May 95 TCC MTG AGENDA

National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 Phone: 617-770-3000 • Fax: 617-770-0700 • www.nfpa.org

AGENDA

NEC Code-Making Panel 5

First Draft Meeting

January 12-17, 2015

Hilton Head, SC

Item No. Subject

15-1 -1 Call to Order

15-1-2 Introduction of Members and Guests

15-1-3 Approval of A2013 ROC Meeting Minutes

15-1-4 Review of Meeting Procedures and Revision Schedule

15-1-5 Comments/Questions from Committee Members

15-1-6 Task Group Reports

15-1-7 Processing of Public Inputs

15-1-8 Fire Protection Research Foundation Requests

15-1-9 Old Business

15-1-10 New Business

15-1-11 Adjournment

Panel 5 Agenda Page 1 Panel 5 Agenda Page 2 Panel 5 Agenda Page 3 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's

. e No il t F pu e n n d I o l i e lu lic t c b c n e a In Pu S P none Public Input No. 1377 Physical Damage all none Public Input No. 1975 Actual volts all none Public Input No. 3478 various global editorial all none Public Input No. 3681 60 V DC all none Public Input No.4329 All Definitions all A Public Input No. 1902 Nominal all none Public Input No. 1983 100, Bonding Conductor, Eqipment (EBC) 5 none Public Input No. 1394 100, Bonding Jumper, Equipment. 5 none PI No. 1395 100, Bonding Jumper, Main. 5 none Public Input No. 1396 100, Bonding Jumper, System. 5 none Public Input No. 1397 100, Ground‐Fault Current Path. 5 none Public Input No. 1398 100, Grounding Conductor, Equipment (EGC). 5 none Public Input No. 3362 100, Intersystem Bonding Termination. 5 none Public Input No. 3838 100, Intersystem Bonding Termination. 5 none Public Input No. 2116 100, Neutral Conductor. 5 none Public Input No. 2117 100, Neutral Conductor. 5 none Public Input No. 2118 100, Neutral Point. 5 none Public Input No. 3689 100‐Objectional Current 5 CI Public Input No. 3689 100‐Objectional Current 5 none Public Input No.1989 200.1 5 none Public Input No.2172 200.1 5 none Public Input No.3082 200.2(A) 5 none Public Input No.1075 200.3 5 none Public Input No.2942 200.4(B) 5 none Public Input No.1224 200.4(B) 5 none Public Input No. 4631 200.4(B) 5 none Public Input No.2303 200.6(A) 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 4 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's none Public Input No.3429 200.6(D) 5 none Public Input No.3049 200.6(D) 5 none Public Input No.1283 200.7(B), 200.7(C) 5 none Public Input No.1934 Sections 200.7(B), 200.7(C) 5 CI Public Input No.4181 250.1 5 none Public Input No. 4310 250.1 5 none Public Input No.2167 250.1 5 none Public Input No.1595 250.3 5 none Public Input No. 4659 250.4(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No. 4661 250.4(B)(1) 5 none Public Input No.706 250.5 5 none Public Input No.2916 250.5 5 none Public Input No.2173 250.6 5 none Public Input No.3276 250.6 5 none Public Input No. 4569 250.6 5 none Public Input No.678 250.6(A) 5 none Public Input No.3469 250.6(B) 5 A Public Input No.841 250.8 5 none Public Input No.363 250.8 5 none Public Input No.2002 250.8(A) 5 none Public Input No.1627 250.8(B) 5 none Public Input No.2170 250.11 5 none Public Input No.1957 250.11 5 none Public Input No.2130 250.12 5 none Public Input No.2220 250.12 5 none Public Input No.2305 250.14 5 none Public Input No.2229 250.13 5 none Public Input No.1969 250.17 5 none Public Input No.2322 250.19 5 none Public Input No.1973 250.20(A), 250.20(B) 5 none Public Input No.1421 250.20(B) 5 none Public Input No.1414 250.20(B)(4) 5 none Public Input No.1974 250.21 5 none Public Input No.3470 250.21(A) 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 5 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's none Public Input No.1444 250.22 5 none Public Input No.1220 250.22 5 none Public Input No. 4535 250.22 5 none Public Input No.2405 250.24 5 none Public Input No.2174 250.24(A) 5 none Public Input No. 4313 250.24(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No. 4350 250.24(A)(2) 5 none Public Input No.4170 250.24(A)(4) 5 none Public Input No. 4252 250.24(A)(4) 5 none Public Input No. 4226 250.24(A)(5) 5 none Public Input No.2250 250.24(B) 5 none Public Input No.2004 250.24(B) 5 none Public Input No. 4683 250.24(B) 5 none Public Input No.3089 250.24(C) ]5 none Public Input No. 4693 250.24(C) ]5 none Public Input No.3916 250.24(C)(1) 5 none Public Input No.3920 250.24(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.3395 250.24(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.2005 250.24(D) 5 none Public Input No. 4263 250.24(A)(4), Informational Note 5 CI Public Input No. 4198 250.24(A)(6) 5 none Public Input No.1129 250.24(B) 5 none Public Input No.1130 250.24(B)(2) 5 none Public Input No.1018 250.26 5 none Public Input No.4100 250.28(A) 5 A Public Input No.308 250.28(D)(1)) 5 none Public Input No. 4704 250.28(D)(2) 5 none Public Input No.4008 250.3 5 none Public Input No.2175 250.30(A) 5 none Public Input No.3283 250.30(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No.1103 250.30(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No.572 250.30(A)(4) 5 none Public Input No.3471 250.30(A)(5) 5 none Public Input No.3472 250.30(A)(6) 5 none Public Input No.3396 250.30(A)(6) 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 6 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's none Public Input No.4096 250.30(B)(2) 5 none Public Input No.2374 250.32 5 none Public Input No.1518 250.32 5 none Public Input No. 4324 250.32(A), 250.32(B), 250.32(C), 250.32(D), 250.32... 5 none Public Input No.3931 250.32(A) 5 none Public Input No.1131 250.32(A) 5 none Public Input No. 4613 250.32(A) 5 none Public Input No.3355 250.32(B)(2) 5 none Public Input No.3357 250.32(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.4011 250.34 5 none Public Input No.3252 250.34 5 none Public Input No.2176 250.34 5 none Public Input No.1277 250.34 5 none Public Input No.3029 250.34(B) 5 none Public Input No.3032 250.35 5 none Public Input No.3033 250.35(A) 5 none Public Input No.3035 250.35(B) 5 none Public Input No.2159 250.35(B) 5 none Public Input No.2177 250.36 5 none Public Input No.3090 250.36 5 A Public Input No.3397 250.36(B) 5 none Public Input No.1874 250.36(B) 5 none Public Input No.4175 250.36(C) 5 none Public Input No.2260 250.36(C) 5 none Public Input No.4097 250.36(D) 5 none Public Input No.1875 250.36(D) 5 none Public Input No.3996 250.53(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No.3311 250.52(A)(2) 5 none Public Input No.2917 250.53(A)(2) 5 none Public Input No.3045 250.52(A)(3) 5 none Public Input No.2918 250.53(A)(3) 5 none Public Input No.1715 250.52(A)(3) 5 none Public Input No.1110 250.52(A)(3) 5 none Public Input No.1412 250.52(A)(3), Informational Note 5 none Public Input No. 4809 250.52(A)(8) 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 7 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's none Public Input No. 4775 250.52(A)(9) 5 none Public Input No.2738 250.53(F) 5 CI Public Input No.4187 250.53(G) 5 none Public Input No.1577 250.53(G) 5 none Public Input No.2162 250.54 5 none Public Input No.1465 250.58 5 CI Public Input No.4189 250.62 5 none Public Input No.3400 250.62 5 none Public Input No.2163 250.64(2) 5 none Public Input No.2164 250.64(3) 5 none Public Input No.1497 250.64(A) 5 none Public Input No. 4702 250.64(A) 5 none Public Input No.985 250.64(B) 5 none Public Input No.1218 250.64(B) 5 none Public Input No.2213 250.64(C) 5 none Public Input No.3358 250.64(D) 5 none Public Input No.3367 250.64(E)(1) 5 none Public Input No.3363 250.64(F) 5 none Public Input No.3336 250.64(F) 5 none Public Input No.3401 250.66(A), 250.66(B) 5 none Public Input No.4196 250.66(A), 250.66(B), 250.66(C) 5 none Public Input No.507 250.66 5 A Public Input No.3399 250.66 5 none Public Input No.1407 250.66(A) 5 none Public Input No.1428 250.68(A) 5 none Public Input No.461 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No.3317 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No.3031 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No.2768 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No.1429 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No.1235 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No. 4796 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No. 4537 250.68(C) 5 none Public Input No.2165 250.86 5 none Public Input No.702 250.94 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 8 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's none Public Input No.436 250.94 5 none Public Input No.3837 250.94 5 none Public Input No.3708 250.94 5 none Public Input No.2889 250.94 5 none Public Input No.2734 250.94 5 none Public Input No.2166 250.96 5 none Public Input No.3333 250.96(B) 5 none Public Input No.1236 250.102 5 none Public Input No. 4540 250.102 5 none Public Input No.4098 250.102(A) 5 none Public Input No.2778 250.102(A) 5 none Public Input No.1301 250.102(A) 5 none Public Input No. 4798 250.102(C) 5 none Public Input No.986 250.102(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.4186 250.102(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.3402 250.102(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.2198 250.102(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.2178 250.102(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.1390 250.102(C)(2) 5 none Public Input No.3461 250.102(D) 5 none Public Input No.504 250.104 5 none Public Input No.1278 250.104(1), 250.104(2), 250.104(3) 5 none Public Input No.2168 250.104(A) 5 none Public Input No.2146 250.104(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No. 4314 250.104(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No.959 250.104(B) 5 none Public Input No.3210 250.104(B) 5 none Public Input No.2215 250.104(B) 5 none Public Input No. 4782 250.104(B) 5 none Public Input No. 4244 250.104(B) and (C) 5 none Public Input No. 4280 250.106 5 none Public Input No. 2169 250, Part VI. 5 none Public Input No.2171 250.112 5 none Public Input No.1959 250.112 5 none Public Input No.422 250.114 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 9 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's none Public Input No.3212 250.114 5 none Public Input No.2216 250.114 5 none Public Input No.1962 250.114 5 none Public Input No.2217 250.116 5 none Public Input No.3704 250.118 5 none Public Input No.2218 250.118 5 none Public Input No. 4644 250.118 5 none Public Input No.2219 250.119 5 none Public Input No.3218 250.119 5 none Public Input No.2251 250.119 5 none Public Input No.1964 250.119 5 none Public Input No.3380 250.119(B) 5 none Public Input No.1696 250.119(C) 5 none Public Input No.3370 250.119(B) 5 none Public Input No.1498 250.120(B) 5 none Public Input No. 4706 250.120(B) 5 none Public Input No. 4481 250.120(B) 5 none Public Input No.1967 250.120(C) 5 none Public Input No.2399 250.121 5 none Public Input No.2221 250.121 5 none Public Input No. 4799 250.121 5 A Public Input No.3322 250.122 5 none Public Input No.2222 250.122 5 none Public Input No.4009 250.122(A) 5 none Public Input No.1313 250.122(A) 5 none Public Input No.1312 250.122(A) 5 none Public Input No. 4245 250.122(A) 5 none Public Input No.544 250.122(B) 5 none Public Input No.3595 250.122(B) 5 none Public Input No.3323 250.122(B) 5 none Public Input No.3230 250.122(B) 5 none Public Input No.1910 250.122(B) 5 none Public Input No.1132 250.122(B) 5 CI Public Input No.1111 250.122(B) 5 none Public Input No.1033 250.122(B) 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 10 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's none Public Input No.4103 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No.3521 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No.3329 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No.1916 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No.1315 250.122(F) 5 A Public Input No.330 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No.1314 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No. 4652 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No. 4641 250.122(F) 5 none Public Input No.480 250.122(G) 5 none Public Input No.2225 250.124 5 none Public Input No.2227 250.126 5 none Public Input No. 2228 250, Part VII. 5 none Public Input No. 4800 250.130(C) 5 none Public Input No.2230 250.132 5 none Public Input No.2231 250.134 5 none Public Input No.2233 250.136 5 none Public Input No.2234 250.138 5 none Public Input No.1966 250.138(A) 5 none Public Input No.2307 250.142 5 none Public Input No.3093 250.142(B) 5 none Public Input No.2308 250.144 5 none Public Input No.2309 250.146 5 none Public Input No.2310 250.148 5 none Public Input No.1331 250.148 ]5 none Public Input No.1221 250.148(C) 5 none Public Input No.1968 250.162(A) 5 none Public Input No.2311 250.168 5 none Public Input No.2312 250.172 5 none Public Input No.1970 250.172 5 none Public Input No.2314 250.174 5 none Public Input No.1971 250.174(A), 250.174(B), 250.174(C) 5 none Public Input No.2315 250.176 5 none Public Input No.3403 250.178 5 none Public Input No.2316 250.178 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 11 Panel 5 ‐ 298 PI's

none Public Input No. 3097 250, Part X. 5 none Public Input No. 4317 250.184 ]5 none Public Input No.2318 250.184(B) 5 CI Public Input No. 4391 250.184(C) 5 none Public Input No. 4802 250.186 5 none Public Input No.3095 250.186(A) ]5 none Public Input No.1321 250.186(A)(1) 5 none Public Input No.3096 250.186(B) ]5 none Public Input No.2319 250.186(B) ]5 none Public Input No.1322 250.186(B)(1) 5 none Public Input No. 4797 250.187 ]5 none Public Input No.4099 250.187(A) 5 none Public Input No.1798 250.187(B) 5 none Public Input No.2320 250.187(D) 5 none Public Input No.2321 250.188 5 none Public Input No.1972 250.188(C) 5 none Public Input No.2729 250.194 5 none Public Input No.805 280.2 5 none Public Input No.372 280.2 5 none Public Input No.3474 280.3 5 none Public Input No.2438 280.12 5 none Public Input No.2323 280.21 5 none Public Input No.3475 280.24(A) 6 none Public Input No.863 285.5 5 none Public Input No.2324 285.23(B) 7 none Public Input No.2325 285.27 5

Panel 5 Agenda Page 12 Panel 5 Agenda Page 13 National Fire Protection Association Report Page 1 of 1

Public Input No. 1377-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

Change "physical damage" to "mechanical damage"

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The term "physical damage" is often a source of confusion. One of the points of confusion is what is included in "physical damage"; for example, is exposure to corrosive gas included? I believe other language in the code covers that type of situation, and "mechanical damage" more clearly reflects the intent of the requirements in the NEC that currently refer to "physical damage".

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Christel Hunter Organization: General Cable Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 20:02:13 EDT 2014

I, Christel Hunter, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Christel Hunter, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 1975-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

Search for Replace with 50 volts 50 actual volts 50 Volts 50 Actual Volts 50-volts 50-actual-volts 50-Volts 50-Actual-Volts

Search for Replace with 150 volts 150 actual volts 150 Volts 150 Actual Volts 150-volts 150-actual-volts 150-Volts 150-Actual-Volts Search for Replace with 300 volts 300 actual volts 300 Volts 300 Actual Volts 300-volts 300-actual-volts 300-Volts 300-Actual Volts Search for Replace with 2000 volts 2000 actual volts 2000 Volts 2000 Actual Volts Search for Replace with 2001 volts 2001 actual volts 2001 Volts 2001 Actual Volts Search for Replace with 5000 volts 5000 actual volts 5000 Volts 5000 Actual Volts Search for Replace with 35,000 volts 35,000 actual volts 35,000 Volts 35,000 Actual Volts 35,000 V 35,000 Actual V These search and replace operations will pick up all references to the listed voltages, alll of which are actual rather than nominal values.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses voltages that are "actual" hard limits. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

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Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global This submission depends on Input] 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 19:51:34 EDT 2014

By checking this box I affirm that I am JAMES WILLIAMS, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 3478-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

for "provided that the" read "if the" for "provided that it" read "if it" for "provided that all" read "if all" for "provided that such" read "if the"

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

NEC_StyleManual_2011.pdf: 3.3.4 Word Clarity. Words and terms used in the NEC shall be specific and clear in meaning, and shall avoid jargon, trade terminology, industry-specific terms, or colloquial language that is difficult to understand. NEC language shall be brief, clear, and emphatic. The following are examples of old-fashioned expressions and word uses that shall not be permitted: "provided that"

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 10:33:19 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3681-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

Change the use of the phrase "60 V DC" to "Nominal 50V DC" throughout the NFPA 70 Standard.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The NEC is conflicted in its use of the terminology which defines the DC voltage level on when certain code rules apply. It would appear that half of the NEC code sections refer to 60V dc as the voltage limit which mandates certain code requirements. And it would appear the other half refers to "50V DC". The code should be consistent in its approach. This public input seeks to resolve this conflict and come up with consistent terminology throughout the code.

In 110.26(A)(1)(b) working space requirements are for 60V DC. 250.162 refers to 60V DC for grounding requirements for DC systems. 393.6 refers to listing requirements for certain DC equipment at 60V. 620.5(D) refers to elevator requirements for uninsulated parts at no more than 60V DC. Article 640 and 647 have similar DC voltage limits.

For the 50 volt level guarding of live parts in 110.27 refers to both AC and DC systems. 220.7 refers to marking of conductors at 50 volts or less regardless of voltage type. Article 720 refers to systems at 50 volts or less whether DC or AC. 210.5(C)(2) refers to marking of conductors for DC systems 50V or less 215.12(C)(2) refers to identification of DC feeder conductors at 50V or less. Section 480.5 states that overcurrent protection shall not be required for conductors from a battery with a nominal voltage of 50 volts or less. 690.71 refers to DC storage batteries that operate at a voltage of 50 volts, nominal or less.

There are many other codes sections not mentioned which vary back and forth between 50 and 60V. The code is not consistent. I am recommending that globally the term 60V DC be replaced with 50V nominal DC.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Lawrence Ayer Organization: Biz Com Electric, Inc. Affilliation: Independent Electrical Contractors, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 21:18:12 EST 2014

I, Lawrence Ayer, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

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By checking this box I affirm that I am Lawrence Ayer, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 4329-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

Move all definitions to Article 100. It seems that every cycle definitions are moved from a .2 section within an Article to Article 100 because someone points out that the particular term is used in more than one Article. For NEC users, especially new ones it makes understanding the rules that much more difficult. We also have examples like Dustight that is defined differently in Article 100 as compared to 500.2. That creates confusion. A greater problem is when a term is defined within an Article yet the term is used elsewhere in the NEC. Is the term in the Article without it being defined supposed to be something different or can it be used the same way? That also creates confusion. Some examples include Metal wireway which is defined in 376.2 yet the term is used elsewhere such as in Articles 210, 225, etc. A Tap conductor is defined in 240.2, is a motor tap conductor supposed to be something different in Article 430? As stated in the NEC Style Manual definitions cannot contain requirements yet it is often argued that stating that something is or is not does not necessarily constitute a requirement. If it is not, then it doesn't meet the definition. If the term is used in multiple articles then creating a definition that is usable in all those Articles is the best approach. Specific requirements which can be different can still be placed in each Article Many other standards have all definitions in one location. Constancy will be improved by having the panels develop language that will use the same terms without creating unnecessary conflicts. I understand the Correlating Committee recently agreed to leave terms in the .2 Section of Articles. I respectfully ask them to reconsider that position.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

It seems that every cycle definitions are moved from a .2 section within an Article to Article 100 because someone points out that the particular term is used in more than one Article. For NEC users, especially new ones it makes understanding the rules that much more difficult.

We also have examples like Dustight that is defined differently in Article 100 as compared to 500.2. That creates confusion.

A greater problem is when a term is defined within an Article yet the term is used elsewhere in the NEC. Is the term in the Article without it being defined supposed to be something different or can it be used the same way? That also creates confusion.

Some examples include Metal wireway which is defined in 376.2 yet the term is used elsewhere such as in Articles 210, 225, etc. A Tap conductor is defined in 240.2, is a motor tap conductor supposed to be something different in Article 430?

As stated in the NEC Style Manual definitions cannot contain requirements yet it is often argued that stating that something is or is not does not necessarily constitute a requirement. If it is not, then it doesn't meet the definition. If the term is used in multiple articles then creating a definition that is usable in all those Articles is the best approach. Specific requirements which can be different can still be placed in each Article

Many other standards have all definitions in one location. Constancy will be improved by having the panels develop language that will use the same terms without creating unnecessary conflicts. I understand the Correlating Committee recently agreed to leave terms in the .2 Section of Articles. I respectfully ask them to reconsider that position.

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Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Paul Dobrowsky Organization: Self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 19:36:47 EST 2014

I, Paul Dobrowsky, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Paul Dobrowsky, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

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Globally edit the text by removing the following text strings nominal Nominal , nominal , Nominal nominal , Nominal , , nominal , , Nominal , That is, remove the word nominal and any optional commas preceding or following it. This is a little too broad, I will provide additional submissions that repair "collateral damage" to nominals not related to voltage. Substantiation: The NEC contains 2744 sentences that contain volt, voltage, and V. Some of the V are false positives (part V, Volume ...). 317 sentences contain nominal. The use of the word nominal does not appear to have a particular pattern when it is found in connection to voltage. Having some voltages marked as nominal and others not marked when both are intended to be nominal, leads to confusion

Making it clear what a particular voltage reference meains is important. Some of the voltage references are for exact voltages. This is true for most "limit" specifications such as "the voltage shall not exceed 42.4 volts". Other voltages are nominal and refer to a range of voltages.

The specification of 600 volts, which is a utilization voltage, and 1000 volts, which is the "new" 600 volts, is problematical. I have chosen to treat these references as nominal.

I propose that the NEC indicate that all voltages listed in it are nominal, unless specifically marked actual This would rid the document of uncertainty as to whether or not a given voltage specification was actual or nominal.

Also add a table that indicates that the three groups of nominal voltages refer to the same thing: for instance 125/250 device rating, 120/240 load rating, and 115/230 motor rating. Coordination: These changes need to be co-ordinated with other submissions These submission will be keyed back to this submission number (1902). They include defining Actual Voltage and adding actual where appropriate. (1)nominal for battery circuits (2)nominal for 120/60 cneter grounded AC circuits (3) Nearly always nominal (4)Occasionally nominal (5)nominal in 600 Voltages references in NEC

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nominal Actual <-- (exact) (utilization)

8108090 10 1280 110 12.4 1530 115 2000 15 (4) 120

21.2 2001 120/240 24 (1) 5000 180 15000 24.8 (5) 200

30 35000 208

42 208Y/120

42.4 220 50 230 60 (2) 240 65 277 80 440 100 460 132 480 150 480Y/277 200 500 300 550 301 600 350 600Y/347 600 (3) 750 900 Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved NFPA-9102_libreOffice.pdf table for substantiation ✓

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

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The NEC contains 2744 sentences that contain volt, voltage, and V. Some of the V are false positives (part V, Volume ...). 317 sentences contain nominal. The use of the word nominal does not appear to have a particular pattern when it is found in connection to voltage. Having some voltages marked as nominal and others not marked when both are intended to be nominal, leads to confusion

ALL RELATED submissions link back to this (1902). Although other related submissions may be interrelated, such links would grow exponentially (the mathematical exponentially, not the TV news exponentially)

The specification of 600 volts, which is a utilization voltage, and 1000 volts, which is the "new" 600 volts, is problematical. I have chosen to treat these references as nominal.

Also add a table that indicates that the three groups of nominal voltages refer to the same thing: for instance 125/250 device rating, 120/240 load rating, and 115/230 motor rating.

Coordination:

These changes need to be co-ordinated with other submissions These submission will be keyed back to this submission number (1902). They include defining Actual Voltage and adding actual where appropriate.

