Public Administration and Information Technology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Public Administration and Information Technology Public Administration and Information Technology Volume 10 Series Editor Christopher G. Reddick San Antonio, Texas, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10796 Marijn Janssen • Maria A. Wimmer Ameneh Deljoo Editors Policy Practice and Digital Science Integrating Complex Systems, Social Simulation and Public Administration in Policy Research 2123 Editors Marijn Janssen Ameneh Deljoo Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management Management Delft University of Technology Delft University of Technology Delft Delft The Netherlands The Netherlands Maria A. Wimmer Institute for Information Systems Research University of Koblenz-Landau Koblenz Germany ISBN 978-3-319-12783-5 ISBN 978-3-319-12784-2 (eBook) Public Administration and Information Technology DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12784-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956771 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The last economic and financial crisis has heavily threatened European and other economies around the globe. Also, the Eurozone crisis, the energy and climate change crises, challenges of demographic change with high unemployment rates, and the most recent conflicts in the Ukraine and the near East or the Ebola virus disease in Africa threaten the wealth of our societies in different ways. The inability to predict or rapidly deal with dramatic changes and negative trends in our economies and societies can seriously hamper the wealth and prosperity of the European Union and its Member States as well as the global networks. These societal and economic challenges demonstrate an urgent need for more effective and efficient processes of governance and policymaking, therewith specifically addressing crisis management and economic/welfare impact reduction. Therefore, investing in the exploitation of innovative information and commu- nication technology (ICT) in the support of good governance and policy modeling has become a major effort of the European Union to position itself and its Member States well in the global digital economy. In this realm, the European Union has laid out clear strategic policy objectives for 2020 in the Europe 2020 strategy1: In a changing world, we want the EU to become a smart, sustainable, and inclusive economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and the Member States deliver high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion. Concretely, the Union has set five ambitious objectives—on employment, innovation, education, social inclusion, and climate/energy—to be reached by 2020. Along with this, Europe 2020 has established four priority areas—smart growth, sustainable growth, inclusive growth, and later added: A strong and effective system of eco- nomic governance—designed to help Europe emerge from the crisis stronger and to coordinate policy actions between the EU and national levels. To specifically support European research in strengthening capacities, in overcom- ing fragmented research in the field of policymaking, and in advancing solutions for 1 Europe 2020 http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htm v vi Preface ICT supported governance and policy modeling, the European Commission has co- funded an international support action called eGovPoliNet2. The overall objective of eGovPoliNet was to create an international, cross-disciplinary community of re- searchers working on ICT solutions for governance and policy modeling. In turn, the aim of this community was to advance and sustain research and to share the insights gleaned from experiences in Europe and globally. To achieve this, eGovPo- liNet established a dialogue, brought together experts from distinct disciplines, and collected and analyzed knowledge assets (i.e., theories, concepts, solutions, findings, and lessons on ICT solutions in the field) from different research disciplines. It built on case material accumulated by leading actors coming from distinct disciplinary backgrounds and brought together the innovative knowledge in the field. Tools, meth- ods, and cases were drawn from the academic community, the ICT sector, specialized policy consulting firms as well as from policymakers and governance experts. These results were assembled in a knowledge base and analyzed in order to produce com- parative analyses and descriptions of cases, tools, and scientific approaches to enrich a common knowledge base accessible via www.policy-community.eu. This book, entitled “Policy Practice and Digital Science—Integrating Complex Systems, Social Simulation, and Public Administration in Policy Research,” is one of the exciting results of the activities of eGovPoliNet—fusing community building activities and activities of knowledge analysis. It documents findings of comparative analyses and brings in experiences of experts from academia and from case descrip- tions from all over the globe. Specifically, it demonstrates how the explosive growth in data, computational power, and social media creates new opportunities for policy- making and research. The book provides a first comprehensive look on how to take advantage of the development in the digital world with new approaches, concepts, instruments, and methods to deal with societal and computational complexity. This requires the knowledge traditionally found in different disciplines including public administration, policy analyses, information systems, complex systems, and com- puter science to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion and to share approaches. This book provides the foundation for strongly multidisciplinary research, in which the various developments and disciplines work together from a comprehensive and holistic policymaking perspective. A wide range of aspects for social and professional networking and multidisciplinary constituency building along the axes of technol- ogy, participative processes, governance, policy modeling, social simulation, and visualization are tackled in the 19 papers. With this book, the project makes an effective contribution to the overall objec- tives of the Europe 2020 strategy by providing a better understanding of different approaches to ICT enabled governance and policy modeling, and by overcoming the fragmented research of the past. This book provides impressive insights into various theories, concepts, and solutions of ICT supported policy modeling and how stake- holders can be more actively engaged in public policymaking. It draws conclusions 2 eGovPoliNet is cofunded under FP 7, Call identifier FP7-ICT-2011-7, URL: www.policy- community.eu Preface vii of how joint multidisciplinary research can bring more effective and resilient find- ings for better predicting dramatic changes and negative trends in our economies and societies. It is my great pleasure to provide the preface to the book resulting from the eGovPoliNet project. This book presents stimulating research by researchers coming from all over Europe and beyond. Congratulations to the project partners and to the authors!