about two thirds of the demand would be supplied by hired labor, the majority of which consists of landless workers (para 5.12). The projected increase in value added in agriculturewould be some Rs 1,500 M. The developmentwould also generate additional income and employment in local non- farming sectors such as marketing, transportand processing estimated at about 47,000 full-time jobs. Thus, the operationwould substantiallydecrease the high level of unemploymentand underemploymentin the scheme areas.

Economic Analysis

6.03 -Basic Assumptions. The assumptionsfor the analysis are detailed in Annex 3. The economic prices of major agriculturaloutputs (Table T-19) were derived from projected 1990 world market prices expressedin 1981 currency values. Bank projections (para 5.07) indicate that India may well become a net exporter of foodgrains in the near future. Consequently,estimates of the economic price of paddy are based on the assumption that the incremental production of that crop would be directly or indirectly exported out of India. - 46 -

If India continues to be a net importer of rice, the economic price of paddy would be about 4% higher than the price assumed in the project analysis. Agriculturalwages were based on the weighted average of seasonalwage rates for irrigatedand rainfed areas. Assessment of future yields for the "with" as well as the "without"project situation,was based on surveys in project areas, on yield statistics and on direct informationin the field. The cost and benefit streams for MRP and RB schemes (Table T-27, and T-28, respectively) have been adjusted by appropriate conversion factors to bring them to a comparableworld market price basis.

6.04 Economic Rate of Return (ERR). The ERR was calculated for the full developmentstage of both schemes and not for the time-slice financed under the project since works financed under this timeslice are closely related to those which would be financed under follow-up phases. Implementation schedules and costs and benefits to full developmentwere based on careful assessmentof GOMP's implementationcapability. Sunk costs were accounted for in the analysis. Discounting cost and benefit streams over 50 years, the ERR is estimated at 20% for MRP scheme, 22% for HB scheme and 21% (weighted average) for the two schemes combined.

6.05 Economics of Canal Lining. Lining of the distributionsystem down to the 40 ha outlet level is an essential component of this project. GOMP is committed to spreading the irrigationbenefits over a large area and its decision to line was made after examination of several design alternatives which were analyzed by WAPCOS. This analysis has shown that the cost per ha of CCA of expanding irrigation services through lining would be lower than providing irrigation from other sources. The ERR of lining in the MRP and HB scheme areas ranged from 19% to 36%. The incrementalbenefits were largely based on those generated by the reduction of seepage losses. However, there will be substantialother benefits from lining which cannot be adequately quantified. These include: (i) the greater flexibilityof operating a lined system particularlyin view of the need to serve small and varying crop areas in the rabi season and to provide water for early kharif nurseries; (ii) the greater reliabilityof water supply; (iii) the possibilityto spread irrigation benefits equitably and over a large area; and (iv) the relative cost advantage of reduction in channel cross section when a canal is lined. Detailed analysis is given in SDV, Annex 9.

6.06 SensitivityAnalysis. Sensitivityanalysis was conducted to determine the effect of deviations from the main assumptionson the economic viability of the project. The measure of sensitivityused, the 'switching value' is the value of the variable tested which would reduce the present value of the project's net incrementalbenefits discounted at 12% (the estimated opportunitycost of capital) to zero. The results are summarized in the following table: - 47 -

MRP Scheme HB Scheme Appraisal Switching Change Appraisal Switching Change Value Value % Value Value %

Net Incremental Benefits (Rs M) /a 3,150 1,610 -49 3,650 1,567 -57 ConstructionCosts (Rs M) /a 1,450 3,000 107 1,320 3,410 158 ConstructionConver- sion Factor 0.8 1.6 100 0.8 2.1 160 ConstructionPeriod (Years) 15 29 93 15 32 113

/a Costs and benefits discounted.

The sensitivityof the ERR to changes in the main assumptionswas also tested with the followingresults:

MRP Scheme HB Scheme Variables Change ERR Change ERR %. %

Base Case - 20 - 22 All crop yields at full development -20% 13 -20% 16 No rabi benefits for MRP scheme n.a. 18 n.a. n.a. 50% rabi benefits for HB scheme n.a. n.a. 20 Net returns per ha, "without project situation" +20% 15 +20% 19 Economic output prices -20% 13 -20% 19 Constructionprices +30% 17 +30% 19 Delay in developmentprogram 5 yrs. 19 5 yrs. 20

Changes in other parameters,such as particularvalues of conversionfactors, economic wages, and O&M cost, had no significanteffect on the ERR.

Project Risk

6.07 The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that only large deviations from the basic project assumptions would make it economically unviable. However, the net benefits and/or the equity of their distribution could be affected in the following events:

(a) Farmers may be slower than anticipatedin providing per- mission to construct sub-minors along field boundaries. However, experiencewith constructionof sub-minors for the outlet studies shows that the response of most of the farmers should be positive. In order to minimize potential difficulties,the project would start constructionof sub-minors in those areas where farmers favor such works. These areas would then demonstratethe considerablebenefits accruing to farmers and facilitate cooperationwith the project. - 48 -

(b) GOAP could give-in :o pressure by influenf al farmers and permit the growing of summer paddy, 1/ which consumes large quantities of water and generates low benefits per unit of water. This could: (i) slow down the implementationpro- gram; (ii) create inequitiesin the distributionof rabi irrigationand considerablyreduce rabi benefits; (iii) create pressure to reduce the storage of water for early kharif irrigation;and (iv) intensify the incidence of pests. ROMP is aware of the need to con4 rol summer paddy cultt atiop. Agreements have been reached with GOMP that it would: (i) not change the implementationschedule in order to provide canal irrigation for summer paddy during the construction period; and (ii) award the lowest priority to allocation of irrigationwater for summer crops.

(c) GOMP could have difficultiesin recruitmentof the staff required for implementingthe project. These would be considerably reduced as a result of GOMP decision to involve the private sector in design work and to retain General Consultants.

Although the risk of GOMP not proceedingwith project works after completion of this time slice was considered in the sensitivityanalysis (Annex 3), it is regarded minimal for the following reasons: (i) GOMP is fully committed to developmentof the project area; (ii) with the works completedunder the project becoming 'sunk cost', the economic viability of the remainingworks will be high; and (iii) GOMP has agreed at negotiationsthat "the MRP and HB schemes shall be completedas soon as technicallyfeasible after the Credit has been fully disbursed". It is thereforeexpected that if future financial constraintsshould arise and result in a reduction in the State's overall irrigationdevelopment program, GOMP will give a clear priority to the implementation of follow-upphases of this project until its completion. Thus, the project risks do not exceed those associatedwith irrigation projects of similar size in India.

EnvironmentalEffects

6.08 The main water-relateddiseases in Madhya Pradesh are malaria and typhoid. The constructionof drainage facilities and the lining of canals in the project would tend to reduce areas of stagnatingwater which are suitable breeding ground for mosquitoes. Thus, the project would have no adverse environmentaleffects.

VII. AGREEMENTS TO BE REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.01 An agreement has been reached with GOI that:

(a) it would make the proceeds of the credit available to GOMP on GOI's standard terms and arrangementsfor development assistance to the States (para 3.40).

1/ A rice crop grown in the hot season before the onset of the monsoon which requires full irrigation. - 49 -

7.02 Agreements have been reached with GOMP t>t:

(a) it would implement the project works in accordancewith agreed planning criteria,design and constructionstandards and operationalprocedures acceptable to II)A(para 3.05);

(b) it would: (i) maintain a Dam Review Panel which has been set up with qualifications,experience and terms of reference acceptableto IDA; (ii) the panL- would review the pla:s and designs of the dams and their associatedstructures, and would conduct periodic reviews, during design and construction, to examine whether any new grounds for making changes in the design of the dam have become apparent; (iii) after construction,have the dams and related structures submitted for financing under the project, periodicallyinspected to determine any deficienciesthat might endanger their safety, and (iv) propose appropriateinspection arrangements for IDA review not less than one year before the expected completion of each dam (para 3.14);

(c) it would retain engineeringconsultants with terms of reference, experience and qualificationsacceptable to IDA to: (i) provide general planning assistance to the Irrigation Department as describedin Annex 2; and (ii) undertake on a contract basis the survey, planning and design of the canal distributionsystems and minor drainage serving about 154,000 ha in the command areas of MRP and HB schemes (para 3.31);

(d) sufficientresources (in particular scarce materials such as cement and steel) would be provided to execute the project in accordancewith the implementationschedule (Chart C-2) and the project schedule of expenditures;and (ii) it would complete MRP and HB schemes as soon as technicallyand financially feasible after the credit has been disbursed (para 3.40);

(e) it would: (i) maintain separate accounts on project expenditures (accountswould be maintained for each scheme); (ii) ensure that these accounts would be audited annually by the State Accountant General and the resulting interim statements of account would be submitted to IDA as soon as possible but not later than nine months after the end of each fiscal year; (iii) make complete accounts and financialstatements available for inspectionduring IDA review missions; and (iv) ensure that sufficientauditing staff would be made available for this purpose (para 3.44);

(f) it would establish by December 31, 1981 in the CE's offices of both MRP and HB schemes, the following additionalunits: (i) a Planning and Design Unit; (ii) a Quality Control Unit; and (iii) a PerformanceMonitoring and Evaluation Unit, each unit with staffing patterns acceptable to 'IDA(para 4.05); - 50 -

(g) it would provide sufficient staff for the executionof the project in accordancewith the implementationschedule agreed with IDA (para 4.06);

(h) it would: (i) establish by December 31, 1981 in each CADA, a M&E Unit with staffing patterns acceptable to IDA (para 4.19);

(i) it would: (i) not less than two years before causing submergence of any land covered by the project, formulatea resettlementplan, including an implementationschedule agreed with IDA, and (ii) as part of this resettlementplan, ensure that displaced families are offered land suitable for cultivation(para 4.22);

(j) it would: (i) undertake a detailed management study to establish rules, procedures and requirementsfor effective operationand preventativemaintenance of the project schemes; (ii) prepare the terms of reference of such a study by March 31, 1983 to be reviewed by IDA; and (iii) promptly inform IDA of the annual financial and other allocations made for the operation and maintenance,separately for each of the MRP and HB schemes (para 4.25);

(k) it would: (i) review the water and water-relatedcharges in the State, by December 31, 1983; and (ii) after paying due regard to IDA's comments, and as soon as possible, implement a system of charges that would ensure recovery of annual O&M costs and, to the extent possible, costs of infrastructure investments. In establishingthe level of charges, due considerationwould be given to the incentives and payment capacity of farmers (para 5.19); and

(1) it would (i) not change the implementationschedule in order to provide canal irrigation for summer paddy during the construction period; and (ii) award the lowest priority to allocation of irrigation water for summer crops (para 6.07).

7.03 With the above agreements,the proposed project would be suitable for a credit of US$220 M on standard IDA terms. The Borrower would be the Government of India.

August 24, 1981 INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Potential Created and Area Irrigated from Major, medium and Minor Projects

Irrigation Potential ('000 ha) Are Irrigated ('000 ha) Percent Utilizatioln Plaii Period Nalor MedIumn Minfr Total Hajlor MedI Minor thtai iMalor ediunm ,Minor otoal

Pre-Plan - 1950/51 1.53 1.95 1.11 4.59 1.28 1.78 0.48 3.54 84.0 91.0 43.0 77.1

To enid of Plnn 1 1951-56 1.53 1.99 1.26 4.78 1.2B 1.82 0.53 3.63 84.0 91.0 42.0 75.9

To end of Plan 11 1956-61 1.53 2.29 1.70 5.52 1.28 2.07 0.711 4.13 84.0 90.0 46.0 74.8

To enid of Plait 111 1961-66 2.99 2.92 2.7t. 8.65 1.44 2.48 1.15 5.07 48.0 85,0 42.0 58-6

1liree Annual rlatis 1966-69 4.16 3.80 3.55 11.51 2,09 3.34 2.01 7.44 50.0 81.0 57.0 64.6

To end of Plan IV 1969-74 4.26 4.13 3.68 12.07 3.09 3-41 2.13 8.63 73.0 83.0 58.0 71.5

Plan V: 1974-75 4.28 4.35 4.04 12.67 2.74 3.19 2.26 8.19 64.0 73.0 56.0 64.6

1975-76 4.92 4.44 4.61 13.97 3.49 3.80 2.85 10.14 71.0 86.0 62.0 72.6

1976-77 5.43 4.73 5.11 15.27 4.04 4.02 3.16 11.22 74.0 85.0 62.0 73.5

1977-78 5.96 5.26 5.31 16.53 4.06 4.40 3.12 11.58 68.0 84.0 59.0 70.1

Plan VI: 1978-79 (Actu.al) 7.48 4.42 5.70 17.60 4.85 3.94 3.41 12.20 65.0 89.0 60.0 69.3

1979-80 (AntIcipated) 8.73 4.40 6.38 19.51 5.5 4.ol 3.89 13.75

1980-81 (Target) 9,83 4.50 6.81 21.14 7.08 4.39 4.15 15.62

1981-82 (Target) 10.83 4.70 7.66 23.19 8.40 4.58 4.64 17.62

1982-83 (Target) 12.08 4.98 8.40 25.46 10.08 4.95 5.18 20.21 IH-A

Source: IrrigattionDepartuent, Madbya Pradesh,Marclh 1980. -52- TABLE T-2

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Scheme Area Characteristics

Predominant Soil Types /b Topography IrrigationSc'heme Ponulation Mean Annual % OF % of (ServiceArea, ha) ou000) Rainfall at Category Area Elevation % Slope Area (mm) (meters)

MRP c/ (340,000ha) 774 1,206 1 10 240-320 1 57 2 8 1-3 42 3 82 3 1

HB (255,000ha) 486 1,386 1 4.5 1 75 2 0.1 1-3 23 3 95.4 3 2

TOTAL 1,260

a/ See Climate, Table T-3.

r/ Categorizedby depths: 1 = shallow, less than 45 cm; 2 = medium, 45-90 cm; 3 = deep, greater than 90 cm. Soils are predominantlyclay and clay loams underlainby mixed granular/rockfragments mixed with clay and derived mostly in situ, from underlying parent shales, limestonesand sandstones. c/ Excluding 34,000 ha under Pairi IrrigationProject.

Activity-wiseBreakdown of Population in the Scheme Areas (Unit = '000 no.)

Occupation Project Area Schemes Total MRP HB

Cultivators 236 147 89 AgriculturalLaborers 141 90 51 Engaged in Forestry, Fishing, Cattle Rearing 6.4 4 2.4 Mining/Quarrying 1.3 0.6 0.7 Household Industries 12.8 8 4.8 Other Industries 8.2 6 2.2 Construction 3.3 2 1.3 INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Climatic Data - Mahanadi River Basin

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Annual

Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm)

Raipur - - 8 10 20 170 358 306 194 20 - - 1,086 Raigarh 4 8 6 8 15 192 428 440 184 54 - - 1,)39

Mean Monthly Temperature (°C) Maximum Raipur 27.7 30.3 34.7 39.2 42.3 37.5 30.3 30.1 31.0 31.2 29.1 27.3 Raigarh 28.4 31.9 35.7 40.3 42.8 38.6 31.5 31.0 31.8 31.9 29.8 28.4 M4inimum Raipur 13.5 16.2 20.5 25.1 28.8 26.8 24.1 24.1 24.1 21.5 16.0 13.2 Raigarh 13.6 15.9 20.2 25.4 28.9 27.7 25.0 24.9 24.7 22.3 16.4 13.4 Average Monthly Humidity (%) Raipur 50.5 43.0 32.5 28.5 28.5 55.0 81.5 82.0 78.0 66.5 54.5 52.5 Raigarh 52.0 40.5 33.0 28.5 30.5 54.5 80.0 82.0 78.5 68.0 53.0 52.5

Average Monthly Winds (Km/hr) Raipur 5.0 6.0 6.9 8.4 10.7 12.1 11.8 10.4 7.4 6.0 4.1 4.4 Raigarh 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.3 6.3 7.3 7.0 6.5 5.3 4.4 3.8 3.2 3/ EvanotranspirationUnits- (m) 1,aipur 114 133 190 221 258 195 125 122 125 144 114 104 1,845

Selected Stations for Comparison Bhopal 105 124 179 212 268 220 134 120 135 146 110 93 1,846 Jagalpur 105 124 174 190 203 151 113 113 109 121 103 95 1,601 Gwalior 83 103 163 206 245 246 159 131 146 139 95 76 1,792 Shivpuri 82 104 158 195 274 229 157 126 144 142 93 75 1,779 Ujjain 100 122 175 217 292 231 140 119 141 141 107 92 1,877 Betul 104 122 168 190 224 170 109 101 109 128 104 95 1,624 Umaria 85 -105 1Sb 191 222 184 119 112 117 126 93 79 1,589

1/ Raipur station is located near the center of MRP scheme area (see Map IBRD 15149R). 2/ Raigarh station is located about 10 km east of the HB scheme area (see Map IBRD 15148R). 3/ ETO's as Computed by Modified Penamn Method. INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Actual Water Releases vs. Calculated ., Crop Requirements at the Rudri Diversion Weir Diversion Releases - A 2/ 2/ A B A B A B A B Year Period July August September October November (------Mm Total ------) mi/ha

Actual - 11.9 82.4 56.1 91.8 73.5 1974 Calculated 234.0 227.0 61.0 7.2 13.2 1.8 - 337.9 3,818 11.0 144.0 164.0 120.0 86.0 - - 1,047.0 11,510

Actual - - 37.1 30.3 42.3 1975 Calculated 59.0 51.0 90.7 30.9 - 282.8 1,918 - 139.0 52.0 34.0 99.0 190.0 146.0 - - 719.0 4,877

Actual 3.1 2.1 1976 Calculated 265.0 21.0 33.3 44.4 64.7 77.2 136.0 121.4 18.1 - 500.3 3,522 - - - 280.0 292.0 182.0 - - 1,040.0 7,323

Actual - 35.2 118.2 131.8 103.6 106.6 145.3 95.3 1977 Calculated 211.0 34.0 - - 736.0 4,675 - - - 3.0 323.0 202.0 - - 1,080.0 6,861

Actual 8.5 75.1 106.0 88.4 92.9 142.8 159.9 90.0 - - 763.6 4,680 1978 Calculated 114.0 29.0 - - 323.0 96.0 332.0 209.0 - - 1,103.0 6,761 Actual - 36.4 117.5 135.2 149.0 150.4 149.1 59.2 - - 706.8 4,644 1979 Calculated - 264.0 264.0 332.0 249.0 285.0 379.0 366.0 - - 2,139.0 12,465

1/ Actual diversion at the Rudri headwork of the Mahanadi Main Canal is that recorded by the Irrigation Department; calculated releases are the estimated supplementary irrigation required to make up full crop water requirements as calculated under the project taking into account monthly rainfall. Both actual and calculated crop requirements represent average values. 2/ A - First Fortnight; and B - Second Fortnight. 4-- MHW tLDS HAJ4ORIRRIUATION PROJECT

Present Yfields of PaddvtjIth~e_P.SJ,ct Area Sche,neAreas

Upiper Comband -Middle Coamasod Low~erCoessnd

Outlet Comamnd Out let Cotaxand Outlt Csen Read leach Middle Reach Tall Reach Head Iteach iliddle Reach Tail Reach Ha Reacht Htdle Rah ReachTi

Feld1 Field Field yield Field Field Fteld Field Field H H T 8 H T H II T H H T If H T H H T H H T H H T H H T

KharLt 1979

minorme"dIt 100 94 60 72 68 43 59 53 35 60 56 36 4:3 41 26 35 33 21 49 46 29 35 33 21 29 27 17

Yield Tons/ha 3.8 3.6 2.3 2.7 2.5 1.7 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.6

Minor Middle % 84 79 so 60 56 36 50 46 29 50 47 30 31 34 22 30 28 17 41 39 25 29 27 is 25 23 14

Yfield Tons/ha 3.2 3.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.1 3.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 L.5 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.5

Minor Tail % 46 45 29 35 33 21 28 26 17 29 27 17 42 29 13 17 15 10 24 22 14 17 16 10 14 13 8

Yield 'Tons/ha 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.6 01.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3

Icharif 198

Hior Head % 100 94 97 100 94 97 86 81 83 89 83 86 d9 83 86 76 71 74 73 68 71 73 68 71 62 58 60

Yietd Tons/ha 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.6

Minor MiddleF 81a 76 79 81 76 79 70 6n 67 72 67 70 /2 67 70 62 58 60 59 55 58 59 55 58 50 47 49

Yield Tons/ha 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1. 2.0 2.1 1.8 7.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3

MinorTallZ 70 66 68 70 66 68 57 53 58 63 58 60 63 58 60 53 30 52 51 48 30 51 48 51 43 41 42

Yield Tons/ha 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 3.1 1.1

H Head - upper third of a couanand area H H iddle -. middle third of a coseand area T Tail - lowrer third ot a comeand area

j/Averageresults from the 'Outlet otudiea'for the commsandaera of MPiiand HR schemaes. T1heoutlet studios measured paddy yields in various parts of an irrigation systeamto establish the effect that location in -tie systiimhad on yield. I NDLTA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGAIION PROJECT I/ Water Balance for MRP Scheme at Full DeveloPmert -

Reservoir In flow Rabi Early Pre-Pairi Pairi Link Evapor. Demands 4 Amount Supplied Sh.rtage _ Planting planting Diver ion Loss M.& I. Irrigation M.6 I. Irrigation I. Irrigation 7 Spill ('000 ha) of Kharif Year Reservoir / 3 ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6/Rice Realized