(1)nominal for battery circuits (2)nominal for 120/60 center grounded AC circuits (3)Nearly always nominal (4)Occasionally nominal (5)nominal in 600 {{table formatting was lost when copying it in}}} Actual (exact) <--

nominal

(utilization) <-- Voltages references in NEC8 1080 90 1000 10 1280 110 2300 12.4 1530 115 2400 15 2000(4) 120 4160 21.2 2001 120/240 7200 24(1) 5000 180 7500 24.8 15000(5) 200 13800 30 35000 208 14400 42 208Y/120 15000(5) 42.4 220 23000 50 230 34500 60(2) 240 46000 65 277 69000 80 440 115000 100 460 138000 132 480 230000 150 480Y/277

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200 500 300 550 301 600 350 600Y/347 600(3) 750 900

Related Public Inputs for This Document

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Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2009-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 380.12] Public Input No. 2010-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 382.12] Public Input No. 3023-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 680.3] Public Input No. 3021-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 310.60(C)] Public Input No. 2036-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 410.130(B)] Public Input No. 3022-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 402.3] Public Input No. 1912-NFPA 70-2014 1902 depend on this change [Section No. 110.4] Public Input No. 1914-NFPA 70-2014 1902 depends on this submission [New Section after 110.4] Public Input No. 3025-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 685.3] Public Input No. 2068-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 503.25] Public Input No. 1922-NFPA 70-2014 this submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 386.12] Public Input No. 1921-NFPA 70-2014 this submission fixes a possible error in [Section No. 326.112] application of 1902 Public Input No. 1923-NFPA 70-2014 Ths submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 398.15(C)] Public Input No. 1924-NFPA 70-2014 this submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 400.21(B)] Public Input No. 1925-NFPA 70-2014 THis submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 424.41(E)] Public Input No. 1926-NFPA 70-2014 This submissin depends on 1902 [Section No. 506.6(C)] Public Input No. 1927-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 620.15] Public Input No. 1928-NFPA 70-2014 This submittal depends on 1902 [Section No. 90.9(C)(1)] Public Input No. 1929-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Sections I, I] Public Input No. 1931-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 400.4] Public Input No. 1932-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 110.26(A)(1)] Public Input No. 3024-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 680.8(A)] Public Input No. 1933-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 110.27(A)] Public Input No. 1934-NFPA 70-2014 This submittal depends on 1902 [Sections 200.7(B), 200.7(C)] Public Input No. 1935-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 210.13]

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Public Input No. 1936-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 210.5(C)(2)] Public Input No. 1938-NFPA 70-2014 This submissio depends on 1902 [Section No. 225.14(D)] Public Input No. 1942-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1092 [Section No. 225.18] Public Input No. 2406-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 230.51(C)] Public Input No. 1943-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 225.19(A)] Public Input No. 1945-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 230.208 [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 1948-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 230.95 [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 1946-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 230.24] Public Input No. 1949-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Sections 240.13, 240.13] Public Input No. 1950-NFPA 70-2014 [Definition: Supervised Industrial This submission depends on 1902 Installation.] Public Input No. 1952-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 240.40] Public Input No. 1954-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 240.50(A)] Public Input No. 1957-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.110] Public Input No. 1959-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.112] Public Input No. 2326-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 760.136(D)] Public Input No. 1962-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.114] Public Input No. 1964-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.119 [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 1966-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.138(A)] Public Input No. 1968-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.162(A)] Public Input No. 1969-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.170] Public Input No. 1970-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.172] Public Input No. 1971-NFPA 70-2014 [Sections 250.174(A), 250.174(B), This submission depends on 1902 250.174(C)] Public Input No. 1972-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.188(C)]

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Public Input No. 1973-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Sections 250.20(A), 250.20(B)] Public Input No. 1974-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 250.21] Public Input No. 1975-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Global Input] Public Input No. 1976-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 322.56(B)] Public Input No. 1977-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 324.10(B)(1)] Public Input No. 1978-NFPA 70-2014 [Definition: Medium Voltage Cable, This submission depends on 1902 Type MV.] Public Input No. 1979-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 330.80(B)] Public Input No. 2350-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2012-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 388.12] Public Input No. 2013-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 392.22(A)] Public Input No. 2015-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 392.22(B)] Public Input No. 2016-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 392.22(C)] Public Input No. 2017-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 392.80] Public Input No. 2018-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 393.10] Public Input No. 2020-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 393.6(A)] Public Input No. 2021-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 404.8(B)] Public Input No. 2022-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 406.10(A)] Public Input No. 2025-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 406.5(H)] Public Input No. 2038-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 410.135] Public Input No. 2042-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Article 411] Public Input No. 2039-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 410.138] Public Input No. 2041-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 410.82(B)] Public Input No. 2040-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 410.151(C)] Public Input No. 2044-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 426.32] Public Input No. 2043-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 422.14]

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Public Input No. 2045-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 426.34] Public Input No. 2046-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 426.50(B)] Public Input No. 2047-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 427.27] Public Input No. 2048-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 427.29] Public Input No. 2049-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 427.36] Public Input No. 2050-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 427.55(B)] Public Input No. 2051-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 430.109(C)] Public Input No. 2052-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 430.113] Public Input No. 2053-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 430.232] Public Input No. 2054-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 430.233] Public Input No. 2055-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 430.242] This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" Public Input No. 2056-NFPA 70-2014 hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 [Section No. 430.243] for more information. Public Input No. 2057-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 430.8] Public Input No. 2058-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 430.83(C)] Public Input No. 2060-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 445.12(C)] Public Input No. 2061-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 445.14] Public Input No. 2062-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 450.6(A)(5)] Public Input No. 2063-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 460.28(A)] Public Input No. 2065-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 490.71] Public Input No. 2064-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 480.7] Public Input No. 2066-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 501.25] Public Input No. 2067-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 502.25] Public Input No. 1930-NFPA 70-2014 [Definition: Example D13 Cable Tray This submission depends on 1902 Calculations] Public Input No. 2069-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Definition: Simple Apparatus.] Public Input No. 2070-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 505.19]

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Public Input No. 2071-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 517.13(B)(1)] Public Input No. 2072-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 517.61(A)] Public Input No. 2073-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 517.62] Public Input No. 2074-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 517.63(D)] Public Input No. 2075-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 517.64] Public Input No. 2076-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 520.25] Public Input No. 2077-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Sections 522.10(A), 522.10(B)] Public Input No. 2078-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 522.25] Public Input No. 2079-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 522.28] Public Input No. 2080-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 522.5] Public Input No. 2081-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 530.20] Public Input No. 2082-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 550.17(A)] Public Input No. 2083-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 551.60] Public Input No. 2085-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 552.60] Public Input No. 2086-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 590.4(C)] Public Input No. 2087-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 600.23] Public Input No. 2088-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 610.21(F)] Public Input No. 2089-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 620.21(A)] Public Input No. 2090-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 620.5(D)] Public Input No. 2092-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 620.21(C)(3)] Public Input No. 2094-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 625.18] Public Input No. 2095-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 625.19] Public Input No. 2096-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 625.42] Public Input No. 2097-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 625.44(A)] Public Input No. 2098-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 625.52(B)(4)]

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Public Input No. 2099-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 646.20] Public Input No. 2100-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 650.4] Public Input No. 2101-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 665.22] Public Input No. 2102-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 665.23] Public Input No. 2103-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 665.5] Public Input No. 2104-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 668.11(B)] Public Input No. 2105-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 668.21(A)] Public Input No. 2106-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 668.20(A)] Public Input No. 2107-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 669.6] Public Input No. 2108-NFPA 70-2014 Unneed if the 1902 group is accepted [Definition: Branch Circuit, Multiwire.] Public Input No. 2188-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 675.12] Public Input No. 2189-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 675.16] Public Input No. 2407-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 210.2] Public Input No. 2421-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Sections 310.104, 310.104] Public Input No. 2263-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Definition: Low Voltage Contact Limit.] Public Input No. 2264-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 680.23(A)(4)] Public Input No. 2265-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 680.33(A)] Public Input No. 2266-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 680.33(B)] Public Input No. 2267-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 680.51(B)] Public Input No. 2268-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 680.8(C)] Public Input No. 2408-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 300.5(A)] Public Input No. 2270-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 685.14] Public Input No. 2271-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 690.11] Public Input No. 2272-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 690.12] Public Input No. 2273-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 690.31(A)]

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Public Input No. 2274-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 690.33(C)] Public Input No. 2276-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 690.7(D)] Public Input No. 2277-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 690.81] Public Input No. 2278-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 690.91] Public Input No. 2279-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 694.10] Public Input No. 2280-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 694.30(A)] Public Input No. 2281-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 701.6(D)] Public Input No. 2282-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 708.14] Public Input No. 2283-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 708.52(B)] Public Input No. 2426-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 310.106(A)] Public Input No. 2284-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 720.1] Public Input No. 2285-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Article 720] Public Input No. 2286-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 720.2] Public Input No. 2287-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 720.11] Public Input No. 2288-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Definition: 725.2.0] Public Input No. 2290-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 725.41(A) [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 2291-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 725.121(A)] Public Input No. 2292-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 725.136(D)] Public Input No. 2293-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 725.141] Public Input No. 2294-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 725.179(E)] Public Input No. 2295-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 725.179(G)] Public Input No. 2427-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 310.60] Public Input No. 2296-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 727.1] Public Input No. 2297-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 727.5] Public Input No. 2298-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 727.6]

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Public Input No. 2299-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 760.53 [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 2334-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 800.179 [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 2327-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 760.176(G)] Public Input No. 2328-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 760.179(C)] Public Input No. 2329-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 800.44(A)(4)] Public Input No. 2330-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 800.47(B)] Public Input No. 2331-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 800.50(B)] Public Input No. 2332-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 800.90(A) [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 2333-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 800.90(A)(1)] Public Input No. 2335-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 810.16(B)] Public Input No. 2336-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 810.18(A)] Public Input No. 2337-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 810.71(C)] Public Input No. 2338-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 820.15] Public Input No. 2339-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 830.15] Public Input No. 2340-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 830.90(A) [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 2341-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 830.179(A) [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 2342-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 830.179(B) [Excluding any This submission depends on 1902 Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 2343-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. 840.44(A)(4)] Public Input No. 2344-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2345-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2346-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. B.310.15(B)(2)] Public Input No. 2347-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. B.310.15(B)(7)] Public Input No. 2348-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table]

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Public Input No. 2349-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2351-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2352-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2358-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2354-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2355-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2356-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2357-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2359-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2361-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table] Public Input No. 2363-NFPA 70-2014 This submission depends on 1902 [Section No. Table]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 11:34:29 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 35 http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/Content/70-2014.... 11/20/2014 Voltages found in NEC Actual (Exact) Nominal (Utilization) 8 1080 90 1000 10 1280 110 2300 12.4 1530 115 2400 15 2000(4) 120 4160 21.2 2001 120/240 7200 24(1) 5000 180 7500 24.8 15000(5) 200 13800 30 35000 208 14400 42 208Y/120 15000(5) 42.4 220 23000 50 230 34500 60(2) 240 46000 65 277 69000 80 440 115000 100 460 138000 132 480 230000 150 480Y/277 200 500 300 550 301 600 350 600Y/347 600(3) 750 900 (1)Nominal for battery circuits (2)Nominal for 120/60 center grounded AC circuits (3)Nearly always nominal (4)Occasionally nominal (5)Nominal in 600

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Public Input No. 1983-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Definition after Definition: Bonding Conductor

or Jumpe... ]

Bonding Conductor, Eqipment (EBC) For grounded systems, the conductive path(s) that provides a ground-fault current path and connects normally non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment together and to the system grounded conductor or to the grounding electrode conductor, or both. Informational Note No.1: It is recognized that the equipment bonding conductor also performs grounding. Informational Note No. 2: See 250.118 for a list of acceptable equipment bonding conductors.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 16 12:40:11 EDT 2014 Panel 5 Agenda Page 38 1 of 2 11/21/2014 12:34 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 1394-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Bonding Jumper, Equipment. ]

Bonding Jumper, Equipment. The connection between two or more portions of the equipment grounding bonding conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 15:11:26 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1395-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Bonding Jumper, Main. ]

Bonding Jumper, Main. The connection between the grounded circuit conductor and the equipment grounding conductor bonding conductor at the service.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 15:16:55 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 40 1 of 2 11/21/2014 12:36 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 1396-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Bonding Jumper, System. ]

Bonding Jumper, System. The connection between the grounded circuit conductor and the supply-side bonding jumper, or the equipment grounding bonding conductor, or both, at a separately derived system.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 15:21:13 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 41 1 of 2 11/21/2014 12:37 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 1397-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Ground-Fault Current Path. ]

Ground-Fault Current Path. An electrically conductive path from the point of a ground fault on a wiring system through normally non–current-carrying conductors, equipment, or the earth to the electrical supply source. Informational Note: Examples of ground-fault current paths are any combination of equipment grounding bonding conductors, metallic raceways, metallic cable sheaths, electrical equipment, and any other electrically conductive material such as metal, water, and gas piping; steel framing members; stucco mesh; metal ducting; reinforcing steel; shields of communications cables; and the earth itself.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 15:24:18 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 42 1 of 2 11/21/2014 12:37 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 1398-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Grounding Conductor, Equipment (EGC).

]

Grounding Conductor, Equipment (EGC). The For a grounded system, see Bonding Conductor, Equipment (EBC). For an ungrounded system, the conductive path(s) that provides a ground-fault current path and connects normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment together and to the system grounded conductor or to the grounding electrode conductor, or both. Informational Note No. 1: It is recognized that the equipment grounding conductor also performs bonding. Informational Note No. 2: See 250.118 for a list of acceptable equipment grounding conductors. earth.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The proposed global change from "equipment grounding conductor" to "equipment bonding conductor" requires that, for ungrounded systems, a connection to earth is required as in 250.130(B). The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY

Panel 5 Agenda Page 43 1 of 2 11/21/2014 12:38 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 3362-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Intersystem Bonding

Termination. ]

Intersystem Bonding Termination. A device that provides a means for connecting intersystem bonding conductors required for communications other systems to the grounding electrode system.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There is no technical reason to restrict the application of this equipment to communications systems, but the language in this definition is being read that way even though 250.94 makes no such limitation. The language in this input tracks the more inclusive language in 250.94.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Frederic Hartwell Organization: Hartwell Electrical Services, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 22:31:21 EST 2014

By checking this box I affirm that I am Frederic Hartwell, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 3838-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Intersystem Bonding

Termination. ]

Intersystem Bonding Termination. A device that provides a means for connecting intersystem bonding conductors for communications systems and gas piping to the grounding electrode system.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

New requirements in the 2015 National Fuel Gas Code (NFPA 54) (as well as the IRC, IFGC and UPC) require that Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) be bonded to the grounding electrode system. The NFPA Standards Council has ruled that the bonding requirements for gas piping systems is the responsibility of the NFPA 54 Technical Committee, and should be stipulated in the NFPA 54 Code. While the additional bonding requirements for CSST systems are not included in the NEC, additional bonding requirements for gas piping systems are duly noted through an Informational Note found in 250.104(B). Any additional bonding of gas piping per the NFPA 54 code must and should be enforced on NFPA 70 in a consistent fashion across the entire NFPA family of codes. Adding gas piping to the definition will allow for this bonding conductor to be terminated at an easily accessible point of connection. Thousands of existing homes, built before the bonding requirement went into effect (2009), are currently being updated to the latest bonding requirements. The National Association of State Fire Marshals has been actively promoting a public awareness campaign within the NFPA community to encourage retroactive installation of the CSST bonding conductor. In some states, the bonding of CSST systems can be performed by someone other than a licensed electrician. The allowance for this bonding conductor to be installed at the IBT will aid in keeping unqualified persons out of potentially hazardous situations inside an energized panel board while attempting to terminate the CSST gas piping bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROBERT TORBIN Organization: CUTTING EDGE SOLUTIONS LLC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 12:10:40 EST 2014

By checking this box I affirm that I am ROBERT TORBIN, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 2116-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Neutral Conductor. ]

Neutral Conductor. The conductor connected to the neutral point of a system that is intended to carry current under normal conditions .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

"normal" is an unenforceable term according to NEC_StyleManual_2011.pdf 3.2.1. "under normal conditions" is essentially redundant and unnecessary.

VERSION 1 definition

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 17 21:12:14 EDT 2014

I, JAMES WILLIAMS, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am JAMES WILLIAMS, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 2117-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Neutral Conductor. ]

Neutral Conductor. The A circuit conductor connected to the system neutral point of a system that is intended to carry current under normal conditions .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

An even simpler definition.

"circuit conductor" differentiates it from the grounding conductor.

VERSION 2

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2119-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 647.3] related

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 17 21:14:30 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 47 1 of 1 11/21/2014 12:40 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 2118-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Neutral Point. ]

Neutral Point. The common point on a wye-connection in a polyphase system or midpoint on a single-phase, 3-wire system, or midpoint of a single-phase portion of a 3-phase delta system, or a midpoint of a 3-wire, direct-current system.The grounded midpoint as described in Article 647 Sensitive Electronic Equipment is not a neutral point . Informational Note: At the neutral point of the system, the vectorial sum of the nominal voltages from all other phases within the system that utilize the neutral, with respect to the neutral point, is zero potential .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Reduce possible confusion.

I believe 647.3 is in error when it states that the grounded midpoint is a neutral because it is not designed to carry current. The current carrying conductors are the two 60V from ground conductors connected each end of the isolation transformer's secondary winding.

Informational Note: "potential" is deprecated in NEC_StyleManual_2001.pdf 3.2.5.6 and is unnecessary in this sentence.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2119-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 647.3] related

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 17 21:18:34 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 48 1 of 1 11/21/2014 12:42 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 3689-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Definition after Definition: Nonlinear Load. ]

Objectionable Current Objectionable current is the presence of return load current on the grounding conductor or any metal non-current carrying parts of the electrical system due to the creation of parallel return paths between the grounding and grounded conductors.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved Defining and eliminiating objectional Grounding_for_Safety_and_Equipment_Compatibility_- current in the grounding of the electric _07012014.docx system

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

I have 24 yrs experience as an Industrial electrician and 22 years experience as a degreed Power Quality engineer. I encounter grounding issues every week that impact microprocessors based equipment. The negative impact is due to parallel paths between the grounded system and the grounding system of a facility. Most always the problems lie within the service portion of the facility. The flow of normal return, grounded neutral, current on a grounding system results in microprocessor based equipment damage. This damage is due to the rise in voltage because of the current flow. When there is current flow there is also a voltage that drives the current. Microprocessors use the equipment grounding to aquire the "Zero Reference" as in the binary instructions of 1s and 0s. This Zero reference is connected to the chassis of the microprocessor and exposes the sensitive components to a voltage greater zero volts.

The wording of " Objectional Current" is not appropriately defined therefore means nothing to the installer. Consideration is not given as to how to install a system that does not allow normal load current to flow on the non current carry metal parts and eliminating a possible Unequal potential issue.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 4683-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(B)] Public Input No. 4198-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(1)] Public Input No. 4693-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 4704-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.28(D)(2)] Public Input No. 4226-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(5)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 22:03:58 EST 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 49 1 of 2 11/21/2014 12:43 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 1989-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.1 ]

200.1 Scope. This article provides requirements for the following:

(1) Identification of terminals (2) Grounded conductors in premises wiring systems (3) Identification of grounded conductors Informational Note: See Article 100 for definitions of Grounded Conductor, Equipment Bonding Conductor, Equipment Grounding Conductor, and Grounding Electrode Conductor .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

With the proposed series of changes to replace "equipment grounding conductor" with "equipment bonding conductor", it is necessary to retain "equipment grounding conductor" when it relates to ungrounded systems. The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: Panel 5 Agenda Page 50 1 of 2 11/21/2014 12:44 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 2172-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.10 ]

200.10 Identification of Terminals. (A) Device Terminals. All devices, excluding panelboards, provided with terminals for the attachment of conductors and intended for connection to more than one side of the circuit shall have terminals properly marked for identification, unless the electrical connection of the terminal intended to be connected to the grounded conductor is clearly evident. Exception: Terminal identification shall not be required for devices that have a normal current rating of over 30 amperes, other than polarized attachment plugs and polarized receptacles for attachment plugs as required in 200.10(B). (B) Receptacles, Plugs, and Connectors. Receptacles, polarized attachment plugs, and cord connectors for plugs and polarized plugs shall have the terminal intended for connection to the grounded conductor identified as follows:

(1) Identification shall be by a metal or metal coating that is substantially white in color or by the word white or the letter W located adjacent to the identified terminal. (2) If the terminal is not visible, the conductor entrance hole for the connection shall be colored white or marked with the word white or the letter W.

Informational Note: See 250.126 for identification of wiring device equipment grounding bonding conductor terminals. (C) Screw Shells. For devices with screw shells, the terminal for the grounded conductor shall be the one connected to the screw shell. (D) Screw Shell Devices with Leads. For screw shell devices with attached leads, the conductor attached to the screw shell shall have a white or gray finish. The outer finish of the other conductor shall be of a solid color that will not be confused with the white or gray finish used to identify the grounded conductor. Informational Note: The color gray may have been used in the past as an ungrounded conductor. Care should be taken when working on existing systems. (E) Appliances. Appliances that have a single-pole switch or a single-pole overcurrent device in the line or any line-connected screw shell lampholders, and that are to be connected by (1) a permanent wiring method or (2) field-installed attachment plugs and cords with three or more wires (including the equipment grounding bonding conductor), shall have means to identify the terminal for the grounded circuit conductor (if any).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:45:04 EDT 2014

I, ELLIOT RAPPAPORT, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am ELLIOT RAPPAPORT, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

Panel 5 Agenda Page 52 2 of 2 11/21/2014 12:44 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 3082-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.2(A) ]

(A) Insulation. The grounded conductor, if insulated, shall have insulation that is (1) suitable, other than color, for any ungrounded conductor of the same circuit for systems of 1000 volts or less, or impedance grounded neutral systems of over 1000 volts, or (2) rated not less than 1000V 600 volts for solidly grounded neutral systems of over 1000 volts as described in 250.184(A). Add or edit as follows. The grounded conductor where insulated shall have a system voltage matching the operating voltage and marked so at the terminals for 1000V or less.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

You can have a 1000v system and a 600v system next to each other or within a common MC cable. The insulation needs to match the highest system operating voltage

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 09:58:23 EST 2014

I, JAMES CAIN, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am JAMES CAIN, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

Panel 5 Agenda Page 53 1 of 1 11/21/2014 12:45 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

Public Input No. 1075-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.3 ]

200.3 Connection to Grounded System. Premises wiring shall not be electrically connected to a supply system unless the latter contains, for any grounded conductor of the interior system, a corresponding conductor that is grounded. For the purpose of this section, electrically connected shall mean connected so as to be capable of carrying current, as distinguished from connection through electromagnetic induction. Exception: Listed utility- interactive inverters identified for use in distributed resource generation systems such as photovoltaic and fuel cell power systems shall be permitted to be connected to premises wiring without a grounded conductor where the connected premises wiring or utility system includes a grounded conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

"Utility-Interactive" incorrectly describes the operation of the inverter it is being used to describe. An inverter that requires an outside AC voltage reference to operate does not know or care if it is connected to a utility, a stand alone inverter in an AC coupled system, a backup generator, or any other voltage reference that meets the UL standard requirements to allow the inverter to produce power. The correct description would be "Interactive Inverter" to indicate that the inverter requires an outside voltage reference to operate.

In the future the term "utility-interactive" may be more aptly applied to an inverter that communicates bi-directionally with a utility, and therefore interacts with the utility.

This proposal will be repeated wherever the term "utility-interactive inverter" is given in the NEC.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1074-NFPA 70-2014 [Definition: Utility-Interactive Inverter Output Circuit.]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MARVIN HAMON Organization: HAMON ENGINEERING, INC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Aug 18 20:43:14 EDT 2014

I, MARVIN HAMON, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am MARVIN HAMON, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 2942-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.4(B) ]

(B) Multiple Circuits. Where more than one neutral conductor associated with different circuits is installed in an enclosure, a box, switchboard, panelboard, motor control center, or utilization equipment control panel, grounded circuit conductors of each circuit shall be identified or grouped to correspond with the ungrounded circuit conductor(s) by wire markers, cable ties, or similar means in at least one location within the enclosure. Exception No. 1: The requirement for grouping or identifying shall not apply if the branch-circuit or feeder conductors enter from a cable or a raceway unique to the circuit that makes the grouping obvious. Exception No. 2: The requirement for grouping or identifying shall not apply where branch-circuit conductors pass though a box or conduit body without a loop as described in 314.16 (B)(1) or without a splice or termination.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Grouping neutrals is important, especially in panelboards and lighting control panels. It helps the electrical worker to avoid disconnecting or opening a neutral under load, which would be a safety issue or possibly an equipment damage issue.

However, in wireways or pull boxes, identifying and grouping each neural for each set of circuit or feeder wires can add a lot of work to the installation without any benefit.

I believe that the original proposal was for grouping of neutrals in panelboards, and that the term 'enclosures' is too broad of a term to use.

Wireways and pullboxes should be exempted from the requirement to group the neutrals with their associated ungrounded circuit conductors.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: Bechtel Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 31 10:52:40 EDT 2014

By checking this box I affirm that I am MICHAEL WEITZEL, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

Panel 5 Agenda Page 55 1 of 1 11/21/2014 1:09 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

Public Input No. 1224-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.4(B) ]

(B) Multiple Circuits. Where more than one neutral conductor associated with different circuits is in an enclosure, grounded circuit conductors of each circuit shall be identified or grouped to correspond with the ungrounded circuit conductor(s) by numbered wire markers, cable ties, or similar means in at least one location within the enclosure. Exception No. 1: The requirement for grouping or identifying shall not apply if the branch-circuit or feeder conductors enter from a cable or a raceway unique to the circuit that makes the grouping obvious. Exception No. 2: The requirement for grouping or identifying shall not apply where branch-circuit conductors pass though a box or conduit body without a loop as described in 314.16 (B)(1) or without a splice or termination.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There is no direction how to mark the wire. The statement wire markers can mean many things. This will make it clear that they must be numbered.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Joel Rencsok Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 09 13:31:45 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4631-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.4(B) ]

(B) Multiple Circuits. Where more than one neutral conductor associated with different circuits is in an enclosure, grounded circuit conductors of each circuit shall be identified or grouped to correspond with the ungrounded circuit conductor(s) by numbered wire markers corresponding to the appropriate circuit number , cable ties, or similar means in at least one location within the enclosure. Exception No. 1: The requirement for grouping or identifying shall not apply if the branch-circuit or feeder conductors enter from a cable or a raceway unique to the circuit that makes the grouping obvious. Exception No. 2: The requirement for grouping or identifying shall not apply where branch-circuit conductors pass though a box or conduit body without a loop as described in 314.16 (B)(1) or without a splice or termination.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This suggested change will bring consistency between 200.4 and 210.4(D) for grouping of multiwire branch circuits based on the change that occurred in the exception in 210.4(D) for the 2014 NEC that specifically states “Exception: The requirement for grouping shall not apply if the circuit enters from a cable or raceway unique to the circuit that makes the grouping obvious or if the conductors are identified at their terminations with numbered wire markers corresponding to the appropriate circuit number.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: David Hittinger Organization: Independent Electrical Contractors of Greater Cincinnati Affilliation: Independent Electrical Contractors Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 12:24:30 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2303-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.6(A) ]

(A) Sizes 6 AWG or Smaller. An insulated grounded conductor of 6 AWG or smaller shall be identified by one of the following means:

(1) A continuous white outer finish. (2) A continuous gray outer finish. (3) Three continuous white or gray stripes along the conductor's entire length on other than green insulation. (4) Wires that have their outer covering finished to show a white or gray color but have colored tracer threads in the braid identifying the source of manufacture shall be considered as meeting the provisions of this section. (5) The grounded conductor of a mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed cable (Type MI) shall be identified at the time of installation by distinctive marking at its terminations. (6) A single-conductor, sunlight-resistant, outdoor-rated cable used as a grounded conductor in photovoltaic power systems, as permitted by 690.31, shall be identified at the time of installation by distinctive white marking at all terminations. (7) Fixture wire shall comply with the requirements for grounded conductor identification as specified in 402.8. (8) For aerial cable, the identification shall be as above, or by means of a ridge located on the exterior of the cable so as to identify it. (9) Multiconductor power or control cables sizes 6 AWG and smaller shall be permitted to utilize a conductor with other than white or gray insulation as a grounded conductor if identified by white or gray tape or other approved means at the point of terminations.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This practice is commonly done in industry, and is a safe practice that should be permitted in the NEC.