—Enjoy reading! Thanassis Chrissafis Project officer of eGovPoliNet European Commission DG CNECT, Excellence in Science, Digital Science Contents 1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age ................. 1 Marijn Janssen and Maria A. Wimmer 2 Educating Public Managers and Policy Analysts in an Era of Informatics ....................................... 15 Christopher Koliba and Asim Zia 3 The Quality of Social Simulation: An Example from Research Policy Modelling .............................................. 35 Petra Ahrweiler and Nigel Gilbert 4 Policy Making and Modelling in a Complex World ................ 57 Wander Jager and Bruce Edmonds 5 From Building a Model to Adaptive Robust Decision Making Using Systems Modeling ....................................... 75 Erik Pruyt 6 Features and Added Value of Simulation Models Using Different Modelling Approaches Supporting Policy-Making: A Comparative Analysis ...................................................... 95 Dragana Majstorovic, Maria A.Wimmer, Roy Lay-Yee, Peter Davis and Petra Ahrweiler 7 A Comparative Analysis of Tools and Technologies for Policy Making ............................................. 125 Eleni Kamateri, Eleni Panopoulou, Efthimios Tambouris, Konstantinos Tarabanis, Adegboyega Ojo, Deirdre Lee and David
Recommended publications
  • The Emergence of Numerical Weather Prediction: Richardson’S Dream Peter Lynch Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-41483-9 - The Emergence of Numerical Weather Prediction: Richardson’s Dream Peter Lynch Frontmatter More information THE EMERGENCE OF NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION Richardson’s Dream In the early twentieth century, Lewis Fry Richardson dreamt that scientific weather prediction would one day become a practical reality. The method of computing changes in the state of the atmosphere that he mapped out in great detail is essen- tially the method used today. Before his ideas could bear fruit several advances were needed: better understanding of the dynamics of the atmosphere; stable com- putational algorithms to integrate the equations of motion; regular observations of the free atmosphere; and powerful automatic computer equipment. By 1950, advances on all these fronts were sufficient to permit the first computer weather forecast to be made. Over the ensuing 50 years progress in numerical weather prediction has been dramatic, allowing Richardson’s dream to become a reality. Weather prediction and climate modelling have now reached a high level of sophistication. This book tells the story of Richardson’s trial forecast, and the fulfilment of his dream of practical weather forecasting and climate modelling. It has a complete reconstruction of Richardson’s forecast, and analyses in detail the causes of the fail- ure of this forecast. It also includes a description of current practice, with particular emphasis on the work of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Fore- casts. This book will appeal to everyone involved in numerical weather forecasting, from researchers and graduate students to professionals. Peter Lynch is Met Eireann´ Professor of Meteorology at University College Dublin (UCD) and Director of the UCD Meteorology and Climate Centre.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Nuclear Energy in Mitigating Greenhouse Warming
    LA-UR-97-4380 Title: The Role of Nuclear Energy in Mitigating Greenhouse Warming Author(s): R. A. Krakowski Submitted to: http://lib-www.lanl.gov/la-pubs/00412585.pdf Los Alamos NATIONAL LABORATORY Los Alamos NATIONAL LABORATORY Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. By acceptance of this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher’s right to publish; therefore, the Laboratory as an institution does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness. Form No. 836 R5 ST 2629 10/91 THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN MITIGATING GREENHOUSE WARMING R. A. Krakowski Systems Engineering and Integration Group Technology and Safety Assessment Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 ABSTRACT A behavioral, top-down, forced-equilibrium market model of long-term (~2100) global energy-economics interactions* has been modified with a “bottom-up” nuclear energy model and used to construct consistent scenarios describing future impacts
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Simulation Tools to Enhance Undergraduate Power Systems Edu- Cation
    Paper ID #9640 Computer Simulation Tools to Enhance Undergraduate Power Systems Edu- cation Dr. Matthew Turner, Purdue University (Statewide Technology) Matthew Turner is an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology at Purdue University in New Albany, IN. Previously with the Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research at the University of Louisville, his research interests include power distribution system modelling, best practices for power systems education, and electric energy and public policy. Dr. Chris Foreman, Purdue University, West Lafayette Chris Foreman (Ph.D. Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, 2008) is a Senior Member of IEEE, the Power and Energy Society, and holds both B.S. (1990) and M.Eng. (1996) degrees in Electrical Engineering, also from the University of Louisville. He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology at Purdue University. He teaches and performs research in renewable energy systems, smart power grids, industrial control systems, and cyber- security. He has over 15 years of power industry experience with companies such as Westinghouse Process Control Division (now Emerson Process Management), Cinergy (now Duke Energy), and Alcoa Inc. Dr. Rajeswari Sundararajan, Purdue University, West Lafayette c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Computer Simulation Tools to Enhance Undergraduate Power Systems Education Abstract This paper presents a review of software simulation tools relevant for use in undergraduate electrical power systems education. A study of the software packages is presented with respect to their utility in teaching according to the Cognitive Domain Hierarchy of Bloom's Taxonomy. 1. Introduction In recent years a variety of factors have combined to place increasing pressure on the electric power industry; including increasing electrical energy demand, aging infrastructure, energy independence and security goals, and increasingly stringent environmental regulation.
