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’ FOUND IN

• WOODS TRASH DURING WINTER BOLL , SURVEYS

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Production Research Report No. 119

Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE in cooperation with South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station BEETLES FOUND IN WOODS TRASH DURING WINTER BOLL WEEVIL SURVEYS

By Vernon M. Kirk and Harrie M. Taft, Jr., entomologists, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service^ Summary

Samples of woods trash col- 405 species found, representing lected in the fall and spring in 41 families of beetles, 35 species South Carolina were examined to are well-known pests. Many others determine the numbers of boll are from families that include seri- (Anthonomus grandis ous pests. Twenty-one species of Boheman) entering hibernation lady beetles (Coccinellidae) and sites and surviving the winter. over 100 species from families The material was also examined that are mostly predators on for all other species of beetles. Of other were identified.

Introduction

The duff or woods trash on the the woods trash. Bondy,^ Beck- forest floor has long been known ham,"^ and Fye et al.^ found that as the principal hibernation quar- about 80 percent of the weevils ters for the boll weevil {Anthon- omus grandis Boheman). Since 2 Bondy, F. F. boll weevil control IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES. U.S. it has been a pest of cotton in the Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-431, 9 pp. efforts have been United States, 1938. made to reduce its overwintering 3 Beckham, C. M. hibernating populations by winter burning STUDIES OF THE BOLL WEEVIL IN RELA- TION TO A SMALL GEORGIA PIEDMONT

1 This report is technical contribution COTTON FIELD. Jour. Econ. Ent. 50: No. 799, Department of Zoology and 833-834. 1957. Entomology, South Carolina Agricul- 4 Fye, R. L., McMillian, W. W., tural Experiment Station, Clemson. The Walker, R. L., and Hopkins, A. R. senior author was formerly entomolo- THE DISTANCE INTO WOODS ALONG A COT- gist and professor of entomology, Clem- TON FIELD AT WHICH THE BOLL WEEVIL son University Pee Dee Experiment HIBERNATES. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 310- Station, Florence, S.C. 312. 1959. :

BEETLES FOUND DURING WINTER BOLL WEEVIL SURVEYS 3 hibernated within 200 feet of the in this ecological niche. Rain- edge of the woods near cotton- water® reported 201 species of fields. Treating this area with beetles taken from woods trash insecticides or pathogens has been during winter examinations. Since considered.^ However, little was then, names have been changed known regarding other insects and additional species have been that might also be overwintering found.

Methods

For many years people associ- all leaves and litter down to the ated with cotton production have soil surface on a 2-square-yard been informed each spring of the area in a wooded area adjacent to number of boll weevils entering a cottonfield. In the laboratory hibernation and successfully over- this trash was processed through wintering in their area. This in- a power shaker where coarse ma- formation is obtained routinely terial was separated from the from late fall and early spring finer particles. The fine material surveys of typical boll weevil was spread in a thin layer on a 3- hibernation sites by State and by 8-foot steel-topped table hav- Federal agencies. ing a soil-heating cable beneath it. In South Carolina three areas, As the material became warm, each consisting of three counties, most of the insects came to the were surveyed twice each year. surface where they could be hand- Fifteen to 30 farm sites were chosen in each area, and three collected. From these surveys the samples were taken from each 204 new records presented here location. A sample consisted of were obtained.

Results and Discussion

Of the 405 species collected of the beetles. However, clues to from woods trash, 35 are well- their possible importance may be known pests." Little is known found from the general economics about the life histories of many of the families to which they belong. 5 Walker, R. L., and Hopkins, A. R. The following species were col- STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF BOLL WEE- lected during the winter from VILS IN SURFACE WOODS TRASH. Jour. woods trash in South Carolina Econ. Ent. 49 : 696-698. 1956. ® Rainwater, C. F. insects and SPIDERS FOUND IN SPANISH MOSS, GIN TRASH, AND WOODS TRASH, AND ON WILD 7 The assistance of the many taxon- COTTON. U.S. Bur. Ent. and Plant omists who identified most of the species Quar. E-528, 20 pp. 1941. listed is gratefully acknowledged. e