3 and 4 way switch leg circuits utilizing Type NM cable are permitted to re-identify conductors for neutrals.

In industry, where qqualified electrical workers are installing or servicing the electrical installation, the re-identification of a size 6 AWG or smaller conductor as a neutral conductor is reasonable and appropriate, and is a safe practice that should be permitted in the NEC.

For example, if the conductor is well marked with 2 to 3 inches of tape, for instance, at all terminations installed in a neat and workmanlike manner, the purpose of the conductor is clear. Thank you.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: Bechtel Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 14:18:24 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3429-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.6(D) ]

(D) Grounded Conductors of Different Systems. Where grounded conductors of different systems are installed in the same raceway, cable, box, auxiliary gutter, or other type of enclosure, each grounded conductor shall be identified by system. Identification that distinguishes each system grounded conductor shall be permitted by one of the following means: (1) One system grounded conductor shall have an outer covering conforming to 200.6(A) or (B). (2) The grounded conductor(s) of other systems shall have a different outer covering conforming to 200.6(A) or 200.6(B) or by an outer covering of white or gray with a readily distinguishable colored stripe other than green running along the insulation. (3) Other and different means of identification as allowed by 200.6(A) or (B) that will distinguish each system grounded conductor. The means of identification shall be documented in a manner that is readily available or shall be permanently posted where the conductors of different systems originate.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 08:09:19 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3049-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 200.6(D) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

'as' is an archaic word which is deprecated by NEC_StyleManual_2011.pdf 3.3.4. It add no meaning to the section.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Nov 02 10:00:30 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1283-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 200.7(B), 200.7(C) ]

Sections 200.7(B), 200.7(C) (B) Circuits of Less Than 50 Volts. A conductor with white or gray color insulation or three continuous white stripes or having a marking of white or gray at the termination for circuits of less than 50 volts shall be required to be grounded only as required by 250.20(A). (C) Circuits of 50 Volts or More. The use of insulation that is white or gray or that has three continuous white or gray stripes for other than a grounded conductor for circuits of 50 volts or more shall be permitted only as in (1) and (2).

(1) If part of a cable assembly that has the insulation permanently reidentified to indicate its use as an ungrounded conductor by marking tape, painting, or other effective means at its termination and at each location where the conductor is visible and accessible. Identification shall encircle the insulation and shall be a color other than white, gray, or green. If used for single-pole, 3-way or 4-way switch loops, the reidentified conductor with white or gray insulation or three continuous white or gray stripes shall be used only for the supply to the switch, but not as a return conductor from the switch to the outlet. (2) A flexible cord having one conductor identified by a white or gray outer finish or three continuous white or gray stripes, or by any other means permitted by 400.22, that is used for connecting an appliance or equipment permitted by 400.7. This shall apply to flexible cords connected to outlets whether or not the outlet is supplied by a circuit that has a grounded conductor. Informational Note: The color gray may have been used in the past as an ungrounded conductor. Care should be taken when working on existing systems.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

I propose this section be relocated to a more appropriate location in the book. My apprentices always have a difficult time finding this section. I believe the reason for this is the fact that it is located under an article titled "Use and identification of grounded conductors," and the section pertains to ungrounded conductors. I think the section should be relocated to the general vicinity of Article 310.110 or 210.5(C) or should be referenced by an article in those vicinities.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Steven Gibson Organization: Western Oklahoma JATC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 16 12:14:30 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1934-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 200.7(B), 200.7(C) ]

Sections 200.7(B), 200.7(C) (B) Circuits of Less Than 50 Actual Volts. A conductor with white or gray color insulation or three continuous white stripes or having a marking of white or gray at the termination for circuits of less than 50 actual volts shall be required to be grounded only as required by 250.20(A). (C) Circuits of 50 Actual Volts or More. The use of insulation that is white or gray or that has three continuous white or gray stripes for other than a grounded conductor for circuits of 50 actual volts or more shall be permitted only as in (1) and (2).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submittal depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 16:45:43 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4181-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.10 ]

250.10 Protection of Ground Clamps and Fittings. Ground clamps or other fittings exposed to physical damage shall be enclosed in metal, wood, or equivalent protective covering. incased in a non-corrosive, non-conductive protective covering. 250.53 (G) The upper end of the electrode shall be flush with or below grade level and the electrode conductor attachment shall be protected against physical damage as specified in 250.10 250.62 The grounding electrode conductor shall be copper, aluminum, copper-clad aluminum, or items permitted in 250.68(C). The material selected shall be resistant to any corrosive condition existing at the installation and shall be protected against corrosion.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved code change proposal articles 250.10, 250.53 (G), 250.62, NEC_Code_Change_Proposal.pdf 110.14 new UL listed and patented product, made in the USA to assure ground rod and grounding electrode connections do not Strong_Cap.pdf disconnect or corrode

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

BY incasing the grounding clamp in a protective non-conductive and non-corrosive device the user would be certain that the grounding electrode would be secure through out the life of the installation

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 4187-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.53(G)] Public Input No. 4189-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.62]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: dan tharp Organization: big d electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 12:14:56 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4310-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.10 ]

250.10 Protection of Ground Clamps and Fittings. Ground clamps or other fittings exposed to physical damage shall be enclosed in metal, wood, or equivalent protective covering. Listed for direct burial ground clamps or exothermic connections for grounding electrodes located outdoors and underground shall be located below earth grade to provide protection from physical damage.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

How many times have you seen ground tod clamps sticking up above grade 2 or 3 or 4 or 6 inches, and unprotected? In some geographical locations, these rod type grounding electrodes are the only reference to earth ground for an electrical service, yet are exposed to physical damage.

This proposal provides clearer direction in Section 250.10 as a tool for enforcement personnel to require that these essential grounding connections are protected.

Thank you.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: Bechtel Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 18:55:44 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2167-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.100 ]

250.100 Bonding in Hazardous (Classified) Locations. Regardless of the voltage of the electrical system, the electrical continuity of non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other enclosures in any hazardous (classified) location, as defined in 500.5, 505.5, and 506.5, shall be ensured by any of the bonding methods specified in 250.92(B) (2) through (B)(4). One or more of these bonding methods shall be used whether or not equipment grounding bonding conductors of the wire type are installed. Informational Note: See 501.30, 502.30, 503.30, 505.25, or 506.25 for specific bonding requirements.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:20:52 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1595-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.3 ]

250.3 Application of Other Articles. For other articles applying to particular cases of installation of conductors and equipment, grounding and bonding requirements are identified in Table 250.3 that are in addition to, or modifications of, those of this article. Table 250.3 Additional Grounding and Bonding Requirements

Conductor/Equipment Article Section Agricultural buildings 547.9 and 547.10 Audio signal processing, amplification, and reproduction equipment 640.7 Branch circuits 210.5, 210.6, 406.3 Cablebus 370.9 Cable trays 392 392.60 Capacitors 460.10, 460.27 Circuits and equipment operating at less than 50 volts 720 Communications circuits 800 820.93, 820.100, 820.103, Community antenna television and radio distribution systems 820.106 Conductors for general wiring 310 Cranes and hoists 610 675.11(C), 675.12, 675.13, Electrically driven or controlled irrigation machines 675.14, 675.15 Electric signs and outline lighting 600 Electrolytic cells 668 Elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators, moving walks, wheelchair 620 lifts, and stairway chairlifts Fixed electric heating equipment for pipelines and vessels 427.29, 427.48 Fixed outdoor electric deicing and snow-melting equipment 426.27 Flexible cords and cables 400.22, 400.23 Floating buildings 553.8, 553.10, 553.11 Grounding-type receptacles, adapters, cord connectors, and 406.9 attachment plugs Hazardous (classified) locations 500–517 Health care facilities 517 Induction and dielectric heating equipment 665 Industrial machinery 670 Information technology equipment 645.15 Intrinsically safe systems 504.50 410.40, 410.42, 410.46, Luminaires and lighting equipment 410.155(B) Luminaires, lampholders, and lamps 410 Marinas and boatyards 555.15 Mobile homes and mobile home park 550 Motion picture and television studios and similar locations 530.20, 530.64(B) Motors, motor circuits, and controllers 430 Natural and artificially made bodies of water 682 682.30, 682.31, 682.32, 682.33 Network Powered Broadband Communications Circuits 830.93, 830.100, 830.106 Optical Fiber Cables 770.100 Outlet, device, pull, and junction boxes; conduit bodies; and 314.4, 314.25 fittings Panel 5 Agenda Page 66 1010 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

Conductor/Equipment Article Section Over 600 volts, nominal, underground wiring methods 300.50(C) Panelboards 408.40 Pipe organs 650 Radio and television equipment 810 Receptacles and cord connectors 406.3 Recreational vehicles and recreational vehicle parks 551 Services 230 690.41, 690.42, 690.43, Solar photovoltaic systems 690.45, 690.47 Swimming pools, fountains, and similar installations 680 Switchboards and panelboards 408.3(D) Switches 404.12 Theaters, audience areas of motion picture and television studios, 520.81 and similar locations Transformers and transformer vaults 450.10 Use and identification of grounded conductors 200 X-ray equipment 660 517.78

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This PI corrects the omissions of section 820.106 and Articles 770 and 830.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Robert Jensen Organization: dbi-Telecommunication Infrastr Affilliation: BICSI Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 06 11:56:26 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4659-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.4(A)(1) ]

(1) Electrical System Grounding. Electrical systems that are grounded shall be connected to earth in a manner that will limit the voltage imposed by lightning, line surges, or unintentional contact with higher-voltage lines and that will stabilize the voltage to earth during normal operation. Informational Note No. 1 : An important consideration for limiting the imposed voltage is the routing of bonding and grounding electrode conductors so that they are not any longer than necessary to complete the connection without disturbing the permanent parts of the installation and so that unnecessary bends and loops are avoided. Informational Note No. 2: See NFPA 780-2017 for information on lightning protection system grounding.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

It is agreed that grounded electrical systems shall be connected to earth in a manner that will limit the voltage imposed by lightning but limited guidance is given as to how to determine how this may be accomplished. Proposed Informational Note 2 supplements the existing IN recommendations to limit the length of the grounding electrode conductors and avoiding unnecessary bends and loops by providing reference to additional information such as a minimum bend radius, minimum nominal discharge current levels for surge protective devices and preferred grounding electrodes.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Mark Morgan Organization: East Coast Lightning Equipment Affilliation: On behalf of NFPA 780 References Task Group Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 13:22:25 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4661-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.4(B)(1) ]

(1) Grounding Electrical Equipment. Non–current-carrying conductive materials enclosing electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected to earth in a manner that will limit the voltage imposed by lightning or unintentional contact with higher-voltage lines and limit the voltage to ground on these materials. Informational Note: See NFPA 780-2017 for information on lightning protection system grounding.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The proposed Informational Note provides a reference to information providing details on manners that can limit the voltages imposed on a grounding system resulting from a lightning event.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Mark Morgan Organization: East Coast Lightning Equipment Affilliation: On behalf of NFPA780 References Task Group Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 13:24:48 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 706-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.50 ]

250.50 Grounding Electrode System. All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A) (1) through (A)(7) that are present at each building or structure served shall be bonded together to form the grounding electrode system. Where none of these grounding electrodes exist, one or more of the grounding electrodes specified in 250.52(A) (4) through (A)(8) shall be installed and used. Exception: Concrete-encased electrodes of existing buildings or structures shall not be required to be part of the grounding electrode system where the steel reinforcing bars or rods are not accessible for use without disturbing the concrete. Exception: In large industrial facilities with multiple grounding electrodes and multiple steel reinforced concrete foundations, it shall be permitted to not bond steel reinforced concrete foundations less than 500 square feet.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Industrial facilities may have many electrodes and many foundations - more than necessary to be bonded together to achieve adequate grounding. Bonding all of the small foundations is unnecessary.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Billy Breitkreutz Organization: Fluor Corporation Affilliation: Self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Jun 18 09:23:21 EDT 2014

I, Billy Breitkreutz, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Billy Breitkreutz, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 2916-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.50 ]

250.50 Grounding Electrode System. All new structures, both residential and commercial, require a concrete encased electrode to be used as the principle grounding element. The concrete encased electrode shall be installed in accordance with 250.52(A)(3) and the reinforcing rods and or copper conductors utilized in the installation require a minimum of 0.61 mm (2 feet) of accessible length after installation. All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A) (1) through (A)(7) that are present at each building or structure served shall be bonded together to form the grounding electrode system. Where none of these grounding electrodes exist, one or more of the grounding electrodes specified in 250.52(A) (4) through (A)(8) shall be installed and used. Exception: Concrete-encased electrodes of existing buildings or structures shall not be required to be part of the grounding electrode system where the steel reinforcing bars or rods are not accessible for use without disturbing the concrete.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

To clarify the need for concrete encased grounding electrode.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Jim Muir Organization: Clark County, Washington, Building Safety Division Affilliation: NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 30 20:17:22 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2173-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.6 ]

250.6 Objectionable Current. (A) Arrangement to Prevent Objectionable Current. The bonding and grounding of electrical systems, circuit conductors, surge arresters, surge-protective devices, and conductive normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment shall be installed and arranged in a manner that will prevent objectionable current. (B) Alterations to Stop Objectionable Current. If the use of multiple grounding bonding connections results in objectionable current, one or more of the following alterations shall be permitted to be made, provided that the requirements of 250.4(A) (5) or (B)(4) are met:

(1) Discontinue one or more but not all of such grounding bonding connections. (2) Change the locations of the grounding bonding connections. (3) Interrupt the continuity of the conductor or conductive path causing the objectionable current. (4) Take other suitable remedial and approved action.

(C) Temporary Currents Not Classified as Objectionable Currents. Temporary currents resulting from abnormal conditions, such as ground faults, shall not be classified as objectionable current for the purposes specified in 250.6(A) and (B). (D) Limitations to Permissible Alterations. The provisions of this section shall not be considered as permitting electronic equipment from being operated on ac systems or branch circuits that are not connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor as required by this article. Currents that introduce noise or data errors in electronic equipment shall not be considered the objectionable currents addressed in this section. (E) Isolation of Objectionable Direct-Current Ground Currents. Where isolation of objectionable dc ground currents from cathodic protection systems is required, a listed ac coupling/dc isolating device shall be permitted in the equipment grounding bonding conductor path to provide an effective return path for ac ground-fault current while blocking dc current.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 Panel 5 Agenda Page 72 1014 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:52:47 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3276-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.60 ]

250.60 Use of Strike Termination Devices. Conductors and driven pipes, rods, or plate electrodes used for grounding strike termination devices shall not be used in lieu of the grounding electrodes required by 250.50 for grounding wiring systems and equipment. This provision shall not prohibit the required bonding together of grounding electrodes of different systems. Informational Note No. 1: See 250.106 for spacing from strike termination devices. See 800.100(D), 810.21(J), and 820.100(D) for bonding of electrodes. Informational Note No. 2: Bonding together of all separate grounding electrodes will limit potential voltage differences between them and between their associated wiring systems.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

NEC_StyleManual_2011.pdf: 3.2.5.6 Voltage. The term voltage is well understood and shall be used in preference to other terms such as potential. Because voltage is expressed in volts, a requirement should be written to avoid repetition of this term if it is possible to do so without losing clarity.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 19:23:27 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4569-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.60 ]

250.60 Use of Strike Termination Devices. Conductors and driven pipes, rods, or plate electrodes used for grounding strike termination devices shall not be used in lieu of the grounding electrodes required by 250.50 for grounding wiring systems and equipment. This provision shall not prohibit the required bonding together of grounding electrodes of different systems. Informational Note No. 1: See 250.106 for spacing from strike termination devices lightning protection system components . See 800.100(D) , 810.21(J) , and 820.100(D) for bonding of electrodes. . Informational Note No. 2: Bonding together of all separate grounding electrodes will limit potential differences between them and between their associated wiring systems.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The spacing is not limited to only air terminals, but to other elements of the lightning protection system

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 678-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.6(A) ]

(A) Arrangement to Prevent Objectionable Current. The grounding of electrical systems, circuit conductors, surge arresters, surge-protective devices, and conductive normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment shall be installed and arranged in a manner that will prevent objectionable current, including parallel pathways for grounded conductor current .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Without a bona-fide definition of objectionable current, no section in this Code prohibits parallel pathways for grounded conductor current established by bonding of conductive normally non–current-carrying metal parts to the grounded conductor on the line side of a service disconnecting means.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JOSEPH HREN Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Jun 06 19:22:00 EDT 2014

I, JOSEPH HREN, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am JOSEPH HREN, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 3469-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.6(B) ]

(B) Alterations to Stop Objectionable Current. If the use of multiple grounding connections results in objectionable current, one or more of the following alterations shall be permitted to be made, provided that if the requirements of 250.4(A) (5) or (B)(4) are met:

(1) Discontinue one or more but not all of such grounding connections. (2) Change the locations of the grounding connections. (3) Interrupt the continuity of the conductor or conductive path causing the objectionable current. (4) Take other suitable remedial and approved action.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 10:13:27 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 841-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.8 ]

250.8 Connection of Grounding and Bonding Equipment. (A) Permitted Methods. Equipment grounding conductors, grounding electrode conductors, and bonding jumpers shall be connected by one or more of the following means:

(1) Listed pressure connectors (2) Terminal bars (3) Pressure connectors listed as grounding and bonding equipment (4) Exothermic welding process (5) Machine screw-type fasteners that engage not less than two threads or are secured with a nut (6) Thread-forming machine screws that engage not less than two threads in the enclosure (7) Connections that are part of a listed assembly (8) Other listed means

(B) Methods Not Permitted. Connection devices or fittings that depend solely on solder shall not be used. Informational Note: See NFPA 780 for grounding and bonding connection requirements of Lightning Protection Systems, including being listed for the purpose.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved IMG_4032.JPG Various Lightning Protection Grounding and Bonding Connections ✓ IMG_4031.JPG Copper Braided Lightning Protection Conductor ✓ IMG_4033.JPG Aluminum Braided Lightning Protection Conductor ✓

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Lightning Protection Systems are required and installed all over the world, including within those nations that adopt the NEC. These systems have proven to be an increasingly important part of safety for human life, and Property. This New Informational Note is needed to bring attention to Lightning Protection Systems, and the fact that many standard grounding and bonding connections that meet the NEC requirements do not quality for use with Lightning Protection Systems. Larger surface connection area and more bolts for securement are an example of this. The failure iof grounding connection(s) n a lightning event can be an electrical and fire hazard to life and property. See NFPA 780.

The new Informational Note will also guide the user to the appropriate NFPA Standard for more information, consistent with Hazardous (Classified ) Location NEC Articles 500-516, which contain Informational Notes that guide the Code user to NFPA 499, 409, NFPA 30, or NFPA 30A Standards for more information.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: CWEE Affilliation: IEC Street Address:

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City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Jul 22 11:56:18 EDT 2014

I, MICHAEL WEITZEL, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am MICHAEL WEITZEL, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 363-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.80 ]

250.80 Service Raceways and Enclosures. Metal enclosures and raceways for service conductors and equipment shall be connected to the grounded system conductor if the electrical system is grounded or to the grounding electrode conductor for electrical systems that are not grounded. Exception: A metal elbow that is installed in an underground nonmetallic raceway and is isolated from possible contact by a minimum cover of 450 mm (18 in.) to any part to all parts of the elbow shall not be required to be connected to the grounded system conductor or grounding electrode conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The illustration used in the Code Handbook, while it agrees with current text, is somewhat misleading. If the intent is to require only a portion of the isolated metal elbow to be below 18 inches, the illustration should be revised to better show that. If the intent is to require all parts of the metal elbow to be below 18 inches, the text must change to require all parts be below 18 inches. As an example, if a three foot radius elbow were installed it could be possible to be at the correct burial depth and yet have a portion of the elbow exposed above grade. As the text requires it be "isolated from possible contact" this would not be the case and therefore would require grounding. However, if you ask is "any" part of it below 18 inches, the answer is yes. By that logic, the elbow does not require grounding.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Craig Perkins Organization: Retired Inspector Affilliation: None Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Mar 03 13:19:33 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2002-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.8(A) ]

(A) Permitted Methods. Equipment bonding conductors, equipment grounding conductors, grounding electrode conductors, and bonding jumpers shall be connected by one or more of the following means: (1) Listed pressure connectors (2) Terminal bars (3) Pressure connectors listed as grounding and bonding equipment (4) Exothermic welding process (5) Machine screw-type fasteners that engage not less than two threads or are secured with a nut (6) Thread-forming machine screws that engage not less than two threads in the enclosure (7) Connections that are part of a listed assembly (8) Other listed means

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address:

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City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 16 15:43:48 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1627-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.8(B) ]

(B) Methods Not Permitted.

(1) Connection devices or fittings that depend solely on solder shall not be used. (2) Enclosures shall not be used as terminal bars for multible grounding terminations.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Enclosures where multiple terminations are used can not be trusted for a low impedance points of connections. UL has not tested for this condition. See also NEC 450.10.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Joel Rencsok Organization: self Affilliation: n/a Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 06 19:09:34 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2170-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.110 ]

(1) Where within 2.5 m (8 ft) vertically or 1.5 m (5 ft) horizontally of ground or grounded metal objects and subject to contact by persons (2) Where located in a wet or damp location and not isolated (3) Where in electrical contact with metal (4) Where in a hazardous (classified) location as covered by Articles 500 through 517 (5) Where supplied by a wiring method that provides an equipment grounding bonding conductor, except as permitted by 250.86 Exception No. 2 for short sections of metal enclosures (6) Where equipment operates with any terminal at over 150 volts to ground Exception No. 1: If exempted by special permission, the metal frame of electrically heated appliances that have the frame permanently and effectively insulated from ground shall not be required to be grounded bonded . Exception No. 2: Distribution apparatus, such as transformer and capacitor cases, mounted on wooden poles at a height exceeding 2.5 m (8 ft) above ground or grade level shall not be required to be grounded bonded . Exception No. 3: Listed equipment protected by a system of double insulation, or its equivalent, shall not be required to be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor. Where such a system is employed, the equipment shall be distinctively marked.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:34:25 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1957-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.110 ]

250.110 Equipment Fastened in Place (Fixed) or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods. Exposed, normally non–current-carrying metal parts of fixed equipment supplied by or enclosing conductors or components that are likely to become energized shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor under any of the following conditions: (1) Where within 2.5 m (8 ft) vertically or 1.5 m (5 ft) horizontally of ground or grounded metal objects and subject to contact by persons (2) Where located in a wet or damp location and not isolated (3) Where in electrical contact with metal (4) Where in a hazardous (classified) location as covered by Articles 500 through 517 (5) Where supplied by a wiring method that provides an equipment grounding conductor, except as permitted by 250.86 Exception No. 2 for short sections of metal enclosures (6) Where equipment operates with any terminal at over 150 actual volts to ground Exception No. 1: If exempted by special permission, the metal frame of electrically heated appliances that have the frame permanently and effectively insulated from ground shall not be required to be grounded. Exception No. 2: Distribution apparatus, such as transformer and capacitor cases, mounted on wooden poles at a height exceeding 2.5 m (8 ft) above ground or grade level shall not be required to be grounded. Exception No. 3: Listed equipment protected by a system of double insulation, or its equivalent, shall not be required to be connected to the equipment grounding conductor. Where such a system is employed, the equipment shall be distinctively marked.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 18:39:45 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2130-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.12 ]

250.12 Clean Surfaces. Nonconductive Where there is a requirement for equipment to be grounded or bonded, and threads or other contact surfaces are relied on as the means to accomplish the grounding or bonding, nonconductive coatings (such as paint, lacquer, and enamel) on equipment to be grounded shall be removed from threads and other contact surfaces to ensure good electrical continuity or be connected by means of fittings designed so as to make such removal unnecessary alternate means of grounding or bonding the equipment shall be provided. Informational Note: where the nonconductive coatings served as protection for metal or other materials vulnerable to environmental degradation, after connections have been made, any surfaces remaining exposed and no longer protected by coatings removed shall be provided with coatings offering protection at least equivalent to that which was removed .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Rationale: Clarification--here's one example: For wet locations, threaded connectors and plugs installed in bell boxes sold by one major manufacturer require thread sealing. Teflon tape is one common choice of sealant, the product manager told me; sealant conductivity is not an issue, because there’s enough metal-to-metal contact for continuity. Is this in conflict with the requirement for Clean Surfaces?

At first glance, I’d say yes, because there’s a nonconductive coating. On second, no, because from what the product manager, albeit not the installation instructions, said, “fittings have been designed so as to make such removal unnecessary.” But I’m not clear, because I don’t know whether “fittings have been designed” and tested for this as part of the listing process. In proposing revised language, I am guessing that the intent of the section is to allow installers to provide alternate means of grounding or bonding. In the case of a bell box plug, I assume bonding is the point more than grounding per se. With a connector, I imagine grounding is the ultimate goal. But I imagine the present wording intends to address both grounding and bonding, any grounding via the bonding accomplished by means of the bonding.