    [Show full text]
  • 1- Validating Simulation Models: a General Framework and Four
    -1- Validating Simulation Models: AGeneral Framework and Four Applied Examples Robert E. Marks Australian Graduate School of Management Australian School of Business University of NewSouth Wales SydneyNSW 2052 Australia bobm@agsm.edu.au June 18, 2007 ABSTRACT:This paper provides a framework for discussing the empirical validation of simulation models of market phenomena, in particular of agent-based computational economics models. Such validation is difficult, perhaps because of their complexity; moreover, simulations can prove existence, but not in general necessity.The paper highlights the Energy Modeling Forum’sbenchmarking studies as an exemplar for simulators. A market of competing coffee brands is used to discuss the purposes and practices of simulation, including explanation. The paper discusses measures of complexity,and derivesthe functional complexity of an implementation of Schelling’s segregation model. Finally,the paper discusses howcourts might be convinced to trust simulation results, especially in merger policy. Acknowledgments: We thank Rich Burton, Yaneer Bar-Yam, Ian Wilkinson, Shayne Gary, Peter McBurney, Hill Huntington, Leigh Tesfatsion, the participants at the Fourth UCLA LakeArrowhead Conference on Human ComplexSystems, and twoanonymous referees for their comments and assistance. JEL codes: C63, C15 Ke ywords: simulation; validation; agent-based computational economics; antitrust; functional complexity; Schelling; sufficiency; Daubert criteria -2- 1. Introduction The apparent past reluctance of some in the discipline to accept computer simulation models of economic phenomena might stem from their lack of confidence in the behaviour and results exhibited by such models. Even if there are other reasons, better validation of such models would reduce anyskepticism about their results and their usefulness. Leombruni et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Report 11-1-10
    New York State Climate Action Council Interim Report 11-1-10 Additional Material Full Descriptions of Adaptation Recommendations This document provides additional information for each of the Adaptation Recommendations, including the following: • Potential implementation mechanisms • Related efforts • Research and information needs In some cases, sections are expanded from what is provided in the Climate Action Plan Interim Report. New York State Climate Action Council Interim Report 11-1-10 Agriculture Vision Statement Develop and adopt strategies and technological advances that recognize agriculture as a critical climate and resource dependent New York State industry that is inextricably linked to Earth’s carbon and nitrogen cycles, and ensure that in 2050, the agricultural sector is not only viable, but thriving in a carbon-constrained economy, and is continually adapting to a changing climate. Background Agriculture is a significant component of the New York economy; it includes large wholesale grower-shippers selling products nationally and internationally, a substantial dairy industry, and thousands of small farm operations selling direct retail and providing communities throughout the state with local, fresh produce. Farmers will be on the front lines of coping with climate change, but the direct impacts on crops, livestock, and pests, and the costs of farmer adaptation will have cascading effects beyond the farm gate and throughout the New York economy. While climate change will create unprecedented challenges, there are likely to be new opportunities as well, such as developing markets for new crop options that may come with a longer growing season and warmer temperatures. Taking advantage of any opportunities and minimizing the adverse consequences of climate change will require new decision tools for strategic adaptation.