1949 1421.3 1177.2 145.2 367.6 1465.8 367.6 1399.5 - 66.3 4.5 - - 85 1950 1294.1 898.7 102.4 367.6 2731.1 240.3 2686.2 127.3 44.9 1.5 _ 133 100

1951 1120.1 548.8 65.8 367.6 1376.7 240.9 1128.5 126.7 248.2 18.0 - - 0 52 2219.1 1177.2 98.2 367.6 2275.6 367.6 2375.6 - - 0.0 124.8 133 1 53 2073.6 961.2 102.6 367.6 2149.8 367.6 2105.9 - 43.9 2.0 390.1 133 20 54 2153.9 749.6 77.2 367.6 2512.8 237.6 1887.9 130.0 624.9 25.0 433.8 133 0 55 2533.7 543.3 122.1 367.6 1777.4 367.6 1612.7 - 164.7 9.3 609.2 133 0

1956 2539.1 1047.1 100.0 367.6 2478.4 237.6 2413.7 130.0 64.7 2.6 494.4 133 93 57 2309.4 849.2 78.7 367.6 3029.9 226.6 2524.3 141.0 505.6 17.0 60.8 133 0 58 2385.5 1081.2 149.2 367.6 1441.6 356.6 1441.6 11.0 - 0.0 605.8 133 0 59 3840.3 955.2 162.0 367.6 2391.9 367.6 2391.9 - - 0.0 1974.1 133 0 1960 2197.6 595.2 117.7 367.6 2355.0 303.3 2355.0 - 0.0 0.0 396.0 133 100

1961 3318.9 1130.1 130.6 367.6 1977.1 367.6 1977.1 - - 0.0 1573.3 133 9 62 1433.0 702.6 75.3 367.6 2117.2 266.2 1830.9 101.4 286.3 14.0 - - 80 63 2372.2 819.2 84.3 367.6 2586.7 226.6 2159.0 141.0 427.7 16.0 332.5 133 0 64 3131.4 1081.2 163.0 367.6 2056.1 367.6 1955.7 - 100.4 4.9 1017.1 133 0 1965 290.8 15.9 71.1 367.6 2834.1 121.3 904.8 246.3 1929.3 68.0 - - 100

1966 825.4 414.0 55.9 367.6 2840.8 136.6 1018.6 231.0 1822.2 64.0 - - 0 67 2719.0 836.6 79.4 367.6 2630.3 226.6 2164.4 141.0 465.9 18.0 808.0 133 0 68 871.7 169.0 56.1 367.6 2152.4 136.6 642.4 231.0 1510.0 70.0 - - 0 69 1650.3 586.3 66.3 367.6 2471.4 308.0 1611.5 59.6 859.9 35.0 - - 0 1970 2853,7 902.6 90.3 367.6 2532.5 279.6 2519.8 88.0 12.7 0.5 927.0 133 36

1971 723.8 175.7 56.5 367.6 2303.5 136.6 669.6 231.0 1633.9 71.0 - - 0 72 1394.3 329.7 66.8 367.6 2001.3 217.9 1353.6 149.7 647.7 32.0 - - 0 73 1542.4 414.0 132.3 367.6 876.4 356.6 857.7 11.0 18.7 2.1 - - 0 74 281.9 303.5 67.0 367.6 2762.9 124.3 713.7 243.3 2049.2 74.0 - - 83 1975 2769.6 589.9 111.7 367.6 2368.4 356.6 2255.9 11.0 112.5 4.8 152.4 133 0

M & I - Municipal and Iodustrial Users.

f/ The water balances and reservoir operation illustrates what would have happened In the direct cojasand area of Mahanadi Main Canal (319,000 ha) during the period 1949 to 1975 if MRP scheme had been fully developed in 1949 thus enabling a historical record of river inflows and rainfall to be used.

2/ Ravishankar and Dudhawa are operated as one reservoir; Murumailli Reservoir is held in reserve to meet Municipal and Industrial (M&I) shortages.

3/ Based on 60 cumec capacity.

4/ The MU1 demand is the coamitment made by the ID to M&I users; irrigation demand represeeots an system water requirements estimated from the full development cropping patterns; crop water requirements and system losses as detailed in Annex 7. 3 years by drawing on Hurumsilli Reservoir. There is some oversatement of shortages as the 376.6 Mm assumes an 5/ These shortages can be met in 3 most upstream depletion of 70.6 Mm which would be less in shortage years.

6/ muramsilli Reservoir can be used in most years to reduce shortages in June and July because of inadequate water in carry over storage usually following a heavy kharif shortage year or from a delay in the onset of the monsoon. The July shortages can also be eliminated or at least significantly reduced by delaying the first irrigation beyond July I or by stretching out the transplanting and 'biasi' operations on into August. Shortages alao occur in some years from planting too much rabi. INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Water Balance for EShm tFl eeomn

End of Month Irrig_ated 7%St=`0ga Z of eartl Irrigated 3/ Reservoir Area in of KCharif planted Area 'In Hot Reservoir Demands Amat.Supplied Shortage, QLI kharif licrig. kharif Rb ete Year Inflpi Evaporation N ri. N&I Irg & ri et Ny Spill 00

1949 3169.9 109.6 454.0 2438.9 454.0 2438.9 2386.9 967.4 255 100 153 34 1950 3637.3 123.9 454.0 3033.2 454.0 3033.2 3275.1 993.7 255 100 153 82 1951 4443.9 138.0 454.0 3221.1 454.0 3221.1 3295.8 1389.4 235.2 255 100 153 82 52 3321.5 138.3 454.0 2775.5 454.0 2775.5 3420.5 1342.8 0.3 255 100 153 67 53 4931.6 130.1 454.0 3269.4 454.0 3269.4 3348.7 1079.5 1341.4 255 100 153 76 54 4611.7 134.2 454.0 2974.1 454.0 2974.1 3420.5 1379.8 749.1 255 100 153 69 1955 3439.7 146.0 454.0 2643.9 454.0 2643.9 3337.4 1488.5 87.1 255 100 153 70

1956 6112.8 155.2 454.0 2719.1 454.0 2719.1 3420.5 1569.5 2703.5 255 100 153 68 57 3744.1 117.2 454.0 3282.8 454.0 3282.8 2905.5 660.2 799.4 255 100 153 71 58 2607.5 91.7 454.0 1870.2 454.0 1870.2 1854.9 851.9 255 100 153 72 59 3338.2 106.5 454.0 2779.6 454.0 2799.6 2617.1 829.9 - 255 100 91 0 1960 3382.6 111.5 454.0 2748.6 454.0 2748.6 2840.9 C98.4 - 255 100 153 74 1961 9388.6 157.7 454.0 2630.5 454.0 2630.5 342~.5 1770.7 5274.0 255 100 153 73 62 633.6 77.6 454.0 1495.1 454.0 1495.1 1147.1 377.6 - 100 0 0 63 3713.5 102.3 454.0 2828.2 454.0 2828.2 2639.3 706.6 - 255 33 153 66 64 6100.8 151.1 454.0 2807.7 454.0 2807.7 3420.5 1561.2 1833.3 255 100 153 73 65 911.5 71.0 454.0 1669.6 442.2 1669.6 11.8 1099.2 370.0 - 255 100 0 0 1966 1112.7 50.7 454.0 1864.7 202.9 866.2 251.1 998.5 370.0 363.0 - 255 54 32 0 0 67 4559.6 126.7 454.0 2719.8 454.0 2626.2 - 93.6 3420.5 1463.7 251.9 255 3 27 153 63 68 848.1 68.5 454.0 1640.1 376.0 1498.5 78.0 141.6 1065.3 368.8 - 255 9 100 0 0 69 3672.0 95.5 454.0 3218.4 417.5 3002.7 36.5 125.7 2887.0 525.2 - 255 4 26 153 63 1970 2634.1 81.0 454.0 2129.2 454.0 2082.7 46.5 1916.6 541.6 - 255 2 100 105 0 1971 7885.3 140.6 454.0 3280.1 454.0 3280.1 3190.4 1106.8 3445.4 255 - 100 153 81 72 2791.3 95.9 454.0 2907.0 454.0 2802.0 105.0 2573.4 546.3 - 255 4 100 153 63~ 73 7132.0 131.1 454,0 2582.3 454.0 2316.1 266.2 3420.5 1558.6 3218.4 255 10 94 153 74 74 2836.7 114.3 454.0 3067.0 454.0 3067.0 2327.6 760.0 - 255 - 100 153 25 1975 6945.9 137.3 454.0 2925.8 454.0 2925.8 3420.5 1542.1 2646.8 255 100 153 80 1976 4122.7 129.5 454.0 3196.9 454.0 3196.9 3420.5 1027.8 856.6 255 100 153 73 77 5145.7 146.8 454.0 3137.8 454.0 3137.8 3420.5 1403.3 1031.6 255 100 153 73 1978 2278.6 95.8 454.0 2673.8 454.0 2673.8 1991.7 458.3 - 255 100 121 0

M & I - Muinicipalsod industrial Users.

It The water balances and reservoir operation illustrates what would have happened during the period 1949 to 1975 if HB scheme had been fully developed in 1949 thus enablintga historical record of river inflows and rainfall to be used.

21 Stream floywmeasured at Naedeo Barrage.

3/ The 14& demand is the commaitmentmady by the IDI to 6141 users; irrigation demand represents on system vater requirements estimated from the foil development cropping patterns; crop water requirements and system losses as detailed in Annex 7.

4/ The Municipal and Industrial (M&I) water shortages vould he offset by curtailing kharif irrigation or by requiring some recycling or other economoics in water uae. The year 1966 is the only critical period and this occurs because 1965 is an extremely low runoff year. The year 1968 had less runoff than 1965 but the occurrence -f two extremely dry years back-to-back is more isevere and is normally uneconomical to design to. 3 S/ Dead storage is 370.0 mm . INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRICATION PROJECT

Salient Peatures of the Pro ect Dams and Weirs

MRP Scheme _8 Scheme Rudri Weir 6ango Dam Hasdeo Weir Dams and Weirs 1/ Murumsilli Dudhawa Sikasar Sondur Ravishankar Pair (existing) (proposed)

Mahanadi Hasdeo Hasdeo River Muramsilli Mahanadi Pairi Sondur Mahanadi Pairi Mahanadi 1,160 2,800 3,210 Catchment Area (sq km) 484 621 492 512 3,670 3.056 3.700

3 Yields in Mm 1,796 3,748 4.293 (a) 75X Dependable 145 220 230 237 1,160 1,460 1,160 (b) Average 244 330 332 353 1,796 1,975 1,796

3 Storage in Mm 3,054 (a) Live 162 284 266 180 768 420 370 (b) Dead 3 4 18 18 141 120 81 (c) 2 of (a) is of ave. flow 66 86 60 51 43 21

Maximum Height of Dam (m) 86.26 23.68 (a) Masonry n.a. n.a. n.a. 37.65 31.00 39.00 28.15 19.05 (b) Earth Fill 25.51 24.54 31.70 23.12 30.53 22.86

Crest_Lengths (m) 405.0 698.3 283.76 (a) Masonry 93.47 120.0 192.0 173.75 454.25 493.5 255.0 2,590.0 1,990.3 609,60 (b) Earth Fill 2,590,81 2,907.0 876.0 3,231.25 1,245.75 (c) Rock Fill - 130.00 (d) Saddle _ _- 664.0 1,050.00 2,995.0 2,688.6 892.36 Total 2,684.28 3,027.0 1,632.0 3,405.00 2,425.75 748.5

Elevations (a.m.s,1.) 2/ 328.48 365.15 293.42 (a) Top of Dam 378.87 428.93 409.48 437.70 353.0 339.0 320.65 345.95 278.89 (b) Crest of Spillway 376.31 425.12 402.65 461.06 338.7 325.0 335.0 328.85 359.66 286.51 (c) Full Reservoir Level 376.31 425.12 406.30 471.00 348.7 326.84 362.10 291.85 (d) High Flood Level (DF) 377.04 427.10 407.65 471.70 350.7 336.2

Spillwav ogee (a) Type syphon waste weir flush ogee ogee ogee shutter 3/ 12 radial 14 vertical (b) Gates (No.) - - 15 vertical 4 (or 5) radial 14 radial 19 radial 23,500 34,150 19,820 (c) Design Flood (cumecs) 2,011 2,428 3,028 5,163 23,500 23,000 9,096 51,510 (d) P.M.F. (cumees) 5,930 8,904 5.969 6,520 26,708 25,236

Quantities in Dam 2,828 (a) Earthwork ('000 .3) 2,830 951 1,600 2,100 462 904 (b) Masonry ('000 m3) 4 - 115 - 142 3 181 (c) Concrete ('000 m ) - - 90 150 48 18,507 Submergence Area (ha) 2,500 4,500 2,500 2,416 7,500 n.a. n.a. n.a.

1/ For location of dams and we!--, see Chart C-1 and Scheme Maps IBRD 15148R and IBRD 15149R.

2/ Above mean sea level (metres).

3/ As for Ravishankar Dam.

n.a. not applicable. PRA431813S1 3*8J0 IRRICATICHPRCOJECT I/ Canal N6at.orkF.aturl

Structures CANA~L Dltributton Svstes !0ENJIk" DATA L_ t DIversion Oleensionsat Diversion at Head Hail r.tribetio.n SyAlte. *L. 40 k.amutlct /B.13 40 h.a! Canal ( K..) Ot hod Rate Red FlIn F_-e Bed _ __ _ 4o of (Cu.accs)(1./aec/ho) Width ioadBfl C.tsdlt Reanlat,.ri Bridae jacapes Others outlet Bridge* Other Hat CCA lem-ed 1. 2. 3. 4. S. 6. 7. S. 9. to. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. I. --- - Ho.------_-*

Soodur Feeder 15 28.3 2/ 4.60 3.05 0.80 1/5.600 3 12 -- 48 306 712 n s6n3 12.260 68 Mahan.adiFacd*r 42 19.8 2/ 6.70 2.S0 0.55 1/4.100 19 29 1 46 370 740 Ptari Link 64 60.0 10.360 14.010 78 i/ 12.58 3.40 1.20 1/10,000 13 15 - 33 228 556 6.384 9.140 49 H.hanedi HW.n3/ 116 282.7 0.93 32.90 4.32 1.20 1/6. 000 59 SO 5 s0 2.410 Hodhar 4.82t' 67,480 96.377 524 Drt. 52 53.0 0.93 17.06 2.40 1.20 1/6.000 81 23 4 20 1.093 2.186 30.604 43,734 174 Abhonlp.r Lift 19 10.6 0.80 3.65 2.05 0.75 1/6.000 12 36 - 17 332 664 9,296 13.280 54 Ohataparu Br. 86 67.1 0.93 18.28 2.98 1.20 1/10i000 43 50 3 75 1.805 1,610 50.540 72.198 231 Lnce Br. 69 50.1 0.93 16.76 2.19 1.20 1/5.000 36 33 2 44 1.347 2,694 37 716 53.866 197 We1ods Bazar 73 22.8 0.93 6.09 2.13 1.20 1/3,636 21. 35 60 613 1,226 17.164 24.506 119 I ~~~~~~~______. _ ._- Sche Totl 563 289 285 16 393 8.504 17.008 238,112 340o111 1.497 1

144.4. hanco SCI,6o

k.S. Hain 3/ 48 117.1 1.0 8.20 4.55 1.20 1/8.000 3 20 2 36 87 174 2.436 3.472 5 JaoJgir Branch 22 41.9 1.0 16.50 2.16 0.90 1/7.000 21 lI - 27 1.048 2.096 Z9.344 41 .937 320 Akaltara branch 42 71.6 1.0 24.45 2.45 1.00 1/7.500 34 36 2 50 1.791 3.1582 50.148 71.653 L.8. 10 Kai.3/ 138.2 1.0 11.40 4.57 1.20 1/53000 14 36 3 55 114 228 3.192 4,566 Chapa 8ranclh 54 31.8 1.0 6.65 2.65 0.90 1/4,000 42 2S 2 43 894 1.788 25.032 35.760 ) 483 Sikti Branc 32 14.4 1.0 5.30 2.65 0.90 1/3.000 31 1i 2 19 868 1,736 24,304 34.727 Kharsla Branch 42 63.4 1.0 9.36 3.12 1.00 1/4.000 20 22 2 26 1,585 3.170 44380 63.406

sche-e Total 290 161 168 13 256 o.387 12.774 370.836 255.521 So0

1/ Subj*ct to revision At the detailed design stage. 2/ Canal Capacity Is boasedon requireentamAd a feeder canl. 3/ The cnAm,andarea iven for main caals id that *rea directly coa.wunded Andd4ea uot Includa comand erode of btanch canals Orv d by a "in canal. -*0

TABLE T-10 INDIA

KiADKYAPi8ADESl MAJOR IEff C4TWON P80.28CT

Cost Estimates - Project Sury

(Timeslie) Total DA6 ?rojectCoats

other - 2 of total hrp Scherme H3 Schea. ArP4 Scheme Components Tot.1 ccl FE Taal Local FE Base Cost

Sohsee iem-slIce Bohese Tie.o-slloe Tine-alice _____.._-_-_-----_-__:------DS------Head.orks 309 134 699 367 - 501 391 llO 62.6 #g 137 20X

Ha,in& Br,ooh Canals 1,130 31E 649 281 - 599 491 108 74.9 61.4 13.5 252

Ois~tribution Systenm dose to 40 ha outlet 961 192 869 244 _ 436 363 73 54.5 45.4 9.1 162

40 ha to 8 ha turnouts 497 28 329 32 60 49 11 7.5 6.1 1.4 22

Orsioase Woeks 139 20 72 22 42 38 4 5.3 4.b 0.5 12

B.ilding 152 45 72 35 80 73 7 10.0 9.1 0.9 302 Eguipteent 36 12 18 9 21 14 7 2.6 1.7 0.9 17

Sr.ey & ItvertatiOs Zf 9 3 20 10 13 13 - 1,6 1.6 - 12

Land Ag.i.itioC S R..ettlesent 249 103 217 113 216 216 - 27.0 27.0 - 92

kase cost 3,471 855 2,945 1,113 1,969 1.164 320 246.0 206.0 40.0 782

Ph-i-l Cqpotigkoipt- 520 1I8 354 122 250 210 40 31.3 26.3 3.0 102

Sub-Total 3.941 983 3.299 1,235 2.218 1.858 360 277.3 232.3 45.0 882

Engi_eeringC 4 Adotd istr.tiOn 353 129 431 149 278 278 - 34.8 34.8 - 11l

Sub-Total 4,5i4 1,112 3,730 1.384 2.496 2,135 360 312.1 267.1 45.0 992

16 16 16 2.0 2.0 _i

aase Cost 4,5.4 1.112 3.730 1,384 16 2.512 2.152 360 314.1 269.1 45.0 1002 pther Items 5/

Sob-ohelt oeeslepmeot 16 16 16 - 2.0 2.0 -

Rds i SO 130 128 22 18.8 16.0 2.8

PanminS SISt5- .es.re), 13 13 13 . 1.6 1.6 -_

echi i"l Senvic.. 3 5 6 1 0.6 0.5 0.1

Morior1sg & Evaluation 4 4 4 - 0.5 0.5

Statevide Hydreo-st wTk 70 70 56 14 8.8 7.0 i.8

Tot.l Bas, Cost 4,544 1.112 3.730 1.384 16 259 2.m 2,374 397 346.4 296.7 49.7

Polce Co..loceoct _/ 5.5. 298 nem. 383 4 67 7742 636 104 92.8 79.5 13.3

Total Pro9eot Cost 1,40D 1,767 20 325 3.51. 3.010 503 439.2 376.2 63.0

1I Estisted total scheme costs; see Tael 7-11 oad T-12 f-r des-ils. / PFlanand etpeediture coapleted is the IDA time slice f ro iuly 1, 1981 to Jmue 30 . 1986. 3/ Sorsey sod i-oestigatimon as,ddetailed desiags. 4/ Esolsege rate 20S1 1.0 - 8 rps. 5/ Detailad cost estimates for other items age $Ivoe in An0ex 4A. 61 Build ap of estimated price cocnti.necieS ore given in detailed scheme cost estimates, s55 A..e. 44A Tble. I od 2. INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Estimates - MRF Scheme -

Scheme Total Cost Estimate (PDans ct A Fsimal Year Jone 1980 Apri 1981 Expenditure Ralance '. Total 'h Years _ates Rates 1/ op to 6/30/81 to Complete 19_1/82 1997/83 .983/84 1984/85 1985/R6 81/86 Co-pleted Remai-g

------_------Mrp. ------__--______------by______er____ 6

Dams and Weirs 306,3 336.9 27.8 309.1 23.9 23.0 31.0 24.8 31.0 133.7 43.27. 6

Excavation 25.2 Earthworks 61.7 Masonry 67.6 Concrete Works 77.1 Grates 60.5 Miscellaneoue 14.2

Conveyanice Systeml

Maim & Rramch Camals 1_081.2 1,190.6 98.3 1,092.3 32.2 51.t0 66.9 71.7 85.1 307.0 25.8. 10 Earthworks 263.2 l Structures 181.3 Lining 636.7

Distribution System! (down to 40 ha outlet) Earthwork & Structures 248.0 273.0 20.6 252.4 7.6 9.9 10.7 12.2 14.5 54.9 20.1% 10 Liming 656.6 728.8 - 728.8 1 14.5 25.2 35.1 34.4 28.3 137,5 18.9% 10

Distribution System (40 ha to 8 ha turnouts) Earthworks & Structures 112.6 126.1 - 126.1 2.0 4.0 4.0 6.7 8.9 25.6 20.1% 10 Ining 333.9 370.6 - 370.6 - 0.8 1.5 - - 2.3 0.6 10

soneral Items 37.7 41.5 3.4 38.1 1.1 1.8 2.3 2.5 3.0 10.7 25.8 10

Other Items

Project Drains 98.4 109.2 - 109.2 2.0 2.7 3.3 5.4 6.7 20.1 18.4% 10

Boilcdios 149.6 164.6 13.6 151.0 5.2 7.5 9.9 10.2 12.2 45.0 27.4% 10

Equipment 35.5 39.1 3.2 35.9 1.5 2.0 2.6 2.5 3.1 il.7 29.9 0.0.