Conceivably, the Section is not intended to mean this, but rather the intention is simply to say that this applies unless there is already a manufacturer-supplied alternative means such that conductive contact is not needed at the fitting. Or unless you use, for example, a fitting that is fitted with a clamp for a ground wire that passes into the box, or with a setscrew that is tested to dig through any coating (a grounding locknut, a grounding, bushing, etc) I can’t tell.

Even if you decide this Section doesn’t need any other change, the grammar could use a slight tweak, just to make the long sentence a little easier to read. Right now, it parses to “Nonconductive coatings . . . shall be connected by means of fittings . . . .”; not what is intended. So at the very least you might consider adding “ . . . or the equipment shall be connected by means of fittings . . . .” to make the intended antecedent immediately clear. It’s not that readers won’t figure out that the intended antecedent is “equipment,” but that the construction requires unnecessary extra mental processing.

Rationale for Informational Note: In some cases, but only some, this will be addressed by Section 300.6(A). Other than with field-threaded ferrous connections, is it implicit in the application of Section 110.3(B)? Maybe, but first off, 110.3(B) doesn’t allow us to modify equipment and then restore it, and second, it doesn’t apply to non-Listed equipment. So maybe this is addressed by Section 110.3(A)(2)? 110.12 (Brrr)? Probably at least one of them, but best to mention it right here, at least in an Informational Note.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DAVID SHAPIRO Organization: SAFETY FIRST ELECTRICAL Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 09:51:17 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2220-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.120 ]

250.120 Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor Installation. An equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be installed in accordance with 250.120(A), (B), and (C). (A) Raceway, Cable Trays, Cable Armor, Cablebus, or Cable Sheaths. Where it consists of a raceway, cable tray, cable armor, cablebus framework, or cable sheath or where it is a wire within a raceway or cable, it shall be installed in accordance with the applicable provisions in this Code using fittings for joints and terminations approved for use with the type raceway or cable used. All connections, joints, and fittings shall be made tight using suitable tools. Informational Note: See the UL guide information on FHIT systems for equipment grounding bonding conductors installed in a raceway that are part of an electrical circuit protective system or a fire-rated cable listed to maintain circuit integrity. (B) Aluminum and Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. Equipment grounding bonding conductors of bare or insulated aluminum or copper-clad aluminum shall be permitted. Bare conductors shall not come in direct contact with masonry or the earth or where subject to corrosive conditions. Aluminum or copper-clad aluminum conductors shall not be terminated within 450 mm (18 in.) of the earth. (C) Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors Smaller Than 6 AWG. Where not routed with circuit conductors as permitted in 250.130(C) and 250.134(B) Exception No. 2, equipment grounding bonding conductors smaller than 6 AWG shall be protected from physical damage by an identified raceway or cable armor unless installed within hollow spaces of the framing members of buildings or structures and where not subject to physical damage.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

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Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:34:38 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2305-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.140 ]

250.140 Frames of Ranges and Clothes Dryers. Frames of electric ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, clothes dryers, and outlet or junction boxes that are part of the circuit for these appliances shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor in the manner specified by 250.134 or 250.138. Exception: For existing branch-circuit installations only where an equipment grounding bonding conductor is not present in the outlet or junction box, the frames of electric ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, clothes dryers, and outlet or junction boxes that are part of the circuit for these appliances shall be permitted to be connected to the grounded circuit conductor if all the following conditions are met.

(1) The supply circuit is 120/240-volt, single-phase, 3-wire; or 208Y/120-volt derived from a 3-phase, 4-wire, wye-connected system. (2) The grounded conductor is not smaller than 10 AWG copper or 8 AWG aluminum. (3) The grounded conductor is insulated, or the grounded conductor is uninsulated and part of a Type SE service-entrance cable and the branch circuit originates at the service equipment. (4) Grounding Bonding contacts of receptacles furnished as part of the equipment are bonded to the equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT

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Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 15:07:50 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2229-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.130 ]

250.130 Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor Connections. Equipment grounding bonding conductor connections at the source of separately derived systems shall be made in accordance with 250.30(A) (1). Equipment grounding bonding conductor connections at service equipment shall be made as indicated in 250.130(A) or (B). For replacement of non–grounding-type receptacles with grounding-type receptacles and for branch-circuit extensions only in existing installations that do not have an equipment grounding bonding conductor in the branch circuit, connections shall be permitted as indicated in 250.130(C). (A) For Grounded Systems. The connection shall be made by bonding the equipment grounding bonding conductor to the grounded service conductor and the grounding electrode conductor. (B) For Ungrounded Systems. The connection shall be made by bonding the equipment grounding conductor to the grounding electrode conductor. (C) Nongrounding Receptacle Replacement or Branch Circuit Extensions. The equipment grounding bonding conductor of a grounding-type receptacle or a branch-circuit extension shall be permitted to be connected to any of the following:

(1) Any accessible point on the grounding electrode system as described in 250.50 (2) Any accessible point on the grounding electrode conductor (3) The equipment grounding bonding terminal bar within the enclosure where the branch circuit for the receptacle or branch circuit originates (4) An equipment grounding bonding conductor that is part of another branch circuit that originates from the enclosure where the branch circuit for the receptacle or branch circuit originates (5) For grounded systems, the grounded service conductor within the service equipment enclosure (6) For ungrounded systems, the grounding terminal bar within the service equipment enclosure Informational Note: See 406.4(D) for the use of a ground-fault circuit-interrupting type of receptacle.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that Panel 5 Agenda Page 95 1257 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 17:00:20 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1969-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.170 ]

250.170 Instrument Transformer Circuits. Secondary circuits of current and potential instrument transformers shall be grounded where the primary windings are connected to circuits of 300 actual volts or more to ground and, where installed on or in switchgear and on switchboards, shall be grounded irrespective of voltage. Exception No. 1: Circuits where the primary windings are connected to circuits of 1000 volts or less with no live parts or wiring exposed or accessible to other than qualified persons. Exception No. 2: Current transformer secondaries connected in a three-phase delta configuration shall not be required to be grounded.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

[1000 is intentionally not followed by an inserted "actual"]

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 19:03:07 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2322-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.190 ]

250.190 Grounding Bonding of Equipment. (A) Equipment Grounding Bonding . All non–current-carrying metal parts of fixed, portable, and mobile equipment and associated fences, housings, enclosures, and supporting structures shall be grounded bonded . Exception: Where isolated from ground and located such that any person in contact with ground cannot contact such metal parts when the equipment is energized, the metal parts shall not be required to be grounded bonded . Informational Note: See 250.110, Exception No. 2, for pole-mounted distribution apparatus. (B) Grounding Electrode Conductor. If a grounding electrode conductor connects non–current-carrying metal parts to ground, the grounding electrode conductor shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66, based on the size of the largest ungrounded service, feeder, or branch-circuit conductors supplying the equipment. The grounding electrode conductor shall not be smaller than 6 AWG copper or 4 AWG aluminum. (C) Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor. Equipment grounding bonding conductors shall comply with 250.190(C) (1) through (C)(3). (1) General. Equipment grounding bonding conductors that are not an integral part of a cable assembly shall not be smaller than 6 AWG copper or 4 AWG aluminum. (2) Shielded Cables. The metallic insulation shield encircling the current carrying conductors shall be permitted to be used as an equipment grounding bonding conductor, if it is rated for clearing time of ground fault current protective device operation without damaging the metallic shield. The metallic tape insulation shield and drain wire insulation shield shall not be used as an equipment grounding bonding conductor for solidly grounded systems. (3) Sizing. Equipment grounding bonding conductors shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122 based on the current rating of the fuse or the overcurrent setting of the protective relay. Informational Note: The overcurrent rating for a circuit breaker is the combination of the current transformer ratio and the current pickup setting of the protective relay.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes Panel 5 Agenda Page 98 1310 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:29:56 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1973-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 250.20(A), 250.20(B) ]

Sections 250.20(A), 250.20(B) (A) Alternating-Current Systems of Less Than 50 Actual Volts. Alternating-current systems of less than 50 actual volts shall be grounded under any of the following conditions:

(1) Where supplied by transformers, if the transformer supply system exceeds 150 150 actual volts to ground (2) Where supplied by transformers, if the transformer supply system is ungrounded (3) Where installed outside as overhead conductors

(B) Alternating-Current Systems of 50 Actual Volts to 1000 Volts. Alternating-current systems of 50 actual volts to 1000 volts that supply premises wiring and premises wiring systems shall be grounded under any of the following conditions: (1) Where the system can be grounded so that the maximum voltage to ground on the ungrounded conductors does not exceed 150 actual volts (2) Where the system is 3-phase, 4-wire, wye connected in which the neutral conductor is used as a circuit conductor (3) Where the system is 3-phase, 4-wire, delta connected in which the midpoint of one phase winding is used as a circuit conductor

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses voltages that are "actual" hard limits. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

[The delete/insert of 150 is a typo]

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 19:22:37 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1421-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.20(B) ]

(B) Alternating-Current Systems of 50 Volts to 1000 Volts. Alternating-current systems of 50 volts to 1000 volts that supply premises wiring and premises wiring systems shall be grounded under any of the following conditions:

(1) Where the system can be grounded so that the maximum voltage to ground on the on any ungrounded conductors conductor does not exceed 150 volts (2) Where the system is 3-phase, 4-wire, wye connected in which the neutral conductor is used as a circuit conductor (3) Where the system is 3-phase, 4-wire, delta connected in which the midpoint of one phase winding is used as a circuit conductor

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In the case of a 240V 3Ø 3W delta connected system, which the midpoint of one phase winding is available but NOT used as a circuit conductor, it can be grounded so two conductors do not exceed 150 volts to ground. The third conductor would be approximately 208 volts to ground. As currently worded, the requirement can be interpreted to mean only systems where all ungrounded conductors are limited to 150 volts or less to ground are required to be grounded.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JOSEPH HREN Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Sep 27 15:16:34 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1414-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.20(B) ]

TITLE OF NEW CONTENT Type your content here ...Add new 250.20(B)(4) Where the system is 3-phase, 4-wire wye connected in which the neutral is grounded through a high impedance.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

250.20(B) is an all inclusive list of conditions where the system is to be grounded. Because of this, I believe it would add clarity to add instances where the neutral is grounded through a high impedance, such as a resistor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Paul Guidry Organization: Fluor Enterprises, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 26 08:06:32 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1974-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.21 ]

250.21 Alternating-Current Systems of 50 Actual Volts to 1000 Volts Not Required to Be Grounded. (A) General. The following ac systems of 50 actual volts to 1000 volts shall be permitted to be grounded but shall not be required to be grounded:

(1) Electrical systems used exclusively to supply industrial electric furnaces for melting, refining, tempering, and the like (2) Separately derived systems used exclusively for rectifiers that supply only adjustable-speed industrial drives (3) Separately derived systems supplied by transformers that have a primary voltage rating of 1000 volts or less, provided that all the following conditions are met:

(4) The system is used exclusively for control circuits. (5) The conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation. (6) Continuity of control power is required.

(7) Other systems that are not required to be grounded in accordance with the requirements of 250.20(B) (B) Ground Detectors. Ground detectors shall be installed in accordance with 250.21(B) (1) and (B)(2).

(1) Ungrounded ac systems as permitted in 250.21(A) (1) through (A)(4) operating at not less than 120 volts and at 1000 volts or less shall have ground detectors installed on the system. (2) The ground detection sensing equipment shall be connected as close as practicable to where the system receives its supply. (C) Marking. Ungrounded systems shall be legibly marked “Caution: Ungrounded System Operating — _____Volts Between Conductors” at the source or first disconnecting means of the system. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses voltages that are "actual" hard limits. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 19:27:16 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3470-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.21(A) ]

(A) General. The following ac systems of 50 volts to 1000 volts shall be permitted to be grounded but shall not be required to be grounded: (1) Electrical systems used exclusively to supply industrial electric furnaces for melting, refining, tempering, and the like (2) Separately derived systems used exclusively for rectifiers that supply only adjustable-speed industrial drives (3) Separately derived systems supplied by transformers that have a primary voltage rating of 1000 volts or less, provided that if all the following conditions are met:

(7) Other systems that are not required to be grounded in accordance with the requirements of 250.20(B)

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 10:16:04 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1444-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.22 ]

250.22 Circuits Not to Be Grounded. The following circuits shall not be grounded:

(1) Circuits for electric cranes operating over combustible fibers in Class III locations, as provided in 503.155 (2) Circuits in health care facilities as provided in 517.61 and 517.160 (3) Circuits for equipment within electrolytic cell working zone as provided in Article 668 (4) Secondary circuits of lighting systems as provided in 411.6(A) (5) Secondary circuits of lighting systems as provided in 680.23(A) (2). (6) Class 2 load side circuits for low-voltage suspended ceiling power distribution systems as provided in 393.60(B)

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

These low-voltage systems have no means for a grounding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DAVID CLEMENTS Organization: INTL ASSOC ELEC INSP Affilliation: International Association of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI) Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 30 14:10:17 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1220-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.22 ]

250.22 Circuits Not to Be Grounded. The following circuits shall not be grounded: (1) Circuits for electric cranes operating over combustible fibers in Class III locations, as provided in 503.155 (2) Circuits in health care facilities as provided in 517.61 and 517.160 (3) Circuits for equipment within electrolytic cell working zone as provided in Article 668 (4) Secondary circuits of lighting systems as provided in 411.6(A) (5) Secondary circuits of lighting systems as provided in 680.23(A) (2). (6) Low-Voltage suspended ceiling power distribution systems.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

These low-voltage systems have no means for a grounding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Joel Rencsok Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 09 11:25:10 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4535-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.22 ]

(6)Low-Voltage suspended ceiling power distribution systems 393.60(B)

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

These low-voltage systems have no means for a grounding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROCCO DELUCA Organization: City of Phoenix AZ Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 09:37:19 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2405-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24 ]

250.24 Grounding Service-Supplied Alternating-Current Systems. (A) System Grounding Connections. A premises wiring system supplied by a grounded ac service shall have a grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded service conductor, at each service, in accordance with 250.24(A) (1) through (A)(5). (1) General. The grounding electrode conductor connection shall be made at any accessible point from the load end of the overhead service conductors, service drop, underground service conductors, or service lateral to, including the terminal or bus to which the grounded service conductor is connected at the service disconnecting means. Informational Note: See definitions of Service Conductors, Overhead; Service Conductors, Underground; Service Drop; and Service Lateral in Article 100. (2) Outdoor Transformer. Where the transformer supplying the service is located outside the building, at least one additional grounding connection shall be made from the grounded service conductor to a grounding electrode, either at the transformer or elsewhere outside the building. Exception: The additional grounding electrode conductor connection shall not be made on high-impedance grounded neutral systems. The system shall meet the requirements of 250.36. (3) Dual-Fed Services. For services that are dual fed (double ended) in a common enclosure or grouped together in separate enclosures and employing a secondary tie, a single grounding electrode conductor connection to the tie point of the grounded conductor(s) from each power source shall be permitted. (4) Main Bonding Jumper as Wire or Busbar. Where the main bonding jumper specified in 250.28 is a wire or busbar and is installed from the grounded conductor terminal bar or bus to the equipment grounding terminal bar or bus in the service equipment, the grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be connected to the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus to which the main bonding jumper is connected. (5) Load-Side Grounding Connections. A grounded conductor shall not be connected to normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, to equipment grounding conductor(s), or be reconnected to ground on the load side of the service disconnecting means except as otherwise permitted in this article. Informational Note: See 250.30 for separately derived systems, 250.32 for connections at separate buildings or structures, and 250.142 for use of the grounded circuit conductor for grounding equipment. (B) Main Bonding Jumper. For a grounded system, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall be used to connect the equipment grounding conductor(s) and the service-disconnect enclosure to the grounded conductor within the enclosure for each service disconnect in accordance with 250.28. Exception No. 1: Where more than one service disconnecting means is located in an assembly listed for use as service equipment, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall bond the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure. Exception No. 2: Impedance grounded neutral systems shall be permitted to be connected as provided in 250.36 and 250.187. (C) Grounded Conductor Brought to Service Equipment. Where an ac system operating at 1000 volts or less is grounded at any point, the grounded conductor(s) shall be routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. A main bonding jumper shall connect the grounded conductor(s) to each service disconnecting means enclosure. The grounded conductor(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.24(C) (1) through (C)(4). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly common grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. The assembly shall include a main bonding jumper for connecting the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure. (1) Sizing for a Single Raceway. The grounded conductor shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C)(1) . (2) Parallel Conductors in Two or More Raceways. Panel 5 Agenda Page 108 1031 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

If the ungrounded service-entrance conductors are installed in parallel in two or more raceways, the grounded conductor shall also be installed in parallel. The size of the grounded conductor in each raceway shall be based on the total circular mil area of the parallel ungrounded conductors in the raceway, as indicated in 250.24(C) (1), but not smaller than 1/0 AWG. Informational Note: See 310.10(H) for grounded conductors connected in parallel. (3) Delta-Connected Service. The grounded conductor of a 3-phase, 3-wire delta service shall have an ampacity not less than that of the ungrounded conductors. (4) High Impedance. The grounded conductor on a high-impedance grounded neutral system shall be grounded in accordance with 250.36. (D) Grounding Electrode Conductor. A grounding electrode conductor shall be used to connect the equipment grounding conductors, the service- equipment enclosures, and, where the system is grounded, the grounded service conductor to the grounding electrode(s) required by Part III of this article. This conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.66. High-impedance grounded neutral system connections shall be made as covered in 250.36. (E) Ungrounded System Grounding Connections. A premises wiring system that is supplied by an ac service that is ungrounded shall have, at each service, a grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounding electrode(s) required by Part III of this article. The grounding electrode conductor shall be connected to a metal enclosure of the service conductors at any accessible point from the load end of the overhead service conductors, service drop, underground service conductors, or service lateral to the service disconnecting means.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Substantiation: As currently written in the NEC the grounding electrode conductor (GEC) connection can be made at any accessible point anywhere from the load side of the service drop to the service equipment. This rule allows for the four conductors used in grounding and bonding scattering the connection points along a service distribution path making installation, inspection, and maintenance inconvenient for installers, inspectors, and other users of the Code. Locations such as at the service head, meter socket enclosures, in a wireway, auxiliary gutter, or within the service disconnect all must meet the accessibility test. Meter sockets are sealed by the utility restricting access. Some local code enforcement entities amend the code to not allow the GEC to be connected in meter sockets.

This proposal is asking the CMP to consider a “one-stop” location for connecting together these essential grounding and bonding conductors. Service equipment typically contains a terminal bar or lugs that are intended for the connection of grounding and bonding conductors. Making the connection point at the service disconnecting equipment is the most convenient place for the convergence and connection of these four conductors along the service distribution path.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Jennifer Bingman Organization: UEJATC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 24 11:20:25 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2174-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(A) ]

(A) System Grounding Connections. A premises wiring system supplied by a grounded ac service shall have a grounding electrode conductor connected to the grounded service conductor, at each service, in accordance with 250.24(A) (1) through (A)(5). (1) General. The grounding electrode conductor connection shall be made at any accessible point from the load end of the overhead service conductors, service drop, underground service conductors, or service lateral to, including the terminal or bus to which the grounded service conductor is connected at the service disconnecting means. Informational Note: See definitions of Service Conductors, Overhead; Service Conductors, Underground; Service Drop; and Service Lateral in Article 100. (2) Outdoor Transformer. Where the transformer supplying the service is located outside the building, at least one additional grounding connection shall be made from the grounded service conductor to a grounding electrode, either at the transformer or elsewhere outside the building. Exception: The additional grounding electrode conductor connection shall not be made on high-impedance grounded neutral systems. The system shall meet the requirements of 250.36. (3) Dual-Fed Services. For services that are dual fed (double ended) in a common enclosure or grouped together in separate enclosures and employing a secondary tie, a single grounding electrode conductor connection to the tie point of the grounded conductor(s) from each power source shall be permitted. (4) Main Bonding Jumper as Wire or Busbar. Where the main bonding jumper specified in 250.28 is a wire or busbar and is installed from the grounded conductor terminal bar or bus to the equipment grounding bonding terminal bar or bus in the service equipment, the grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be connected to the equipment grounding bonding terminal, bar, or bus to which the main bonding jumper is connected. (5) Load-Side Grounding Connections. A grounded conductor shall not be connected to normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, to equipment grounding bondng conductor(s), or be reconnected to ground on the load side of the service disconnecting means except as otherwise permitted in this article. Informational Note: See 250.30 for separately derived systems, 250.32 for connections at separate buildings or structures, and 250.142 for use of the grounded circuit conductor for grounding equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity Panel 5 Agenda Page 110 1033 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:57:39 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4313-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(A)(1) ]

(1) General. The grounding electrode conductor connection shall be made at any accessible point from the load end of the overhead service conductors, service drop, underground service conductors, or service lateral to, including the terminal or bus to which the grounded service conductor is connected at the service disconnecting means. For the prupose of this section, connection of the grounding electrode conductor in an enclosure which will be sealed by the utility provider will not be considered accessible. Informational Note : See definitions of Service Conductors, Overhead; Service Conductors, Underground; Service Drop; and Service Lateral in Article 100.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

If the grounding electrode connection to the grounded conductor is made inside a meter-base, C. T. enclosure or service gutter, it becomes inaccessible for maintenance and inspection once sealed by the utility company. Many utility companies have strict policies regarding removal or destruction of a seal and will not authorize the breaking of a seal or removal of a meter from the socket by persons other than employees of the utility. This can prevent the electrician or inspector from confirming a secure connection of the grounding electrode conductor to the grounded service conductor, as required by this section, after the equipment is energized and sealed by the utility. After the equipment is energized for the first time, subsequent inspections cannot verify this connection.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Rodney Jones Organization: Clackamas County, Oregon Affilliation: Self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 19:00:47 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4350-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(A)(2) ]

(2) Outdoor Transformer. Where the transformer supplying the service is located outside the building, at least one additional grounding connection shall be made from the grounded service conductor to a grounding electrode, either at the transformer or elsewhere outside the building. Exception: The additional grounding electrode conductor connection shall not be made on high-impedance grounded neutral systems. The system shall meet the requirements of 250.36 .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Delete this subdivision as it does not make sense as a requirement in the present NEC. When all buildings were considered to be supplied by services this was a logical requirement. If a building is supplied by a feeder or service then 250.24 does not apply. If the building is supplied by a service then the outside transformer, either pole or pad mounded, is not within the NEC scope so this requirement does not make sense.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Paul Dobrowsky Organization: Self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 20:11:19 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4170-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(A)(4) ]

(4) Main Bonding Jumper as Wire or Busbar. Where the main bonding jumper specified in 250.28 is a wire or busbar and is installed from the grounded conductor terminal bar or bus to the equipment grounding terminal bar or bus in the service equipment, the grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be connected to the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus to which the main bonding jumper is connected. a)when the main bonding jumper on a service or a seperatly derived system is a wire it should be identified at both ends with a wrap of green tape and a wrap of white tape. this would clearly identify the bonding jumper. in some transformers it is very difficult to follow out the bonding jumper from end to end being identified with white and green tape would make it different from a normal ground conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

this would clearly identify the bonding jumper. in some transformers it is very difficult to follow out the bonding jumper from end to end being identified with white and green tape would make it different from a normal ground conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DUANE REYNOLDS Organization: CITY OF SEATTLE Affilliation: Electrical Inspector Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 11:36:33 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4252-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(A)(4) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This change would make the grounding electrode connection to be consistent with IEEE Recommended Practices for Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment, Standard 1100. This would mandate a grounding bar specifically for terminating grounding conductors and provide a foundation for a system that has one connection between the grounded (neutral) system and the grounding system thus eliminating parallel paths between grounded and grounding systems.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 4198-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(1)] Public Input No. 4226-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(5)] Public Input No. 4263-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(4)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 16:48:24 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4226-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(A)(5) ]

(5) Load-Side Grounding Connections. A grounded conductor shall not be connected to normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, to equipment grounding conductor(s), or be reconnected to ground on the load side of the service disconnecting means except as otherwise permitted in this article. Informational Note: See 250.30 for separately derived systems, 250.32 for connections at separate buildings or structures, and 250.142 for use of the grounded circuit conductor for grounding equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This change will correlate with comment 4198NFPA. One point grounded conductor to grounding system connection or one main bond jumper on the source or service side.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 4198-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(1)] Public Input No. 3689-NFPA 70-2014 [New Definition after Definition: Nonlinear Load.] Public Input No. 4252-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(4)] Public Input No. 4263-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(4)] Public Input No. 4683-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(B)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 15:14:16 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2250-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(B) ]

(B) Main Bonding Jumper. For a grounded system, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall be used to connect the equipment grounding conductor(s) and the service-disconnect equipment enclosure to the grounded conductor within the enclosure for each service disconnect in accordance with 250.28. Exception No. 1: Where more than one service disconnecting means is located in an assembly listed for use as service equipment, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall bond the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure. Exception No. 2: Impedance grounded neutral systems shall be permitted to be connected as provided in 250.36 and 250.187.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Consider a manual transfer switch (service rated) with an adjacent panel being used as the main service disconnect. The definition as stated in 2014 states the service conductors stop at the service disconnect (this would be the transfer switch). I believe the intent is to include the conductors between the transfer switch (service rated) and the main panel as service conductors. Article 230.91 allows the service overcurrent protective device to be immediately adjacent to the switch. So if the main panel breaker is the service disconnect it must be service equipment and therefore the conductors would be service conductors. In this case the main panel would also need a main bonding jumper as that panel is service equipment

I have also made a proposal to change the def. of service conductors to include service equipment not just the disconnect

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DENNIS ALWON Organization: ALWON ELECTRIC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 21 12:21:07 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2004-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(B) ]

(B) Main Bonding Jumper. For a grounded system, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall be used to connect the equipment grounding bonding conductor(s) and the service-disconnect enclosure to the grounded conductor within the enclosure for each service disconnect in accordance with 250.28. Exception No. 1: Where more than one service disconnecting means is located in an assembly listed for use as service equipment, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall bond the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure. Exception No. 2: Impedance grounded neutral systems shall be permitted to be connected as provided in 250.36 and 250.187.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 16 15:49:36 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4683-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(B) ]

(B) Main Bonding Jumper. For a grounded system, an unspliced main bonding jumper shall be used to connect the equipment grounding conductor(s) and the service-disconnect enclosure to the grounded conductor within the enclosure for each for the service disconnect in accordance with 250.28. Exception No. 1: Where more than one service disconnecting means is located in an assembly listed for use as service equipment, an a single unspliced main bonding jumper shall bond the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure and grounding terminal or bus . Exception No. 2: Impedance grounded neutral systems shall be permitted to be connected as provided in 250.36 and 250.187.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Help resolve the issue of parallel paths between the grounded neutral and entire grounding system of a facility. Specifically in the area from the load end of the service drop to the service disconnect(s).