    [Show full text]
  • Linked Open Data: the Essentials a Quick Start Guide for Decision Makers
    This is a quick start guide for decision makers who need to quickly get up to speed Florian Bauer, Martin Kaltenböck with the Linked Open Data (LOD) concept, and who want to make their organization a part of this movement. Linked Open Data: It gives a quick overview of all key aspects of LOD, and gives practical answers to many pertinent questions including: The Essentials • What do the terms Open Data, Open Government Data and Linked Open Data actually mean, and what are the dierences between them? A Quick Start Guide for • What do I need to take into account in developing a LOD strategy for my organization? Decision Makers • What does my organization need to do technically in order to open up and publish its data sets? • How can I make sure the data is accessible and digestible for others? • How can I add value to my own data sets by consuming LOD from other sources? • What can be learned from three case studies of best practices in LOD? • REEEP's clean energy information portal reegle.info • NREL's Open Energy Information Portal • The ocial home of UK legislation: legislation.gov.uk • What are the potentials offered by this fundamental step-change in the way data is shared and consumed via the web? edition mono ISBN: 978-3-902796-05-9 Linked Open Data: The Essentials A Quick Start Guide for Decision Makers by Florian Bauer (REEEP) and Martin Kaltenböck (Semantic Web Company) 2 Imprint Published by: edition mono/monochrom, Vienna, Austria ISBN: 978-3-902796-05-9 Print: DGS – Druck- u.
    [Show full text]
  • Forecasting Natural Gas: a Literature Survey
    International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy ISSN: 2146-4553 available at http: www.econjournals.com International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2018, 8(3), 216-249. Forecasting Natural Gas: A Literature Survey Jean Gaston Tamba1*, Salomé Ndjakomo Essiane2, Emmanuel Flavian Sapnken3, Francis Djanna Koffi4, Jean Luc Nsouandélé5, Bozidar Soldo6, Donatien Njomo7 1Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, PO Box 8698 Douala, Cameroon, 2Laboratory of Technologies and Applied Science, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, PO Box 8698 Douala, Cameroon, 3Laboratory of Technologies and Applied Science, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, PO Box 8698 Douala, Cameroon, 4Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, PO Box 8698 Douala, Cameroon, 5Department of Renewable Energy, Higher Institute of the Sahel, University of Maroua, PO Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon, 6HEP-Plin Ltd., Cara Hadrijana 7, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia, 7Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. *Email: tambajea@gmail.com ABSTRACT This work presents a state-of-the-art survey of published papers that forecast natural gas production, consumption or demand, prices and income elasticity, market volatility and hike in prices. New models and techniques that have recently been applied in the field of natural gas forecasting have discussed with highlights on various methodologies, their specifics, data type, data size, data source, results and conclusions. Moreover, we undertook the difficult task of classifying existing models that have been applied in this field by giving their performance for instance. Our objective is to provide a synthesis of published papers in the field of natural gas forecasting, insights on modeling issues to achieve usable results, and the future research directions.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Bioinformatics
    Mesleki İngilizce - Technical English II • Notes: Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN – In the slides, • texts enclosed by curly parenthesis, {…}, are examples. • texts enclosed by square parenthesis, […], are naydin@yildiz.edu.tr explanations related to examples. http://www.yildiz.edu.tr/~naydin 1 2 Computer Simulation Computer Simulation • Learning Objectives • Keywords – to acquire basic knowledge about simulation kinds and – mathematical model history • an abstract model that uses mathematical language to – to understand difference between simulation and describe a system modelling – to understand the power of simulation and its influence – stochastic process on modern science • a process with an indeterminate or random element as • Sub-areas covered opposed to a deterministic process that has no random element – Computer simulation – Discrete – Computer graphics – Mathematics • not supporting or requiring the notion of continuity – discrete objects are countable sets such as integers 3 4 Computer Simulation Computer Simulation • Keywords • Reading text – Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) • an application of the field of computer graphics (or, more • Pre-reading questions specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects in films, television programs, commercials and simulation – How can we solve problems in cases where – differential equation physical models are too complex or expensive to • a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or build? several variables that relates the values of the function itself and of its derivatives
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Simulation of Building Energy Consumption and Building Energy Efficiency