4 PROD. RES. RPT. 119, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

CARABIDAE Lebia viridis Say^ Lebia ornata Say^ Carabus vinctiis Webb^ Lebia analis Dejean^ Notiophilus novemstriatus Lebia fuscata Dejean LeConte^ Dromius piceus Dejean Dyschirius glohulosus Say Pinacodera limbata (Dejean) ^ americana Dejean^ Pinacodera platicollis Say Clivina bipustulata Fab.^ Apenes opaca LeConte Nomius pygmaeus (Dejean) ^ Apenes sinuata Say^ (stink ) Hellumorphoides nigripennis Anillus dunavani Jeannel Dejean^ Tachys vivax LeConte Tachys laevus Say DYTISCIDAE Evarthrus sodalis (LeConte) Liodessus fuscatus (Crotch) Loxandrus lucidulus minor Copelatus glyphicus (Say) (Chaudoir) HYDROPHILIDAE Loxandrus velox (Dejean) Cercyon haemorrhoidalis (Fab.) Loxandrus parallelus Casey^ Calathus opaculus LeConte^ STAPHYLINIDAE Agonum tenue LeConte^ Acidota crenata (Fab.)^ Agonum ferreum Haldeman Carpelimus bilineatus (Stephens) Agonum albicrus Dejean^ Apredium schwarzi Fauvel Agonum octopunctatum Fab.^ Thorscophorus fletcheri Wendeler Agonum punctiforme Say Osorius latipes (Gravenhorst) Amara musculi (Say)^ Oxyporus occipitalis Fauvel Amara cupreolata Putzeys^ Stenus colon Say Amara basillaris Say Stenus carolinea Casey Harpalus gemmeus Casey^ Pinophilus opacus LeConte^ Selenophorus opalinus LeConte^ Palaminus luteus Casey^ Anisodactylus rusticus Say^ Palaminus testaceus Erichson Anisodactylus nigerrimus Dejean^ Rugilus dentatus Say^ Anisodactylus laetus Dejean^ Homaeotarsus bicolor Trichotichnus autumnalis (Say)^ Gravenhorst ^ Acupalpus longulus Dejean^ Homaeotarsus badium Acupalpus ochropezus Say^ Gravenhorst ^ Acupalpus indistinctus (Dejean) Homaeotarsus pallipes Tachistodes testaceus (Dejean)^ Gravenhorst Badister reflexus LeConte^ Homaeotarsus cinctus Say^ Leptotrachelus dorsalis Fab.^ Lathrobium angular LeConte^ Colliuris pennsylvanica L.^ Lobrathium longiusculum Tetragonderus intersectus Gravenhorst Germar^ Achenomorphus corticinus Lebia pulchella Dejean^ (Gravenhorst) ^ BEETLES FOUND DURING WINTER BOLL WEEVIL SURVEYS 5

Astenus prolixus (Erichson)^ Arthmius prob. gracilior Casey Astenus binotatus (Say) Batrisodes globosus (LeConte) Gyrohypnus fuscipes (LeConte) Cercocerus batrisodes LeConte Gyrohypnus hamatus (Say) Tmesiphorus costalis LeConte Nematolinus longicollis LeConte coecus LeConte Diochus nanus Erichson Erichsonius loxatus (Horn) LEPTODIRIDAE Erichsonius parcus (Horn)^ Nemadus horni Hatch Philonthus lomatus Erichson^ Ptomaphagus consobrinus Philonthus sordidus LeConte^ (Gravenhorst) ^ Belonuchus rufipennis Fab. LEIODIDAE Staphylinus tomentosus Gravenhorst ^ Anisotoma expolita Brown Quedius molochinus SCYDMAENIDAE (Gravenhorst) ^ Bolitobius cinctus Euconnus affinis Casey Gravenhorst ^ Napochus nr. dentiger (Casey) Lordithon axillaris Gravenhorst Napochus clavatus (LeConte) Lordithon dimidiatus (Erichson) Napochus lynceus (Casey) Bryoporus rufescens LeConte^ Napochus basale (LeConte) Mycetoporus humidus Say Na/pochus lacunosus (Casey) Mycetoporus consors LeConte^ Napochus pumilus (Casey) Mycetoporus americanus Napochus nr. politus (Casey) Erichson Stenichnus perforatus (Schaum) Mycetoporus flavicollis LeConte^ Chevrolatia amoena LeConte Mycetoporus flavicollis pictus Scydmaenus grossus (LeConte) Horn^ Mycetoporus splendidus SCAPHIDIIDAE Gravenhorst Scaphidium quadriguttatum Say^ Tachyporus jocosus Say Scaphidium quadriguttatum Erchomus ventriculus (Say) piceum Melsheimer^ Erchomus laevis (LeConte)^ Cyparium flavipes LeConte Tachinus opicus Say Eubaeocera mitchelli Cornell ^ Tachinus pubescens Paykull Baeocera speculifer Casey^ Tachinus crassus Gravenhorst Tachinus parvulus (Horn) HISTERIDAE Phanerota fasciata (Say) Euspilotus placidus Erichson^ Platylomalus aequalis (Say) PSELAPHIDAE Paromalus seminulum Erichson Trimiomelba dubia LeConte Epierus pulicarius Erichson Reichenbachia nr. congener Onthophilus alternatus Say^ Brendel Hister rotundus Casey ^