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 3689-NFPA 70-2014 [New Definition after Definition: Nonlinear Load.] Public Input No. 4198-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(1)] Public Input No. 4226-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(5)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 14:02:14 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3089-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any

Sub-Sections] ]

Where an ac system operating at 1000 2000 volts or less is grounded at any point, the grounded conductor(s) shall be routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. A main bonding jumper shall connect the grounded conductor(s) to each service disconnecting means enclosure. The grounded conductor(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.24(C) (1) through (C)(4). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly common grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. The assembly shall include a main bonding jumper for connecting the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The revision is required to correlate with proposed revisions to raise the LV voltage limit to 2000V. Existing products indicate that conductors and equipment rated 2000 volts will have similar construction and wiring methods as traditional LV equipment. The principal of providing the grounded conductor at the service equipment should apply to systems up to 2000 V.

The NEC requires that products used in the electrical installation are suitable for the intended purpose based on the product instructions, labeling, and listing. The division in requirements between LV and HV installations was historically chosen based on the LV limit of 600V despite the construction and product standards requirements for HV beginning at voltages over 2000V. The limitation for low voltage installations and division of HV as applying to all voltages over 600V met the industry needs for many years. However, new challenges for better energy efficiency, microgrids, and integration of distributed sources into the electrical system require general adjustment to this limit. Revisions to product standards have addressed the necessary safety and performance concerns to permit products such as conductors, switches, fuses, and circuit breakers to have ratings exceeding 600V with constructions similar to LV products. In addition to available products, product standard revisions are in process for transfer switches. The demonstrated ability for product standards to develop the necessary materials, configuration, and testing of products for voltages up to 2000V should be acknowledged by the allowance of LV system ratings to this level.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2947-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 215.2(A)] CMP2/All PIs Public Input No. 3090-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.36 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 3093-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.142(B)] Public Input No. 3095-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.186(A) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 3096-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.186(B) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 3097-NFPA 70-2014 [Part X.]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chad Kennedy Organization: Schneider Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 10:06:22 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4693-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any

Sub-Sections] ]

Where an ac system operating at 1000 volts or less is grounded at any point, the grounded conductor(s) shall be routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. A main single main bonding jumper shall connect the grounded conductor(s) to each to the grounding electrode conductor and service disconnecting means enclosure at the main service disconnect enclosure or ahead of each group of service disconnecting means enclosure . The grounded conductor(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.24(C) (1) through (C)(4). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly common grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. The assembly shall include a main bonding jumper for connecting the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure and grounding terminal or bus .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 14:22:42 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3916-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(C)(1) ]

(1) Sizing for a Single Raceway or Cable . The grounded conductor shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C)(1) .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

It would stand to reason that the same issue would apply to cables as it would a raceway. If their was no difference then you would not have this called out as well inTable 310.15(B)(16) and other areas of the National Electrical Code. The sizing of the grounded conductor should be the same regardless of a raceway or cable wiring method. A similar public input was also submitted for 250.102(C)(2) to address this exact issue.See how it was done in 250.102(C)(1) where it has " or Cable" .

Since this section addresses the sizing of the grounded conductor for installation in raceways, it does provide the same guidance to cables that are installed exactly the same way except the conductors are pre-installed. The manufacturers will produce custom MC Cable designs and will need guidance no differently than expressed here for Raceways.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: PAUL W ABERNATHY Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 15:10:37 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3920-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(C)(2) ]

(2) Parallel Conductors in Two or More Raceways or Cables . If the ungrounded service-entrance conductors are installed in parallel in two or more raceways or cables , the grounded conductor shall also be installed in parallel. The size of the grounded conductor in each raceway or cable shall be based on the total circular mil area of the parallel ungrounded conductors in the raceway or cable , as indicated in 250.24(C) (1), but not smaller than 1/0 AWG. Informational Note: See 310.10(H) for grounded conductors connected in parallel.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

It would stand to reason that the same issue would apply to cables as it would a raceway. If their was no difference then you would not have this called out as well inTable 310.15(B)(16) and other areas of the National Electrical Code. The sizing of the grounded conductor should be the same regardless of a raceway or cable wiring method. A similar public input was also submitted for 250.102(C)(2) to address this exact issue. See how it was done in 250.102(C)(1) where it has " or Cable" .

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: PAUL W ABERNATHY Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 15:20:09 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3395-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(C)(2) ]

(2) Parallel Conductors in Two or More Raceways. If the ungrounded service-entrance conductors are installed in parallel in two or more raceways, the grounded conductor shall also be installed in parallel. The size of the grounded conductor in each raceway shall be based on the total circular mil area of the parallel ungrounded conductors in the raceway, as indicated in 250.24(C) (1), but not smaller than 1/0 AWG for systems less tha 600V and #2awg for 601 to 1000V systems . Informational Note: See 310.10(H) for grounded conductors connected in parallel.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The FLA, AFC are smaller at 1000v se we have less large parallel systems.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 01:09:03 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2005-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.24(D) ]

(D) Grounding Electrode Conductor. A grounding electrode conductor shall be used to connect the equipment grounding bonding conductors, the service-equipment enclosures, and, where the system is grounded, the grounded service conductor to the grounding electrode(s) required by Part III of this article. This conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.66. High-impedance grounded neutral system connections shall be made as covered in 250.36.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 16 15:51:48 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4263-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.24(A)(4) ]

Informational Note: This complies with IEEE Standard 1100. The metering enclosure shall make provisions to comply 250.(4) by supplying an insulated grounded (neutral) terminal,a main bonding jumper and grounding bus bar.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This is a critical step towards having a single point connection between the grounded conductor , the grounding electrode conductor and the noncurrent metal parts. This provide the means to eliminate normal return current flowing on the noncurrent carrying parts of a system or building. An example: a single phase meter enclosure should have a grounding bus bar and main bond jumper that provides a means to establish the one neutral to grounding bond. The grounded terminal shall be insulated. In this case there will be two phase conductors, one grounded conductor and one grounding conductor routed between the meter enclosure and each panel.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 4252-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(4)] Public Input No. 4198-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(1)] Public Input No. 4226-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(5)] Public Input No. 4693-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 4704-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.28(D)(2)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 17:07:07 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4198-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.24(A)(1) ]

Number Of Grounded to Grounding Connections There shall be only one connection between the grounding electrode conductor and the grounded service conductor for each service. This requirement shall be for each single service , each building with multiple services or each transformer serving multiple services on one building. This shall apply to any other building that is mechenically connected and served from the same transformer. Informational Note: This includes the grounded to grounding connection required by the National Electric Safety Code or the Electric Utility at the point of service. It two or more grounded to grounding connections are made then there will be normal load current flowing on the noncurrent carrying metal parts of the facility.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved Technicial Paper defining objectional Grounding_for_Safety_and_Equipment_Compatibility_- current and how to eliminate normal _07012014.docx return load current on the non current carrying parts of a building by design. Power Point: Technicial Paper defining objectional current and how to eliminate EPRI_Grounding_for_safety.pdf normal return load current on the non current carrying parts of a building by design.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

I have 24 years experience as an Idustrial Electrician and 22 Years as a degreed Power Quality Engineer. It is common that each week I encounter issues with microprocessor based equipment that have failed or misoperated, false fire or security alarms or data errors on SCADA systems. The investigations have most always led to multiply paths between the grounded conductor and the grounding system at the service entrance area. This area includes the riser, metering equipment and /or mulitple disconnects. In some cases, the grounding electrode conductor had to to be relocated from the grounded bus to the grounding bus to move the grounding reference away from the grounded current path. The NEC code has been sucessful at guiding the industry to have only one point of connection between the grounded conductor and the grounding system on separately derived and sub panels. This same construction practice should be applied to the electric service including metering equipment or entire electric system begining at the secondary of the source transformer.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 3689-NFPA 70-2014 [New Definition after Definition: Nonlinear Load.] Public Input No. 4226-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(5)] Public Input No. 4252-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(A)(4)] Public Input No. 4263-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 250.24(A)(4)] Public Input No. 4683-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(B)] Public Input No. 4693-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 4704-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.28(D)(2)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Panel 5 Agenda Page 127 1035 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 13:52:42 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1129-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.24(B) ]

TITLE OF NEW CONTENT 250.24(B)(1) Main Bonding Jumper at Service Disconnect Enclosure Type your content here ...“ 250.24(B) would read as it presently does but would be changed to 250.24(B)(1).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Utility companies sometimes require a cold sequence disconnecting means, allowable by 230.82(3). The NEC service handle(s) are required in addition to this utility mandated disconnect according to the utility company. (This so for Xcel Energy. I do not know how all utility companies operate.) Attention is needed for the grounding of NEC and utility company disconnects where installed together.

This new code entry follows the direction of 250.24(B) and 250.24(C). While 230.82(3) has made it abundantly clear that this disconnect is not a service disconnecting means, the intent of the code is clear on this needed connection and it needs to be pointed out in this proposed new code location. 250.24(B) and 250.24(C) mandate that the grounding conductor(s), grounded conductor, enclosure connection be made for ‘each disconnect’. This connection is necessary due to the disconnect’s physical and electrical location in the service and fault current characteristics that come with it.

Presently, the AHJ could enforce this connection one way or the other with little ground to stand on without a clear passage in the NEC. I see it as necessary connection and a connection that is allowable by 250.142(1). It is allowable by 250.142(1) but not mandatory.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Norman Feck Organization: State of Colorado Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Aug 26 20:01:49 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1130-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.24(B) ]

TITLE OF NEW CONTENT 250.24(B)(2) Main Bonding Jumper at Non-Service Disconnect Enclosure Where a disconnecting means is installed on the line side of a meter, as allowed by 230.82(3), an unspliced main bonding jumper shall be used to connect equipment grounding conductor(s) and the disconnecting means enclosure to the grounded conductor within the enclosure.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Norman Feck Organization: State of Colorado Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Aug 26 20:04:13 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1018-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.26 ]

250.26 Conductor to Be Grounded — Alternating-Current Systems. For ac premises wiring systems, the conductor to be grounded shall be as specified in the following: (1) Single-phase, 2-wire — one conductor (2) Single-phase, 3-wire — the neutral conductor (3) Multiphase systems having one wire common to all phases — the neutral conductor (4) Multiphase systems where one phase is grounded — one phase conductor (5) Multiphase systems in which one phase is used as in (2) — the neutral conductor (6) As a stray voltage mitigation for agricultural buildings, for Single- and Multiphase systems with separate ground and neutral conductors from service entrance to all sub-panels, such as Single-phase, 4-wire and Three-phase Y, 5-wire:

(7) ? Ensure all equipment is properly grounded per other sections (8) Within each sub-panel ensure neutral conductors are isolated from ground (9) Ensure neutral and ground are bonded only at the service entrance equipment (transformer).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

I am submitting proposed changes to two sections: 250.26 and 547.9.

The changes are to clarify neutral to ground bonding as a stray voltage mitigation activity.

Presently Section 547.9 has an "informational note" recommending using single-phase, 4-wire service to reduce stray voltage. 547.9 in turn references 250.32 which in turn references 250.26 for the neutral-ground bonding instructions. However, 547.9 of course does not itself provide guidance on neutral-ground bonding. The reader is referred to the earlier sections for this information.

At present, 250.26 provides guidance on neutral-ground bonding for Single-phase, 3-wire service and a few other arrangements, but it does not provide guidance on neutral-ground bonding in cases such as Single-phase, 4-wire service where there are separate neutral and ground conductors all the way back to the service equipment (transformer & meter).

This proposed change is to provide guidance necessary to the stray voltage mitigation, but which is not yet embodied in 250.26.

I have some supporting data and schematic drawings available for review if the editing team would like to review that.

Thanks

Tom Overman Technical Executive Electric Power Research Institute [email protected] [email protected] 408-314-3582

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1019-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 547.9(C)] Public Input No. 1020-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 547.9 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 1021-NFPA 70-2014 [New Section after 547.9(D)]

Submitter Information Verification Panel 5 Agenda Page 131 4462 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

Submitter Full Name: Thomas Overman Organization: Electric Power Research Institute Affilliation: IEEE P1695 Stray Voltage document team Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Aug 06 17:10:18 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4100-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.28(A) ]

(A) Material. Main bonding jumpers and system bonding jumpers shall be of copper or other a corrosion-resistant conducting material suitable for the environment . A main bonding jumper and a system bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

A simple internet search on: “What will corrode copper?” will reveal that copper can be destroyed by battery acid at any automotive store, electric current and any form of salt water, acid core solder (without cleaning off / neutralizing the flux), sewer gas. Copper piping will fail fairly quickly by simply exceeding flow velocities of 5 ft/sec with water, 15 or so with air. I understand the need to provide enforceable text to inspectors but the bonding material is a significant safety consideration and the language should reflect the attention necessary to this detail.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Michael Anthony Organization: University of Michigan Affilliation: University of Michigan Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 07:03:28 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 308-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

NOTE: The following Public Input appeared as Hold (Rejected but held) in Public Comment No. 5-20 (Log #997) of the A2013 ROC (Second Draft Report) for NFPA 70 and per the Regs. at 4.4.8.3.1. The Technical Correlating Committee directs that this comment be reported as "Hold" in accordance with Section 4.4.6.2.2 of the NFPA Regulations Governing Committee Projects. The Comment does not relate to any specific Proposal and introduces material that has not had public review.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved 5-20.pdf 5-20 P5-80.pdf P5-80

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

See the Uploaded File for the Recommendation text.

Substantiation: 250.28(D)(1) delete space between (C) and period 250.30(A)(3)(a) delete space between (C) and period 250.52(A)(3) delete space between wi and thin 250.52(A)(7) use the same terminology for the same thing (see 250.52(A)(3)(1)) 250.64(B) delete parens in this sentence, delete space between PVC and comma

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: CC on NEC-AAC Organization: CC on National Electrical Code Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Feb 26 10:06:37 EST 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 134 28 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM Report on Comments – June 2013 NFPA 70 ______5-20 Log #997 NEC-P05 Final Action: Hold 0640114010910H1520128 (250.28, 250.52) ______TCC Action: The Technical Correlating Committee directs that this comment be reported as “Hold” in accordance with Section 4.4.6.2.2 of the NFPA Regulations Governing Committee Projects. The Comment does not relate to any specific Proposal and introduces material that has not had public review. Submitter: James F. Williams, Fairmont, WV Comment on Proposal No: 5-80 Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: 250.28 Main Bonding Jumper and System Bonding Jumper. (D)(1) General. Main bonding jumpers and system bonding jumpers shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C) . 250.30 Grounding Separately Derived Alternating-Current Systems. (A)(3)(a) Sizing for a Single Raceway. The grounded conductor shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C) . 250.52 Grounding Electrodes. (A)(3) Metallic components shall be encased by at least 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete and shall be located horizontally within that portion of a concrete foundation or footing that is in direct contact with the earth or within vertical foundations or structural components or members that are in direct contact with the earth. 250.52 Grounding Electrodes. (A)(7) Plate Electrodes. Each plate electrode shall expose not less than 0.186 m2 (2 ft2) of surface to exterior soil. Electrodes of bare or conductively electrically conductive coated iron or steel plates shall be at least 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) in thickness. 250.64 Grounding Electrode Conductor Installation. (B) Securing and Protection Against Physical Damage. Grounding electrode conductors smaller than 6 AWG shall be protected in (RMC), IMC, PVC , RTRC, (EMT), or cable armor. Substantiation: 250.28(D)(1) delete space between (C) and period 250.30(A)(3)(a) delete space between (C) and period 250.52(A)(3) delete space between wi and thin 250.52(A)(7) use the same terminology for the same thing (see 250.52(A)(3)(1)) 250.64(B) delete parens in this sentence, delete space between PVC and comma

Panel Meeting Action: Accept in Part Revise 250.52(A)(7) to read as follows: (A)(7) Plate Electrodes. Each plate electrode shall expose not less than 0.186 m 2 (2 ft2) of surface to exterior soil. Electrodes of bare or electrically conductive coated iron or steel plates shall be at least 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) in thickness. Panel Statement: The panel accepts the change to 250.52(A)(7). The panel rejects the rest of the proposed changes which are from errors in ROP draft. The ROP text is correct. Number Eligible to Vote: 16 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 16

Printed on 2/26/2014 1 Panel 5 Agenda Page 135 Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 ______5-80 Log #1924 NEC-P05 Final Action: Reject 054157M104840J112011H (250.28(D)(1)) ______Submitter: Thomas Guida, TJG Services, Inc. / Rep. CommScope Broadband Products Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: (1) General. Main bonding jumpers and system bonding jumpers shall not be smaller than the sizes shown in Table 250.66. Where the supply conductors are larger than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum, the bonding jumper shall have an area that is not less than 12 ½ percent of the area of the largest phase conductor except that, where the phase conductors and the bonding conductors are of different materials (copper, copper-clad steel or aluminum) the minimum size of the bonding jumper shall be based on the assumed use of phase conductors. Substantiation: Copper –clad steel conductors are manufactured specifically for use as grounding conductors. They have been widely and effectively used in utility applications. The IEEE Standard for Qualifying Permanent Connections Used in Substation Grounding (IEEE 837) includes testing for copper-clad steel. The UL 467 Standard for Grounding and Bonding Equipment includes provisions for copper-clad steel for grounding rod electrodes to be directly in contact with earth as permitted in 250.52(A)(5) of this code. Copper-clad steel conductors are stronger than copper or aluminum conductors. Copper-clad steel conductors are much less valuable as scrap and therefore much less likely to be stolen in systems where they may be exposed to the public. As with all grounding conductors, the major issue is the ability of the conductor to handle high fault currents. The attached fusing current tables for 40 and 30 percent conductivity copper-clad steel compared to copper demonstrate the ability of these conductors to withstand those currents. Also attached is a report that details the testing on which these tables are based. Note: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. Panel Meeting Action: Reject Panel Statement: See the panel action and statement on Proposal 5-79. Number Eligible to Vote: 16 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 16

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Public Input No. 4704-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.28(D)(2) ]

(2) Main Bonding Jumper for Service with More Than One Enclosure. Where a service consists of more than a single enclosure as permitted in 230.71(A), the main bonding jumper for a single main bonding jumper shall be installed ahead of the group of enclosures in a junction or tap box or metering enclosure to establish the grounded neutral to grounding connection. The grounded neutral terminal shall be insulated from the enclosure. All grounding conductors for each enclosure shall be sized in accordance with 250.28(D) (1) based on the largest ungrounded service conductor serving that enclosure.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Harry Simpson Organization: Americian Electric Power Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 14:38:34 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4008-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]

]

In addition to complying with 250.30(A) for grounded systems, or as provided in 250.30(B) for ungrounded systems, separately derived systems shall comply with 250.20, 250.21, 250.22, or 250.26, as applicable. Multiple separately derived systems that are connected in parallel shall be installed in accordance with 250.30. Informational Note No. 1: An alternate ac power source, such as an on-site generator set or generator , is not a separately derived system if the grounded conductor is solidly interconnected to a service-supplied system grounded conductor. An example of such a situation is where alternate source transfer equipment does not include a switching action in the grounded conductor and allows it to remain solidly connected to the service-supplied grounded conductor when the alternate source is operational and supplying the load served. Informational Note No. 2: See 445.13 for the minimum size of conductors that carry fault current.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The requirements of this point apply both to complete generators sets, which are more commonly installed now and to individual generators, which may still be installed occasionally. They are significantly different types of equipment and the distinction should be reflected in the Code language.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 19:07:27 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2175-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(A) ]

(A) Grounded Systems. A separately derived ac system that is grounded shall comply with 250.30(A) (1) through (A)(8). Except as otherwise permitted in this article, a grounded conductor shall not be connected to normally non–current- carrying metal parts of equipment, be connected to equipment grounding bonding conductors, or be reconnected to ground on the load side of the system bonding jumper. Informational Note: See 250.32 for connections at separate buildings or structures and 250.142 for use of the grounded circuit conductor for grounding bonding equipment. Exception: Impedance grounded neutral system grounding connections shall be made as specified in 250.36 or 250.187, as applicable. (1) System Bonding Jumper. An unspliced system bonding jumper shall comply with 250.28(A) through (D). This connection shall be made at any single point on the separately derived system from the source to the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device, or it shall be made at the source of a separately derived system that has no disconnecting means or overcurrent devices, in accordance with 250.30(A) (1)(a) or (b). The system bonding jumper shall remain within the enclosure where it originates. If the source is located outside the building or structure supplied, a system bonding jumper shall be installed at the grounding electrode connection in compliance with 250.30(C). Exception No. 1: For systems installed in accordance with 450.6, a single system bonding jumper connection to the tie point of the grounded circuit conductors from each power source shall be permitted. Exception No. 2: If a building or structure is supplied by a feeder from an outdoor transformer, a system bonding jumper at both the source and the first disconnecting means shall be permitted if doing so does not establish a parallel path for the grounded conductor. If a grounded conductor is used in this manner, it shall not be smaller than the size specified for the system bonding jumper but shall not be required to be larger than the ungrounded conductor(s). For the purposes of this exception, connection through the earth shall not be considered as providing a parallel path. Exception No. 3: The size of the system bonding jumper for a system that supplies a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 circuit, and is derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 volt-amperes, shall not be smaller than the derived ungrounded conductors and shall not be smaller than 14 AWG copper or 12 AWG aluminum.

(a) Installed at the Source. The system bonding jumper shall connect the grounded conductor to the supply-side bonding jumper and the normally non–current-carrying metal enclosure. (b) Installed at the First Disconnecting Means. The system bonding jumper shall connect the grounded conductor to the supply-side bonding jumper, the disconnecting means enclosure, and the equipment grounding bonding conductor(s).

(2) Supply-Side Bonding Jumper. If the source of a separately derived system and the first disconnecting means are located in separate enclosures, a supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed with the circuit conductors from the source enclosure to the first disconnecting means. A supply-side bonding jumper shall not be required to be larger than the derived ungrounded conductors. The supply-side bonding jumper shall be permitted to be of nonflexible metal raceway type or of the wire or bus type as follows:

(a) A supply-side bonding jumper of the wire type shall comply with 250.102(C), based on the size of the derived ungrounded conductors. (b) A supply-side bonding jumper of the bus type shall have a cross-sectional area not smaller than a supply-side bonding jumper of the wire type as determined in 250.102(C).

Exception: A supply-side bonding jumper shall not be required between enclosures for installations made in compliance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 2. (3) Grounded Conductor. If a grounded conductor is installed and the system bonding jumper connection is not located at the source, 250.30(A) (3)(a) through (A)(3)(d) shall apply. (a) Sizing for a Single Raceway. The grounded conductor shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C)(1) . (b) Parallel Conductors in Two or More Raceways. If the ungrounded conductors are installed in parallel in two or more raceways, the grounded conductor shall also be installed in parallel. The size of the grounded conductor in each raceway shall be based on the total circular mil area of the parallel derived Panel 5 Agenda Page 139 1057 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

ungrounded conductors in the raceway as indicated in 250.30(A) (3)(a), but not smaller than 1/0 AWG. Informational Note: See 310.10(H) for grounded conductors connected in parallel.

(c) Delta-Connected System. The grounded conductor of a 3-phase, 3-wire delta system shall have an ampacity not less than that of the ungrounded conductors. (d) Impedance Grounded System. The grounded conductor of an impedance grounded neutral system shall be installed in accordance with 250.36 or 250.187, as applicable.