Survey & Investigations 8.8 9.7 0.8 8.9 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 3.1 32.0% na.

Land Aquisition & Resettlement 247.0 271.7 22.5 249.2 17.9 17.8 23.9 19.6 24.3 103.5 38.0% na, 3,471.6 55.Y Base Cost 3/' Physical Contingencies (%)- 497.1 548.6 28.5 520.1 16.3 22.0 28.7 28.3 32.5 127.8 .a. 3,991.7 982.71 Sub Total

Engineering &.Adami (%) 525.8 580.6 27.2 552.4 15.3 21.7 28.5 29.4 34.0 128.9 - 10

Project Cost 4,339.5 4,791.0 245.9 4,544.1 139.9 '90.0 .49.1 248.4 294.4 1.111.6 23.3% 10 Pr'c Cootingency 4/ 6.3 27.0 56.5 1z 118.9 27.9 Totdl Project Cost 146.2 217.0 iT7l 327.6 403.3 1,399.7

V/ For cost schedule by canal commands with projection of expenditures to scheme completion see Annex 4A, Table 1. 2/ 11% has been added to convert from June 1980 to July 1981 prices. (See Chart C-1) >.0 3/ Percentage applicable to IDA time slice: weighted average additions of all components. 4/ Expected price increases have been based on the followingn

IDA Fiscal Year 80/81 81/82 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Ann-al EsOalation Rates 117 9% 8.5% 7.5% 7.5% 7.5% Average compounded rates taking 6/30/81 as datum 4.5% 14.2% 22.7% 31.9% 41.8% INDIA

1P MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Estimates - HB Scheme 1/

IDA Project Cost Estimate Item Scheme Total Cost Estimate | _ Planned Expenditure by IDA Fiscal Year June 1980 April 1981 pe diture Balance Total % Years Rates Rates 2/ upto 6/30/18 to Complete 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 81/86 Completion Remaining ------______------Mrps ------s ______

Dams & Weirs 689.4 758.3 59.3 699.0 23.8 50.1 73.1 104.0 115.5 366.5 56° 4

Excavation 68.0 Earthworks 125.4 Masonry 215.8 Concrete Works 124.5 Gates 47.3 Miscellaneous 108.4

Conveyance System

Main & Branch Canals 601.8 662.0 65.4 596.6 33.0 49.3 55.0 63.5 57.6 258.4 49% 10

Earthworks Structures Lining

Distribution System (down to 40 ha outlets)

Earthworks & Structures 314.0 345.4 9.9 336.5 6.1 8.4 13.7 14.5 18.3 61.0 207. 10 Lining 484,3 532.7 - 532.7 7.7 17.6 46.5 51.9 59.5 183.2 34% 10

Distribution System (40 ha to 8 ha turnouts)

Earthworks & Structtres 76.2 83.8 - 83.8 2.0 4.7 6.7 7.4 8.0 28.8 34b 10 Lining 222.5 244.8 - 244.8 - 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 3.9 2% 10

General Items 52.7 57.9 5.7 52.2 2.9 4.3 4.9 5.5 5.0 22.6 497 10

Other Items

project Drains 68.4 71.9 - 71.9 - 1.9 3.8 7.6 8.9 22.2 317 10 Buildings 71.3 78.4 6.7 71.7 3.0 5.0 7.2 9.6 10.1 34.9 53% 10 Equipment 18.0 19.8 1.8 18.0 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.2 8.5 527 10 Survey & Investigation 20.4 22.4 2.0 20.4 0.9 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.6 9.7 52% 10 Land Aquisition & Resettlement 215.4 236.9 19.4 217.5 8.7 16.4 23.6 31.1 33.5 113.3 567. 10

Base Cost 1,113. 0

Physical Contingencies (10.8%) 3/ 331.5 371.9 17.8 354.1 9.8 17.5 26.9 32.9 35.2 122.3 10

Sub-total 3,299.2 1,235.3

Engineering & Administration (11.7%) 3/ 403.1 451.8 20.8 431.0 11.3 21.0 32.2 40.4 44.1 149.o 10

Project Cost 3,569.0 3,938.0 208.8 3,730.2 110.1 200.0 298.2 374.0 402.0 1,384.3 37 10 Price Contingency 4/ 5.0 28.4 67.5 119.0 167.7 387.6 Total Cost 115.1 228.4 365.7 493.0 7 i,771.9

1/ For cost schedule by canal commsands with projection of expenditures to scheme completion see Annex 4A, Table 2 2/ 10% has been added to convert from June 1980 to July 1981 prices. 3/ Percentage applicable to IDA time slice; weighted average additions of all components. 4/ Expected price increase have been based on the following:

IDA Fiscal Year 80/81 81/82 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Annual Escalation Rates 11% 9% 8.5% 7.5% 7.5% 7.5% Average compounded rates taking 6/30/81 as datum 4.5% 14.2% 22.7% 31.9% 41.8% INDIA

MP MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Soamars-a-EquiPmnt, Instruments and Vehicles

Method of Method of Item Quantity Procurement Item Q t Procurement

1.Light Equipment and Instruments Light Equipment and instruments (Cont'd) (small)140.LCB Telephone Equipment 810 Vibrators, Self-Propeller Roller (smll) 40 LCB Duplicators, Electric 16 Vibrators, Sheeps Foot Towed 8 Duplicators, Manual 50 Tank Truck, 10,000 litres 12 ,, Stencil, Electric 16 Truck, 10 ton 24 Drafting Machine 40 Rear End Dumper Truck, 6 cu m 16 ' Typewriters - Electric 12 Service (Lob. and Maintenance) Mobile Truck 2 - Manual 188 Explosive Van Truck 2 . Calculators 200 4 Welding Field Car, x4 2 . Misc. Office Equipment Var. Power Winch 10 ton 2 4 x 4 Vehicles 97 Tractor-Trailer (45 HP Farm Tractor and Tractor, Agriculture 1 3.5 ton Trailer) 16 .. Misc. Survey and Hydrometeorological Tar Boilers 20 Equipment for four field sites Var. Ambulance 2 . 0nigWihs 5k 2 Wagon Drills 2 Sounding Weights, 15 kg 124 Core Drilling Machine with accessories 4 50 kg 124 Compressors, 315 CFM 12 " 100 kg 42 Stone Crusher/Granulator, 6 T.M. 20 Boat 166 Weight Bridge, 25 ton 2 Misc. Measuring Equipment 290 sets Jack Hammers 24 " Misc. Laboratory Equipment Var. Concrete Mixer 10/7 48 Dumy Level. 145 Needle Vibrator 100 " Misc. Surveying Computing Equipment 290 sets Electric Pump, High Head, 60 HP 4 Binoculars 58 Diesel Pump, High Head, 60 HP 2 Prismatic Compasses 145 Electric Pump, High Head, 40 HP 4" Misc. Station Tools 290 sets Diesel Pump, High Head, 40 HP 4 Auto, Directors 1 Pump, 20 HP 8 Trucks 6 Dewatering Pump, 10/12 HP 40 Misc. Instruments Var, " , DeM atering Pump, S HP 12 Automatic Level (Kern GK-3A or equal) 4 Miscellaneous Pump 302 Theodolites, 1 sec. Acc., Illuminated and Welding Unit, Diesel ,, Centering Tripod 4 Generator, 15 kva 4 Generator, 25 kva 20 "Electronic Distance Measurer (Tellurometer Generator, 250 kva 6. o or equal) 4 Generator, 100 kva 6 Copying Machine 12 Agricultural Tractors 16 Mini Mpute 1 Water Tankers, Trailer-Mounted, 800-1,000 gal. 16 Mlnt Meters 290 Trailers 20 CretMtr 9 Asphalt Mixers 16 Concrete Mixers 10 Sub-total Rs 97.16 N Concrete Vibrators 20 Mobile Workshop Vehicles 4 Mobile Laboratory Vehicles, 4-Wheel Drive 4 2. Heavy Equipment Inspection Vehicles, 4-Wheel Drive 11 Diesel Field Car, 4x4 24 . Tractor, Crawler, 150 HP 4 ICB Wagon Field Car, 4x4 8 Tractor, Crawler, 90 HP 8 Automobile 6 Tractor, Crawler, 60 HP S Field Workshop and Testing Equipment Var. Excavator, Hydraulic 4 Mini Bus 4 Mobile Crane, 20 ton 2 Motor Boat 2 Mobile Crane, 10 ton 4 Motorcycles, 2.5 HP 172 Motor Graders, 120 HP 4 Bicycles 524 Vibrators, Self-Propeller Saloon Cars 2 (large) 8 ton 4 Wireless Stations 30 ' Vibrators, Sheeps Foot Towed Wireless Sets 10 * 4 to, 8 Workshop Building 2 Loader, Front End 4 Workshop Equipment 2 Low Boy Trailer-Tractor, 30 ton 2 Control Room and Repenter Stations 4 Road Rollers, 8-10 ton 16 Mobile Vans 2 Inspection Vehicles 2 Sub-total Re 43.04 M Furniture Var.

BASE COST Rs 140.20 M

us$ Equivalent US$ Equivalent 17.53 M Spar- parts at 15°b o8 baso coat 2.63 N sub-total 0S$. 20.16 M Ph:-stealContingency (15%) 08$ 2.02 M Total -is$ 22.18 H1 INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Annual ExpenditureSchedulel/

Item 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 Total ------Us$ M------

Schemes

MRP 17.5 23.8 31.1 31.1 35.5 139.0 HB 13.8 25.0 37.3 46.8 50.3 173.0 Arpa 2/ - 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 2.0

Other Items

0' Roads 0.6 1.3 3.8 6.3 6.8 18.8 a Sub-chak Deyelopment 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.0 Farming System Research 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.6 StatewideHydrological Network 2.3 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.2 8.8 TechnicalAssistance 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 Monitoringand Evaluation 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5

Subtotals 34.9 52.6 75.6 87.7 95.7 346.3

Price Contingencies 1.6 7.4 17.0 27.5 39.3 92.8

TOTAL PROJECT COST 36.5 60.0 92.6 115.2 135.0 439.1

1/ Detailed annual expenditureschedulesfor MRP and HB schemes are given in Tables T-ll and T-12; tne schedulesrelate to IDA fiscal year (July 1 to June 30).

2/ Survey, investigationsand detailed preparation. -65- Table T-15

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Estimated Schedule of IDA Disbursements

ID FY & Semester Semester Cumulative -- - US$ M ------

1982

1st 5 5 2nd 10 15

1983

lst 15 30 2nd 20 50

1984

ist 22 72 2nd 25 97

1985

1st 25 122 2nd 25 147

1986

Ist 25 172 2nd 25 197

1987

1st 15 212 2nd 8 220 -66- Table T-16

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Proposed Allocationof the Credit

US$M

1. Civil Works 1/ 190 607. of expenditures

2. Equipment & Vehicles 22 100% of foreign expenditures: or 100% of ex-factorycost; or 70%

2/ 3. Technical Services 2 100% of approved expenditures

4. Unallocated 6

220

1/ This category includes civil works in Roads, Sub-chak Channels, and the State-wideHydrological Network components.

2/ This category includes Technical Assistance,Farming Systems Research, Monitoring and Evaluation and the State-wideHydrological Network components. INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Present and Future Cropping Patterns

MRP Scheme HBEScheme Season/Crop Presently Rainfed Areas Presently Irrigated Areas Presently Rainfed Areas, Presentlv Irrigated Areas (150,000) (224,000) (210,000) (45,000) (------. of Net CCA-)

P l P Ww W Pp iii"VW1 1/ W2V2 2/ Wwp' ~ ~ ~W ~~P W p WW

A. Kharif Crop

Paddy Irrigated 9 9 100 72 72 100 100 5 5 92 90 90 92 Paddy Rainfed 63 63 - 14 14 - - 80 80 - 3 3 -

Sub-Total xharif 72 72 100 86 86 100 100 85 85 92 93 93 92 Irrigation Intensity 9 9 100 72 72 100 100 5 5 92 90 90 92

B. Rabi Crops Wheat Irrigated 1 1 12 1 6 12 12 - - 27 1 1 27 Wheat Rainfed 2 2 - 1 1 - - I 1 - 1 1 - Millets 9 9 - 2 2 - - 1 1 - 1 1 Gram/Pulses 4 4 7 2 2 7 7 2 2 - 2 2 - Gram - - 7 - 8 7 7 - - 16 - - 16 Linseed 5 - 5 5 - - 0 - - 0 Potatoes - - I - - 1 1 - - 2 - - 2 Onion/Vegetables 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 3 Berseem/Lucerne - - 2 - - 2 2 - - 2 - - 2

Pulses* 21 21 33 33 33 33 33 26 26 - 26 26 - Linseed* 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 12 12 - 12 12 -

Sub-Total Rabi 44 44 75 47 60 75 75 44 44 50 44 44 50 Irrigation Intensity 1 1 35 1 14 35 35 - - 50 1 1 50

C. Rot Weather Crops

Groundouts ------8 - - 8 Maize ------8 Green Gram - - - - - 4 - 4

Sub-Total Hot Weather ------20 - - 20

D. Perennials

Sugarcane ------6 - - 6 Bananas ------2 - - 2

Sub-Total Perennials ------8 - - 8

Total Cropping Intensity 86 86 175 133 140 175 175 129 129 170 137 137 170 Total Irrigation Intensity 10 10 135 73 132 135 135 5 5 170 91 91 170

* Crops remaining rainfed in "with project" situation 1/ WI - 154,000 Hla

= Present; 2/ W2 - Storage water from Ravishankar Reservoir (completed in 1979) would W = Future Without project; and provide irrigation for about 70,000 ha to the project standards without W = Future With Project. additional investmnt. INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Sunmary of Agricultural Produetion ('000 Ton s)

w -W W- Incremental Increoental W - W ------MRP Scheme ------Production ------HB Scheme------h- Produ, t Ion Incremental Agric- nrat Presently Rainfed Areas Presently Irrigated Areas _'r MR?P Presently Rainfed Areas Presently IrEigated Areas for HB Production with F joct P W P W1 I/ W2 2/ W P W W P W W (Total)

Paddy 134.3 155.9 457.5 295.0 229.2 213.5 683.2 542.1 217.7 253.9 627.1 66.1 74.4 134.4 433.2 975.3

Millets 4.0 5.2 - 1,2 1.1 - - -6.3 0.8 1.1 - 0.1 0.2 - - 1.3 -7.6 Wheat 4.0 4.9 32.4 3.5 14.8 15.12 48.4 46.0 1.9 2.3 102.1 0.6 0.8 21.9 77.1 123.1 Gram/Pulses 2.5 2.8 - 1.8 1.4 4.4 14.1 5.5 1.5 1.7 - 0.3 0.4 - 2.1 7.6 Onions/Vegetables 13.5 13.5 22.5 37.0 25.4 10.5 33.6 6.7 56.7 56.7 63.0 7.4 7.4 13.5 12.4 19.1 Potato - - 22.5 - - 10.5 33.6 45.6 - - 63.0 - - 13.5 67.5 113.1

Linseed - - 3.0 - - 1.4 4,5 6.1 _- - - - -_ 6.1

Groundnut ------30.2 - - 6.5 36.7 36.7

Maize - - - - - _ _ _ - - 50.4 - - 10.8 61.2 61,2 1

Sugarcane ------.- 882.0 - - 189.0 1,071.0 1,071.0

Banana ------126.0 - - 27.0 %'.0 153.0

Pulses Utera* 7.8 7.8 12.4 18.5 12.7 5.8 18.5 4.6 8.9 8.9 - 2.9 2.9 0.6 - 11.2 -6.6 Linseed Utera* 1.7 1.7 2.1 3.2 2.2 1.0 3.1 .2 2.7 2.7 - 1.1 1.1 0.2 - 3.6 -3.4 Gram - - 18.9 - 9.4 4.4 14.1 19.2 - - 30.2 - - 6.5 36.7 15.6

Berseem/Lucerne - - 120.0 - - 56.0 179.2 243.0 - - 168.0 - - 36.0 204.0 447.0

Mung ------8.4 - - 1.8 10.2 10.2

P = Present; f1 Wl = 154,000 ha from 224,000 ha presently irrigated lad represents an area not W- Future without Projeet; and reached by additional water from Ravishankar Dam (completed in 1979). W Future with Project.

N - W incremental production due to toseproject. 2/ i2 = 70,000 ha, additional water from Raviahankar Reservoir (completed in 1979) would provide irrigation for 70,000 ha to the present standards with no additional investment. * Crops that will remain rainfed in 'Future with Project' situation. -69-

Table T-19 INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Summary of Prices for Economic and Financial Analysis (Rs/Ton)

Crops Financial Prices Economic Prices 1981 1990 1981 1990

Paddy - HYV 1,230 1,460 1,980 2,270 - Local 1,330 1,580 2,140 2,440 Groundnut 2,350 2,940 3,070 3,840 Fodder 100 100 80 80 Maize - HYV 1,090 1,490 1,330 1,810 Wheat - Mexican 1,450 1,690 1,510 1,760 - Local 1,650 1,920 1,750 2,040 Gram 1,950 2,000 2,370 2,430 Sugarcane 190 190 210 210 Potato 700 700 850 850 Berseem/Lucerne 210 210 220 220 Rabi Pulses (Utera) 2,220 2,220 2,700 2,700 Bananas 550 550 560 560 Onion/Vegetables 700 700 850 850 Linseed 3,200 3,200 3,890 3,890 Inputs Unit urea (N) Rs/kg 4.3 4.7 5.5 6.0 TSP (P) Rs/kg 3.9 4.6 4.9 5.8 Potasium Chloride (K) Rs/kg 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.5 FYM/Compost Rs/T 24.0 24.0 19.0 19.0 Wage Rater Farm Labor - Rainfed Area 3.4 3.4 2.2 2.2 Irrigated Area 4.3 4.3 3.0 3.0 Bullock Pair (per day) 12.0 12.0 9.0 9.0 INDIA

MAXIIYAPRAOESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Crop Yields and Production Input Dats.