6 PROD. RES. RPT. 119, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Atholus sedecimstriatus Say^ Serica parallela Casey Phelister subrotundus Say^ Diplotaxis sordida Say^ Diplotaxis liberta (Germar)^ Diplotaxis excavata LeConte^ Canthon nigricornis (Say)^ Diplotaxis densicollis Fall Canthon prohus (Germar) Anomala nigropicta canadensis Canthon bispinatus Robinson Casey Glaphyrocanthon viridis HELODIDAE (Palisot de Beauvois)^ Ateuchus histeroides Weber^ Cyphon nebulosus (LeConte) Ateuchus lecontei (Harold)^ Cyphon padi L. Onthophagus subaeneus Cyphon pusillus (LeConte) (Palisot de Beauvois)^ Onthophagus hecate (Panzer)^ Onthophagus striatulus strigosus LeConte (Palisot de Beauvois)^ Onthophagus tuberculifrons Harold ^ Dicera punctulata (Schonherr) Onthophagus concinnus Laporte^ Chrysobothris chrysoela Aphodius stupidus Horn^ (Illiger)^ Aphodius campestris Blatchley^ ELATERIDAE Aphodius distinctus (Mueller)^ Aphodius terminalis Say^ Conoderus auritus (Herbst)^ Ataenius ovatulus Horn^ Aeolus amabilis (LeConte) Ataenius strigatus (Say) ^ Aeolus livens LeConte Ataenius simulator Harold ^ Limonius plebejus (Say) Ataenius erratus Fall ^ Limonius quercinus (Say)^ Ataenius platensis (Blanchley)^ Limonius aeger LeConte^ Pleurophorus parvulus Limonius basillaris (Say)^ (Chevrolat)^ Athous ornatipennis LeConte Pleurophorus atlanticus Sericus silaceus (Say)^ Cartwright Negastrius perplexus (Horn)^ Ochodaeus musculus Say^ Glyphonyx recticollis (Say)^ Bolboceras darlingtoni (Wallis)^ Glyphonyx testaceus Bolboceras alabamensis (Wallis)^ (Melsheimer) ^ Trox variolatus Melsheimer Glyphonyx quietus Say^ Trox erinaceus LeConte^ Melanotus communis Serica intermixta Blatchley^ (Gyllenhal) ^ Serica sericea (Illiger)^ Melanotus insipiens (Say)^ Serica trociformis Burmeister^ Cardiophorus angustatus Serica Carolina Dawson Blanchley^ Serica atricapilla Kirby Cardiophorus convexus (Say) Serica aspera Dawson^ Horistonotus curiatus (Say)^ BEETLES FOUND DURING WINTER BOLL WEEVIL SURVEYS 7