(4) Grounding Electrode. The grounding electrode shall be as near as practicable to, and preferably in the same area as, the grounding electrode conductor connection to the system. The grounding electrode shall be the nearest of one of the following: (1) Metal water pipe grounding electrode as specified in 250.52(A) (1) (2) Structural metal grounding electrode as specified in 250.52(A) (2)

Exception No. 1: Any of the other electrodes identified in 250.52(A) shall be used if the electrodes specified by 250.30(A) (4) are not available. Exception No. 2 to (1) and (2): If a separately derived system originates in listed equipment suitable for use as service equipment, the grounding electrode used for the service or feeder equipment shall be permitted as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system. Informational Note No. 1: See 250.104(D) for bonding requirements for interior metal water piping in the area served by separately derived systems. Informational Note No. 2: See 250.50 and 250.58 for requirements for bonding all electrodes together if located at the same building or structure. (5) Grounding Electrode Conductor, Single Separately Derived System. A grounding electrode conductor for a single separately derived system shall be sized in accordance with 250.66 for the derived ungrounded conductors. It shall be used to connect the grounded conductor of the derived system to the grounding electrode as specified in 250.30(A) (4). This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the system bonding jumper is connected. Exception No. 1: If the system bonding jumper specified in 250.30(A) (1) is a wire or busbar, it shall be permitted to connect the grounding electrode conductor to the equipment grounding bonding terminal, bar, or bus, provided the equipment grounding bonding terminal, bar, or bus is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. Exception No. 2: If the source of a separately derived system is located within equipment listed and identified as suitable for use as service equipment, the grounding electrode conductor from the service or feeder equipment to the grounding electrode shall be permitted as the grounding electrode conductor for the separately derived system, provided that the grounding electrode conductor is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. If the equipment grounding bonding bus internal to the equipment is not smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor for the separately derived system, the grounding electrode connection for the separately derived system shall be permitted to be made to the bus. Exception No. 3: A grounding electrode conductor shall not be required for a system that supplies a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 circuit and is derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 volt-amperes, provided the grounded conductor is bonded to the transformer frame or enclosure by a jumper sized in accordance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 3, and the transformer frame or enclosure is grounded by one of the means specified in 250.134. (6) Grounding Electrode Conductor, Multiple Separately Derived Systems. A common grounding electrode conductor for multiple separately derived systems shall be permitted. If installed, the common grounding electrode conductor shall be used to connect the grounded conductor of the separately derived systems to the grounding electrode as specified in 250.30(A) (4). A grounding electrode conductor tap shall then be installed from each separately derived system to the common grounding electrode conductor. Each tap conductor shall connect the grounded conductor of the separately derived system to the common grounding electrode conductor. This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the system bonding jumper is connected. Exception No. 1: If the system bonding jumper specified in 250.30(A) (1) is a wire or busbar, it shall be permitted to connect the grounding electrode conductor tap to the equipment grounding bonding terminal, bar, or bus, provided the equipment grounding bonding terminal, bar, or bus is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. Exception No. 2: A grounding electrode conductor shall not be required for a system that supplies a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 circuit and is derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 volt-amperes, provided the system grounded conductor is bonded to the transformer frame or enclosure by a jumper sized in accordance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 3, and the transformer frame or enclosure is grounded by one of the means specified in 250.134. Panel 5 Agenda Page 140 1058 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

(a) Common Grounding Electrode Conductor. The common grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be one of the following:

(2) A conductor of the wire type not smaller than 3/0 AWG copper or 250 kcmil aluminum (3) The metal frame of the building or structure that complies with 250.52(A) (2) or is connected to the grounding electrode system by a conductor that shall not be smaller than 3/0 AWG copper or 250 kcmil aluminum

(d) Tap Conductor Size. Each tap conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.66 based on the derived ungrounded conductors of the separately derived system it serves. Exception: If the source of a separately derived system is located within equipment listed and identified as suitable for use as service equipment, the grounding electrode conductor from the service or feeder equipment to the grounding electrode shall be permitted as the grounding electrode conductor for the separately derived system, provided that the grounding electrode conductor is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. If the equipment

grounding bonding bus internal to the equipment is not smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor for the separately derived system, the grounding electrode connection for the separately derived system shall be permitted to be made to the bus. (e) Connections. All tap connections to the common grounding electrode conductor shall be made at an accessible location by one of the following methods:

(6) A connector listed as grounding and bonding equipment.

(7) Listed connections to aluminum or copper busbars not smaller than 6 mm × 50 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 in. × 2 in.). If aluminum busbars are used, the installation shall comply with 250.64(A) . (8) The exothermic welding process.

Tap conductors shall be connected to the common grounding electrode conductor in such a manner that the common grounding electrode conductor remains without a splice or joint. (7) Installation. The installation of all grounding electrode conductors shall comply with 250.64(A), (B), (C), and (E). (8) Bonding. Structural steel and metal piping shall be connected to the grounded conductor of a separately derived system in accordance with 250.104(D).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The term “equipment grounding conductor” is a misnomer even though it has been in use for many many years. Although it is a grounded conductor in normal practice for grounded systems, the idea that grounding makes a system safe and prevents an electrical shock is inherently false. Connecting a conductor from metallic equipment “likely to become energized” to the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Panel 5 Agenda Page 141 1059 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 17:02:51 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3283-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(A)(1) ]

(1) System Bonding Jumper. An unspliced system bonding jumper shall comply with 250.28(A) through (D). This connection shall be made at any single point on the separately derived system from the source to the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device, or it shall be made at the source of a separately derived system that has no disconnecting means or overcurrent devices, in accordance with 250.30(A) (1)(a) or (b). The system bonding jumper shall remain within the enclosure where it originates. If the source is located outside the building or structure supplied, a system bonding jumper shall be installed at the grounding electrode connection in compliance with 250.30(C). Exception No. 1: For systems installed in accordance with 450.6, a single system bonding jumper connection to the tie point of the grounded circuit conductors from each power source shall be permitted. Exception No. 2: If a building or structure is supplied by a feeder from an outdoor transformer separately derived system , a system bonding jumper at both the source and the first disconnecting means shall be permitted if doing so does not establish a parallel path for the grounded conductor. If a grounded conductor is used in this manner, it shall not be smaller than the size specified for the system bonding jumper but shall not be required to be larger than the ungrounded conductor(s). For the purposes of this exception, connection through the earth shall not be considered as providing a parallel path. Exception No. 3: The size of the system bonding jumper for a system that supplies a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 circuit, and is derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 volt-amperes, shall not be smaller than the derived ungrounded conductors and shall not be smaller than 14 AWG copper or 12 AWG aluminum.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There are many separately derived systems such as: Fuel cells, hydrogen, engine, wind and water generators, PV systems, flywheels, Batteries and transformers to name a few. This next text would better serve all types of separately derived systems and treat them equally.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Alfio Torrisi Organization: Master electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 19:43:39 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1103-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(A)(1) ]

(1) System Bonding Jumper. An unspliced system bonding jumper shall comply with 250.28(A) through (D). This connection shall be made at any single point on the separately derived system from the source to the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device, or it shall be made at the source of a separately derived system that has no disconnecting means or overcurrent devices, in accordance with 250.30(A) (1)(a) or (b). The system bonding jumper shall remain within the enclosure where it originates. If the source is located outside the building or structure supplied, a system bonding jumper shall be installed at the grounding electrode connection in compliance with 250.30(C). Exception No. 1: For systems installed in accordance with 450.6, a single system bonding jumper connection to the tie point of the grounded circuit conductors from each power source shall be permitted. Exception No. 2: If a building or structure is supplied by a feeder from an outdoor transformer, generator, or other power production source a system bonding jumper at both the source and the first disconnecting means shall be permitted if doing so does not establish a parallel path for the grounded conductor. If a grounded conductor is used in this manner, it shall not be smaller than the size specified for the system bonding jumper but shall not be required to be larger than the ungrounded conductor(s). For the purposes of this exception, connection through the earth shall not be considered as providing a parallel path. Exception No. 3: The size of the system bonding jumper for a system that supplies a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 circuit, and is derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 volt-amperes, shall not be smaller than the derived ungrounded conductors and shall not be smaller than 14 AWG copper or 12 AWG aluminum.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The requirement of this section should not be limited to a transformer located outside the building. Other sections such as 250.30(C) reference an "Outdoor source". The rule to allow a system bonding jumper at the source of a separately derived system when the source is outside and the first disconnecting means is not restricted to transformers . This change would also correlate with 250.35(A). This change would also make it clear that "250.30(A)(2)(b) exception" also applies to a generator installation.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Lawrence Forshner Organization: Bard, Rao + Athanas Consulting Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Aug 21 13:16:25 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 572-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(A)(4) ]

(1) Metal water pipe grounding electrode as specified in 250.52(A) (1) (2) Structural metal grounding electrode as specified in 250.52(A) (2) Exception No. 1: Any of the other electrodes identified in 250.52(A) shall be used if the electrodes specified by 250.30(A) (4) are not available present . Exception No. 2 to (1) and (2): If a separately derived system originates in listed equipment suitable for use as service equipment, the grounding electrode used for the service or feeder equipment shall be permitted as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system. Informational Note No. 1: See 250.104(D) for bonding requirements for interior metal water piping in the area served by separately derived systems. Informational Note No. 2: See 250.50 and 250.58 for requirements for bonding all electrodes together if located at the same building or structure.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The language here for grounding electrodes for separately derived systems needs to match the updated language (2005 NEC) at 250.50. In this exception, to get to the “other” electrodes at 250.52(A), the metal water piping and the structural metal steel need to be “not available.” This language needs to reflect the same “present” language as 250.50.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: L. Keith Lofland Organization: IAEI Affilliation: None Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon May 12 17:00:31 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3471-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(A)(5) ]

(5) Grounding Electrode Conductor, Single Separately Derived System. A grounding electrode conductor for a single separately derived system shall be sized in accordance with 250.66 for the derived ungrounded conductors. It shall be used to connect the grounded conductor of the derived system to the grounding electrode as specified in 250.30(A) (4). This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the system bonding jumper is connected. Exception No. 1: If the system bonding jumper specified in 250.30(A) (1) is a wire or busbar, it shall be permitted to connect the grounding electrode conductor to the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus, provided if the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. Exception No. 2: If the source of a separately derived system is located within equipment listed and identified as suitable for use as service equipment, the grounding electrode conductor from the service or feeder equipment to the grounding electrode shall be permitted as the grounding electrode conductor for the separately derived system, provided that if the grounding electrode conductor is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. If the equipment grounding bus internal to the equipment is not smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor for the separately derived system, the grounding electrode connection for the separately derived system shall be permitted to be made to the bus. Exception No. 3: A grounding electrode conductor shall not be required for a system that supplies a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 circuit and is derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 volt-amperes, provided the grounded conductor is bonded to the transformer frame or enclosure by a jumper sized in accordance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 3, and the transformer frame or enclosure is grounded by one of the means specified in 250.134.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 10:18:45 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3472-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(A)(6) ]

(6) Grounding Electrode Conductor, Multiple Separately Derived Systems. A common grounding electrode conductor for multiple separately derived systems shall be permitted. If installed, the common grounding electrode conductor shall be used to connect the grounded conductor of the separately derived systems to the grounding electrode as specified in 250.30(A) (4). A grounding electrode conductor tap shall then be installed from each separately derived system to the common grounding electrode conductor. Each tap conductor shall connect the grounded conductor of the separately derived system to the common grounding electrode conductor. This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the system bonding jumper is connected. Exception No. 1: If the system bonding jumper specified in 250.30(A) (1) is a wire or busbar, it shall be permitted to connect the grounding electrode conductor tap to the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus, provided the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. Exception No. 2: A grounding electrode conductor shall not be required for a system that supplies a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 circuit and is derived from a transformer rated not more than 1000 volt-amperes, provided the system grounded conductor is bonded to the transformer frame or enclosure by a jumper sized in accordance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 3, and the transformer frame or enclosure is grounded by one of the means specified in 250.134.

(a) Common Grounding Electrode Conductor. The common grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be one of the following:

provided that if the grounding electrode conductor is of sufficient size for the separately derived system. If the equipment grounding bus internal to the equipment is not smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor for the separately derived system, the grounding electrode connection for the separately derived system shall be permitted to be made to the bus. (e) Connections. All tap connections to the common grounding electrode conductor shall be made at an accessible location by one of the following methods:

(6) A connector listed as grounding and bonding equipment.

Tap conductors shall be connected to the common grounding electrode conductor in such a manner that the common grounding electrode conductor remains without a splice or joint.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Public Input No. 3396-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(A)(6) ]

(a) Common Grounding Electrode Conductor. The common grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be one of the following:

(2) A conductor of the wire type not smaller than 3/0 AWG copper or 250 kcmil aluminum for less than 600v nominal and #2 copper/#1/0Al, stainless stel or other listed material for 601 to 1000V nominal systems (3) The metal frame of the building or structure that complies with 250.52(A) (2) or is connected to the grounding electrode system by a conductor that shall not be smaller than 3/0 AWG copper or 250 kcmil aluminum for less than 600V nominal systems and #2 Copper? #1/0 AL, stainless stell or other listed material for 601 to 1000V nominal systems

(e) Connections. All tap connections to the common grounding electrode conductor shall be made at an accessible location by one of the following methods:

(6) A connector listed as grounding and bonding equipment.

Tap conductors shall be connected to the common grounding electrode conductor in such a manner that the common grounding electrode conductor remains without a splice or joint.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

For a 600V or 480V system at 800A a 250 may make sense but a 125A we need a smaller ground for 1000v systems Panel 5 Agenda Page 148 1064 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 01:15:08 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4096-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.30(B)(2) ]

(2) Grounding Electrode. Except as permitted by 250.34 for portable and vehicle-mounted generator sets and generators, the grounding electrode shall comply with 250.30(A) (4).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Because packaged generator sets are complete pieces of equipment, carefully to UL2200 by nationally recognized testing laboratories with differing requirements for safe installations than field installed individual generators, the Code should be clear about the differences.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 05:15:00 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2374-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.32 ]

250.32 Buildings or Structures Supplied by a Feeder(s) or Branch Circuit(s). (A) Grounding Electrode. Building(s) or structure(s) supplied by feeder(s) or branch circuit(s) shall have a grounding electrode or grounding electrode system installed in accordance with Part III of Article 250. The grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be connected in accordance with 250.32(B) or (C). Where there is no existing grounding electrode, the grounding electrode(s) required in 250.50 shall be installed. Exception: A grounding electrode shall not be required where only a single branch circuit, including a multiwire branch circuit, supplies the building or structure and the branch circuit includes an equipment grounding bonding conductor for grounding bonding the normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment. (B) Grounded Systems. (1) Supplied by a Feeder or Branch Circuit. An equipment grounding bonding conductor, as described in 250.118, shall be run with the supply conductors and be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s). The equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be used for grounding or bonding of equipment, structures, or frames required to be grounded or bonded. The equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.122. Any installed grounded conductor shall not be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor or to the grounding electrode(s). Exception No. 1: For installations made in compliance with previous editions of this Code that permitted such connection, the grounded conductor run with the supply to the building or structure shall be permitted to serve as the ground-fault return path if all of the following requirements continue to be met:

(1) An equipment grounding bonding conductor is not run with the supply to the building or structure. (2) There are no continuous metallic paths bonded to the grounding system in each building or structure involved. (3) Ground-fault protection of equipment has not been installed on the supply side of the feeder(s).

If the grounded conductor is used for grounding bonding in accordance with the provision of this exception, the size of the grounded conductor shall not be smaller than the larger of either of the following:

(1) That required by 220.61 (2) That required by 250.122

Exception No. 2: If system bonding jumpers are installed in accordance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 2, the feeder grounded circuit conductor at the building or structure served shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductors, grounding electrode conductor, and the enclosure for the first disconnecting means. (2) Supplied by Separately Derived System.

(a) With Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with 250.32(B) (1). (b) Without Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is not provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with 250.30(A). If installed, the supply-side bonding jumper shall be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s).

(C) Ungrounded Systems. (1) Supplied by a Feeder or Branch Circuit. An equipment grounding conductor, as described in 250.118, shall be installed with the supply conductors and be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s). The grounding electrode(s) shall also be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means. (2) Supplied by a Separately Derived System.

(a) With Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with (C)(1). (b) Without Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is not provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with 250.30(B). If installed, the supply-side bonding jumper shall be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s). Panel 5 Agenda Page 151 1072 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

Public Input No. 1518-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.32 ]

250.32 Buildings or Structures Supplied by a Feeder(s) or Branch Circuit(s). (A) Grounding Electrode. Building(s) or structure(s) supplied by feeder(s) or branch circuit(s) shall have a grounding electrode or grounding electrode system installed in accordance with Part III of Article 250 . The grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be connected in accordance with 250.32(B) or (C). Where there is no existing grounding electrode, the grounding electrode(s) required in 250.50 shall be installed. Exception: A grounding electrode shall not be required where only a single branch circuit, including a multiwire branch circuit, supplies the building or structure and the branch circuit includes an equipment grounding conductor for grounding the normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment. (B) Grounded Systems. (1) Supplied by a Feeder or Branch Circuit. An equipment grounding conductor, as described in 250.118, shall be run with the supply conductors and be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s) . The equipment grounding conductor shall be used for grounding or bonding of equipment, structures, or frames required to be grounded or bonded. The equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.122. Any installed grounded conductor shall not be connected to the equipment grounding conductor or to the a grounding electrode(s). Exception No. 1: For installations made in compliance with previous editions of this Code that permitted such connection, the grounded conductor run with the supply to the building or structure shall be permitted to serve as the ground-fault return path if all of the following requirements continue to be met:

(1) An equipment grounding conductor is not run with the supply to the building or structure. (2) There are no continuous metallic paths bonded to the grounding system in each building or structure involved. (3) Ground-fault protection of equipment has not been installed on the supply side of the feeder(s).

If the grounded conductor is used for grounding in accordance with the provision of this exception, the size of the grounded conductor shall not be smaller than the larger of either of the following:

(1) That required by 220.61 (2) That required by 250.122

Exception No. 2: If system bonding jumpers are installed in accordance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 2, the feeder grounded circuit conductor at the building or structure served shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductors , grounding electrode conductor, and the enclosure for the first disconnecting means. (2) Supplied by Separately Derived System.

(C B) Ungrounded Systems. (1) Supplied by a Feeder or Branch Circuit. An equipment grounding conductor, as described in 250.118, shall be installed with the supply conductors and be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s) . The grounding electrode(s) shall also be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means. (2) Supplied by a Separately Derived System.

(a) With Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with (C)(1). (b) Without Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is not provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with 250.30(B). If installed, the supply-side bonding jumper shall be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s) . Panel 5 Agenda Page 152 1069 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

(D C) Disconnecting Means Located in Separate Building or Structure on the Same Premises. Where one or more disconnecting means supply one or more additional buildings or structures under single management, and where these disconnecting means are located remote from those buildings or structures in accordance with the provisions of 225.32, Exception No. 1 and No. 2, 700.12(B) (6), 701.12(B) (5), or 702.12, all of the following conditions shall be met:

(1) The connection of the grounded conductor to the a grounding electrode(s) , to normally non–current- carrying metal parts of equipment, or to the equipment grounding conductor at a separate building or structure shall not be made. (2) An equipment grounding conductor for grounding and bonding any normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, interior metal piping systems, and building or structural metal frames is run with the circuit conductors to a separate building or structure and connected to existing grounding electrode(s) required in Part III of this article, or, where there are no existing electrodes, the grounding electrode(s) required in Part III of this article shall be installed where a separate building or structure is supplied by more than one branch circuit . (3) The connection between the equipment grounding conductor and the grounding electrode at a separate building or structure shall be made in a junction box, panelboard, or similar enclosure located immediately inside or outside the separate building or structure.

(E) Grounding Electrode Conductor. The size of the grounding electrode conductor to the grounding electrode(s) shall not be smaller than given in 250.66 , based on the largest ungrounded supply conductor. The installation shall comply with Part III of this article.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This Public Input was developed by, and represents the majority view of, a Task Group assigned by the NEC Correlating Committee to address structures, including recreational vehicle (RV) pedestals and resolve issues with actions taken by Code-making Panel 19 on proposals and comments in the 2014 NEC cycle relative to comparing the definitions of “Structure” and “Building” regarding differences between “structures” and “equipment” for the purpose of requiring grounding electrodes as compared to installing optional or auxiliary electrodes. Members of the Task Group on Structures, including RV Pedestals for this Public Input included: Susan Newman-Scearce; Paul Dobrowsky; Greg Steinman; Malcolm Allison; William Pancake; Wade Elliott; Barry Bauman; Joseph Marquardt; Todd Stafford; and co-chairs Robert McCullough and Neil F. LaBrake, Jr.; including ad-hoc member Ron Chilton, CMP-19 Chair.

Historically conductors that supplied electric power to buildings or structures were all considered to be service conductors. Re-grounding the grounded conductor at each building or structure supplied was required just as it was for the service conductors supplying the "main building". Terminology and rules were changed to clarify that services were only supplied from utilities; everything else was either a feeder or branch circuit. Section 250.32 was revised in 2008 to only permit grounded conductors to be re-grounded in existing installations. An equipment grounding conductor was required to be installed to provide a fault current path and be connected to the grounding electrode(s) at the building or structure served.

Some buildings and structures are of considerable size. A panelboard or other equipment on or within a building or structure that is supplied by a feeder or branch circuit does not require a grounding electrode system. Consider equipment mounted on the outside of a building 1000 feet from the service or equipment installed on the rooftop of a building. If a feeder is run to a building or structure that is not part of the initial building or structure, possibly inches or feet away, now a grounding electrode system is required at the supplied building or structure. No differentiation is made regarding whether the building or structure is supplied by overhead versus underground conductors or what distance is involved.

Also the same situation would exist for branch circuit supplying equipment located externally to a building or structure such as air-conditioning units, pumps, or even other structures. If a local earth connection is necessary for a feeder then why not for a branch circuit. No proposals have been submitted to require a local electrode for Branch Circuits due to shock hazards.

The NEC is not a lightning protection standard. Requiring a grounding electrode (s) to be connected to the equipment grounding conductor or supply side bonding jumper at a separate building or structure is not consistent regarding feeders and branch circuits related to the purpose of grounding.

A ground rod or two, which are often installed as the electrodes, will not provide sufficient protection from step and touch potentials. Based on information in IEEE 80 Annex A, a shock hazard would likely exist if the equipment grounding conductor continuity was compromised even with two ground rods located at the supplied equipment.

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Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Neil LaBrake Organization: National Grid Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 03 11:32:46 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4324-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 250.32(A), 250.32(B), 250.32(C),

250.32(D), 250.32... ]

Sections 250.32(A), 250.32(B), 250.32(C), 250.32(D), 250.32(E) ( A) Grounding Electrode. Building(s) or structure(s) supplied by feeder(s) or branch circuit(s) shall have a grounding electrode or grounding electrode system installed in accordance with Part III of Article 250 . The grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be connected in accordance with 250.32( B) or (C). Where there is no existing grounding electrode, the grounding electrode(s) required in 250.50 shall be installed. Exception: A grounding electrode shall not be required where only a single branch circuit, including a multiwire branch circuit, supplies the building or structure and the branch circuit includes an equipment grounding conductor for grounding the normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment. (B) Grounded Systems. (1) Supplied by a Feeder or Branch Circuit. An equipment grounding conductor, as described in 250.118, shall be run with the supply conductors and be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s) . The equipment grounding conductor shall be used for grounding or bonding of equipment, structures, or frames required to be grounded or bonded. The equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.122. Any installed grounded conductor shall not be connected to the equipment grounding conductor or to the a grounding electrode(s). Exception No. 1: For installations made in compliance with previous editions of this Code that permitted such connection, the grounded conductor run with the supply to the building or structure shall be permitted to serve as the ground-fault return path if all of the following requirements continue to be met:

If the grounded conductor is used for grounding in accordance with the provision of this exception, the size of the grounded conductor shall not be smaller than the larger of either of the following:

(1) That required by 220.61 (2) That required by 250.122

Exception No. 2: If system bonding jumpers are installed in accordance with 250.30(A) (1), Exception No. 2, the feeder grounded circuit conductor at the building or structure served shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductors, grounding electrode conductor, and the enclosure for the first disconnecting means. (2) Supplied by Separately Derived System.

(C) Ungrounded Systems. (1) Supplied by a Feeder or Branch Circuit. An equipment grounding conductor, as described in 250.118, shall be installed with the supply conductors and be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s) . The grounding electrode(s) shall also be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means. (2) Supplied by a Separately Derived System.

(a) With Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with (C)(1). (b) Without Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is not provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with 250.30(B). If installed, the supply-side bonding jumper shall Panel 5 Agenda Page 155 1079 of 5603 11/18/2014 2:46 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentParam...

be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s) .

(D) Disconnecting Means Located in Separate Building or Structure on the Same Premises. Where one or more disconnecting means supply one or more additional buildings or structures under single management, and where these disconnecting means are located remote from those buildings or structures in accordance with the provisions of 225.32, Exception No. 1 and No. 2, 700.12(B) (6), 701.12(B) (5), or 702.12, all of the following conditions shall be met: (1) The connection of the grounded conductor to the a grounding electrode, to normally non–current- carrying metal parts of equipment, or to the equipment grounding conductor at a separate building or structure shall not be made. (2) An equipment grounding conductor for grounding and bonding any normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, interior metal piping systems, and building or structural metal frames is run with the circuit conductors to a separate building or structure and connected to existing grounding electrode(s) required in Part III of this article, or, where there are no existing electrodes, the grounding electrode(s) required in Part III of this article shall be installed where a separate building or structure is supplied by more than one branch circuit. (3) The connection between the equipment grounding conductor and the grounding electrode at a separate building or structure shall be made in a junction box, panelboard, or similar enclosure located immediately inside or outside the separate building or structure.

(1) structure (2)

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Delete the language that requires the equipment grounding conductor to be grounded at the building or structure supplied.

I participated in a task group that was working to resolve an issue of whether a power outlet installed at an RV park or marina was required to have a grounding electrode(s) installed at the power outlet. Previously CMP 19 had inferred that a grounding electrode(s) was required because the power outlet (RV pedestal) was a structure therefore it was required by 250.32, unless it was only a branch circuit. During discussions within the task group the reasons of whether an electrode was necessary or not was deliberated. Reasons stated were that the electrode was necessary for lightning events, step and touch potential, if the equipment grounding conductor continuity was interrupted.