P K FYN CHE9t SEED DEPS INTf LTAX IRR Schemes CROP-NAME SEASON YIELD BYPROOUCT lIAB BULL N (T/ha) - - (see notes for unit) ------

MRP and 2iB CROPS AT PRESENT S0 260 30 62 12 40 PAODY IRR KHARIF 1.60 2.80 100 24 15 10 0 24 3 0 24 0 160 25 42 0 0 PADDY RF KHARIF 1.20 2.00 85 21 S 0 0 0 S0 10 is 0 0 MINOR MILLET KHiARIF 0.30 0.30 35 12 0 0 0 0 0 250 18 50 12 37 WHEAT IRR RABI 1.20 1.20 60 la 30 15 0 0 0 160 14 30 0 0 WHEAT RF RA81 0.50 1.00 45 16 5 0 0 0 0 0 240 10 29 0 0 GRAM/PIJLSES RABI 0.40 0.40 35 14 0 C0 36 100 .400 38 119 12 *S VEIGETABLES RASBI 15.00 0.00 125 23 100 70 0 0 0 0 63 5 10 0 0 PULSES UTERA RABI 0.25 0.50 15 5 0 0 0 0 63 5 10 0 0 LINSED U1ERA RAEt 0.20 0.00 1S 5 0 0

MRP Wand 111B CROPS FUTURE WITHOUT PROJCCT 0 24 75 260 33 62 12 40 PADDY IRR KHARIF 1.80 3.20 11O 25 30 20 24 0 1S0 29 38 0 0 PADDY RF KHAR IF t.40 2.40 95 22 10 R1 0 0 0 30 Ii 12 0 0 MINOR MILLET KHiARIF 0.40 0.35 36 12 0 0 0 SO 250 20 55 42 37 WHEAT IRR RA6i 1.50 1.50 65 20 40 20 10 0 30 0 0 1A51 0.60 S.20 50 18 10 5 0 0 0 1o0 It WHEAT RF 25 0 0 RA511 O.45 0.45 3B I4 0 0 0 0 0 240 It GRAMA/IILSE$S 12 99 V5.00 0.00 t25 23 10o 70 1t) 316 100 400, 26 I)5 VECiETALBLFS nRABI 0 0 S3 5 a 0 0 PUILSES USERS 115111 0.25 0.50 tS 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 5 a il 0 LIUSEQ UTERA RA151 0.20 0.00 is 5 0 0

11RParnd B CRaPS FUTURE WITH PROJECT 46 Iso 130 40 84 12 40 PADDY HYVi KHARIF 3.30 i.30 135 27 60 30 15 20 48 150 130 40 tR 12 40 PADDY HYV2 SHARIF 3.70 3.70 135 27 60 40 SS 40 ISO 130 40 184 12 40 PADDY H5V5 KAHARIF 3.50 3.60 135 27 60 30 15 4S 150 130 40 64 12 40 PADDY HYV4 KH.ARIF 3.30 7.30 135 27 50 30 S0 24 1G0 35 67 t2 40 PADDY LOCAL KF0A511 2 .0 4.30 116 25 40 25 teo 24 t00 I60 35 E9 12 40 PADDY LOCAL2 K14AR1F 2.30 4.20 413 25 40 25 to 0 7S 250 21 66 12 27 WHEAT MEX I RAR! 1.80 1.60 70 22 bO 25 IS 0 75 250 23 se 12 27 bH7AT MiEX 2 1A41 1.11 1.30 70 22 SO 2E1 ItI is 53 12 30 RbAM RABI 0.10 0.60 50 is 20 40 0 0 -70 240 0 270 375 69 134 12 74 51ElSEN/LUC RABI 40.00 0.0o 230 30 30 100 30 1o 36 i00 400 38 St4 42 e6 Ok4ION/VED RA46 16.00 0.0D 12Q 23 t00 70 36 t70 2400 26 236 t2 98 POTATO RA5I 15.00 0.00 125 22 100 70 SO

0 O b3 6' i 0 0 PULSES STfRA RAt I 0.25 0.I0 sIti MRP20n17 0 0 63 5 4 0 0 LISISED UTURA RA15 0.20 0.00 1s 8.0 0 60 B 24 12 30 LINSEEO 6A5s 0.40 0.00 30 tC 2B 0 0 0 so

100 530 42 92 t 74 I0OBJtNAJT NOT-SN 1.60 2.70 140 24 20 40 2) 0 45 30 0 75 120 26 24 t2 74 NAIZE RAS6 HOT-54 3.00 4.00 to 23 s0 0 70 63 IS 45 12 30 18.1140 1817~~NO-SN 1.0 100 s0o1 20 40 0 J0 24 400 376 66 190 22 t7 0 SUGARCANE PFRE81 70.00 0.00 220 50 I75 75 24 250 510 210 306 12 99 BANANA PERENN 30.00 0.00 700 45 325 175 300

INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL IN RUPEES LAS HUMAN LAW2OR IN MAPAYS INtIE: ON 40% OF INPUT COST) BULL: tULLOCK-LABOR IN PAIRDAYS (13.5% TAX (LAND REVENUE) IN RUPEES N.P.K: NUTRIENTS IN KILOGRAM LTAX: LAND IR8 : WATER CHARGE IN RUPEES FYN : FARMYARD NAEA)E/COMPOST IN RUPEES CHEMI: ASROCHENICALS IN RUPEES SEED: 1N RUPESS OEP : DEPRECIATION OF FlXtD CAPITAL IN RUPEES -71-

MADHYAPRAflIS MA;fOR!.UTGATON PROJRCT

Individual CrE Budeats- at Finncial Prices TAIlZ T-21

Schma CROP-NAME SEASON YIELD BYPRODUCT GROSS RETURN INPUT COST NET RCTURN WATER REG. NET RETURN i M3 (C/ha) (T/ha) -- R/h - -- *2 hA Wm- CROPSAT PRESENT

PADDY tRR KHARIP 1.60 2.80 2248 13S9 909 AR60 o0.952 PADOY RF KHAREF 1.20 2.00 1796 914 882 MINOR MILLET KNIAREp 0.30 0.30 308 352 .44 WHEAT ARR RAGE I.20 1.20 s96 1079 890 6200 0.1435 WHEAT RF RAG! 0.50 1.00 1015 854 361 GRAM/PULSES RAGE 0.40 0.40 896 626 230 VEGETABLES RAB£ I8.00 0.00 10100 2570 7930 4965 I 5972 PULSES UTERA RAEI 0.25 0.sO dos 209 399 LINSED UTERA RAGB 0.20 0.00 446 209 237

MRP CROPS FUTURE WITHOUT PROUECT

PAODY IER KHAR2F 1.80 3.20 2948 ¶1653 136s 5540 0.2900 PADDY RV KHARIF 1.40 2.40 2452 1010 1442 MlNOR MtLLET 4HAREF 0.40 0 3. 465 361 104 WHEAT IER 8481 1.s0 1:.0 2820 1322 1498 8200 0.2416 WH1AT4R RAGE 0.60 1.20 1280 7Y4 826 GRAM/PULSES RABI 0 45 0.45 886 634 31 VEGETABIES RACE 11.00 0.00 0100 2s48 7832 4865 1 5775 PULSES UTERA RAI8 0.25 0.50 808 207 401 LINSED UTERA RARE 0.20 0.00 446 207 239

MRP CROPS FUTURE WITH PROJECT

PADDY HYVI KHARIF 3.30 3.30 5148 2056 3092 3898 0.7937 PADDY HYV3 KHARIF 3.50 3.50 1460 2056 3404 5783 0.5887 PADDY HYV4 KHARlF 3.30 3.30 5148 2056 3092 8179 0.5005 PADOY LOCAL KHAlEF 2.50 4.60 4410 1723 2687 l177 0.3744 PADDY LOCAL2 KHAREF 2.30 4.20 4094 1723 2331 5878 0.3966 WHEAT MEXI RAIE 1.0 1.8o 3384 1155 1829 7717 0.2370 WHEAT MEX2 8481 1.80 1.80 3384 IS11 1829 6000 0.3049 GRAM RAal 0.90 0.80 I971 ¶250 721 2221 0.324a GRAM/P 8882 0.80 0.90 1971 1250 721 2221 0.3248 BERSEM/LUC RAGS 40.00 0.00 8400 3255 1145 11383 0.4520 ONION/EG AB 11.00 0. 10900 2Is98 7702 5223 1.738 POTATO RAer 11.00 0.00 10100 1212 8288 1226 .011 PULSES UTERA RAGE 0.25 0.10 g0t 222 325 LINSED UTERA RASE 0.20 0.00 446 222 224 LINSEED RABI 0.40 0.00 1280 68M 671 3760 o. 1784

BBL.. CROPS AT PRESENT

PAODY IRR KHARIF 1,60 2.80 2248 1443 805 4660 0.1726 PADDY Rf KHARIF 1.20 2.00 176 11003 793 MINOR MILLET KHAREF 0.30 0.30 308 390 -8* WHEAT tRR RAGI 1.20 1.20 1968 114 827 6200 0. 1333 WNEA7 RF RAlI 0.50 1.00 1015 701 314 GRAM/PULSES .RAI 0.40 0.40 818 623 1923 VEGETABLES A4I8 11.00 0.00 10500 2701 7799 4965 1.5708 PULSES UTERA RAGI 0.25 0.50 608 225 383 LINSED UTERA RACI 0.20 0.00 446 225 221

CROPS FUTUQE WITHOUT PPOJECT

PADOY IRR KHARIF 1.80 3.20 2848 1678 1270 5540 0.2292 PADDY Rf KHAlF 1.40 2.40 2452 1109 1343 MINOR MILLET KHARIF 0.40 0.31 465 401 64 WHEAT ERR RAI 1.0 i.50 2820 1390 1430 6200 0.2307 WHEAT Rf RAGE 0.60 1.20 1380 606 574 GRAM/PULSES RASI 0.45 0.45 988 174 312 VEGETABLES RARI 15.00 0.00 10500 2798 7702 4961 1.5512 PULSES UTE94ARARE 0.21 0.10 108 222 381 LENSED UTERA RABI 0.20 0.00 446 222 224

RE CROPS FUTURE WITH PROJECT

PADDY HYVI KHARlF 3.30 3.30 9148 2016 3092 3896 0.7937 PADOY HYV2 KHARIF 3.70 3.70 5772 2121 3e11 PADDY HYV3 KHARIF 3.50 2.10 1460 2056 3404 5783 0.8967 PAOOY HYV4 KHARIF 330 3. 30 5148 2:056 3092 6t179 0.001 PADDY LOCAL KHA IIF 2.50 4.60 4410 1723 2687 7177 0.3744 PAODY LOCAL2 KHARIF 2.30 4.20 4054 1723 2331 187a 0.3966 WHEAT MEX f RABI t.80 1.80 3384 1559 1829 7717 0.2370 WHEAT MEX 2 RAGI 1".0 1.10 3384 11"5 12s 6000 0.3049 GRAM RARI 0.90 0.90 1971 1250 721 2221 0.324S 3ERSEM/LUC RARE 40.00 0.00 8400 3215 5145 11383 0.4730 ION/VeG RAI 15.00 0.00 1osoo 2798 7702 5226 1.4738 POTATO7 RABi 11.00 0.00 10500 5212 5288 5226 i.O01B PLSES E7RA RAGS 0.25 0,80 608 22 38 LLNsED UTERA RABE 0.20 0.00 46, 222 224 GROUNONUT HOT-SN 1.80 2.70 5292 2280 3012 MAIZE RABI HOT-SN 3.00 4.00 4710 1903 2807 MUNG HOT-SN 1.00 1.00 2330 1096 1234 5240 0.235S SUGARCANE PERENN 70.00 o.oo 13300 4390 8910 BANANA PERENN 30.00 0.00 16200 8798 7409

NOTE: 5% CONTINGENCIES ARE ADDED TO INPUT COST

.i/ Water Requiremnt at Diveraion Poinlt. -7 Z-

INDIA

MADlI`A PRADESH,MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

indiviaual Crop Budgets at Economic Prices TABLE T-22

Scep CROP-NAME SEASSON 5 15EL YPRODUCT GR0SS RETURNJ INPUT'COST NET RETURN WATER REG. NET RETURN I 3 3 --- /ha ------Pa/ha ------/ha. Rs/rn MRP CROPS 4T PRE58N'

PADDY T514 -1A654 5.60 2.RO 3984 5270 271i4 4660 0.5624 PA00Y 4F KHAP54 1.20 2~00 3208 867 2341 ¶0'o -- LST KH515~ 0.20 0.30 423 335 88 W-A74 RA41 1.20 1-20 2242 1023 12614 6200 0.~2047 WHEAi4 .j RAS6 0.40 1.00 1170 520 550, GRAM4/PI.5 RABPSES 0.40 0.40 1022 594 438 VEGETABLES 05.50 18.00 0.00 12760 2438 10352 4965 2.0766 PUL080 .. TERA RA6: 0,25 0.50 754 1se 517 LINSEO LUT6R 1145 0-.20 0.00 540 168 342

MP 1CROP F477UE_5.YH05JT_P50JECT

SAlTSD 44~ !474414T IS0 3.20 4486 i117 2268 ¶5540 0.5937 4420y7Z 4" 441" 1.40 2.40 274a 734 2008 55404 Ml..7 KHAF2(F 0.40 0.25 562 242 220 FIR5 0441 5.50 i.50 2866 1078 1787 6200 0.2882 WHEAT 84 544,1 0.40 1.20 8446823 04!7.47 561 ~ 0.45 0.45 16 8 8 484784 4 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~i.000.00 127!50 2202 I0SS8 4965 2 1044 Pu2 574 U7'44A 8.55 0.25 0.60 755 162 563 1NSED 2T064 NASI 0 20 0.00 540 152 388

"0007 HI5541 Si= 3.20. 2.3C 6014 1641 6278 2896 1.6272 24005 HYVO K445" 2.50 2.60 8506 1541 6864 5783 1.1870 PADDY H-544 47465F 2.20 3.3.0 4019 1641 6278 4176 1.03223 PADDY LOCA. "ARIF5 2.50 4.60 6718 1346 6372 7177 0.7485 PA00Y 1.00412 K74RE4 2.20 4.20 6178 1246 4832 6878 0.8220 WHEAT MEAl 446BI 1.60 1.60 2428 1290 2148 7717 0.2783 WHEAT 145X2 6461I 140 1.80 2428 1202148 6000 0.3580 GRAM4 PAST6 2.40 0.80 2322 1032 1280 2221 0.5810 GAM1/P ¶5461 0.50 0.50 23222 1032 1280 2221 0.5880 BERS EM/LrSC RA461 40.00 0.00 8800 . 2604 6184 11382 05442 ONOITN;VEG RA61 i5.00 0.00 12750 2407 10343 6226 1.97932 PCT4T0 8A6: 56.00 0.00 12750 4677 8173 5226 1.5640 POILSE5 47844 RASI 0.25 0.60 715 165 850 1.54SE0 1,5RA PAS1 0.20 Cl.0DO40 168 375 LINSE6O 6481 ~ 0.40 0.00 8500 466 1034 3760 0.2750

HB CROPS AT PRESENT

"ACTY iQR KSHAPIF 5.60 2.80 2354 1270 2714 4660 0.5824 DAC0, SF K-1AR5F 5.20 2.00 2208 567 2341 51N0R MIL;FT <7444" 0.20 0.20 422 3351 88 WHEAT 568 4465 -..20 1.20 :262 1022 1268 6200 0.2047 4 H5.EA IP 65B 0.050 5.00 1170 620 680 GRAMI/PULSOS 4AS: 0.40 0.40 1022 594 438 VEGETAS,.S 645: 15.00 O.00 52750 2438 10312 4866 2.0769 P"LOS _TEPA SAS0.26 0.80 715 598 517 54N0c0 UTERA 6461 0.20 0.00 540 596 242

C7S5PS _400T5HOOjT_460.,ECO

AC4 I'R :84 45 5.50 2. 20 44864 517 2284 5540 0.5937 "700', RF K4APJF sA4c 2.40 7748 729 3009 141N,0 'A ITL 0ST.40 0.08 562 242 220 57HE5T '87 4001 .,su 5.8 2865 . 1078 1787 6200 0.2882 4HEAT~ 7" SOS 0.40 1,70 404 561 823 GRSTS/4458S PAST 0.45 0.45 141l 485 650 702ET44:.E 8461' 14.00 0.00 12750 2202 10448 4965 2.15044 "...L8E 47464RA 7 0.25~ 0.52, 755 i52 563 44450D 07841 4751 0.20 0.00 540 562 588

P400), 7125 774145" 2.20 3220 5014 1641 6376 2886 5.6372 PADDY Hy412 4.404 1 2 .70 2.70 8451 5715 7276 84004 Y472 8HA5 8 3.00 2.40 86065 5645 6664 5731.1670 P4117 "4 1546A 2:,.30 2.00 8016 1641 6378 6179 1.0322 SADY .X 412.50~ l A EC 6748 1246 5372 7177 0.7485 4400)YLOC442 _Aq5 2,20 4.20 6178 5346 4832 6878 0.8220 WHEAT1144 145,~As 5.50 1.80 34S2 5290 2148 7717 0.2783 WH64 544 2AE 444b ~ .40 Si. 3426 520 2546 6000 0.3580 26545 "44' 0.90 0.40 22212 1032 1290 2221 0.9850 826001.1/LJ k0.00 4u 0.0 6800so 2606 6584 15283 0,5442 0 NV5S 44 4.0 000 1702407 10343 5226 1.8792 POTATO RAS64I 55.0 0.C0 52750 4577 813 5226 '.6640 G540uN D45A 51:) 154N 1.S 2.70 sli2 5785 8131 MAIZE8 8A81 2O-S.00 4.00 1420 1428 4002 MUNG H57 854 5.00 5.00 2780 80 ¶800 8240 0.2626 44244448 47N7 7I .001 0. 00 5470-U '26689 11005 BANANA E;T7P 2fN0.00 0.00 17500 7812 9888

NOVE: 414 C0077I4GENCIE05 44 A006D TO INPUT COST -73-

Table T-23

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Typical Farm Budgets -/ (Rs)

Gross Hired Other Total Net Scheme Time Value Labor Inputs Inputs Value MRP , p 4530 266 2042 2308 2222 2/ W 6306 310 2341 2651 3655 Existing irrigatedareas - 12516 598 3675 4255 8263.

P 3306 163 1200 1363 1943

Existing rainfed areas - 4330 182 1304 1486 2844 W 12516 598 3657 4255 8261 HB P 4868 287 1967 2254 2614 Existing irrigatedareas - R 6186 312 2314 2626 3560 W 17432 870 5138 6008 11424

P 3806 182 1577 1755 2047 Existing rainfed areas -/ W 4948 200 196E 216E 2780 W 17432 870 513E 600e 11424

P - Present;W = Future without project;W Future with project 1/ Farm size of 2 ha.

2/ The existing irrigatedareas(1980) to be modernizedunder the development are about Z24,QQO.ha and 45,000 ha in ME2 and HB scheme command areas. respectively.

3/ The existing rainfedareas (1980) to be brought under irrigationare about 15Q0,00ha and 210,000ha in MRP and HEBscheme command areas. respectively.

4/ Net Return to family,labor and farm capital investments. -74- Table T-24

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Present Average Water Charges - MP State

A. Irrigation Use …------(Rs/ha) ------Crop Long-term Agreement Demand Rate

Paddy 40 60 Other Kharif Foodgrains 20 25 Wheat - 37 Pulses 30 30 Rabi Maize - 40 Groundnuts(kharif) 30 30 Cotton 40 40 Sugarcane(12 months) - 100 Perennial tree crops 100 100

B. Industrialand Domestic Use (Rs per 10,000 ft3)

IndustrialUse 6.0 Domestic Use 6.0 Water supply to village tanks (Kharif) 3.0 (Rabi) 6.0 2/ C. Water-relatedCharges - (2sSha)

Sugarcane 10 Cotton 5 Groundnut 5

1/ As of December 1980 2/ Commercialcrop taxes. INDIA

MADIIYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Estimated Farm Budgets and Project Rent at Full DeveloPmen-t

(2 ha)

------MP Scheme------______------IS------SCEE

Preaently Irrigated Presently Rainfed Presently Irrigated Presently Rainfed Areas Areas Areas Areas 1 W- WI/ w W w _ w ------Rs --- ______FARM BUDGET ------Rs ------FARM BUDGET 6,190 17,430 4,950 17,430 Gross Value of Production 6,310 12,520 4,330 12,520 Gross Value of Production 950 1,780 610 1,780 Total Labor Cost 940 1,370 550 1,370 Total Labor Cost 2,420 5,330 1,930 5,330 Other Inputs 2,340 3,660 1,300 3,660 Other Inputs 100 180 10 180 Land Tax + Watercharge 90 140 20 140 Land Tax + Watercharge Total Cost 5,370 5,170 1,870 5,170 Total Cost 3,470 7,290 2,550 7,290 Net Value of Production 2,940 7,350 2,460 7,350 2,720 10,140 2,400 10,140 Reward to Family Labor 630 770 370 770 Net Value of Production Labor 640 920 410 920 Net Farm Family Income 2T3~ 570 2,80 Reward to Family Net Farm Family Income 1 3,360 1 06 2,810 11,060 Off-Farm Income 1,500 T35W1j1r 5 00 1.500 1,500 1,500 1,500 Net Family Income 70 9.6 4,330 9;620 Off-Farm Income 4,860 12,560 4,310 1 560 Per Capita Income- 920 1.750 7 1750 Net Family Income Per Capita Income - 880 2,280 780 2,8 PROJECT RENT

Net Return to Farm 2,940 7,350 2,460 7,350 PROJECT RENT + (Tax + Watercharge) 90 140 20 140 2,720 10,140 2,400 10,140 Net Return Before Tax 3,030 7,490 2,480 7,490 Net Return to Farm 100 180 10 180 - Risk Equivalent 3/ 1,890 1,880 1,730 1,880 + (Tax + Watercharge) 2,820 10,320 2,410 10 320 - Management Fee (10%) 4/ 290 740 250 740 Net Return Before Tax 1,860 2,620 1,980 2,620 Implicit Land Rent 850 4,870 500 4,870 - Risk Equivalent 3/ 220 1.010 240 1,010 Project Rent Rsfha) 5/6/ - Management Fee (10%)- 2,010 2,190 Implicit Land Rent 690 6,690 190 6,690

Project Rent Rs per hectare- - 3,000 3,250

I/ "W": Future without project; "W": Future with project

2/ Assumed family equivalent of five and a half persons.

3/ Risk Equivalent - Expected gross value of production x famers' risk aversion factor x coefficient of variation of yields. The risk aversion factor is assumed as 2.0. in the situation without project and 1.5 in the situation with project. The coefficient of ield variation has been assumed as 20% in presently rainfed areas and 15% in presently Irrigated areas in the without project situation and a uniform rate of 10% has been assumed in the with project situation.

4/ The reward for management and entrepreneurship is primarily a premium for the special skills that farm management requires. Consequently, it has been assumed that the "management fee" is equal to 10Z of the net returns.

5/ Project rent relates to the incremental land developed under the project that can achieve full project benefits.