EUCNEMIDAE Zonantes signatus (Haldeman)^ Melasis pectinicornis Melsheimer NITIDULIDAE CANTHARIDAE Colopterus unicolor (Say)^ Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus Colopterus truncatus (Randall) De Geer () Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fab.) LYCIDAE (corn sap beetle) Dictyopterus mundus Say Carpophilus lugubris Murray ANOBIIDAE (dusky sap beetle) Carpophilus antiquus Melsheimer^ Tricorynus confusus (Fall) (antique sap beetle) Caenocara oculata (Say)^ Carpophilus freemani Dobson Caenocara inepta Fall Stelidota germinata (Say)^ TENEBRIONIDAE Stelidota octomaculata (Say)^ Blapstinus metallicus (Fab.)^ Stelidota strigosa (Gyllenhal) Crypticus obsoletus (Say)^ Pallodes silaceus Erichson^ Uloporus ovalis Casey Pallodes pallidus Platydema excavatum (Say) (Palisot de Beauvois) Platydema ruficolle Epuraea lengi Parsons Laporte & Brulle^ Platydema crenatum LeConte^ RHIZOPHAGIDAE Platydema micans Zimmerman^ Monotoma americana Aube Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse SPHINDIDAE Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)^ Sphindus americanus LeConte (red flour beetle) Uloma imberbis LeConte^ CUCUJIDAE LeConte^ Uloma punctulata Ahasverus advena (Waltl) Eutochia picea (Melsheimer) Ahasverus rectus (LeConte)^ Dioedus punctatics LeConte Laemophloeus convexulus Opatrinus minimum LeConte (Palisot de Beauvois) Telephanus velox Haldeman^ Polypleurus geminatus Sober Anaedus brunneus (Ziegler)^ CRYPTOPHAGIDAE Paratenetus fuscus LeConte Toramus pulchellus (LeConte) ANTHICIDAE LANGURIIDAE Notoxus murinipennis LeConte^ Languria mozardi mozardi Notoxus monodon (Fab.)^ Latreille^ (clover stem borer) Tomoderus interruptus Laferte Tomoderus constrictus (Say)^ Tomoderus impressulus Casey Lycoperdina ferruginea LeConte^ EUGLENIDAE Aphorista vittata (Fab.)^ Zonantes nubifer (LeConte) Mycetina perpulchra Newman 8 PROD. RES. RPT. 119, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Danae testacea Ziegler^ Triplax thoracica Say Stenotarsus hispidus (Herbst) CISIDAE COCCINELLIDAE Cis congestus Casey Hyperaspis signata (Olivier) Xestocis miles Casey Hyperaspis proha (Say)^ Hyperaspis paludicola Schwarz LATHRIDIIDAE Brachyacantha ursina (Fab.) Melanophthalma distinguenda Brachyacantha basalis Comolli Melsheimer^ Melanophthalma cavicollis Stethorus punctum (LeConte) Mannerheim^ Scymnus (Pullus) fraternus LeConte COLYDIIDAE

Scymnus {Pullus) chrompyga Synchita laticollis LeConte Casey Philothermus glahriculus Scymnus {Pullus) collaris LeConte Melsheimer Scymnus {Scymnus) americanus MYCETOPHAGIDAE MulsanU Typhaea stercorea L. Scymnus {Diomus) terminatus Say CERAMBYCIDAE Scymnus loewii (Mulsant) Molorchus bimaculatus corni Coleomegilla fuscilabris Haldeman (Mulsant) ^ CHRYSOMELIDAE Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) Adalia hipunctata (L.) Donacia suhtilis Kunze^ (two-spotted lady beetle) Lema trilineata (Olivier) Neomysia pullata (Say) (three-lined potato beetle) Cycloneda sanguinea (L.)^ Griburius scutellaris (Fab.) Cycloneda immaculata (Fab.)^ Cryptocephalus venustus Fab. Cycloneda munda (Say)^ Cryptocephalus schreibersi Epilachna borealis (Fab.) Suffrian (squash beetle) Cryptocephalus tinctus LeConte Epilachna varivestis Mulsant ^ Chlamisus gibbosa (Fab.)^ (Mexican bean beetle) Colaspis brunnea (Fab.)^ Graphops varians LeConte^ EROTYLIDAE Xanthonia decemnotata (Say) Tritoma sanguinipennis Say^ Myochrous denticollis (Say) Tritoma affinis Lacordaire^ Myochrous floridanus Schaeffer^ Tritoma angulata Say^ Paria canella (Fab.)^ Tritoma humeralis Fab.^ Paria aterrima (Olivier) ^ Tritoma erythrocephala Paria gilvipes Horn^ Lacordaire^ Paria opacicollis LeConte BEETLES FOUND DURING WINTER BOLL WEEVIL SURVEYS 9