A member of CMP 19 whose business is focused on RV parks conservatively estimates that only 3 to 5 % of power outlets in RV parks in the US have an electrode. If I remember correctly this translates to over a million sites. Another member of the TG and former member of CMP19 stated that none of the power outlets in his area have an electrode. Individuals at UL and the NFPA research foundation are not aware of any incidents related to power outlets due to this lack of grounding. Researching documentation for previous NEC editions in an attempt to discover reasons for grounding at separate buildings or structures proved very interesting. Historically all buildings that were supplied with power were considered to be supplied by a service. An exception was added permitting a separate branch circuit to a building without a connection to ground. The reason stated was for agricultural buildings but that limitation was not included in the new language. Over time rules and terminology were changed to clarify that services only exist if power is supplied from a utility.

Until 2008 it was permitted to re-ground the grounded conductor. Since that edition it is the equipment grounding conductor that is connected to ground at the building or structure supplied. This also creates a question as to why that is necessary. In large buildings or structure circuits can be run for considerable distance within or on the building yet no requirement exists for re-grounding the equipment grounding conductor. Equipment supplied can be in or on the building or even on the roof. If conductors leave the building, even for a short distance, the equipment grounding conductor is required to be re-grounded. Unless of course it is only a branch circuit.

So if CMP5 believes that it is still necessary to reground feeders yet not reground branch circuits then it seems a reason be provided for that.

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Submitter Full Name: Paul Dobrowsky Organization: Self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 19:25:54 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3931-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.32(A) ]

(A) Grounding Electrode. Building(s) or structure(s) supplied by feeder(s) or branch circuit(s) shall have a grounding electrode or grounding electrode system installed in accordance with Part III of Article 250. The grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be connected in accordance with 250.32(B) or (C). Where there is no existing grounding electrode, the grounding electrode(s) required in 250.50 shall be installed. Exception No. 1 : A grounding electrode shall not be required where only a single branch circuit, including a multiwire branch circuit, supplies the building or structure and the branch circuit includes an equipment grounding conductor for grounding the normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment. Exception No. 2: Listed and labeled freestanding electrical equipment that is connected to an equipment grounding conductor, as described in 250.118 and not identified as service equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Statement of Problem and Substantiation Based on the ROP 1-65 panel statement from CMP1 for the 2014 NEC, “Freestanding electrical equipment is a structure.” Without this exception, an AHJ could require a grounding electrode identified in Section 250.52 to be installed at listed and labeled freestanding electrical equipment such as electric vehicle supply equipment as well as power outlets intended to supply power to; a mobile home; a recreational vehicle and shore power to boats.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JEFFREY FECTEAU Organization: UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES LLC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 16:00:24 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1131-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.32(A) ]

(A) Grounding Electrode. Building(s) or structure(s) supplied by feeder(s) or branch circuit(s) shall have a grounding electrode or grounding electrode system installed in accordance with Part III of Article 250. The grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be connected in accordance with 250.32(B) or (C). Where there is no existing grounding electrode, the grounding electrode(s) required in 250.50 shall be installed. Exception No.1 : A grounding electrode shall not be required where only a single branch circuit, including a multiwire branch circuit, supplies the building or structure and the branch circuit includes an equipment grounding conductor for grounding the normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment. Exception No. 2: A mobile home’s grounding electrode system is located at the mobile home’s service equipment. This mobile home, noted being a separate structure of the service, shall not require an additional grounding electrode system at the mobile home. Information Note: See 550.32(A) for more information.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

250.32(A) tells us “Building(s) or structure(s) supplied by a feeder or branch circuit(s) shall have a grounding electrode or grounding electrode system installed in accordance with Part III of Article 250. The grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.32(B) or (C) “

250.32(B) tells us “The equipment grounding conductor shall be used for grounding or bonding equipment, structures, or frames required to be grounded or bonded.”

550.32(A) tells us “The mobile home service equipment shall be located adjacent to the mobile home and not mounted in or on the mobile home. The service equipment shall be located in sight from and not more than 9.0 m (30’) from the exterior wall of the mobile home it serves. The service equipment shall be permitted to be located elsewhere on the premises, provided that a disconnecting means suitable for use as service equipment is located within sight from and not more than 9.0 m (30’) from the exterior wall of the mobile home it serves and is rated not less than that required for service equipment in accordance with 550.32(C). Grounding at the disconnecting means shall be in accordance with 250.32.”

The way the NEC is written, a grounding electrode system is required at the service (250.24(D)). In this case, that grounding electrode system is adjacent to but not mounted to the mobile home. In addition to the service’s grounding electrode system, a grounding electrode system must be established at the mobile home (250.32(A)). Likely, this system would consist of 2 ground rods (250.53(A)(2)) (One ground rod according to some. The grounding electrode of one building or structure supplements the grounding electrode of another building or structure).

Others disagree with me on the NEC requiring an added grounding electrode system at the mobile home. I’m told (not quote for quote) the grounding electrode system is established at the service. Faults of the mobile home are carried by the grounding conductor of the supply cord mentioned in 550.16. The service is 30’ or less from the mobile home. No additional grounding electrode system is necessary. This is logical but with present NEC text, two grounding electrode systems are required for a mobile home with a detached service. I can be persuaded that the one grounding electrode system located at the service is adequate and no additional grounding electrode system is necessary. However, I would like the NEC to read this way if it is the intent of the NEC.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Norman Feck Organization: State of Colorado Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Aug 26 20:11:42 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4613-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.32(A) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Based on the ROP 1-65 panel statement from CMP1 for the 2014 NEC, “Freestanding electrical equipment is a structure.” Without this exception, an AHJ could require a grounding electrode identified in Section 250.52 to be installed at listed and labeled freestanding electrical equipment such as electric vehicle supply equipment as well as power outlets intended to supply power to; a mobile home; a recreational vehicle and shore power to boats.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JEFF SIMPSON Organization: Jade Learning Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 11:34:41 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3355-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.32(B)(2) ]

(2) Supplied by Separately Derived System.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This added text is necessary to ensure the installation is made properly if the source of a separately derived system is outdoors.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 22:12:13 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3357-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.32(C)(2) ]

(2) Supplied by a Separately Derived System.

(a) With Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with (C)(1). (b) Without Overcurrent Protection. If overcurrent protection is not provided where the conductors originate, the installation shall comply with 250.30(B). If installed, the supply-side bonding jumper shall be connected to the building or structure disconnecting means and to the grounding electrode(s). (c) Outdoor Source. If the source of the separately derived system is outdoors, the installation shall comply with 250.30(C).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The reference to 250.30(C) is needed if the source of the separately derived system is outdoors as that is the section that covers such installations.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 22:16:42 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4011-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.34 ]

250.34 Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generator sets and Generators. (A) Portable Generators Generator sets . The frame of a portable generator set shall not be required to be connected to a grounding electrode as defined in 250.52 for a system supplied by supplied under the generator under the following conditions:

(1) The generator set supplies only equipment mounted on the generator set , cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the generator set , or both, and (2) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame set frame .

(B) Vehicle-Mounted Generator sets and Generators. The frame of a vehicle shall not be required to be connected to a grounding electrode as defined in 250.52 for a system supplied by a generator located set or generator located on this vehicle under the following conditions:

(1) The frame of the generator is set or generator is bonded to the vehicle frame, and (2) The generator supplies It supplies only equipment located on the vehicle or cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle, or both equipment located on the vehicle and cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle or on the generator set , and (3) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

(C) Grounded Conductor Bonding. A system conductor that is required to be grounded by 250.26 shall be connected to the generator set frame where the generator set is a component of a separately derived system. Informational Note: For grounding portable generators supplying fixed wiring systems, see 250.30.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

A packaged generator set is significantly different from an individual generator in its construction, the process that is used to evaluated for listing under UL2200 and in the appropriate requirements for its safe installation. As an installation standard the Code need to make note of those differences and accurately reflect them in the numerous requirements it includes for their respective installations.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 19:17:08 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3252-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.34 ]

250.34 Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Portable Generators. (A) Portable Generators. The frame of a portable generator shall not be required to be connected to a grounding electrode as defined in 250.52 for a system supplied by the generator under the following conditions:

(1) The generator supplies only equipment mounted on the generator, cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the generator, or both, and (2) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

(B) Vehicle-Mounted Generators. The frame of a vehicle shall not be required to be connected to a grounding electrode as defined in 250.52 for a system supplied by a generator located on this vehicle under the following conditions:

(1) The frame of the The generator is bonded to the vehicle the frame, and (2) The generator supplies only equipment located on the vehicle frame or cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle frame , or both equipment located on the vehicle frame and cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle frame or on the generator, and (3) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

(C A) Grounded Conductor Bonding. A system conductor that is required to be grounded by 250.26 shall be connected to the generator frame where the generator is a component of a separately derived system. Informational Note: For grounding portable generators supplying fixed wiring systems, see 250.30.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Nowhere in the NEC is a generator referred to as Vehicle mounted. This change would bring this section in line with the common term portable, which is the term used in Article 590, 702, and 445

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Alfio Torrisi Organization: Master electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 17:57:56 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2176-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.34 ]

250.34 Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators. (A) Portable Generators. The frame of a portable generator shall not be required to be connected to a grounding electrode as defined in 250.52 for a system supplied by the generator under the following conditions:

(1) The generator supplies only equipment mounted on the generator, cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the generator, or both, and (2) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding bonding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

(1) The frame of the generator is bonded to the vehicle frame, and (2) The generator supplies only equipment located on the vehicle or cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle, or both equipment located on the vehicle and cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle or on the generator, and (3) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding bonding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

(C) Grounded Conductor Bonding. A system conductor that is required to be grounded by 250.26 shall be connected to the generator frame where the generator is a component of a separately derived system. Informational Note: For grounding portable generators supplying fixed wiring systems, see 250.30.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 17:13:09 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1277-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.34 ]

(1) The generator supplies only equipment mounted on the generator, cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the generator, or both, or the generator is isolated from the earth and supplies power exclusively to portable wiring and equipment in compliance with Article 530, and (2) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

(1) The frame of the generator is bonded to the vehicle frame, and (2) The generator supplies only equipment located on the vehicle or cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle, or both equipment located on the vehicle and cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle or on the generator, or the generator and vehicle are isolated from the earth and supplies power exclusively to portable wiring and equipment in compliance with Article 530, and (3) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The motion picture industry employs trained, qualified persons to install all of their wiring and equipment. This wiring and equipment is used on a temporary basis for production purposes only, and is never unattended while energized. When the generator is the sole source of power for this equipment, it makes no difference in safety whether the equipment is plugged into receptacles mounted "directly" on the generator, or into receptacles mounted "remotely" from the generator; provided that all requiremnets of 250.34(B) are met, especiallly 250.34(B)(3) which requires equipment grounding/bonding all the way back to the generator frame which is bonded to the vehicle. The motion picture industry frequently sets up and strikes their equipment at multiple locations during the course of a single day. Drilling holes in concrete to drive ground rods requires advanced notification to avoid underground utilities and provides no additional electrical safety. The fact is they isolate the generator from contact with the earth (rubber wheels, wood blocks under the tongue support, safety chains secured to the tongue and not in contact with the earth), do NOT drive ground rods and they do NOT run a grounding electrode conductor for their single generator setups! There are are no recorded incidents with the I.A.T.S.E. Studio Electrical Lighting Technicians, Local 728 (Los Angeles County jurisdiction), of problems with generators grounded as proposed. This proposal will bring the code language into line with the safe, practical application of generator grounding for the motion picture industry.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: EDWARD MITCHELL Organization: LOS ANGELES CITY OF Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 15 16:23:35 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3029-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.34(B) ]

(B) Vehicle-Mounted Generators and Generator Sets . The frame of a vehicle shall not be required to be connected to a grounding electrode as defined in 250.52 for a system supplied by a generator located or generator set located on this vehicle under the following conditions:

(1) The frame of the generator is bonded to the vehicle frame, and (2) The generator supplies only equipment located on the vehicle or cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle, or both equipment located on the vehicle and cord-and-plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle or on the generator, and (3) The normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are connected to the generator frame.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The terms generator and generator set appear over twenty times in numerous articles of the Code. Although they are significantly different, they are often used interchangeably and with limited clarity as to which type of equipment a particular requirement is supposed to address. The requirements for this section can apply both to generators driven by a vehicle's engine and to complete generator sets which may be carried on or mounted to the vehicle. Those distinctions should be clearly stated to guard against confusion.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 3413-NFPA 70-2014 [New Definition after Definition: Garage.]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Nov 02 06:44:06 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3032-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.35 ]

250.35 Permanently Installed Generator Sets and Generators. A conductor that provides an effective ground-fault current path shall be installed with the supply conductors from a permanently installed generator (s) set or generator to the first disconnecting mean(s) in accordance with (A) or (B). (A) Separately Derived System. If the generator is set or generator is installed as a separately derived system, the requirements in 250.30 shall apply. (B) Nonseparately Derived System. If the generator set or generator is installed as a nonseparately derived system, and overcurrent protection is not integral with the generator set or generator assembly, a supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed between the generator equipment grounding terminal and the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus of the disconnecting mean(s). It shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) based on the size of the conductors supplied by the generator.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The terms generator and generator set appear over twenty times in numerous articles of the Code. Although they are significantly different, they are often used interchangeably and with limited clarity as to which type of equipment are particular requirement is supposed to address. The various requirements for this section can apply both to generators driven by a vehicle's engine and to generator sets which may be carried on or mounted to the vehicle. Those distinctions should be clearly stated to guard against confusion.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 3413-NFPA 70-2014 [New Definition after Definition: Garage.]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Nov 02 08:16:24 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3033-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.35(A) ]

(A) Separately Derived System. If the generator set or a generator is installed as a separately derived system, the requirements in 250.30 shall apply.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The terms generator and generator set appear over twenty times in numerous articles of the Code. Although they are significantly different, they are often used interchangeably and with limited clarity as to which type of equipment a particular requirement is supposed to address. While the requirements of this section will more often be applied to complete generator sets, they can also be applied to individual generators and the distinction should be maintained.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Nov 02 08:22:21 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3035-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.35(B) ]

(B) Nonseparately Derived System. If the generator set or generator is installed as a nonseparately derived system, and overcurrent protection is not integral with the generator assembly, a supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed between the generator equipment grounding terminal and the equipment grounding terminal, bar, or bus of the disconnecting mean(s). It shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) based on the size of the conductors supplied by the generator.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The terms generator and generator set appear over twenty times in numerous articles of the Code. Although they are significantly different, they are often used interchangeably and with limited clarity as to which type of equipment a particular requirement is supposed to address. Going forward, the requirements for this section will probably mostly be applied to complete generator sets rather than individual generators but those distinctions should be clearly stated to guard against confusion.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Nov 02 08:26:47 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2159-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.35(B) ]

(B) Nonseparately Derived System. If the generator is installed as a nonseparately derived system, and overcurrent protection is not integral with the generator assembly, a supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed between the generator equipment grounding bonding terminal and the equipment grounding bonding terminal, bar, or bus of the disconnecting mean(s). It shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) based on the size of the conductors supplied by the generator.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 15:58:12 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2177-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36 ]

250.36 High-Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems. High-impedance grounded neutral systems in which a grounding impedance, usually a resistor, limits the ground-fault current to a low value shall be permitted for 3-phase ac systems of 480 volts to 1000 volts if all the following conditions are met:

(1) The conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation. (2) Ground detectors are installed on the system. (3) Line-to-neutral loads are not served.

High-impedance grounded neutral systems shall comply with the provisions of 250.36(A) through (G). (A) Grounding Impedance Location. The grounding impedance shall be installed between the grounding electrode conductor and the system neutral point. If a neutral point is not available, the grounding impedance shall be installed between the grounding electrode conductor and the neutral point derived from a grounding transformer. (B) Grounded System Conductor. The grounded system conductor from the neutral point of the transformer or generator to its connection point to the grounding impedance shall be fully insulated. The grounded system conductor shall have an ampacity of not less than the maximum current rating of the grounding impedance but in no case shall the grounded system conductor be smaller than 8 AWG copper or 6 AWG aluminum or copper-clad aluminum. (C) System Grounding Connection. The system shall not be connected to ground except through the grounding impedance. Informational Note: The impedance is normally selected to limit the ground-fault current to a value slightly greater than or equal to the capacitive charging current of the system. This value of impedance will also limit transient overvoltages to safe values. For guidance, refer to criteria for limiting transient overvoltages in ANSI/IEEE 142-2007, Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. (D) Neutral Point to Grounding Impedance Conductor Routing. The conductor connecting the neutral point of the transformer or generator to the grounding impedance shall be permitted to be installed in a separate raceway from the ungrounded conductors. It shall not be required to run this conductor with the phase conductors to the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device. (E) Equipment Bonding Jumper. The equipment bonding jumper (the connection between the equipment grounding bonding conductors and the grounding impedance) shall be an unspliced conductor run from the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device to the grounded side of the grounding impedance. (F) Grounding Electrode Conductor Connection Location. For services or separately derived systems, the grounding electrode conductor shall be connected at any point from the grounded side of the grounding impedance to the equipment grounding bonding connection at the service equipment or the first system disconnecting means of a separately derived system. (G) Equipment Bonding Jumper Size. The equipment bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with (1) or (2) as follows:

(1) If the grounding electrode conductor connection is made at the grounding impedance, the equipment bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with 250.66, based on the size of the service entrance conductors for a service or the derived phase conductors for a separately derived system. (2) If the grounding electrode conductor is connected at the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device, the equipment bonding jumper shall be sized the same as the neutral conductor in 250.36(B).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 17:17:43 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3090-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

High-impedance grounded neutral systems in which a grounding impedance, usually a resistor, limits the ground-fault current to a low value shall be permitted for 3-phase ac systems of 480 volts to 1000 2000 volts if all the following conditions are met:

High-impedance grounded neutral systems shall comply with the provisions of 250.36(A) through (G).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The revision is required to correlate with other proposed public input to raise the LV voltage limit to 2000V and allow the installation of high-impedance grounding to limit the system ground-fault current. Existing products indicate that conductors and equipment rated 2000 volts will have similar construction and wiring methods as traditional LV equipment. There are applications where the installation of a high-impedance system is beneficial and warrants the extension of this section to the LV voltage limit of 2000V.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2947-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 215.2(A)] CMP2/All PIs Public Input No. 3089-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] CMP5

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chad Kennedy Organization: Schneider Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 10:08:54 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3397-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36(B) ]

(B) Grounded System Conductor. The grounded system conductor from the neutral point of the transformer or generator to its connection point to the grounding impedance shall be fully insulated. The grounded system conductor shall have an ampacity of not less than the maximum current rating of the grounding impedance but in no case shall the grounded system conductor be smaller than 8 AWG copper or 6 AWG aluminum or copper-clad aluminum for less than 600v and #12copper/#10Al for 601 to 1000V systems .

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved table_4_max_let-thr.xlsx 3 phase transformer let through currents

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

as shown on the spread sheet and discussed in 430 310 240 the afc at 1000v is much smaller and the incident energy is less as compared to a 480v system so a large ground does not make sense if the phase conductors are small like a #10. grounds need to be equal to the phase conductors

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 01:22:41 EST 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 174 924 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM 3‐phase transformer let‐through AFC Levels Irated times 100 divided by %Z 3 phase secondary 1.50% 3% 4% 5% 6% 8% Kva Irated Maximum Isec Fault for various %Z 45 26 1732 866 650 520 433 325 75 43 2887 1443 1083 866 722 541 112.5 65 4330 2165 1624 1299 1083 812 150 87 5774 2887 2165 1732 1443 1083 225 130 8661 4330 3248 2598 2165 1624 300 173 11547 5774 4330 3464 2887 2165 500 289 19246 9623 7217 5774 4811 3609 750 433 28868 14434 10826 8661 7217 5413 1000 577 38491 19246 14434 11547 9623 7217 1200 693 23095 17321 13857 11547 8661 1500 866 28868 21651 17321 14434 10826 2000 1155 38491 28868 23095 19246 14434 2500 1443 48114 36085 28868 24057 18043

3000 1732 57737 43303 34642 28868 21651

5000 2887 96228 72171 57737 48114 36085

1.5

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Public Input No. 1874-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36(B) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This is a companion proposal to reword 250.36(D). (B) and (D) concern the exact same conductor except that the conductor is referred to differently in each section. (B) refers to this as the "grounded conductor," and (D) refers to it as "Neutral Point to Grounding Impedance Conductor." The latter is more accurate. In a 480 volt impedance grounded system, a solid ground fault on one of the phases will cause the neutral point of the transformer to be at 277 volts. This does not fit the conception of 'grounded' and could be quite dangerous for someone who expects a 'grounded' conductor to be essentially zero potential (while connected)

The proposal is to delete 250.36(B) in its entirety and to rewrite 250.36(D) to incorporate the principles of (B).

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1875-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.36(D)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ERIC STROMBERG Organization: STROMBERG ENGINEERING Affilliation: myself Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Oct 12 12:47:19 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4175-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36(C) ]

(C) System Grounding Connection. The system shall not be connected to ground except through the grounding impedance. Informational Note 1 : The impedance is normally selected to limit the ground-fault current to a value slightly greater than or equal to the capacitive charging current of the system. This value of impedance will also limit transient overvoltages to safe values. For guidance, refer to criteria for limiting transient overvoltages in ANSI/IEEE 142-2007, Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. Informational Note 2: Impedance grounding is recommended for power systems that require a high degree of reliability.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

When power distribution architectures of mission-critical industries are conveyed into other industries the result is increased safety and availability and reduced operations and maintenance cost. Resistance grounding methods have been slow to be adopted because Owners do not want to pay for the additional engineering necessary to make them workable. This proposal is intended to give new impetus to resistance grounding methods as the demand for reliability gathers pace.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Michael Anthony Organization: University of Michigan Affilliation: IEEE Educational & Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology Subcommittee Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 11:44:32 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2260-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36(C) ]

(C) System Grounding Connection. The system shall not be connected to ground except through the grounding impedance. Informational Note: The impedance is normally selected to limit the ground-fault current to a value slightly greater than or equal to the capacitive charging current of the system. This value of impedance will also limit transient overvoltages to safe values. For guidance, refer to criteria for limiting transient overvoltages in ANSI/IEEE 142 P3003.1 - 2007, Recommended Practice for the System Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

ANSI/IEEE 142 will be replaced with up to date guidance that will appear in P3003.1 - Recommended Practice for the System Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. A copy of this document will be made available to this committee through the IEEE Standards Association. The website for this documents development may be accessed at this link:

http://standards.ieee.org/develop/project/3003.1.html

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Michael Anthony Organization: University of Michigan Affilliation: IEEE I&CPS Education and Healthcare Facility Electrotechnology Committee Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 21 18:46:51 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4097-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36(D) ]

(D) Neutral Point to Grounding Impedance Conductor Routing. The conductor connecting the neutral point of the transformer or generator set or generator to the grounding impedance shall be permitted to be installed in a separate raceway from the ungrounded conductors. It shall not be required to run this conductor with the phase conductors to the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Modern generator sets, especially invertor based variable speed units, can be significantly different from traditional individual generators and the correct bonding point may not be directly a terminal on their internal alternators. To properly reflect those potential differences this article should clearly differentiate between the two types of equipment.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 06:18:40 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1875-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.36(D) ]

(D) Neutral Point to Grounding Impedance Conductor Routing . (1) Routing (a) The conductor connecting the neutral point of the transformer or generator to the grounding impedance shall be permitted to be installed in a separate raceway from the ungrounded conductors. It shall not be required to run this conductor with the phase conductors to the first system disconnecting means or overcurrent device. (2) Condutor (a) The conductor from the neutral point of the transformer or generator to its connection point to the grounding impedance shall be fully insulated. (b) The conductor shall have an ampacity of not less than the maximum current rating of the grounding impedance but in no case shall the conductor be smaller than 8 AWG copper or 6 AWG aluminum or copper-clad aluminum.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Currently, there are two parentheticals that deal with the same conductor, yet the conductor is referred to with different designations. I think it is dangerous to refer to this conductor as a 'grounded' conductor. I also think that this conductor should neither be white or green, but that it should be treated as a circuit conductor. This is because, as stated, during a ground fault condition on a 480 volt system, this conductor has a potential of 277 Volts. On a 4160 system, the potential is 2400 Volts. To say that this conductor is 'grounded' through the impedance would be the same as saying a 'phase,' or 'hot,' conductor is 'grounded' through the transformer winding.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1874-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.36(B)] combine sections

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ERIC STROMBERG Organization: STROMBERG ENGINEERING Affilliation: myself Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Oct 12 12:59:29 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3996-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.53(A)(1) ]

(1) Below Permanent Moisture Level Nonconductive Coatings . If practicable Rod , rod, pipe, and plate electrodes shall be embedded below permanent moisture level. Rod, pipe, and plate electrodes shall be free from nonconductive coatings such as paint or enamel.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Substantiation: The term “below permanent moisture level" should be deleted from this section since it is not defined by the NEC. In the field from inspectors to installers no one knows what this means term means. Some inspectors require ground rods to be outside of the "drip edge" of soffit overhangs because this is where the rain will create an area of the earth which is below the permanent moisture level this is even for electrodes that could be installed below slab within the basement of a building such as ground rods. Removing the "permanent moisture level wording will clarify that an electrode is complaint if installed as per is requisite code section. i.e.- ground rods installed in the earth to a depth of eight feet.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: robert meier Organization: NA Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 18:25:44 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3311-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.52(A)(2) ]

At least one structural metal member (2) Metal Frame of the Building or Structure . The metal frame of the building or structure that is connected to the earth by one or more of the following methods: Underground Supports. One or more metal piling or similar support object(s) that is in direct contact with the earth for 3.0 m (10 ft) or more, with or without concrete encasement. Hold-down bolts securing the structural steel column that are connected to a concrete-encased electrode that complies with 250.52(A) (3) and is located in the support footing or foundation. The hold-down bolts shall be connected to the concrete-encased electrode by welding, exothermic welding, the usual steel tie wires, or other approved means If more than one piling or support object is present at the building or structure, not more than one is required to be used .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In reality, metal frames of buildings or structures do not extend into the ground. Metal or concrete reinforced pilings or similar objects are either driven into the earth or a hole is bored and the structural support placed into the hole. Often, concrete is poured around the metal piling at or near the surface of the earth. Usually, the metal or concrete piling is capped where a transition is made from the piling to the metal frame of the building.