6/ At present the implicit land rent in irrigated areas is about Rs/ha 180 and about Rs/ha 60 in rainfed areas, i.e. - the rent due to irrigation is Rs/ha 120. INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Recovery - (Rs/ha)

Weighted Average Project Rent MRP HB fot both Schemes

Gross Value of Production 8,640 15,000 11,220 Production Cost 2/ 2,770 5,280 3,790 Net Cash Income 5,870 9,720 7,430 Less - Management Fee 590 980 750 - Risk Equivalent 590 980 750 Project Rent 4,690 7,760 5,930 Project Rent as a % of Net Cash Income 80%w 80% 80%

Cost Recovery

DIRECT : Water Charge 884 1,370 1,080 : Cess on Water Rate 30 30 30 Sub-Total (Gross Irrigated Area) 914 1,400 1,110 Sub-Total (Net CCA) 1,216 2,340 1,670 INDIRECT: Agricultural Sales Tax (Rs per Net CCA) 200 326 250

Total Cost Recovery 1,416 2,666 1,920

Rent Recovery as a % of Project Rent 307. 34% 321

CaDital Cost 4,850 6,480 5,510

Operation and Maintenance Cost 268 288 276

Total Public Sector Outlays 5,118 6,768 5,786

Cost Recovery as a % of Project Cost 28% 39% 33%

'aw

1/ Expressed in incremental values discounted over 50 years at 12% in constant 1981 prices 2/ Includes cost of labor and depreciation of capital. INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

MRP Scheme - Cost and Benefit Streams for Economic Analysis (RsM)

Foregone Agric- ultural Benefits Capital Cost in & Cd8t of Agricultural Total Total Net Incremental Periods Economic Prices 1/ Resettlement O&M Cost Research Cost Cost Benefits 2/ Benefits

1 94.44 0.00 0.00 1.18 95.92 0.00 -95.92 2 139.28 0.36 0.00 1.83 141.47 0.00 -141.47 3 190.36 1.79 0.40 1.89 194.44 7.00 -187.44 4 197.96 2.97 1.17 1.71 203.81 27.00 -176.81 5 223.40 3.67 2.14 1.00 230.21 60.00 -170.21 6 310.28 4.50 3.13 1.00 318.91 102.C0 -216.91 7 325.28 5.45 3.99 1.00 335.72 147.00 -188.72 8 325.40 7.11 5.43 1.00 338.94 203.00 -135.94 9 339.28 24.42 7.37 1.00 372.06 273.00 -99.06 10 310.48 21.89 9.54 1.00 342.90 354.00 11.10 11 289.20 25.46 12.01 1.00 327.67 447.00 119.33 12 195.48 20.87 14.17 1.00 231.52 541.C(0 309.48 13 142.88 21.94 15.54 1.00 181.35 625.00 443.65 14 137.28 23.95 17.21 1.00 179.44 695.00 515.56 15 89.28 24.19 19.20 1.00 133.66 761.00 627.34 16 0.00 25.73 20.03 1.00 46.76 1188.00 1141.24 17 0.00 25.73 21.25 0.00 46.98 1261.00 1214.L2 18 0.00 25.73 21.25 0.00 46.98 1310.00 1263.02 19 0.00 25.73 21.25 0.00 46.98 1340.00 1293.02 20 0.00 25.73 21.25 0.00 46.98 1358.00 1311.02 21 0.00 25.73 21.25 0.00 46.98 1367.00 1320.02 22 0.00 25.73 21.25 0.00 46.98 1370.00 1323.02 23-50 0.00 25.73 21.25 0.00 46.98 1372.ff, 1325.02

1/ Including cost of road construction. Capital costs are estimated at July 1981 price level adjusted r by the construction conversion factor.

2/ Build-up benefits is based on assumptions presented in Annex 3, Table 2 (Schedule of Benefits with Project). INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

HB Scheme - Cost and Benefit Streams for Economic Analysis (RsM)

Foregone Agric- ultural Benefits Capital Cost in & Cost of Agricultural Total Total Net Incremental Periods Economic Prices 1/ Resettlement O&M Cost Research Cost Cost Benefits 2/ Benefits

1 76.96 0.14 0.00 1.01 78.11 0.00 -78.11 2 139.88 0.42 0.00 1.26 141.56 0.00 -141.56 3 216.72 1.25 0.00 1.30 219.27 0.00 -219.27 4 281.00 15.20 0.00 1.70 297.90 0.00 -297.90 5 302.52 18.19 0.00 0.69 321.40 0.00 -321.40 6 299.92 25.78 0.00 0.69 326.39 0.00 -326.39 7 306.32 25.90 4.46 0.69 337.37 135.00 -202.37 8 300.64 29.65 6.27 0.69 337.25 283.00 -54.25 9 201.44 32.15 7.34 0.69 241.63 420.00 178.37 10 145.20 '35.63 9.15 0.69 190.67 559.00 368.33 1 11 122,00 38.13 10.36 0.69 171.17 683.00 511.83 12 112.40 40.77 12.03 0.69 165.89 804.00 638.11 1 13 87.60 42.57 13.24 0.69 144.10 918.00 773.90 t14 68.40 43.82 14.51 0.69 127.43 1025.00 897.57 15 42.80 44.52 15,38 0.69 103.39 1120.00 1016.61 16 0,00 44.52 15,99 0,69 61.19 1292.00 1230.01 1298.16 17 0,00 44.52 16,32 0.00 60.84 1359.00 18 0.00 44.52 16.32 0.00 60.84 14b04.00 1343.16 19 0,00 44.52 16.32 0(00 60.84 1431.00 1370.16 20 0.00 44.52 16.32 0,00 60o84 1477.00 1386.16 1393.16 21 0.00 44.52 16.32 0.00 60.84 1,454.00 1396.16 22 0.00 44.52 16.32 0.00 60.84 1457.00 :23-50 0O00 44.52 16.32 0.00 60.84 1458.00 1397.16

r 1i Including cost of road construction. Capital coSts are estimated at July 1981 price level adjusted by the construction conversion. factor. , 2/ Build-up of benefits is based on assumptions presented in Annex 3, Table i (Schedule of Benefits with Project). -79-

INDIA Chart C-1 MADHYA PRADESHMAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT SCHEMATICMAP OF RESERVOIRSAND FEEDERCANALS IN MRP SCHEME

TANDULA IRRIGATION PROJECT PAIRI IRRIGATION PROJECT I MAHANADI MAIN CANAL. COMMAND AREAl" COMMAND AREA COMMAND AREA

PAIRI-SIKISAR COMPLEX !

ASIKASAR 11977) (199MCM) !

i . I (Under Consrrc-tion): SONDUR (Under Construction A S (180 MCM) NDUR FEEDER CANAL

5 i 5 i t12260ha)E DUOHAWA(1978) (294 MCM( I : (1~~~~~~~~02,260ha)

MURUMSILLI (1923) /

o \ //t% (1b2MCM) i ,

P§AIRI (Proposesd) a t440i(t MCM) MCM)

' TORENGA \ n* , (1979) A t20( MCM) I soRAVISHANK

v4,a

KUKOA WEIR \4 \I.Ol4 ha

RUDRIWEIR

-n PROJECT !SUPPLYTO+t\4&

(304,000 ha)

LEGEND:

3 BarrageslWeirs

A Reseraoirs

- -- Feeder Canals Irripatian Canals - CommnandArea Eoundarg ... .@Rivera

MCM Million Cubic Metres

1/ Paid Irrigation Project wrIl be .aprated as part of the MRP Scheme after Pain Dam and Feeder Canal are campleted. Completion is scheduled in 1992. 21 Net Callitated Conmand Area directly se ved by a canal system shho-e in brackets World Bank-22603 -80-

INDIA MP MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT Chart C-2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

QUANTITY * I ITEM PRE 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 19898 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 UNIT TOTAL PROI JECT

IDA P,oject i5 Ye.m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ProjectTime Slice Irrigatio Comipoesn

MRP Scheme

R.odri Heedmorks % 100 I- 8 5 19 0 I 2~~~ ~~~919 3 9 7 0 Paini Dam % 100 1 33 C-210 1 4 -76 - S-ed-Oe.. % 100 13 38 75 iSO Other Mi-o Works % ISO00 2 5 10 195 20 28 40 50 60 69 77 54 I 89 92 98 100 Feeder, Main antidBrach Canals % 100 8

Meit Distib.tion Sym7 17 34 51 69 85 1161153 1 224 254 278 309 340 374

Lined Doom t. 40ha 'DOOha 3743/ ' Minior Canaliuetion Ibelom 405a to 8 hal ~ ~~~~1 7 ~~~34 ~~51 ~~~~786 85 115 143 180 218 25-4 278 309 340 374 U.Imd '~~~~~000ha 374

Linigg" '00 ha 374 ... 3..14 41 54 71 102 145 200 296 374 Drainage 000~~~~'GOha 374 16 895 169 165 13 28 59 302 340 374

HasalnoBengo SchemeI 9 132 19 24 4 1 97 7 1 85 96 100 Den, % 100 9 3 10O 20 30 40 47 59 69 79 96 90 93 95 97 99 100 Mam ..nd ranohCa-as % 1001lo

Mai,s Distributio System 4 12 34 59 85 105 121 148 166 191 209 228 241 250 255 Linsd D.-a,t.40h. 'OOOha 255 Mino Ca..aluation (belous 40 ha to 6 hal 4 12 34 53 95 105 121 12 160 176 191 209 1227 245, 255 UnlImed '0005ha 255 - 3 5 1 0 126 39 54 71 107 148 igg 224 25 Li n'/000 h. 255 .. 1.....- '000255 he I 1 34 53 55 101 10 140 160 175 190 308 I227 4 5 2 Arpa Scheme' S.rcey and Inoestigati-t-

DtherCmpnnt Im,plemntationAssistance Roads % 100 ~~~~~~~~~~1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 48 56 64 72 go 90 ioo

S.b-ohak Channels .- …………

Farming Systm Research . * j e………

Moh it-mig wd6sato … State,videHydrm-terological NetWOrk 1 100 10 22 34 46 60 70 so 90 105

- - -- Sur-ys and In-nstigoti-ns ...... Pilot or Field Dm stainProyrares.

Th. sched.le a..u.. that the project period starts 1st July, 1981 Progres th-root the ore/oct period is shoem ascumulative totals ot, 1st J. y each year 3] The program fr lIning of mine.. a....aHtitn is provisIoa; GOMP has comitted to carry out the pilot progra-o sb-chak lIning gloatin the first five years tim,e slice; the re.maiig programt is subject to evluationf athe pilot program. 2/ Arpa scheme will be finaliued and reie.ed d.,ie 5 the pre/j-t period. 3J Including 34,000 ha mnth. Pain Irrition Project lute. chart C-li World Bank - 22522 INDIA MADHYA PRADESH MEDIUM IRRIGATION PROJECT ORGANIZATION CHiART: IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

0sE*. G - Gvsa15a400 G.o----TW kk. ~S "9110 y

p- 1 ft1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W.__I

HO. 0055. Ofyo K0.090 "AL 00.. 0 0n aA 09.. ha09C0 Ka. 000fl- a..0). "00000 "A.Oflos50 @95l.. K.0 0O 0000100 alA GOan LOOOfn I A*0 - ~ 3Io E.55A. -I 5)A0.0 LAO - .5.0 9)to£ I 0)0-9001) 0) - 00:01.0.__*. .) 9 tLLW I to.) a' LtMl ID Lt.t0) 9 .0. - 50 -t LI.10 ID a ba 0 AO 9 u. o.Ss . .o. .s . .a H... 0)500. uo a. 5(*5 Do 561)0) 3 05.E.01 3 L.c mi a 00 IOa LA ISa) L.E Ml) - LE 9099 "Ia L 10 2 5.01.0 LAO. - W.50- 5A.00- I 15)1 510 3 E&)0) 2 54 -9 0o -a L.O. -I 1*0 E.&aO a Ooa.000J19 LE.10 lEL 4 LII 5 5)) . Z(0) 5 to 0..9 t - t.- 'O 9

X . X _ _ X _ ._ XI __smo.X kko._ 191~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E1+ + 14 1@ W11m 11 I i1T-m

t D Dt#t E #4 10n01.* O_.tEeS0.l..a 0-ad. 55003 e 5.90E} EO-|*

__.1 .* -MI-

=0== = ***-aS I 0 .. 9 * AO9*.) -9 R -f- _L00 t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U R. Ma

S~00. 0A10)2 000 .tO - 0*....00.

E.G*,{o | a.r Z .&.. ,*W',10 .400.|.0,- G5G-0G-I.0 , -82- ANNEX 1 Page 1

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Related Documents Available in the Project File

A. Reports and Studies Relating to the Project

1. NP CompositeMajor Irrigation Project, Volume I, Main Report, WAPCOS/GOMP,July 1980.

2. MP CompositeMajor Irrigation Project, Volume II, Annexes, WAPCOS/GOMP,July 1980.

3. MP Composite Major Irrigation Project: (a) SupplementaryNotes, WAPCOS, November 1980, (b) Revised Cost Estimates, WAPCOS, December 1980.

4. Ravishankar Sagar Project (MRP Scheme), Volumes I, II, IIA, IIB, and III, GOMP, November 1976.

5. RavishankarSagar Project Phase II (MRP Scheme), (i) (Action Plan IA, Abhanpur Lift Canal Scheme), GOMP, December 1976, (ii) Action Plan II (DistributionSystem of Feeder Canal), GOMP, August 1976.

6. Mahanadi Reservoir Project (MRP), Volume I, GOMP, July 1969.

7. Mahanadi Reservoir Project, Action Plan II, Remodellingof Main Canal, GOMP, October 1976.

8. MRP Scheme (Phase II) DistributionSystem of Feeder Canal, Volumes I and II, GOMP, August 1976.

9. MRP Scheme, Action Plan III, IV and V, (3 Volumes), GOMP, 1978.

10. Hasdeo Bango Project (Volumes I, II, III and IV), GOMP, January 1972.

11. Arpa Project, Volume I, GOMP, November 1973.

12. Pairi High Dam and Mahanadi Link Canal, Volumes I, II and III, GOMP, March 1978.

13. AgriculturalStatistics, Madhya Pradesh, Department of Agri- culture, GOMP, 1960-1979. -83- ANNEX 1 Page 2

14. Economic Survey of Madhya Pradesh, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GOMP, 1978-79.

15. Annual Plan 1979-1980, Department of Agriculture, GOMP.

16. Sixth Five Year Plan 1980-85, Irrigation Department, GOMP, 1980.

17. Technical Criteria, Irrigation Department, GOMP, Volumes IA, IB and II.

18. Technical Design Memorandum, WAPCOS, March 1978.

19. Manpower Estimates of Irrigation Department, GOMP, August 1980.

20. Report on Visit to MP Composite, Irrigation Project (Dams), V.P. Shimpi, January 1980.

21. Feasibility Report on Discussions with IDA Team; MP Major, GOMP, November 1980.

22. Outlet Studies (Kharif 1979), WAPCOS (Vol. I Main Report).

23. Outlet Studies (Kharif 1980), WAPCOS, February 1981.

24. Soil Survey Reports, Dept. of Agriculture, Hasdeo Bango, Arpa and MRP Schemes.

25. Agriculture Credit in MP, FAO Rome, 1980.

26. Agricultural Price and Marketing in MP, FAO Rome, 1980.

27. hydrometeorology of MP, Irrigation Department MP, 1980.

28. Hydrological Atlas of MP, Irrigation Department MP, 1973.

B. Laws

1. Madhya Pradesh Irrigation Act, GOMP, April 1975.

C. Selected Working Papers

1. Note on the Irrigation Department of MP, January 1979.

2. Groundwater Conditions within MP Major Irrigation Project Area; W. Barber (Consultant) IBRD, January,1981. -84- ANNEX2

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

PART A: Terms of Reference for Locally Recruited Consultants

Background

General Consultants - General Advice - Macro Planning - Micro Planning - Minor Drainage - Water Management - Conditions of Employment

Engineering Consultants

PART B: Terms of Reference for Dam Review Panel

General

Specific Actions -85- ANNEX2A Page 1

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Terms of Reference for Locally Recruited Consultants

Background

1. The original project proposals were prepared by the Irrigation Department (ID) in the early 1970s. They followed the traditionalplanning and design concepts of the period in India after independence. In particular, crop water requirementswere underestimated,and project agriculturalobjec- tives needed to be clarified in more detail. GOMP in 1978 retained WAPCOS 1/ to produce a FeasibilityReport (FR) which was completedin August 1980. The report incorporatedmany new ideas and concepts for the planning, design and management of the proposed irrigationsystems which are novel in MP and now need to be translatedinto practice. In addition, the ID will require a substantialincrease in implementationcapacity at all staff levels both for planning, design and constructionif the proposed implementationprograms are to be achieved.

2. Under the circumstances,GOMP has agreed that advisory services of outside Consultant firms would be sought with respect to the following:

(a) General Consultants to advise the ID in translatingthe concepts of the WAPCOS FeasibilityReport into detailed planning and design procedures,in testing alternativedesign solutions,and establishingleast cost solutionsfor meeting the performancecriteria establishedfor the system layouts. The ID also requires.advice on improved operation and maintenance procedures so that the irrigationsystems can be managed efficiently;and

(b) Engineering Consultantsto carry out the detailed survey and design of the irrigation systems below the distributaryhead regulators down to the 8 ha turnouts.

General Consultants

3. GOMP would retain the services of a public or private sector consultant firm experiencedin planning, design and implementationof modern irrigation schemes. In addition to technical expertise,the Consultantswould need to be familiar with practices and procedures of State IrrigationDepartments and with a number of IDA-assistedprojects in India. The consultantswould:

1/ Water and Power ConsultancyServices (a GOI undertaking). -86- ANNEX 2A Page 2

General Advice

(a) Provide advice, assistance and in-service training to strengthen the ID's capacity to plan, design, execute, monitor and evaluate and manage works of the type proposed under the MP Major IrrigationProject;

(b) assist the ID in preparing annual implementationschedules for both MRP and HB schemes and in particular advising the ID on works programs to minimize interferenceto existing irrigatedareas; and

(c) assist the ID in the study of conjunctiveuse of groundwater and surface irrigation supplies in the project area and in the formulationof proposals to develop groundwater resources through the public or private sectors.

Macro Planning

(a) Assist GOMP in formulatingimproved design and criteria and in the preparationof designs for irrigation layouts down to the 40 ha outlets, channels and structures (except for major structures such as dams);

(b) assist the ID in identifyingdata and monitoring requirements to improve cost effectivenessand system efficiency particularly with respect to canal lining;

(c) assist the ID in the application of technical specifications and tenders suitable for the procurement procedures (both ICB and LCB) under the project;

(d) assist the ID in setting up project quality control units; and

(e) assist the ID in setting up project monitoring and evaluation units.

Micro Planning

(a) Assist the ID in preparing a program of survey and investigations to ensure that the project implementationschedule can be met;

(b) advise the ID on the preparationof detailed guidelines for the design of irrigation systems below the 40 ha outlet so that works can be constructedon a block-by-blockbasis;

(c) assist the ID in setting up an exercise to evaluate lining of sub-minor channels below 40 ha outlet to the 8 ha turnout; and -87- ANNEX 2A Page 3

(d) assist the ID in the preparation of terms of reference for the retention of Engineering Consultants to undertake the surveys, design and tender documents for block irrigation development (para 6).

Minor Drainage

(a) Advise the ID on the design and implementation of minor drainage works under the project; in particular, advise on design criteria, standard outfall and access structures, and any remedial or additional works needed to utilize natural main drainage channels.

Water Management

(a) Assist the ID in the management implications of commission- ing of the irrigation works under the project and the transition from existing to improved management procedures; and

(b) assist the ID in the preparation of terms of reference (by March 31, 1983) for a detailed management study in the light of their experience under the general consultancy. The detailed terms of reference would be submitted to IDA for review. The basic objectives of the study would be to assist the ID in establishing rules and procedures for operating and maintaining the improved irrigation schemes. In particular, the study would:

(i) assist GOMP identify the organizational changes which will have to be made to efficiently and effectively manage the schemes under the project;

(ii) review planning of water utilization including the integrated operation of the reservoirs required to meet the multi-purpose needs of the project schemes, including industrial and domestic needs, kharif and rabi season irrigation;

(iii) assist the ID in the detailed planning and implementation of the improved communication facilities and other facilities to achieve the operational efficiency standards set under the project;

(iv) advise the ID on technical or project implications of existing water agreements that might be necessary under the Madhya Pradesh Irrigation Act (amended 1974) to ensure that project benefits are achieved; in particular, on how to allocate scarce water resources and how rabi supplies would be allocated; and

(v) assist the ID in the preparation of O&M manuals for MRP and HB schemes to include the operation of the reservoirs and irrigation systems. - 88 - ANNEX 2A Page 4

Conditionsof Employment

4. The General Consultantswould be responsibleto the Engineer-in- Chief through the CEs directly responsiblefor the project works and would function only in an advisory role. The consultantswould establish a project office in Raipur with adequate technical staff supportedby Senior Staff from their Head Office. The initial agreementwould be for three years subject to satisfactoryperformance; this would be extended by mutual agreementuntil GOMP professionalstaff with the requisite experience can continue the program without further assistance. Charges for technicalassistance would be 100% reimbursableunder the project togetherwith any costs for facilities and service required by the Consultants so that they can function effectively.

5. The Advisory Unit would consist of three Senior Engineers exper- ienced in lined irrigation system planning and implementationand an irrigation system management expert. GOMP would provide the services of a Senior Agriculturalistand a Senior Project Economist to work with the proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Unit. In addition,experts in groundwater,irrigation law, irrigatedagriculture and hydrology would be provided by the Consul- tants on short term basis as required. By December 31, 1982, the ID assisted by the Consultants,will produce a comprehensiveimplementation manual (to be reviewedby IDA) which updates or replaces present statewidetechnical criteria to be used for works in the project area. The report would also identify areas which might make the project more cost effective or efficient. The report would be printed in sufficient copies so that all technical staff could be provided with a copy.

6. The ID would provide sufficient transportationequipment and facilities for the General Consultants to function efficientlyand such provisions would revert to the ID at the terminationof the consultancy. The ID would also provide necessary support staff to assist the General Consultants to fulfill their obligations. The provisionalcost estimates of the General Consultancyare given in Annex 4A, Table 7.