    The 2nd International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (2012) Computer Simulation of Building Energy Consumption and Building Energy Efficiency Zhao Lei Song Jingying Architectural Engineering Architectural Engineering Xinxiang University Xinxiang University Abstract—Computer simulation of building energy begins. Different architectural style, different materials, consumption is one of important assisted tools in the field of different building equipment systems can be combined into energy efficiency, architects can easily design process at any many programs, from the many programs to select the most stage of the design of energy-saving evaluation by computer energy-efficient solutions, energy consumption must be simulation, or test can predict the future or existing Building estimated for each program, which is the computer building energy consumption, diagnostic analysis of building thermal energy simulation technology. process, so as to optimize the building design to minimize Computer simulation of building energy consumption is energy consumption to provide an accurate basis. one of important assisted tools in the field of energy efficiency. architects can easily design process at any stage Keywords-uilding energy efficiency, Building energy simulation computer technology, Architectural design of the design of energy-saving evaluation by computer simulation, or test can predict the future or existing buildings energy consumption, diagnostic analysis of building thermal I. INTRODUCTION process, so as to optimize the building design, to minimize All manuscripts must be in English. These guidelines energy consumption to provide an accurate basis. Just type in include complete descriptions of the fonts, spacing, and the program model of the architect, you can complete in related information for producing your proceedings design software, thermal performance, natural light, artificial manuscripts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Computer Simulation to Establish Energy Efficiency Parameters for a Building Code of a City in Brazil
    Eighth International IBPSA Conference Eindhoven, Netherlands August 11-14, 2003 THE USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION TO ESTABLISH ENERGY EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS FOR A BUILDING CODE OF A CITY IN BRAZIL Joyce Carlo1, Enedir Ghisi2 and Roberto Lamberts3 1. joyce@labeee.ufsc.br; 2.enedir@labeee.ufsc.br; 3.lamberts@ecv.ufsc.br LabEEE – Energy Efficiency in Buildings Laboratory Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970 - Brazil 1310TWh in 20 years (2000 to 2020), while India ABSTRACT would save 1659TWh in the same period and Mexico The first energy efficiency law for Brazil was 550TWh, representing reductions of 12%, 11% and presented in 2001, which required that buildings 12% in 20 years, respectively. One year before, in should have some energy efficiency regulation. 1995, Mexico approved its first energy standard, for Salvador city building code was then submitted to a commercial buildings [COMISIÓN NACIONAL study to include energy efficiency parameters related PARA EL AHORRO DE ENERGÍA, 1995a] and for to the building envelope. artificial lighting in buildings [COMISIÓN NACIONAL PARA EL AHORRO DE ENERGÍA, The energy consumption limits were associated with 1995b]. Both were based on ASHRAE Standard 90.1 the envelope parameters using simulation and using a [1999]. Recently, a DOE press release [DOE, 2002] multi-variable regression equation developed using stated that Mexico, United States and Canada are simulation. Twelve models were defined with the moving towards unifying their energy efficiency variables that influence most on energy consumption standards. This trend is already in progress in and were combined to the envelope variables Europe, where the European directives for energy resulting in the analysis of 1616 prototype buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • Economics of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia Options and Costs
    Economics of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia Options and Costs Financed under ADB-Australia South Asia Development Partnership Facility Economics of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia Options and Costs Ram Manohar Shrestha Mahfuz Ahmed Suphachol Suphachalasai Rodel Lasco December 2012 Financed under ADB-Australia South Asia Development Partnership Facility © 2013 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published 2013. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9092-143-1 (Print), 978-92-9092-383-1 (PDF) Publication Stock No. BKK135371-2 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shrestha, R.M., M. Ahmed, S. Suphachalasai, and R.D. Lasco. Economics of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in South Asia: Options and costs. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2013. 1. Climate change. 2. Mitigation. 3. South Asia. I. Asian Development Bank. the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB. Cover photos from ADB photo library and AFP Imageforum. Note: In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Networks and Platforms for Low Emission and Climate Compatible Development Planning
    Review of Networks and Platforms for Low Emission and Climate Compatible Development Planning Discussion Paper Prepared by the Coordinated Low Emissions Assistance Network (CLEAN) December 1, 2011 Executive Summary This paper responds to a request from the July 13th High Level Dialogue on Low Emission Development Policy Implementation convened by the World Bank for a review of existing networks and platforms supporting low emission and climate compatible development planning. It also presents results from an inventory of LEDS related programs across countries. This review is a preliminary desk based study based on information available through web sites, publications, and other information available to the authors. The conclusions presented here should be treated with caution given the limitations of the review, including the need for further dialogue and input from developing countries to evaluate the adequacy of existing networks and platforms relative to their needs and priorities. The review highlights the following trends: LEDS Networks and Platforms . A rich portfolio of low emission and climate compatible development platforms and networks are operating, with some notable gaps as highlighted in other points below. Many of these networks and platforms are seeking increased participation by developing countries and have not achieved balanced engagement across both developed and developing countries across regions. Few networks bring together private sector companies and investors with country government officials, international program managers, and technical institutes. High level political leaders across countries from all regions are not actively engaging in ongoing dialogue on LEDs issues through the existing networks, although several forums have tried with limited success to foster such high level dialogue.
    [Show full text]