Paria pratensis Balsbaugh Phyllotreta zimmermanni Paria fragariae Wilcox (Crotch) (strawberry rootworm) Psylliodes punctulata Melsheimer Calligrapha scalaris (LeConte) (hop ) (elm calligrapha) Sumitrosis rosea (Weber) Hydrothassa obliquata (LeConte) Chalepus bicolor (Olivier)^ Ophraella sexvittata (LeConte) Baliosus ruber (Weber) ^ Ophraella notulata (Fab.)^ (basswood leaf miner) Pyrrhalta rufosanguinea (Say)^ Octotoma plicatula (Fab.) Diabrotica undecimpunctata how- Glyphuroplata porcata ardi Barber^ (southern corn (Melsheimer) rootworm, spotted cucumber Deloyala guttata (Olivier)^ beetle) (mottled tortoise beetle) Acalymma vittata (Fab.)^ Agroiconota bivittata (Say)^ (striped cucumber beetle) BRUCHIDAE Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster)^ (bean ) Meibomerus musculus (Say) Kuschelina petaurista (Fab.) ANTHRIBIDAE Capraita sexmaculata (Illiger)^ Capraita quercata (Fab.)^ Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) Capraita obsidiana (Fab.)^ (coffee bean weevil) Capraita circumdata (Randall)^ Trigonorhinus sticticus Capraita scalaris (Melsheimer)^ (Boheman)^ Disonycha caroliniana (Fab.)^ Toxonotus lividus (LeConte) Disonycha triangularis (Say) Tropideres fasciatus (Olivier) (three-spotted flea beetle) Disonycha glabrata (Fab.)^ Disonycha admirabilis Blatchley^ Pantomoris cervinus (Boheman)^ Strabala rufa (Illiger)^ (Fuller rose beetle) Crepidodera nana (Say)^ Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) Epithrix fuscula Crotch (strawberry root weevil) (eggplant flea beetle) Cercopeus chrysorhoeus (Say)^ Cercopeus strigicollis Sleeper Epithrix hirtipennis Cercopeus maspavancus Sleeper (Melsheimer) Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman) (tobacco flea beetle) Pandeleteius hilaris (Herbst) Mantura floridana Crotch Cyrtepistomus castaneus Chaetocnema denticulata (Illiger) (Roelofs) (Asiatic oak weevil) (toothed flea beetle) Listronotus costirostris obliquus Chaetocnema confinis Crotch^ (Klug) ^ (vegetable weevil) (sweetpotato flea beetle) Listronotus prob. sordidus Longitarsus melanurus (Gyllenhal) (Melsheimer) Listronotus caudatus (Say) /! 10 PROD. RES. RPT. 119, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE • •»

Hyperodes delumhis Gyllenhal Acanthoscelidius curtus (Say)

'

Hylobius pales (Herbst)^ Acanthoscelidius acephalus Say ^ (pales weevil) Auleutes tenuipes (LeConte) '

^ Smicronyx sculpticollis Casey Ceutorhynchus rapae GyllenhaL I

(dodder gall weevil) (cabbage curculio) . J

Apion prob. decoloratum Smith Ceutorhynchus rudis LeConte I Cimheris elongatus LeConte^ Ampeloglypter longipennis Casey

Pterocolus ovatus Fab/ Glyptobaris lecontei Champion , , Tachypterellus quadrigihbus Centrinaspis picumnus (Herbst)^ (Say)^ (apple curculio) Oligolochus ornatus Casey^

Anthonomus scutellaris LeConte Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky^ . . (plum gouger) (larger rice weevil) ^ Anthonomus grandis Boheman^ Sphenophorus parvulus (boll weevil) (Gyllenhal)^ Anthonomus suturalis LeConte^ (bluegrass billbug) Anthonomus flavicornis Boheman Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus nenuphar (Herbst) (Illiger)^ (plum curculio) SCOLYTIDAE Conotrachelus albicinctus

’ LeConte^ Cnesinus strigicollis LeConte Conotrachelus affinis Boheman Pagiocerus frontalis (Fab.) ^ Conotrachelus seniculus LeConte Hypothenemus obscurus (Fab.) Conotrachelus elegans (Say)^ (apple twig beetle) Conotrachelus naso LeConte^ Hypothenemus interstitialis , y Conotrachelus posticatus (Hopkins) ^ Boheman^ Hypothenemus dissimilis Conotrachelus cribricollis (Say)^ (Zimmerman) , , Conotrachelus anaglypticus Monarthrum mali (Fitch) (Say)^ 4