EngineeringConsultants

7. The ID would retain the services of outside public or private firms of EngineeringConsultants for the survey, planning, and design of the canal distributionsystems and minor drainage systems serving the areas to be "block developed"under the project (about 154,000 ha) in the command areas of MRP and HB schemes. The works would be let as contracts covering an irrigation block (or number of blocks) serving about 5,000 ha. Contracts would be let throughGOMP's LCB procedures and restricted to engineeringfirms which have been prequalifiedby IDA in terms of experienceand qualifications. The general terms of referencewould include:

(a) production of 1:4,000/1:2,000scale maps with (a) spot levels and (b) contours suitable for use as a basis for canal system layout planning. The maps would show topographicalfeatures, such as rice field boundaries, canals and natural drainage channels, villages, habitations, roads, tracks and right of -89- ANNEX 2A Page 5

ways, and any other features relevant to the project works. One set of maps would show at least one spot level in each rice paddy; a second set of maps would show general contours to 30 cms interval to represent the natural ground profile before the rice field terracing and the cadestral information avaiiable frolavillage ma,s;

(b) preparationof preliminaryirrigation system layouts from distributaryhead regulators down to 40 ha outlets together with the alignments of sub-minor channels down to 8 ha turnout and alignment of minor drainage. These layouts would comply with the general design principles,assumptions and criteria outlined in SDV, Annex 9 and detailed in the Feasibility Reports of MP Major IrrigationProject 1/ as amended from time to time by the ID. In particular, the boundaries of the 40 ha outlet command and the sub-chak commands (about 8 ha) would be selected to comply with the minor canalization design principles outlined in Appendix 2 of SDV, Annex 9. The preliminarylayouts would be the least cost solution able to fulfill the technical and operationalobjectives of the project irrigationschemes;

(d) on approval of the system layouts, the alignments of the proposed canals down to 40 ha outlets would be surveyed and longitudinal sections of the proposed channels prepared showing canal capacity, channel section dimensions, elevation, design water level, freeboard, location and type of structures in such detail as to enable a bill of quantities suitable for tendering to be produced;

(e) the ID would review and approve the long sections of the proposed canal and drainage layouts. The ID would provide standard design criteria and structuredesigns so that documents suitable for tenderingcan be produced by the Consultants;and

(f) the Consultantswould then prepare tender documents to make up suitable size contracts for block developmentswith the extent of command areas decided by the ID. The tender documentswould include general layout drawings, channel long sections, typical and special structure designs; bill of quantities and general conditions of contract which specify constructionstandards.

1/ MP CompositeMajor IrrigationProject, FeasibilityReport Volumes I and II, WAPCOS/GOMP,July 1980. -90- ANNEX 2B Page 1

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

DAM REVIEW PANEL - TERMS OF REFERENCE

General

The Panel will undertake periodic and comprehensivereviews of the plans, designs and constructionof the dams and related structures included under the project, with the objectiveof ascertainingand reporting on their general safety and performance,including considerationof geological, hydraulic and structuralaspects as well as soil mechanics.

Specific Actions

(i) To review all drilling and boring data and samples to indicate any additional investigationsand/or improvements that may be required in connectionwith foundation treatment,design parameters,borrow areas and potential reservoir leakage;

(ii) to review design parameters being used for the selected constructionmaterials;

(iii) to examine the design of filters and review their location;

(iv) to review proposed constructionplans, procedures and schedules;

(v) to examine the adequacy of treatment given or proposed for the foundationsand abutments;

(vi) to advise on instrumentationto be installed in embankment/ non-overflowspillway sections and to ensure that a program of monitoring is provided for;

(vii) to review the hydrologicaldata and computationsused in sizing the reservoir;

(viii) to review the flood hydrology used in sizing and designing the spillway;

(ix) to examine the structural integrity of gravity dams/spillways;

(x) to compare the design parameters with those realized in the field, and suggest modifications,if any, required in the design parameters; -91- ANNEX 2B Page 2

(xi) to review the quality control procedures being followed in the constructionof the dam;

(xii) to review the proposed filling and operating criteria from the standpoint of dam safety;

(xiii) to review operation,maintenance and safety criteria and procedures proposed to be used after initial filling; and

(xiv) to advise on flood warning systems in catchmentarea of dams.

2. All the necessary data and informationrequired by the panel for review of the various items listed above will be furnishedby the Irrigation Department. Additional investigationstudies, laboratory testing,model experiments,etc., which in the opinion of the panel are necessarywill also be undertaken by the IrrigationDepartment.

3. The panel will submit a written report containingtheir review comments and recommendationswithin sixty days followingeach convening of the panel. This report should be made available to IDA for review and to such bodies within the Government of India which may be assigned safety-of- dam responsibilities. -92- A4NEX 3

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Assumptions for Economic Analysis

Table of Contents

Prices - General - Standard Conversion Factor - Construction Conversion Factor - Foodgrains Conversion Factor - Price of Paddy Prices of AgriculturalInputs AgriculturalWages Benefits - Crop Budgets - Cropping Patterns - Build-up Rates - Future Without Project - Rate of Development Costs - Costs to Irrigation Users - Irrigation Component - Land Acquisitionand ResettlementCosts - Operations and Maintenance Costs Economic Rate of Return and Net Present Value SensitivityAnalysis Cost and Rent Recovery

List of Tables

1. Economic Price for Paddy 2. Schedule of Developed Areas Under Project - MRP Scheme 3. Schedule of Developed Areas Under Project - HB Scheme 4. Land Acquisition -93- ANNEX 3 Page 1

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Assumptionsfor Economic Analysis

Prices

1. General. The economic prices of major traded agriculturaloutputs were derived from the IBRD projected 1990 world market prices expressed in 1981 currency value with appropriateadjustments for freight, handlIng and processing. The projected economic prices for non-traded foodgrains are derived by applying a foodgrainconversion factor (FCF) to the financial price (para 4). Non-traded goods and services were brought to a common basis with the traded ones through the use of conversionfactors (explainedin the following paras). A standard exchange rate of US$1 to Rs 8.00 was used to convert prices expressedin US dollars to local currency values. The assumptions behind the estimates are describedbelow.

2. Standard ConversionFactor (SCF). The costs and benefits of the project are evaluated at world market prices, in order to measure correctly what India's net economic benefits from the project. However, many of the costs are for items that are not traded on the world market. Tariffs and trade restrictionsintroduce a distortionin the price relationshipbetween traded goods--valuedat world markets--andnon-traded goods--valuedat local prices. In order to make them comparable,an SCF is applied to the price of non-traded goods. In the absence of trade restrictions,the SCF can be approximately calculated using the formula:

SCF = + M X +S + M + T x m

where X = export value (f.o.b.); M = import value (c.i.f.); Sx = subsidies on exports; T = taxes and duties on imports. m

For the period since 1970, this calculationgives a SCF of 0.86. However, since this estimate does not take into considerationquantitative restrictions on trade, it provides only an upper limit for the SCF. The Indian Planning Commission recommends for the evaluation of industrialprojects, the use of conversion factors for foreign exchange and for untraded goods that implicitly give a SCF of aout 0.75. Because of the approximatenature of this estimate,a SCF of 0.8 has been used in the economic analysis. Specific conversion factors were calculatedfor constructioncosts and non- traded foodgrains (see below). -94-

ANNEX 3 Page 2

3. ConstructionConversion Factor (CCF). The schemes would be constructed using a mixture of equipment, skilled and unskilled labor. For the economic analysis, the CCF was estimated as follows:

(a) Traded Component: This component includes capital-intensive works which require imported materials. Hence the conversion factor is 1.00 and it is estimated that about 21% of the construction costs fall under this category.

(b) Non-TradedComponent: This component includes work that require skilled labor and locally manufacturedmaterials. The SCF of 0.80 is used as the conversionfactor for these works. About 45% of the constructioncosts are included in this category.

(c) UnskilledLabor: A ratio of economic to financial wages similar to the one assumed for agriculturallabor (67%) has been assumed for unskilled constructionlabor. It is estimated that unskilled labor constitutesabout 34% of the constructioncosts.

Conversion Factor Weight

Traded Items 1.00 0.21 Non-tradedItems 0.80 0.45 Unskilled Labor 0.67 0.34

ConstructionCosts (weightedaverage) 0.80 1.00

4. Foodgrains ConversionFactor (FCF). The economic prices for trpied goods such as rice, wheat, cotton, groundnuts,and sugarcanewere based on their border prices at the standard exchange rate. The domestic cost components (i.e., local transport and marketing charges) were adjusted by the SOF of 0.80. The economic prices for non-traded foodgrains (maize and pulses were assumed to be non-traded)were derived by applying the FCF to their projected financial prices. The FCF was estimatedusing the following formula:

FCF (Q rice x PE rice) + (Q wheat x PE wheat) = 1.215 (Q rice x PF rice) + (Q wheat x PF wheat)

where: Q: Madhya Pradesh Production PE: Economic Price PF: Financial Price

The projectedfinancial prices for various crops are based on the estimated historical price trends 1/ in Madhya Pradesh.

1/ See Madhya Pradesh - AgriculturalPrices and Marketing, prepared by FAQ/World Bank Cooperative Program, Rome, April 1980. -95- ANNEX 3 Page 3

S. The Price of Paddy. Paddy is the principal crop in the project area. Its economic price has considerableeffect on project benefits and has been thoroughlyinvestigated. Because the project area is already a major exporter of rice, it has been assumed that the incrementalproduction would be exported. Bank projectionsindicate that in the 1990s India is likely to be a net exporter of foodgrains.1/ Consequently,the economic price of paddy is based on the assumptions that incrementalrice productionwould be exported out of India. However, the exportable surplus would be a small proportion of the total production,may not materialize in drought years, and would depend on India achieving the assumed rate of agriculturalgrowth. If the incremental productionwould not be exported outside India (directlyor indirectly)the economic price would be about 4% higher. The effect on the ERR is discussed in para 18. Detailed calculationsare given in Table 1.

Prices of AgriculturalInputs

6. Fertilizershave been valued at the projected world market price. Pesticides and insecticideshave been assumed to be traded; to make allowance for taxes and subsidiesand the total cost of transportand marketing, a conversionfactor of 0.95 has been applied to their financialprices. The economic price of seed and miscellaneouscharges has been assumed to approximatethe financial price. The economic price of a bullock/daywas derived from the rental price for one pair with an operator per day, adjusted by the SCF. A summary of economic prices is presented in the main report, Table T-19.

AgriculturalWages

7. Wage rates in the project area vary seasonally from Rs 2 to 5 per man-day for rainfed agriculture,and from Rs 3 to 6 per man-day for irrigated agricultureactivities. Seasonal variationswere averaged out by adopting seasonallyweighted daily wage rates:

Employment Employment Rainfed Period Irrigated Period (Rs/man-day)(months) (Rs/man-day)(months)

Slack season 2.0 3 3.0 3 Intermediateseason 3.5 7 4.0 6 Peak season 5.0 2 6.0 3 Average (year) 3.4 4.3

Economic wage rates were derived from the financial ones assuming that for the slack and peak period, the financialwage is a good approximationfor the shadow wage (reservationwage), and that only during the intermediate season the financialwage overstates the opportunitycost of labor by some 40%. To the weighted average shadow wage rates derived, the SCF (0.8) was applied, resulting in economic wages of Rs 2.2 and Ks 3.0 for the rainfed

1/ Economic Situationand Prospects of India, Report No. 3401-IN, April 15, 1981. -96- ANNEX 3 Page 4

and irrigated areas, respectively. When compared to financial wage rates, this is equivalent to an unskilled labor conversion factor of about 0.67.

Benefits

8. Crop Budgets. Assessment of future yields, "with" as well as "without" project, was based on (i) farm surveys in the project areas; (ii) yield statistics; and (iii) direct information in the field. Project yields represent an estimate of the average yield which can be expected under assured and timely water-supply conditions in an average year, assuming satisfactory supporting services, especially extension. The "without" project yield estimates were based on present agricultural practices adjusted upwards by about 15% to take account of past productivity trends.

9. Cropping Patterns. The "future without project" cropping patterns were estimated on the basis of the present situation in the project area with an allowance for storage reservoir works recently completed in MKP scheme for which the benefits are in the process of building up (see para 10). Projected "future with project" cropping patterns are based on assumptions about farmers' behavior under conditions of water delivery systems that functions effectively. These assumptions were tested and confirmed by results derived from linear programming models which were also used to estimate farmers' behavior. "Pre- sent" and "future with project" crop patterns are detailed in SDV, Annex 6.

10. Build-up Rates. The gradual transition from the present subsistence agriculture to modern agricultural practices (as a result of an assured and timely water supply) was estimated to take five years in areas already irrigated and seven years in cultivated areas which are presently rainfed.

11. Future Without Project. The existing irrigated area in MRP scheme averages about 224,000 ha per annum. Completion of Dudhawa (1978) and Ravishankar (1979) reservoirs have not yet been reflected in present crop production. For the project analysis, it has been assumed that in 70,000 ha of the present irrigated area the transition to the "future with project" cropping pattern in the kharif season can take place without the additional investments under this project. There is sufficient capacity in the existing main canal and water availability to compensate for existing system inefficiencies and thus enable this cropping transition to take place. In addition, it has been assumed that about 24,000 ha of the existing irrigated area can be put to the future rabi cropping pattern (Table T-17, main report) using surplus storage water immediately available to the MRP scheme area. The build up rate for the kharif and rabi crops in the "future without project" condition would be similar to those made for the "with project" situation. For the project analysis in the HB scheme, it has been assumed that there will be no change in cropping patterns or crop yields from the present situation until construction of Bango Dam is substantially complete (1986). Without storage, the transition to early planted kharif paddy cannot take place and that there will be no water available for rabi or perennial crops.

12. Rate of Development. The implementation schedule of block development by year, for MRP and HB schemes, is given in Tables 2 and 3 of this Annex. The tables show whether block irrigated areas developed under the -97. ANNEX 3 Page 5 project are from present rainfed areas or areas served by the existing irrigation systems. The tables also show those areas which (i) at present can be served to "future with project" water supply standardsusing water available from completedreservoirs; and (ii) would be developedunder the project (hb scheme) but cannot generate project benefits until Bango Dam is complete.

Costs

13. Costs to IrrigationUsers. All investment costs in the development of water resources to serve irrigationand the municipal and industrialwater supply (M&I) componentswere divided in proportion to the average annual volume of water allocated. Thus, about 85% of the cost of the Sondur and Pairi Dams, Sondur, Mahanadi and Pairi feeder canals, as well as 85% of the Bango Dam were allocated to the irrigationcomponent while the remainderwas allocatedto the M&I components and therefore excluded from the cost streams.

14. IrrigationComponent. Capital cost estimates based on July 1981 market prices and proposed implementationschedules were adjusted by the CCF; they exclude sunk costs (the benefits from sunk costs are largely incorporated in the 'withoutproject' estimates)and price contingencies.

15. Land Acquisitionand ResettlementCosts. There are three elements of direct financial land acquisitioncosts to the project: (i) resettlement costs for property lost to submergencein the reservoir areas (4,250 and 1,400 families in MRP and HB schemes, respectively);(ii) compensationcosts for areas submergedwhen reservoirsconstructed under the project are commissioned (about 300 ha, 3,606 ha and 5,520 ha in Sondur, Pairi and Bango reservoirs, respectively);and (iii) the compensationcosts for land acquired so that the canal distributionsystems can be constructed (about 7,500 ha and 10,500 ha in MRP and HB schemes, respectively).

16. It is assumed that all cultivatedland lost to cultivationas a result of the project is and would remain rainfed. The net CCA of the rainfed area has been taken as 5% larger than the net CCA which can be irrigatedafter completionof the canal distributionsystems. Land acquired for the distribution systems is assumed to be lost to rainfed cultivationfrom the year that the project works are constructed. Cultivatedland submergedin reservoir areas is assumed to be lost to cultivationas follows: half in the year prior to completionof the dam, and totally in the year of completion. The schedule of land to be acquired for project works and the economic cost of land acquisition are detailed in Table 4 of this Annex.

17. The economic cost of resettlementis calculatedby multiplyingthe financial cost by the constructionconversion factor (CCF). Where the cost of land acquisitionis concerned,the real cost to society is the opportunity cost; that is, the productionforegone by the submersionof the land in the reservoirs and the loss of lands acquired for the constructionof the distribution system. The per ha value of productionin the "futurewithout project" situationwas taken to represent this opportunitycost and was deducted from the benefit stream. -98- ANNEX 3 Page 6

18. Operation and Maintenance Costs. At present, the financial costs of O&M are estimated at about Rs 70/ha for the existing irrigated areas although provisions average only about Rs 36 per ha. It is estimated that about Rs 100/ha would be needed to assure proper O&M. O&M involves mostly the employment of unskilled or semiskilledlabor and therefore the unskilled labor conversionfactor of 0.67 was applied.

Economic Rate of Return (ERR) and Net Present Value

19. The economic cost of all civil works, equipment, land acquisition and resettlement,administration and engineering,operation and maintenance costs have been included in the derivation of the ERR. Discountingcosts and benefits over a 50 year period, the estimatedERR and the net present value at 10% and 12% interest rate for the two schemes at full development are as follows:

ERR Net Present Value (Rs M) 10% 12%

MRP Scheme 20 2,641 1,532 HB Scheme 22 3,389 2,085 WUholeProject 21 2,515 1,834

SensitivityAnalysis

20. Several tests were performed to evaluate the sensitivityof the assumptionsmade in the economic analysis (see para 6.07, main volume). Additional details are presented below.

a. Price of Paddy (see para 5). If India would remain a net importer of rice the economic price would be about 4% higher than assumed in the base calculation,and the ERR would rise to about 21% and 23% for MRP and HB schemes, respectively.

b. Cost Allocation. To examine the sensitivityof the ERR to the assumed cost allocation,the water allocated to the Municipal and Industrial (M&I) users was evaluatedat the opportunitycost of that water in agriculture. The opportunity cost of wat r was estimatelby a linear programming model at Rs 0.51/m and Rs 0.33/m at the reservoirs for MRP and HB Schemes, respectively. The ERR using this alternative approach would be 21% and 22% for MRP and HB Schemes, respectively.

c. ImplementationSchedules. The effect of constructiondelays would result in higher overall project costs and would slow down the transition process to future benefits in the project areas. Constructiondelays could result due to shortages of construction materials which are in limited supply. In the last five years, only 63% of the cement -99- ANNEX 3 Page 7

requirementsof MP irrigation schemes have been met. Con- structiondelays could result in a temporary surplus of water in the initial years which might create pressure to allow cultivationof "summer season" paddy (cultivatedfrom liarchto June). If the developmentprogram would be delayed by 5 years, the ERR would decline to 19% for MRP scheme and 20% for RB scheme.

d. Rabi Benefits. The rainfall pattern in the project area is highly variable both annually and seasonally. In some years, no rabi crops could be grown in the MKP command because rabi cropping would receive the lowest priority in water supply. An extreme case of permanent shortage was analyzed by assuming that no rabi irrigationwould be possible in the MRP scheme in any year. The ERR would then be reduced to 18%. A 50% reduction in rabi benefits in HB scheme, would reduce the EER to 20%.

e. Budgetary ConstraintsI. The implicationsof serious budgetary constraintsbeyond the five year time slice were tested for both MRP and HB schemes. The eliminationof Pairi Dam and Pairi Link Canal in the MRP scheme would reduce the irrigated area by about: 9,100 ha directly served by the Pairi Dam, reduce water supply, and limit the operationalflexibility in the rest of the irrigationsystem. The EKR would decrease to 17%. The eliminationof Sakti (34,430 ha) and Kharsia (63,400 ha) branch canal commands in the HB scheme with start of constructionscheduled under the project for 1987/88 and 1988/89 respectivelywould reduce the ERR to 18%. 1/

f. Budgetary Constraints II. The unlikely possibilityof term- inating developmentbeyond the five year time slice was tested for both schemes. In this event all works would be discon- tinued with only 69,000 ha in MRP scheme and 85,000 ha in HB scheme fully developed. The ERR would decrease to 14% and 16% for MRP and HB schemes respectively.

Cost and Rent Recovery

21. Estimates of cost and rent recoveries used in this report (Table T-25 and T-26) were based on the following assumptions: (i) water related charges would remain unchanged (in real terms) in the next 10 years; (ii) the charges would be gradually raised from year 11 until they reach 30% of the incrementalproject rent in year 22; (iii) the incrementfor indirect cost recovery per ha from taxes on agriculturalproduction would reach about

1/ Assuming that irrigation intensity in the rest of HB scheme would not change. -100- ANNEX 3 Page 8

Rs 100 at full development;(iv) O&M costs would amount to Rs 100/ha; and (v) cost and revenue streams are discounted at 12% per annum over 50 years. Under these assumptions the rent recovery indexes would amount to 30% and 34% for MRP and HB schemes, respectively. Full recovery of the resources invested in the project over a period of 50 years at 12% per annum would require an average annual recovery of about Rs 700 per ha of CCA. The average annual recovery through water related charges and agriculturaltaxes is estimatedat Rs 230 per ha of CCA. The Cost Recovery Index (average for MRP and HB schemes) would thereforeamount to about 33% (Table T-26). -101- ANNEX 3 Table 1

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Economic Price for Paddy

Import Export 2/ Substitution3/ Price Price Projected 1990 World Market Price 1/ US$/ton 631 631

InternationalShipping & Handling US$ - 24

F.O.B./C.I.F.Calcutta US$ 631 655

@ Rs 8.0 = US$1.0 Rs 5,048 5,240

Transport and Packing Rs 160 x 0.8 Rs - 128 - 128

Bags (20 @ Rs 5) Rs 100 x 0.8 Rs - 80 - 80

Milling Rs 170 x 0.8 Rs - 136 - 136

Sub-total Rs 4,704 4,896

Paddy at Mill (66%) Rs 3,105 3,231

Transport from Market to Mill Handling and Transport from Farm Rs 120 x 0.8 Rs - 96 - 96

Farm Gate Value of Export Quality Rs 3,009 3,135

Quality Adjustment Factor 4/ ' 0.81 0.81

Economic Price of Paddy at Farm Rs Gate (Rounded) 2,440 2,540

1/ Rice tThai, milled 5% broken FOB Bangkok) from IBRD Commodity Price,Forecast, November 1980. 2/ Assuming that India and Madhya Pradesh will be net exporters of rice as used tor economic analysis. 3/ Assuming that India will be a net importer and Madhya Pradesh net exporter of rice. 4/ Quality Adjustment Factor was calculatedunder the following assumptions: (i) the content of broken grains in unsorted rice is 25%; (ii) the content of broken grains is reduced by sorting to 5% to obtain export quality rice; and (iii) broken grains are sold domesticallyat about Rs 300 per ton (economic price). 5/ Prices for long grain high quality rice. It is expected that most HYV grown in project areas would be of slightly lower quality. An adjustment factor of 0.93 was applied to those varieties based on "RelationshipsBetween International Rice Prices" Commoditiesand Export ProjectionsDivision, EPD, IBRD, January 1980. IlNDIA

MP MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

SCHEDULE OF DEVELOPED AREAS UNDER PROJECT MRP SCIHME

Development From Development To Total Present Rainfed Area Existing Irrigated Area Developed Area

Present Lined to Developedand Present 213/ Lined Davelopedand 1/ Area Developed Area Benefitted Year Rainfed 40 ha Fully Irrigated Irrigated to 40 ha : _u Under Project Under Project Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi ------_____-- _ ------______------('OO0 ha) ------______-______

1980 150 0 0 0 224 0 0 0 0 0

1981 150 0 0 0 224 0 0 0 0 0

1982 147 3 0 0 220 4 0 0 7 0

1983 140 10 3 1 214 10 4 1 20 7

1984 133 17 10 4 204 20 10 4 37 20

1985 125 25 17 6 195 29 20 7 .54 37

1986 118 32 25 9 187 37 29 10 69 54

1987 110 40 32 11 169 55 37 13 95 69 o

1988 96 54 40 14 149 75 55 19 129 95

1989 86 64 54 19 119 105 75 26 169 129

1990 70 80 64 22 91 133 105 37 213 169

1991 55 95 80 28 68 156 133 47 251 213

1992 41 109 95 33 54 170 156 55 279 251

1993 32 118 109 38 38 186 170 60 304 279

1994 15 135 118 41 21 203 186 65 338 304

1995 13 137 135 47 7 217 203 71 354 336

1996 - 150 137 48 - 224 217 76 374 354

1997 - 150 150 53 - 224 224 78 374 374

1/ A build-up rate of agriculturalproduction for each commissionedirrigation block was assumed to take 5 years in presently irrigatedareas and 7 years in areab presentlyrainfed, 2/ Includes 34,000 ha of Pairi Command. 3/ In the 'without'project situation,storage water from RavishankarDam (completedin 1979) would provide irrigation for about 70,000 ha to the project standards without additional investment. INDIA

HP MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

SCHEDULEOF DEVELOPEDAREAS UNDERPROJECT - HE SCHENE

Development From Development to Present Rainfed Areas Existing Irrigated Area Total Developed 1/2/ 1/2/ Area Developed &- - Developed and Area Present Lined Fully Irrigated Present Lined Fully Irrigated Developed Area Benefitted Year Rainfed to 40 ha Kharif 3/ Rabi Irrigated to 40 ha Kharif 3/ Rabi Under Project Under Project ______------('000). .______

1980 210 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0

1981 210 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0

1982 209 1 0 0 42 3 0 0 4 0

1983 207 3 0 0 36 9 0 0 12 0

1984 201 9 0 0 20 25 0 0 34 0

1985 186 24 0 0 10 35 0 0 59 0

1986. 177 33 0 0 - 45 0 0 85 59

1987 150 60 40 20 - 45 38 19 105 88

1988 34 76 50 26 - 45 45 23 121 105

1989 107 103 69 34 - 45 45 23 148 122

1990 89 121 94 47 - 45 45 23 166 148

1991 64 146 121 61 - 45 45 23 191 166

1992 46 164 146 73 - 45 45 23 209 191

1993 27 183 164 82 - 45 45 23 228 209

1994 14 196 183 92 - 45 45 23 241 228

1995 5 205 196 98 - 45 45 23 250 241

1996 - 210 205 103 - 45 45 23 255 250

1997 - 210 210 105 - 45 45 23 255 255

1/ A build-up rate of agricultural production for each coimmissioned irrigation block was assumed to take 5 years in presently irrigated areas and 7 years in areas hick ar.presently rpa4ed, 2/ Irrigation of completed blocks would comence in year 7 after storage frm Range Dma becomea availkble. 31 Kharif area includes also hot weather crops and perennials. ..104-.

:lDIA ANNEX 3 Table 4 MADHYAPADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Land Acquisition

Z- A. Lznd Acouired for Prolect liorkcs

MRP Schen BB Schin Land Accuiaition land Acquisition Land Acquisition Land Acquisition for Canal for Daa for Canal for Dam listribution System /l Raservoir Areas/ Distribution Syst 1/ Reservoir Areas 2/ ______---- - 000 ------1000 ha ------

1981 a 0.50 0 1982 .15 0 .10 0 1983 35 .15 .30 0 1984 .35 .15 .75 2.76 1985 44 0 .45 1.38 1986 .. 5 0 1.35 1.38 1967 .40 0 .80 0 1988 .70 0 1.35 0 1989 .50 1.53 .90 0 1990 .80 .77 1.25 0 1991 .75 .77 .90 0 1992 .70 0 .95 0 1993 .45 0 .65 0 1994 .85 0 .45 0 1995 .10 0 .25 0 1996 .65 0 0 0

ToTAL 7.50 3.37 10.5 5.52

Part. B. Econaic Cost Stram of Land Ac@uis±tion

HR Schm B Schm

Resettlnt coat KorEMe oto 4/ Resttlemnt Cost Forsgtonsa emfits of - Reservoir Arxe 31 Areas Accuired: - Reservoir Are" 3/ Areas Acquired: ( Rsrirs -) (ii) Iriatior LOtal (i) Reservoirls (1) Irrigation Total Workm Works ------_---_------_------_-----_--_-.-______-- - - R- X _------

1981 0 0 0 0 0 0 .14 .14 1982 3 0 .36 .36 0 0 .42 .42 1983 0.25 .36 1.18 1.79 0 O' 1.25 1.25 1994 0.25 .71 2.01 2.97 4.20 7.67 3.33 15.20 1985 0 .71 2.96 3.67 2.10 11.51 4.59 18.19 1986 0 .7n 3.79 4.50 2.10 15.34 8.34 25.78 1987 0 .71 4.74 5.45 0 15.34 10.56 25.90 1988 0 .71 6.40 7.11 0 15.34 14.31 29.65 1989 12.50 4.33 7.58 24.41 0. 15.34 16.81 32.15 1990 6.25 6.16 9.48 21.89 0 15.34 20.29 35.63 1991 6.25 7.96 11.25 25.46 0 15.34 22.79 38.13 1992 0 7.96 12.91 20.87 0 15.34 25.43 40.77 1993 0 7.96 13.98 21.94 0 15.34 27.23 42.57 1994 3 7.96 15.99 23.95 0 15.34 28.48 43.82 1995 0 7.96 16.23 24.19 0 15.34 29.18 44.52 1996 0 7.96 17.77 25.73 0 15.34 29.18 44.52 1997 0 7.96 17.77 25.73 0 15.34 29.18 44.52 '1998 0 7.96 17.77 25.73 0 15.34 29.18 44.52 1990 0 7.96 17.77 25.73 0 15.34 29.18 44.52 1991.2031 0 7.96 17.77 25.73 0 15.34 29.18 44.52

1/ l1t is anuwd that in presently raiufed ares in the vithout projectt situation, the not CC& wuld be lazre tbh the 'vith project' 1= 4gated Srna bv 53. Thu about 7,500 ha in MR and 10,500 ba in BB vuld be pmananetly loot to cultivation once rainfed land thacoat irrigated. The rota at which rainfed cultivated lad is cowerd by project wmrks ia derived frm Table 2 end 3 in nme 3.

V/ iaeA lost n rninfed cultivated Lend by aubeagence in the project reservoirs.

3f ,A1y rc^eicsat±cn for raesttlmnt (adjusted by SC?): MBP Schec 4,250 fa±lies 0 Rs 6,000 per fadily - Rs U 25.5 ii Schabm 1,400 families 0 a 6,000 per f-±ly - Rs 24 8.4

4/ Ihe valus of raittfed agricultural productton as astimted at Rs/ha 2,370 end Ra/ba 2,770 for M2P and H ashme r ctively. -105- ANNEX 4 A

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATIONPROJECT

Part A. Detailed Cost Estimates

List of Tables

1. MRP Scheme - Cost Schedule.

2. HB Scheme - Cost Schedule.

3. Cost Estimate - Road Component

4. Cost Estimate - Farming System Research

5. Cost Estimate - Monitoring and Evaluation

6. Cost Estimate - StatewideHydrological Network.

7. Cost Estimate - Technical Assistance

8. Cost Estimate - Sub-chak Channels. IFDIA

MP M4JOr IMIGATION PRO7ECT

MRP Cost SchIdulle

21/ B.se Coot Itet. Uptdn - Upt 81/ 82/ 83/ 84/ 85/ 81/ Beyo-d 86/ 87/ 88/ 89/ 90/ | 86/ Beyond 91/ 92/ 93/ 94/ 95/ 91/ BOyo-d Yt3e 1980 B-se Coot8 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 868 87 88 89 90 91 91 91 92 93 94 95 96 96 96 Rotee) ( )

A. odts

150 Soode- 161 52 45 36 28 - - 1o9 - - - - - _ 363 Pairi 403 2 - - 2 S 7 394 30 40 50 70 110 300 94 94 94 15° RbdriniptrLikf 167 - 1 10 36 50 65 162 5 5 - - -- - 16 AhdoolperLift 17 11 4 2 6 - - 14 b0otise8 DS 16 - 2 4 6 4 -_ 16 - _ (693) Sub-total (764) (65) (52) (52) (70) (56) (70) (300) (399) (35) (48) (50) (70) (110) (305) (94) (94) (94) B. Cnnal

42 Sondr Fer 45 15 4 4 1 - - 9 21 10 7 4 - 21 - - - 33 Mnhan di F-edo 37 2 14 10 11 35 _- - - 249 Pairi Link 276 1 _ _ _ 5 5 270 23 25 25 40 60 175 95 60 35 95 762 Mnb dih M in 98MC) 842 31 28 55 78 92 115 368 443 145 134 100 64 - 443 - - - - 104 M-adhar B-oh 115 , . 7 6 3 31 19 96 10 18 18 10 10 50 46 15 15 18 6 - 46 301 bhatep-ra Br ch 324 91 5 5 10 19 6 459 18 20 20 20 20 20 100 88 20 20 28 18 10 88 112 Baloda B.a.r Brnch 124 - - - - 6 6 118 15 20 28 20 20 95 23 15 8 - - - 23 113 L=000 Branch 124 16 - - - - 108 - - 10 20 20 50 58 20 20 12 6 - 58 Ad2hanipur Lift (1,716) Sob-total (1,887) (156) (51) (81) (106) (114) (135) (487) (1,244) (225) (216) (189) (174) (130) (934) (310) (130) (98) (42) (30) (10) (310) C, Diotrhibti.o N. t-rlk (URl1i.d & Strootores)

24 SFC (12.260 h.) 27 1 3 3 5 5 5 21 5 3 2 - - - 5 - - - - we (14,810 ha) - - ______14 PalrtLlok (9,1408h.) 16 - 16 - - - - - 16 - 4 4 4 4 16 58 mm L (96,377 ha) 63 7 4 5 6 7 9 31 2A 8 6 6 5 25 - - - - - 11 Moadhar (43,734 ha) 12 - I I 2 10 2 3 3 2 10 _ - 145 Bhatapra (72,189 h.) 161 2 3 3 3 5 16 145 8 8 15 20 28 71 74 24 20 15 15 - 74 8 Baloda B.a-r (24,506 ha) 9- - _ 9 - - 2 4 3 9 - - _ 44 Las.an (93,866 h) 49 - _ - - I - 49 3 5 8 8 5 29 20 10 10 - _ 20 21 Adhaoipor Lift (13,280 ha) 21 19 1 1 - _ 2 _-- - - -_ _ P.iti RB 3/ t4,0oo bs) (325) _ Sob-total (358) (27) (60) (13) (14) (16) (19) (72) (259) (24) (24) (34) (39) (28) (149) (110) (34) (34) (19) (19) (4) (110) LLinin to 40 hz

29 S8C 32 _ _ 2 4 5 5 16 16 5 5 3 3 - 16 ------37 . MFC 41 7 11 11 12 - 41 _ _ _ _ 24 Pdri Link 27 - - - - _ 27 - - - - 27 - 7 7 7 6 27 229 mm81 254 _ 12 18 27 28 32 117 137 30 30 25 22 17 124 13 13 - - - - 13 96 M.dh-r 107 - - - -- 107 20 20 20 20 17 97 18 10 - - _- 10 147 Bhbtra 163 1-63 5 15 20 20 20 80 83 20 20 20 15 8 83 47 Baloda Boa r 52 _- _- 52 _ - 10 15 15 40 12 7 5 - - - 12 129 Lavan 143 _ 143 5 15 15 20 20 75 68 20 15 15 10 8 68 26 Adbanipr Lift 29 2 2 4 _ 8 21 4 5 5 5 2 21 ------95 P-iri RB 106 106 - 106 5 15 20 35 31 106 (864) Sob-total (954) _ (21) (33) (46) (45) (37) (182) (772) (69) (90) (98) (105) (91) (453) (319) (75) (62) (62) (67) (53) (319) D. DLeSt (40-8 ha)

5 SFC 6 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 I - - - I - _ 7 HWC 8 1 2 2 2 1 8 - - 4 Padi DB 4 - - - - - 4 - - - - - 4 - 1 1 1 4 42 mm 47 1 3 3 6 10 23 24 4 3 3 3 3 16 8 3 3 2 - - 8 19 Hmsdhor 21 … - - 21 3 4 4 5 3 19 2 1 1 - - - 2 32 Bhctapar 36 - 336 3 4 4 4 5 20 16 4 4 3 3 2 16 11 Baled Bsr 12 _ 12 - - - 3 5 8 4 2 1 1 - - 4 24 Lov 27 ------27 3 3 4 S is 12 3 3 3 2 1 12 6 AdhaoLpr Lift 7 - _ I 1 2 5 I I 1 I I 5 ------18 Piri RB 20 20 - - 20 1 2 4 7 6 20 (168) Sub-totdl (188) _ (3) (6) (6) (10) (13) (38) (150) (12) (1S) (15) (20) (22) (84) (66) (14) (15) (14) (13) (10) (66) Lining 40-8 ha 4/

14 SPC 16 - - - - - 16 1 S1 3 3 3 3 3 15 17 IFC 19 - -_- 19 _ - 2 2 17 2 3 4 4 4 17 10 Pairi Link 11 _ 1I- 11 - _ - 5 6 109 Mm it 121 I I 2 119 10 10 10 10 10 50 69 10 10 15 15 19 69 49 MlOdhar 54 - 54 3 5 7 7 7 29 25 5 5 5 5 5 25 82 Bhtp 91p 91 - - - - 4 4 87 10 15 17 20 25 87 28 Baleda Basa 31 _- _-_-31 _ 31 - 4 8 10 9 31 61 Lmnn 68 68 _ _ - 68 5 10 20 20 13 68 15 Adhanipr Lift 17 I 1 16 4 4 4 4 - 1 - - - - - _- 45 Pdri FM 50 _ 50 - - 50 2 4 10 21 13 50 (430) Soh-total (478) _ (1) (2) - - (3) (475) (17) (19) (21) (21) (24) (102) (373) (37) (54) (82) (053) (97) (373) 8. Linag

(131) (163) _ (3) (4) (5) (8) (10) (30) (133) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (50) (83) (15) (18) (19) (19) (12) (83)

(4,327) Irrlgatio. Sob-Total (4,792) (240) (140) (190) (249) (Y49) (284) (1,112) (3,432) (392) (414) (417) (439) (415) (2,077) (1,355) (399) (281) (238) (251) (186) (1.355)

I/ 8e-- .oot eotisatsd on J-e 1980 -itet tas; ra-tl of ioflatioo.J- 1980 to JoIY 1981 he beoe 11%. 3/ Pirti RH cr0 (54,000 h.) 1. sel.f .otaiteud oct11 d.-Ipatol o Pat.i Ba .d Link ad p-5t dist.ib.tis. 2/ EVpoodictre upto JnlJ 1981 has boos .thtretted free buee toot (MSr0h 1980 rates.) / i IiF d. ontatte 91/92. t o 40hMT hm .y -itt.d to to t-PT Ot the pilot pr-o- of .o.b-0hk 10014 give to the fIrst fis y- tis slits; the too.inOo pogrm to eubjo t. 10o oto f 1h. pIlot progras. IIost oodl

SasCos Bs Cs C 81/ 82/ 83/ 84/ 85/ 81/ -e-on 8/1W // 88/ 89/ 94/ ot 901 / Sb1 893 941 89 819 800o- '3o~~~oo19881/ 007019713 '/01 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~283 L4 85 86 88 88 87 /8 8I 90 8 1 9 2 83 9 5 9 8 9

(10,93) Bongo D- (1,203/ (98/ /38/ /79/ /116/ /165) /183) (581/ (520/ /184/ /188/ /130/ /34/ - 5//

317 LB Mi.0 348 90 2 219 30 38 38 137 155 147 48 46 28 155 - -

84 Ost 5 2 ------91 / 1 8 2 28 63 6 8 2 - - - 8 48 Rots/a 161 1-188 5 14 15 15 20 889 9 26 24 15 15 11 86 I116 63,808- 120 13 12 04 /8 /5 68 105 - - -- -

153 Aksll-s 18 33 13 /8 22l 28 23 082 17 2 7 - - 28 - - -

/932/ tub1-noa /6,0z4) /783/ /51/ (76) /863 /980 /893 /48a) /523/ [/1079 /10191 (987 /76/ (4)/8) 4048 /989 /32) /26) /55) (15) /11/ 998)

9 7,6C (4,565 h.) 10 - - - 1 0 4 4-- - 78 6/6Ssapsto35,760 ho) 732 8 - - 1 80a88 /344,47/o h: 18 65 10 10 1 7 3712 8 4 1 - 123 167so (8,4/o) 13 98- 18 20 2 55 8 06 21 28 13 18 83 80 D 43,72lah 1 - - - JscgOt /41,9738s-- - 140 Aloto 71,63ha) 1354 8 I 18 /3 14 88 71 /5 /8 /9 / 71 -

/411) pob-totl /4543 /13/ (6/ /11) /183) (19) /04) (80/ (361/ (17) /38) /533 /54) /47/ (229/ 1 132/ 140/ /349 /38) /18) /10/ 132)

Li.o.s t0 40 Os

01 11C 12 - - 3 4 5 - 12…------08 63, - --- 90-8 /3 12 /3 /3 /Is 28 13 14 -9 - 2 ABIltO 94 - ---- 87 /2 11 13 46 48 12 12 12 18 2 48 257 lTharsio 07~ ~ ~- ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~4 74 14 04 38 74 /8 2 5 05 25 /5 18 10 S 0010 - 2 2 2 4 16------lo' JogO 114 5 I0 27 30 42 164 ------177 0k174/to 1886 5 0 8 28 9 56 188 92 93 30 380 -8 - 92 - -

/630) Sob-totl1 /690) - 18) /03/ 861)/ 68) (78) /248) /458) /44) /48) /71) (51) /68) (281) /177/ /52) /51) /37/ /25) /12) 10773

T40 Iso- 0 Os)

2 LBC 2 ~~~~~~~1 1 - - ~ - ~~~~~~~22 - 26 Cb- 0s - - 12 2 18 C/sa80s 18 - - - - 18 2 2 2~~~ 2 ~~2 17 8 2 2 2 2 - 8 a5 lt 1 --- 7 - 22 28 24aosls 71 - . - - - - - ~~~~~131- 2 2 3 8 8 22935 5 3 2 18 3s8g8t 28 - 0 4 8 5 8 20 - - - - I4- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I35 5 2 31 J.ooSi,r 25 - 3 / 6 2 1 1 - 1

5 0.06 6 - - -3 6- - - 6 411 / 1 1 1 3 0------/1)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 41 AChotp- 46 -- 461 4 4 2 7 3 7 8 0 8 8 5 /7

38 oakoo 43 ------43 - C 2 2 2 7 96 6 0 S 8 4 (38) 729 8/eria 80 - O - - - 2 4 8 /8 05 15 05 05 14 634) 4 026 4 ------~~ ~~6 ~~4 ~~- ~~- ~~6 ~- ~~ ~~- ~~~~~~~~~42 47 Jalgir 32 - I -I 9~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ 6 1 27 22 8 6 5 3 - (2 81 AklMtor 90 - 1 t 2 6 3 6 I 6 27 60 15 13 85 18 6 /613 I

(2099 sob-t-tl /32/1) (0) /1 /) /2) (5/ /3/6) /8) /673 /18) /20) /21) /85) (231) (53) /303 (50) /48/ /29) /231) 3/ E. /ltoloooo - 2 LB/ 2 ~ 2 i 14 8/sany 86 - 4 -- 03 PAUt 14 - 24 6/horol 27 - - 2-7------20 22/ - I - - I / - - 28 Akalor 3 - 2 5 13 18-I- -

(102/ 8sb-tota1 (113) /3 6) /12) /14) (35) /70) (0 1) /2 (9) (8B (47) /32) j9 (a/) /// (0) (4/ /32)

'3,369) in/ So/ notol (3,936 /2088/ /1003 /23/) /798) /374) /402) /1,584/ /2,347) /(389) /404) /390) /254/ /180/ 1,67) /8120 13) /(190) (048) (1193 (78) (7183

18 /.s. toot .otlat.a .s Jun 1980 no nots;roeIf tftOeJoo- 02 08 -uy 01, hos b..o 11%. E/lpsndl"ot spto July 81 boo boso ouotootod Co b-n r-t /20- 88 00 88000t.). 3/Botog toots ooo -b-div1do8 by bool-, -ono coood boy-ud 13085888.

h..eolos ny onotilod to natY -8 sh. pilot t P-9-no of o 6 I6o/o1885 44000 Ou ole floa 81 potin. lo~b. t-esototg ptota 60 o- )o- to eo/00 8o hio Pi/0t P-09-/

-108-

ANNEX 4 A Table 3

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Estimate - Road Component:

Part A. Work Schedule Total 1/ FY 81/82 …------Fiscal Year ------to 1981-82 1982-83 1983-83 1984-85 1985-86 FY 85/86

ti) MRP Scheme

Road Improvement (km) 40 55 80 105 110 390

Black Topping (km) 13 13

(ii) EB Scheme

Road Improvement (km) - 29.2 65 65 75 234

New Roads (km) 16 32 48

Part B. Cost Schedule

(i) MRP Scheme ------Rs M ------

Base Cost 3.8 6.1 12.9 13.7 14.4 50.9

Physical Contingency 0.6 0.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 7.5

Sub-Total 4.4 7.0 14.8 15.7 16.5 58.4

Engineering & Admin. 0.6 1.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 8.6

Sub-Base Cost 5.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 67.0

(ii) HB Scheme

Base Cost - 1.5 9.9 24.3 27.4 63.1

Phsyical Contingency - 0.2 1.4 3.5 3.9 9.0

Sub-Total - 1.7 11.3 27.8 31.3 72.1

Engineering & Admin. - U.3 1.7 4.2 4.7 11.9

Sub-Project Case Cost - 2.0 13.0 32.0 36.0 83.0

Project Base Cost for MRP & HB Schemes 5.0 10.0 30.0 50.0 55.0 150.0 Price Contingency 0.3 1.4 6.8 16.0 23.0 47.5

Total Cost 5.3 11.4 36.8 66.0 78.0 197.5

1/ June 30 to July 1 the following year.