1 Conotrachelus erinaceus LeConte Reported by Rainwater (see footnote 6). . Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman^ (cowpea curculio) Of the 53 species of chryso- ^ melids found, 14 well are so ; Chalcodermus inaequicollis Horn^ ^ Chalcodermus collaris Horn^ known as plant pests that they Acalles clavatus Say have been given common names. Many of the others are classed as Tyloderma fragariae Riley * ^ (strawberry crown borer) flea beetles, leaf miners, root- Micralcinus maculata worms, and leaf feeders. (Blatchley)^ Curculionids are represented Cryptorhynchus obliquus Say by 54 species, 16 of which are Cryptorhynchus tristis LeConte known by common names. Most

Lechriops oculatus (Say)^ of the species in this family feed '

Craponius inaequalis (Say) on plants or their fruit. They are ^ (grape curculio) some of our most destructive BEETLES FOUND DURING WINTER BOLL WEEVIL SURVEYS 11

pests, including the boll weevil ter beneath the bark of dead and the plum curculio. trees. Staphylinids and carabids are Most nitidulids feed on rotting represented by 50 and 47 species, vegetation and fungi, although respectively. Few of these have some are predatory on other in- been given common names, but sects. Several of the 12 species most of them are beneficial, be- collected are pests on such fruits cause they are generally preda- as peaches and grapes and on tors on other species, both vegetables such as sweet corn. as adults and as larvae. Eleven species of scydmaenids Most of the 39 species of scar- were found, but since members abs collected belong to the group of this family live in ant nests, of dung or carrion feeders, al- under dead tree bark, in woods though species of Serica, Diplo- trash, and under stones, no pest taxis, and Anomala feed on plant species are known. roots. The eight species of histerids The 21 species of coccinellids listed could undoubtedly be con- found in woods trash include the sidered beneficial, since both Mexican bean beetle and the larvae and adults of most species squash beetle, which are notori- in this family are predators, liv- ous leaf feeders. The other species ing in the soil or under dead tree are classed as beneficial insects, bark and feeding on such insect since both larvae and adults feed pests as cutworms, fly larvae, and on a variety of mites, aphids, weevil larvae. scale insects, and other soft- The seven pselaphid species bodied insects. found are normal inhabitants of Several of the 18 species of woods trash, where they feed on elaterids collected live in dead other minute creatures or are fed trees, where some of them are by ants. predatory. However, since the The six species of erotylids col- lected are associated with fungi. larvae of certain species of the The six species of scolytids usu- family are rather damaging to ally attack dead or dying trees underground parts of agricul- or shrubs, feeding on the bark tural products, some of the species and wood. The adults also feed found in trash samples could pos- on shoots of live trees and shrubs, sibly be injurious also. and some are carriers of disease Tenebrionids have a wide range from infected to healthy trees. of food items, including stored Five species were collected products, wastes, rotting from each of the following three vegetation, and growing plants. families. Little is known about Most of the 17 species included the scaphidiids, but probably here feed on fungi or other mat- these species feed on fungi be- •^1

12 PROD. RES. RPT. 119, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

neath or on trees. Larvae of each represented by three species. ^ anthicids live in vegetable detri- The helodids are not likely to be tus and the adults are found on pests, since the larvae are aquatic ^ flowers and foliage. The larvae and the adults are seldom found. » * of at least one species in the The anobiids include several family are predatory. The en- pests of stored products and are generally found wood, but the species found in domychids ^ under dead tree bark or on decay- woods trash are not known to ing fruit, where they feed on be numerous enough to become - molds and fungi. damaging. Of the 27 species belonging to Each of the following two fam- 20 additional families, only two ilies was represented by four are considered economically im- species. The cucujids include portant. A languriid, Languria some species whose larvae are ^ mozardi mozardi Latreille, dam- predators, but most feed on de- ages the stems of clover and other ^ caying plant material or stored legumes, and the larvae of a products. The anthribids feed on cantharid, Chauliognathus penn- '' fungi, usually tree or under bark sylvanicus De Geer, are preda- » in stored products. cious and were found in all areas The next two families were surveyed during the winter.

» T

Washington, D.C. Issued December 1970

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