-109- ANNEX 4A Table 4

INDIA

MADRYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Estimate Farming Systems Research

I/ --- Fiscal Year ------1981/82 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 -85/86 … ------Rs 100,000------

Staff Salaries 4.2 4.2 7.6 7.8 8.1 31.9

Buildings 14.0 14.0 11.8 11.0 - 50.8

Vehicles/FarmMachinery 3.0 0.3 1.0 - - 4.3

Mlisc.Equipment 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.6 - 7.0

Wells - 1.6 - 1.6. - 3.2

OperationalExpenditures 1.8 1.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 13.9

Study Tours 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0

Physical Contingencies 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 0.5 12.1

Base Cost 29.1 27.8 29.2 29.1 13.0 128.2

Price Contingency 1.3 3.9 6.6 9.2 5.4 26.4

Total Cost 30.4 31.7 35.8 38.3 18.4 154.6

1/ June 30 to July 1 the followingyear. -110- AN1NEX4A Table 5

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Estimate- Monitoring and Evaluation

Year Item Total 1 2 3 4 5 ------(Rs '000) …-----

A. Cost

Regular Staff: MRP 803 80 168 176 185 194 HB 803 80 168 176 185 194

Staff on deputation,Consultants, Contractwork 1,000 40 240 240 240 240

Mini-Computer(1 MRP, 1 HB) 100 50 50

Vehicles (2 MRP, 2 EB) 280 140 140

Office Equipment 100 20 40 40

Staff Training 200 100 100

Research Fellowships 240 60 60 60 60

Miscellaneous 700 40 200 200 130 130

Base Cost 4,226 260 1,166 1,182 800 818

Price Continigency 1,O0 _2. 166 Z68 255 342

Total Cost 5,269 272 1,332 1,450. 1,055 1,160

B. Regular Staff Requirement (for each unit)

Senior Economist 1

Economist 1

Assistant Director of Statistics 2

Statistical Assistants 4

Investigators 6

Computors 2

Second Grade Clerk 1

Peon 1

Total 18 INDIA

MaD1iyAP3ADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cent Estimate - strtocside Hydrological Network

1/ Phase I Remaining Total Cant ------Fiscal Year ------Total Coats (Phase I & 2) 1981-82 1982-83 1983-04 1984-85 1985-86 1981/80-1985/86 Phase II ...... R. Milli ......

1. 1-stallation of Additional Glsine Srations

225 see, ordinary rats Ranges (sea Table 4) .67 .67 .67

56 one, self recording rain gauges (see Table 4) .34 .34 .34

276 tecording, gauge-dinh-arge stations (see Tabl 4) 26.41 1.57 3.14 4.71 4.71 1.58 15.71 10.70

14 -r-ording, gauge-dis-barge-silt stations (see Table 4) 2.2 220 2.20

Sob-total Installation 29.62 4.78 3.14 4.71 4.71 1.58 18.92 10.70

2. Eqaiptent

276 -ec-rding, g-ge-dis-har-e statians (Table 5) 19.08 3.40 3.40 3.40 .i5 11.35 7.73

14 rocording, g-ge-di-charoe-silt atationi (TCble 5) .. 68 .68 .68

Othbr hydrenetric, someyimg 6 statim prtin,g qeipmnt (Toble 5) 1.57 1.57 1.57

Spare parts on ahove @15% 5.24 .85 .51 .51 .17 2.04 3.20

Major M.as.riso & Sorveying Eqlipeent at Ba-nj Headquartens (Table 5) .58 .58 .58

Spare parts @15 i .1 .09 .09 .09

Vohicies (Table 5) 2.76 1.76 1.76 1.00 t

Spare partn 015% .67 .26 .26 .41

lab-total Equipm-nt 31.05 9.48 3.91 3.91 1.32 18.62 12.43

3. Tethi-cal Assistance Tra-tn1ig & -d qu-sartes sLaiff

Training and tonsultants REs 0.1 M/ypr 100 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.50

inrtemeetal staff (Table 6) 3.80 6.38 0.380 30 0.30 0.38 1.90 1-90

SIbatotal T.A., T.& s. 4.80 0.48 0.48 0.40 0.48 0.48 2.40 2.40

Total Direct Ctsts 65.47 14.74 7.53 9.10 6.51 2.06 39.94 25.53

Centlogannie- -e ntati-n installati-on (Table 4) 4.44 .72 .47 .71 .71 .23 2.84 1.60

Osteblish-ent Costs

Engtneerie-ng & npe-rision r station installation @157 4.44 .72 .47 .71 .71 .23 2.84 1.60

C-aging-stetiso 54.07 .55 1.65 3.30 4.94 5.49 15.93 38.14

Op-etin.nal pers-.oel rents @107 per gnes (Table 7) 5.41 0.06 C.16 0.33 0.59 0.55 1.59 3.82

Sob-ratel Eatablisbment Canto 63.92 1.33 2.28 4.34 6.14 6.27 20.36 43.56

Bloe io-t (Jane 1980 Price) 133.83 16.79 10,28 14.15 13.36 8.56 63.14 70.69 e

Bane Cost (April 1381 Price) 148.66 18.64 11.41 15.71 14.83 9.50 70.09 78.47

Price Cantingency 0.84 1.62 _3.57 4.73 3.97 i4.73

Total fonts 19.48 13.03 19.28 19.56 13.47 84.82

1/ Jee- 30 to July 1 the feoinSeg yTear. INDIA

MP MAJOR IRRr_GATIONPROJECT 1/ Cost Estimates - Technical Aesiatance (s'000)

.Unit Cost per No. of ______Fiscal Year 5/86 = Total _nouti spec3nlists r98T72i - ft9 83/84 1478 Months Cost Months Cott Months Cost Moeths Cost Months Cost Costs

1. General Consultants

(a) Staf fing 36 288 36 288 1,440 Senior Engineers 3/ month 8.0 3 36 288 36 288 36 288 6 48 6 48 ,240 other Specialists 3/ month 8.0 4 6 48 6 48 6 48 -336 336 336- 336 336 1,680

(6) FEcitities 60 60 480 Vehicles & Survey Equipment lump sum - - 60 80 100 40 20 300 Office Equipment lump sum - - 100 100 40 20 20 100 Travel Expenses lump sum - - 20 20 20 0 20 100 Printing lump sum - -44 i-co -260- ~~~~200 160 120 980

2. Special Studies 20 100 Implementation Manual lump sum 40 20 20 20 60 100 O&MManuals lump sum 20 20 20 40 60 100 Water Charges Studies lump sum 60 40 40 80 120 300

3. Study Visits/Tours 4/ Unit Price (rps) Visits/Year so 50 50 250 Within tiP State 1,000 50 50 50 40 40 200 Other States 2,000 20 40 40 40 270 270 1,350 Overseas 90,000 3 270 270 270 360 36-0 360 360 360 2,800

936 936 4,680 Base Cost 936 936 936 299 391 1,77 Price Contingency 42 133 212 1,148 1,235 1,327 5,757 Total Cost (Rs 000) 978 1,069

g.31

1/ The need for General Consultants would be reviewed at the end of Year 3 (see Annex 2). 2/ June 30 to July I the following year. 3/ For detailed job description of staffing see Annex 2. be 4/ Study visits/tours would be available only to staff engaged on the project; staff sent on overseas study tours would expected to remain on the project staff until completion of the project time slice. -113- ANNEX 4A Table 8

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESH MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Cost Estimate - Sub-Chak Channels

MRP Scheme 1981/82 82/83 83/84 84/85 85/86 Total (13,500 ha) - Rs M ------

Base Cost 1/ 0.97 1.45 1.94 2.42 2.90 9.68

Engineering/Admin. 0.19 0.28 0.38 0.48 0.60 1.93

Sub-Total 1.16 1.73 2.32 2.90 3.50 11.61

Physical Contingencies 0.24 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.70 2.33

Sub-Total 1.40 2.08 2.78 3.48 4.20 13.94

HB Scheme (2,000 ha)

Base Cost 1/ 0.14 0.22 0.29 0.36 0.41 1.42

Engineering/Admin. 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.30

Sub-Total 0.17 0.27 0.35 0.43 0.50 1.72

Physical Contingencies 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.34

Sub-Total 0.20 0.32 0.42 0.52 0.60 2.06

Project Base Cost for MRP & HB Schemes 1.60 2.40 3.20 4.00 4.80 16.00

Price Contingencies 0.07 0.34 0.72 1.26 1.97 4.36

Total Cost 1.67 2.74 3.92 5.26 6.77 20.36

1/ Estimated Base cost for construction of sub-chak channels: Rs 714/ha -114-

AN1NEX4B Dage 1

INDIA

MADHYAPRADESE MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT

Part B. Index to Map IBRD 15146R

All Existing, Ongoing and Proposed Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in the State

S. No. Project District

CHAMBAL BETWA BASIN

EXISTING: Major Projects 1 Chambal Mandsaur Medium Projects 2 Pagara Morena 3 Aoda Morena 4 Tigra Gwalior 5 Harsi Gwalior 6 Akhajhiri Shivpuri 7 Mola Guna 8 Koncha Guna 9 Kethan Vidisha 10 Kerwan Bhopal 11 Barodia Rajgarh 12 Chhapi Rajgarh 13 Chillar Dam Shajapur 14 Piplia Kumar Shajapur 15 Shivgarh Bhedli Ratlam 16 Morwan Tank Mandsaur 17 Gopalpura Mandsaur 18 Chandrakeshar Dewas ONGOING Major Projects 19 Bhander Canal Datia 20 Sindh Phase I Shivouri 21 Sindh Phase II Shivouri 22 Rajghat Guna 23 Halali Dam Vidisha Medium Projects 24 Kaketo Tigra Gwalior 25 Sindh Ramowa link Gwalior 26 Harsi Modernisation Gwalior 27 Paronch Shivouri 28 Budhna Shivouri 29 Makroda Guna -115-

ANNEX 4B Pa 2

S. No. Project District

CHAMBAL BETWA BASIN ONGOING Medium Projects 30 Gomukh 1/ Gune 31 Naren Vishisha 32 Kaliasot Bhopal 33 Doraha Sehore 34 Rampura Khurd Sehore 35 Shamsher pura Rajgarh 36 Dudhi Rajgarh 37 Tillar Shajapur 38 Choral Indore 39 Bninsakhedi Ujjain 40 Sahi Khedi Ujjain 41 Kazi Khedi Ujjain 42 Arnia Bah Adurpur Ujjain 43 Chaldu Mandsaur 44 Bhanpura Canal Mandsaur 45 Dholawad Ratlamn 46 Paras Dewas PROPOSED Major Projects 47 (a & b) Chambal L.I.S. Bhind & Morena 48 Kunwari complex Morena Medium Projects 49 Ralhwa Bhind 50 Lower Pagara Morena 51 Khunwari L.I.S. Morena 52 Ram Kund (Diversion) Detia 53 Pahuj Detia 54 Mahuar Shivpuri 55 Bundia Guna 56 Sagar Vidisha 57 Baw Vidisha 58 Haidiry Raisen 59 Basana Raisen 60 Chikli Raisen 61 Segri Raisen 62 Bhogner Schore 63 Sukhado Rajgarh 64 Lakleiunder Shajapur 65 Kanthal Shajapur 66 Datuni Dewas 67 Karam Indore 68 khan Indore 69 Rupaia Khal Ratlam 70 Tolkhedi Mandsaur

1/ Preparation Report given in Volume II. -116-

ANNEX 4B Pane 3

S. No. Project District

GANGE BASIN

EXISTING: Major Projects nil Medium Projects 71 Jamini Canal Tikamgarh 72 Nandan Wara Tikamgarh 73 Nagda Nalla Tikamgarh 74 Bila Dam Sagar 75 Jabera Damoh 76 Mala Tank Damoh 77 Daroli Tank Damoh 78 Beniganj Dam Chhatarpur 79 Devendra Nagar Panna 80 Bhainswar Satna 81 Kulgarhi Satna 82 Lilgi (Reservoir) Satna 83 Govindgarh Rewa 84 Gurma nalle Rewa 85 Kunwarpur Surguja ONGOING: Major Projects 86 Rangwan Chhatarpur 87 Urmil Chhatarpur 88 Bariarpur L.B.C. Panna 89 Bansagar Rewa Medium Projects 90 Mansurwari Sagar 91 Naktara Satna 92 Amkui Satna 93 Mahroi Shahdol 94 Urmrar Shahdol 95 Johilla Shahdol 96 Jarmora Rewa 97 Kanchan dam Sidhi 98 Bisandhan Sidhi 99 Marhi Sidhi 100 Banki Sarguja 101 Ghunghutta Sarguja 102 Jhumkar Sarguja PROPOSED; Major Projects 103 Lugasi Chhatarpur 104 Pancham Nagar Damoh 105 Rohar Sargujar 106 Kanhar -do- 107 Bariarpur R.B.C Panna -117-

ANNEX4B Page 4

S. No. Project District

GANGE BASIN

PROPOSED: Medium Projects 108 Sadhai Dam Tikamgarh 109 Parari Nalla -do- 110 Launch Sagar 111 Hinota Chhatarpur 112 Tarper -do- 113 Upper Nalle Damoh 114 Sanjha Dam Panna 115 Barana Tank Satna 116 Khohi Tank Satna 117 Kasiari Project Rewa 118 Amarda -do- 119 Marwahi Shahdol 120 Kangisole Sarguja 121 Geor Diversion Sarguja 122 Subhnai -do- 123 Chandori -do- 124 Surya Nalle -do- 125 Gaj-Tank -do- 126 Chorsol -do- MAHANADI GODAVARI BASIN

EXISTING: Major Projects 127 Hasdeo R.B.C. Bilaspur 128 Tandula Reservoir Durg 129 Mahanadi Masin Canal Raipur Medium Projects 130 Mayana Baster 131 Remodelling of R.M.C. Raipur 132 Khumhari -do- 133 Pindrawan -do- 134 Keshwa Nall -do- 135 Khapri Tank Durg 136 Gondli -do- 137 Maroda Tank -do- 138 Dhara Rajnandgaon 139 Ruse -do- 140 Saroda -do- 141 Development of Sarguja Maniyari Tank Bilaspur 142 Maniyari Tank -do- 143 Kharung Tank -do- 144 Kedar Nale Raigarh 145 Jalgaon Balaghat 146 Gangulpara -do- 147 Khardi Tank -do- -~118-

ANNEX 4B Page 5

S. No. Project District

MAHANADI GODAVARI BASIN

Medium Projects 130 Mayana Baster 131 Remodelling of R.M.C. Raipur 132 Khumhari. -do- 133 Pindrawan -do- 134 Keshwa Nall -do- 135 Khapri Tank Durg 136 Gondli -do- 137 Maroda Tank -do- 138 Dhara Rajnandgaon 139 Ruse -do- 140 Saroda -do- 141 Development of Sarguja Maniyari Tank Bilaspur 142 Maniyari Tank -do- 143 Kharung Tank -do- 144 Kedar Nale Raigarh 145 Jalgaon Balaghat 146 Gangulpara -do- 147 Khardi Tank -do- 148 Wainganga Canal -do- 149 Nahleshra -do- 150 Moorrum Nalla -do- 151 Jamunia -do- 152 Bagh -do- 153 Roomal Tank Seoni 154 Ari Tank -do- 155 Bori Tank -do- 156 Chich Bund -do- 157 Sagar Madi -do- 158 Waghya Nalle Chindwara ONGOING: Major Projects 159 Bawan Thadi Seoni 160 Upper Waing nga -do- 161 Hasdeo Bango Bilaspur 162 Arpa -do- 163 Jonk Raipur 164 Kodar Raipur 165 Pairy P.V.W. -do- 166 Mahandi (Res.) Phase I -do- 167 Mahanadi Phase II -do- Medium Projects 168 Bargoor Nalle Seoni 169 Bijna -do- 170 Kali Bazar Balaghat 171 Banjar -do- 172 Pipariya Nalle Ranjandgaon -119-

ANNEX 4B Page 6

S. No. Project District

MAHANADI GODAVARI BASIN

Medium Projects 173 Seonath Diversion Bilaspur 174 Matia Moti -do- 175 Bilaspur Diversion Bilaspur 176 Ghunga -do- 177 Khamur Pakut Rajgarh 178 Mand Diversion -do- 179 Puteka Nalla -do- 180 Kinkari -do- 181 Babar Raipur 182 Barunadi Jagdalpur 183 Udanti Raipur PROPOSED: Major Projects 184 Pairy high dam Raipur 85 Hap Durg Medium Projects 186 Chhapur Tank Jagdalpur 187 Kotta Palli -do- 188 Urkara Tank -do- 189 Phonk Reservoir Rajnandgaon 190 Mandhar Baster 191 Rampur Dam Bilaspur 192 Chini Tank Raigarh 193 Dodki -do- 194 Kelo -do- 195 Kashmir Nalla Balaghat 196 Telia Nalla Sooni 197 Kanhargaon Chindwara 198 Jam Nalla -do- 199 Ghhirpani 1/ Rajnandgaon

NARMADA TAPTI BASIN EXISTING: Major Projects 200 Barna Dam Raisen Medium Projects 201 Pampawati Jhabua 202 Kunda Nalla Dhar 203 Satak Khargone 204 Segwal -do- 205 Sampna Betul 206 Dukrikhada Tank Hoshangabad 207 Behri Bund Tank Jabalpur 208 Bhitarigrah -do- 209 Dhundhar Mandla

1/ Preparation Report given in Volume II. -120- ANNEX 4B Page 7

S. No. Project District

NARMADATAPTI BASIN

Medium Projects 210 Mahi Dhar 211 Narmadasagar Khandwe 212 Sukta -do- 213 Upper Tapti Phase II -do- 214 Tawa Hoshangabad 215 Kolar Sehore 216 Bargi Dam Jabalpur 217 Thanwar Mandla 218 Burmandle Dhar 219 Sakalda -do- 220 Mehgaon tola Jabalpur 221 Matiyari Mandla 222 Bichhia Mandla 223 Chorbarari Jhabua 224 Mod Sagar -do- 225 Gulabpura -do- 226 Chandora Betul 227 Bundala -do- 228 Son khedi -do- 229 Majgaon Mandla PROPOSED: Major Projects 230 Jobat Jhabua 231 Man -do- 232 Omkareshwar Khargone 233 Ohhota Tawa Khandwa 234 Bargi High level canal Jabalpur 235 Dhobatoria Mandla 236 Upper Narmada -do- 237 Mandu Narmada Lift Dhar Medium Projects 238 Kalyan Sagar Jabua 239 Bhim Kund -do- 240 Purewa -do- 241 Gandigaltar Khargone 242 Dejla Dewada 1/ -do- 243 Kundi -do- 244 Rajgarh 245 Hater nalla 246 Gandwa 247 Sapan Nalla 248 Labera Nadi Jabalpur 249 Kukranale Mandla 250 Bakur Betul 251 Mandawati Dhar 252 Karan -do-

1/ Preparation Report given in Volume II. R A J A S T H A N j *t /U T- wT- A R - p R A tD E S H i

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