It is recognized that the definition of “Grounding Electrode” states it is “A conducting object through which a direct connection to earth is established.” As a result, a metal frame of a building or structure that is above ground cannot be a grounding electrode. It may function as a grounding electrode conductor by providing a conductive path to the grounding electrode. This conductive path is recognized by 250.68(C)(2).

If a metal frame of a building or structure is driven into the ground and extends above the ground for any length, a transition from grounding electrode to grounding electrode conductor is made at the point of emergence from the earth.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 3317-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.68(C)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 20:55:34 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2917-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.53(A)(2) ]

(2) Supplemental Electrode Required. A single rod, pipe, or plate electrode shall be supplemented by an additional electrode of a type specified in 250.52(A) (2) through (A)(8). The supplemental electrode shall be permitted to be bonded to one of the following:

(1) Rod, pipe, or plate electrode (2) Grounding electrode conductor (3) Grounded service-entrance conductor (4) Nonflexible grounded service raceway (5) Any grounded service enclosure

Exception: If a single rod, pipe, or plate grounding electrode has a resistance to earth of 25 ohms or less, the supplemental electrode shall not be required.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This is consistent with utility company requirements.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 3045-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.52(A)(3) ]

(3) Concrete-Encased Electrode. A concrete-encased electrode shall consist of at least 6.0 m (20 ft) of either (1) or (2):

1 (1) One or more bare or zinc galvanized or other electrically conductive coated steel reinforcing bars or rods of not less than 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) in diameter, installed in one continuous 6.0 m (20 ft) length, or if in multiple pieces connected together by the usual steel tie wires, exothermic welding, welding, or other effective means to create a resultant linear length of 6.0 m (20 ft) or greater length; or (2) Bare copper conductor not smaller than 4 AWG

Metallic components shall be encased by at least 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete and shall be located horizontally within that portion of a concrete foundation or footing that is in direct contact with the earth or within vertical foundations or structural components or members that are in direct contact with the earth. If multiple concrete-encased electrodes are present at a building or structure, it shall be permissible to bond only one into the grounding electrode system. Informational Note: Concrete installed with insulation, vapor barriers, films or similar items separating the concrete from the earth is not considered to be in “direct contact” with the earth.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Substantiation: The current wording is vague as to how the 6.0 m (20') dimension is to be measured when connecting shorter sections of rebar together to achieve the required length. Although two 10' lengths of rebar tied with a one foot over lap would give the requisite 20' of rebar the resultant linear length would only be 19'. This change will clarify the 20' measurement is to be taken from end to end when the length is achieved by tying shorter sections of rebar together.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: robert meier Organization: NA Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Nov 02 09:15:35 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2918-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.53(A)(3) ]

(3) Supplemental Electrode. If A single electrode consisting of a rod, pipe or plate shall be augmented by one additional electrode of any of the types in NEC 250.52 (A) (4) to (A) (8). When multiple rod, pipe, or plate electrodes are installed to meet the requirements of this section, they shall not be less than 1.8 m (6 ft) apart. Informational Note: The paralleling efficiency of rods is increased by spacing them twice the length of the longest rod.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This makes the redundant ground a requirement.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 1715-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.52(A)(3) ]

(3) Concrete-Encased Electrode. A concrete-encased electrode shall consist of at least 6.0 m (20 ft) of either (1) or (2):

1 (1) One or more bare or zinc galvanized or other electrically conductive coated steel reinforcing bars or rods of not less than 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) in diameter, installed in one continuous 6.0 m (20 ft) length, or if in multiple pieces connected together by the usual steel tie wires, exothermic welding, welding, or other effective means to create a 6.0 m (20 ft) or greater length; or (2) Bare copper conductor not smaller than 4 AWG

Metallic components shall be encased by at least 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete and shall be located horizontally within that portion of a concrete foundation or footing that is in direct contact with the earth or within vertical foundations or structural components or members that are in direct contact with the earth. If multiple concrete-encased electrodes are present at a building or structure, it shall be permissible to bond only one into the grounding electrode system. The grounding electrode conductor extending from the concrete encased electrode shall be identified as such at the main disconnect. Informational Note: Concrete installed with insulation, vapor barriers, films or similar items separating the concrete from the earth is not considered to be in “direct contact” with the earth.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In slab on grade structures the concrete-encased electrode may become concealed in a wall preventing the identification of the source of the grounding electrode conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: STANLEY RUTKOWSKI Organization: Brownstown Township Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 08 14:36:43 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1110-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.52(A)(3) ]

(3) Concrete-Encased Electrode. A concrete-encased electrode shall consist of at least 6.0 m (20 ft) of either (1) or (2):

1 (1) One or more bare or zinc galvanized or other electrically conductive coated steel reinforcing bars or rods of not less than 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) in diameter, installed in one continuous 6.0 m (20 ft) length, or if in multiple pieces connected together by the usual steel tie wires, exothermic welding, welding, or other effective means to create a 6.0 m (20 ft) or greater length. The concrete encased electrode when used as a building support shall be design to withstand available fault currents ; or (2) Bare copper conductor not smaller than 4 AWG

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Most industrial power systems main circuit breakers are designed and rated to 65 KAIC or 65,000 amps Interrupting Capacity. This is dependent on available source, transformer impedances and system characteristics. However since most industrial system require large starting capabilities the components and system are designed for 65KAIC. If a concrete pier is used as the grounding electrode it is designed to be equal to the rating of the system interrupting capability. Typically Table 4-7 of IEEE 142, 4.2.3. is used to determine the total length of rebar required in order to match the system design.

The results of an improper interrupting rating on a pier is outlined in IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol PAS--97, Impulse and Alternating Current Test on Grounding Electrodes in Soil Environments.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DAVID NOWICKI Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Aug 23 18:31:11 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1412-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.52(A)(3) ]

TITLE OF NEW CONTENT Type your content here ... Add new Informational Note under 250.52(A)(3) Informational Note No. 2: Copper, the metal usually used for grounding, is a noble metal and can have serious corrosive effects on underground structures made of iron or steel that are electrically connected to the copper.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The propsed text for the Informational Note is text currently found in IEEE Std. 142-2007 (Green book), Section 4.4.5. It is a direct quote, verbatum. The NEC requires that all types of grounding electrodes on the premises be connected together to form the grounding electrode system. However, corrosion can result in the rebar where a corrosion cell is created. This needs to be considered when connecting large amounts of copper underground to concrete encased steel rebar. Adding this note would alert users of the Code that this can be an issue. This is a proven fact, not conjecture. Where concrete encased electrodes are used in conjunction with large amounts of buried copper, the rebar may need to be cathodically protected to prevent corrosion.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Paul Guidry Organization: Fluor Enterprises, Inc. Affilliation: Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 26 07:46:40 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4775-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.52(A) ]

Add the following item to the list of electrodes permitted for grounding: (x) Radials . A radial electrode system shall consist of one or more bare conductors, each no smaller than 2 AWG or conductor strips with a thickness of 0.1.63 mm (064 in.), installed in a separate trench extending outward from the location of grounding point. Each radial electrode shall be not less than 3.6 m (12 ft) in length and shall be buried below the frost line but not less than 460 mm (18 in.) below grade.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Article 250.4 requires that grounded electrical systems be connected to earth in a manner that will limit the voltage imposed by lightning or line surges and stabilize the voltage to earth during normal operation. For fast switching transients with rise times on the order of microseconds such as switching transients or lightning discharge currents, the impedance of the grounding system and hence the peak voltage is typically dominated by the inductive and capacitive reactance instead of the resistance to earth measured near power frequencies. The Informational Note associated with 250.4(A) acknowledges the effect of the inductive reactance by limiting the length and unnecessary bends in GECs. However, it is noted that the benefit of the capacitive reactance is not addressed and the use of radials is not included as an approved grounding electrode.

Radials are especially effective for lightning protection grounding systems where overvoltages are a factor. The increased capacitive reactance results in a reduced opposition to current flow at higher frequencies. Flat conductors offer superior performance for high current impulses because magnetic field concentration at the corners is negligible. Radials also perform well at lower frequencies in dissipation of up to tens of thousands of amperes of lightning current and will work just as well at power frequencies. As such they would be another tool available to minimize high frequency components of current transients for power grounding systems installed at data centers or other applications where transient voltages on the grounding system creates susceptibility to internal equipment.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Mitchell Guthrie Organization: Engineering Consultant Affilliation: This proposal has been coordinated with the NFPA 780 References Task Group Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 17:58:49 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2738-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.53(F) ]

(F) Ground Ring. The ground ring shall be buried at a depth below the earth’s surface of installed not less than 750 mm (30 in.) below the surface of the earth .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This input is more a usability or uniformity issue. It brings the same language as used in 250.53 (H) or parallel language that uses the term "installed" rather than "buried". Changing this language doesn't change the requirement but it does match what is required in both sections.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DARRYL HILL Organization: WICHITA ELECTRICAL JATC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 28 16:40:48 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4187-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.53(G) ]

(G) Rod and Pipe Electrodes. The electrode shall be installed such that at least 2.44 m (8 ft) of length is in contact with the soil. It shall be driven to a depth of not less than 2.44 m (8 ft) except that, where rock bottom is encountered, the electrode shall be driven at an oblique angle not to exceed 45 degrees from the vertical or, where rock bottom is encountered at an angle up to 45 degrees, the electrode shall be permitted to be buried in a trench that is at least 750 mm (30 in.) deep. The upper end of the electrode shall be flush with or below ground level unless the aboveground end and the grounding electrode conductor attachment are protected attachment shall be protected against physical damage as specified in 250.10.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved Strong_Cap.pdf See attached files from code request proposal of 250.10 NEC_Code_Change_Proposal.pdf

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

BY protecting the upper end of the grounding from physical damage the user can be assured of continuous grounding protection

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 4181-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.10] Grounding Electrode Protection Public Input No. 4189-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.62]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: dan tharp Organization: big d electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 12:45:23 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1577-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.53(G) ]

(G) Rod and Pipe Electrodes. The electrode shall be installed such that at least 2.44 m (8 ft) of length is in contact with the soil. It shall be driven to a depth of not less than 2.44 m (8 ft) except that, where rock bottom is encountered, the electrode shall be driven at an oblique angle not to exceed 45 degrees from the vertical or, where rock bottom is encountered at an angle up to 45 degrees, the electrode shall be permitted to be buried in a trench that is at least 750 mm (30 in.) deep. The upper end of the electrode shall be flush with or below ground level unless the aboveground end and the grounding electrode conductor attachment are protected against physical damage as specified in 250.10. If buried in a trench, the length of the rod shall have a minimum length of 6.0 m (20 ft).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

A ground ring must have a minimum length of 6.0 m (20 ft). Simply changing the name for a horizontal grounding electrode from rod to ring does not change the grounding-ability of the device. A rigid length of copper offers no significant grounding-ability over a semi-rigid length of copper.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DAVID BREDHOLD Organization: C & I ENGINEERING Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 04 07:44:31 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2162-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.54 ]

250.54 Auxiliary Grounding Electrodes. One or more grounding electrodes shall be permitted to be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductors specified in 250.118 and shall not be required to comply with the electrode bonding requirements of 250.50 or 250.53(C) or the resistance requirements of 250.53(A) (2) Exception, but the earth shall not be used as an effective ground-fault current path as specified in 250.4(A) (5) and 250.4(B) (4).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:04:56 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1465-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.58 ]

250.58 Common Grounding Electrode. Where an ac system is connected to a grounding electrode in or at a at building(s) or structure(s) , the same electrode shall be used to ground conductor enclosures and equipment in or on that building or structure. Where separate services, feeders, or branch circuits supply a building building(s) and are required to be connected to a grounding electrode(s), the same grounding electrode(s) shall be used. Two or more grounding electrodes that are bonded together shall be considered as a single grounding electrode system in this sense.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

250.58 speak of buildings in the singular and needs to be in the plural. Code assumes that when you have a building on one piece of property you will have one service, but a new building is added and due to local power company restrictions a new service is added for the new building. The two buildings have common emergency lighting, fire alarm, phone etc. in EMT. There does not seem to be a code requirement to tie the two services together. Thank you.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Byron Bowman Organization: clark county school district las vegas, nv Affilliation: none but I`m a member of the local chapter of the I.A.E.I. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 09:27:12 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4189-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.62 ]

250.62 Grounding Electrode Conductor Material. The grounding electrode conductor shall be of copper, aluminum, copper-clad aluminum, or the items as permitted in 250.68(C). The material selected shall be resistant to any corrosive condition existing at the installation or and shall be protected against corrosion. Conductors of the wire type shall be solid or stranded, insulated , covered, or bare.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved NEC_Code_Change_Proposal.pdf Strong_Cap.pdf

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

By encasing the grounding electrode connection and sealing it from any possible corrosion the user is assured of a solid and long lasting connection point

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 4187-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.53(G)] Public Input No. 4181-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.10]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: dan tharp Organization: big d electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 12:58:09 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3400-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.62 ]

250.62 Grounding Electrode Conductor Material. The grounding electrode conductor shall be of copper, aluminum, copper-clad aluminum, or the items as permitted in 250.68(C) such as silver, tin, stainless stell or other lited material systems . The material selected shall be resistant to any corrosive condition existing at the installation or shall be protected against corrosion. Conductors of the wire type shall be solid or stranded, insulated, covered, or bare.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

for the environments we incounter sometimes copper or al does not work so we need other material options and the ability to select them.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 01:39:39 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2163-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(2) ]

(2) Individual Grounding Electrode Conductors. A grounding electrode conductor shall be connected between the grounding electrode system and one or more of the following, as applicable:

(1) Grounded conductor in each service equipment disconnecting means enclosure (2) Equipment grounding bonding conductor installed with the feeder (3) Supply-side bonding jumper

Each grounding electrode conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.66 based on the service-entrance or feeder conductor(s) supplying the individual disconnecting means.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:06:53 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2164-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(3) ]

(3) Common Location. A grounding electrode conductor shall be connected in a wireway or other accessible enclosure on the supply side of the disconnecting means to one or more of the following, as applicable:

(1) Grounded service conductor(s) (2) Equipment grounding bonding conductor installed with the feeder (3) Supply-side bonding jumper

The connection shall be made with exothermic welding or a connector listed as grounding and bonding equipment. The grounding electrode conductor shall be sized in accordance with 250.66 based on the service-entrance or feeder conductor(s) at the common location where the connection is made.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:08:03 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1497-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(A) ]

(A) Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. Bare aluminum or copper-clad aluminum grounding electrode conductors shall not be used outdoors where in direct contact with masonry or the earth or where subject to corrosive conditions . Where used terminated outside of a building or enclosure , aluminum or copper-clad aluminum grounding electrode conductors shall not be terminated within 450 mm (18 in.) of the earth unless the termination method is approved for wet locations or concrete encasement .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This language clarifies the areas of concern for aluminum terminations made in outdoor locations. Additionally, the language addressing corrosive conditions is redundant, as deteriorating agents are already addressed in 110.11.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1498-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.120(B)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Christel Hunter Organization: General Cable Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 02 16:07:31 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4702-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(A) ]

(A) Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. Bare aluminum or copper-clad aluminum grounding electrode conductors shall not be used where in direct contact with masonry or the earth or where subject to corrosive conditions. Where used outside, aluminum or copper-clad aluminum grounding electrode conductors shall not be terminated within 450 mm (18 in.) of the earth, unless termination is made inside of listed outdoor enclosure .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

We have had gear flagged by inspectors as non-conforming on outdoor installations. The problem with NEC as it is written is that it doesn’t clairfy that terminations inside a listed enclosure are ok being terminated within 18" of the earth becuase of the protection of the enclosure and concreat pad.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROB REDFOOT Organization: Eaton Corp Affilliation: Employee Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 14:33:43 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 985-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(B) ]

(B) Securing and Protection Against Physical Damage. Where exposed, a grounding electrode conductor or its enclosure shall be securely fastened to the surface on which it is carried. Grounding electrode conductors shall be permitted to be installed on or through framing members. A 4 A 6 AWG or larger copper or aluminum grounding electrode conductor shall be protected if exposed to physical damage. A 6 AWG grounding electrode conductor that is free from exposure to physical damage shall be permitted to be run along the surface of the building construction without metal covering or protection if it is securely fastened to the construction; otherwise, it shall be protected in rigid metal conduit RMC, intermediate metal conduit (IMC), rigid polyvinyl chloride conduit (PVC), reinforced thermosetting resin conduit (RTRC), electrical metallic tubing EMT, or cable armor. Grounding electrode conductors smaller than 6 AWG shall be protected in (RMC), IMC, PVC, RTRC, (EMT), or cable armor. Grounding electrode conductors and grounding electrode bonding jumpers shall not be required to comply with 300.5.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The revised text simplifies the wording and intent of installing a grounding electrode conductor #6 and larger. Physical protection is required for all conductors #6 and larger if exposed to physical damage. The remainder of the wording in this section is not changed.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 1218-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(B) ]

(B) Securing and Protection Against Physical Damage. Where exposed, a grounding electrode conductor or its enclosure shall be securely fastened to the surface on which it is carried. Grounding electrode conductors shall be permitted to be installed on or through framing members. A 4 AWG or larger copper or aluminum grounding electrode conductor shall be protected if exposed to physical damage. A 6 AWG grounding electrode conductor that is free from exposure to physical damage shall be permitted to be run along the surface of the building construction without metal covering or protection if it is securely fastened to the construction; otherwise, it shall be protected in rigid metal conduit RMC, intermediate metal conduit (IMC), rigid polyvinyl chloride conduit (PVC), reinforced thermosetting resin conduit (RTRC), electrical metallic tubing EMT, or cable armor. Grounding electrode conductors smaller than 6 AWG shall be protected in (RMC), IMC, PVC, RTRC, (EMT), or cable armor. Grounding electrode conductors and grounding electrode bonding jumpers shall not be required to comply with 300.5, but may be subject to physical damage and a degree of protection may be necessary .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In the case of two ground rods 6-feet (or more) apart, the grounding electrode conductor (GEC) may not need to be buried according to Section 300.5, but should have some form of protection. Running the GEC on top of the ground is a trip-hazard. In addition, routine gardening (shovels, weed-wackers, hoes, etc.) may damage the conductor or at the very least, pull on it and loosen the connection at the ground clamps. Stepping on or kicking the conductor will also have this undesired effect.

From an Enforcer's perspective, the current language gives the impression that a GEC run along the ground is not subject to any physical damage. The logic seems flawed. In 250.64(B), a #6 GEC that is free from exposure to physical damage shall be permitted to be run without protection ONLY if it is securely fastened to the construction; otherwise, it shall be protected in conduit, tubing, or armor. Therefore I respectfully submit to the panel - why would a GEC run on the ground where it can be kicked or stepped on - be held to a lesser degree?

Adding the language at the end of the section will reinforce that the GEC may still be subject to physical damage and need partial burial even though it is not held to the same burial requirements as Section 300.5.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Nick Sasso Organization: State of Wyoming Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 09 01:14:19 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2213-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(C) ]

(C) Continuous. Except as provided in 250.30(A) (5) and (A)(6), 250.30(B) (1), and 250.68(C) , grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be installed in one continuous length without a splice or joint. If necessary, splices or connections shall be made as permitted in (1) through (4):

(1) Splicing of the wire-type grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted only by irreversible compression-type connectors listed as grounding and bonding equipment or by the exothermic welding process. (2) Sections of busbars shall be permitted to be connected together to form a grounding electrode conductor. (3) Bolted, riveted, or welded connections of structural metal frames of buildings or structures. (4) Threaded, welded, brazed, soldered or bolted-flange connections of metal water piping.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There is no technical reason that the grounding electrode conductor has to be "continuous". We already have taps and bus bar connections to the GEC that are permitted to be made using reversible connections. In the overall safety of the system, the EGC is at least as important as the GEC and there no requirement to use irreversible connections for the EGC.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DON GANIERE Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 14:08:37 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3358-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(D) ]

(D) Building or Structure with Multiple Disconnecting Means in Separate Enclosures. For a If a building or structure is supplied by a service or feeder with two or more disconnecting means in separate enclosures supplying a building or structure , the grounding electrode connections shall be made in accordance with 250.64(D)(1), (D)(2), or (D)(3).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This Public Input is intended to make editorial improvements to the section without changing the intended meaning. The service or feeder supplies the building or structure and has multiple disconnecting means ...

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 22:21:32 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3367-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(E)(1) ]

(1) General. Ferrous metal raceways and enclosures for grounding electrode conductors shall be electrically continuous from the point of attachment to cabinets or equipment to the grounding electrode and shall be securely fastened to the ground clamp or fitting. Ferrous metal raceways and enclosures shall be bonded at each end of the raceway or enclosure to the grounding electrode or grounding electrode conductor to create a parallel path . Nonferrous metal raceways and enclosures shall not be required to be electrically continuous.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Adding the proposed text will aid understanding of this important requirement which will ensure compliance.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 22:38:57 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3363-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(F) ]

(F) Installation to Electrode(s). Grounding electrode conductor(s) and bonding jumpers interconnecting grounding electrodes shall be installed in accordance with (1), (2), or (3). The grounding electrode conductor shall be sized for the largest grounding electrode conductor required among all the electrodes connected to it.

(1) The grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be run to any convenient grounding electrode available in the grounding electrode system where the other electrode(s), if any, is connected by bonding jumpers that are installed in accordance with 250.53(C). (2) Grounding electrode conductor(s) shall be permitted to be run to one or more grounding electrode(s) individually.

1 (3) Bonding jumper(s) from grounding electrode(s) shall be permitted to be connected to an aluminum or copper busbar not less than 6 mm thick × 50 mm wide ( ⁄4 in. thick × 2 in. wide ) and of sufficient length to accommodate the number of terminations necessary for the installation . The busbar shall be securely fastened and shall be installed in an accessible location. Connections shall be made by a listed connector or by the exothermic welding process. The grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be run to the busbar. Where aluminum busbars are used, the installation shall comply with 250.64(A).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

These changes are necessary to coordinate with changes previously made to 250.64(D)(1)(3).

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 22:32:25 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3336-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.64(F) ]

1 (3) Bonding jumper(s) from grounding electrode(s) shall be permitted to be connected to an aluminum or copper busbar not less than 6 mm × 50 mm ( ⁄4 in. × 2 in.) and of sufficent length to accomodate the number of terminations necessary for the installation . The busbar shall be securely fastened and shall be installed in an accessible location. Connections shall be made by a listed connector or by the exothermic welding process. The grounding electrode conductor shall be permitted to be run to the busbar. Where aluminum busbars are used, the installation shall comply with 250.64(A).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Substantiation: The length of the busbar was added to 250.64(D)(1)(3) in the 2014 NEC, under proposal 5-120. The same language is proposed for section 250.64(F)(3).

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: TOM BAKER Organization: Puget Sound Electrical Training Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 21:37:56 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3401-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 250.66(A), 250.66(B) ]

Sections 250.66(A), 250.66(B) (A) Connections to a Rod, Pipe, or Plate Electrode(s). Where the grounding electrode conductor is connected to a single or multiple rod, pipe, or plate electrode(s), or any combination thereof, as permitted in 250.52(A) (5) or (A)(7), that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode(s) shall not be required to be larger than 6 AWG copper wire or 4 AWG aluminum wire. for 200A services and up and #10ao/#8 al for less than 40A services at 1000V (B) Connections to Concrete-Encased Electrodes. Where the grounding electrode conductor is connected to a single or multiple concrete-encased electrode(s) as permitted in 250.52(A) (3), that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode(s) shall not be required to be larger than 4 AWG copper wire for 600V systems and less and #10 copper for 601 to 1000V systems .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

With the AFC so low at 1000v if I have a 20A 30A or even a 40A service drop how do I justify a ground larger than my phase ungrounded conductor? We can not just automatically use a #6/#4 as the minimum for 1000V systems that are small, when we are above 100A okay but not when we are at 35A. This is a common theme for 250.66, 250.62, 250.94, 250.53, 250.36, 250.122, 250.102

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 01:43:37 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4196-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 250.66(A), 250.66(B), 250.66(C) ]

Sections 250.66(A), 250.66(B), 250.66(C) (A) Connections to a Rod, Pipe, or Plate Electrode(s). Where the grounding electrode conductor is connected to a single or multiple rod, pipe, or plate electrode(s), or any combination thereof, as permitted in 250.52(A) (5) or (A)(7), that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode(s) does not extend on to other types of electrodes the grounding electrode conductor shall not be required to be larger than 6 AWG copper wire or 4 AWG aluminum wire. (B) Connections to Concrete-Encased Electrodes. Where the grounding electrode conductor is connected to a single or multiple concrete-encased electrode(s) as permitted in 250.52(A) (3) , that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode(s) does not extend on to other types of electrodes that require a larger size of conductor the grounding electrode conductor shall not be required to be larger than 4 AWG copper wire. (C) Connections to Ground Rings. Where the grounding electrode conductor is connected to a ground ring as permitted in 250.52(A) (4) , that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode does not extend on to other types of electrodes that require a larger size of conductor the grounding electrode conductor shall not be required to be larger than the conductor used for the ground ring.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Revised to make it clear the size of a GEC or bonding jumper does not have to be larger than the required size for the specific electrode used as long as connections to additional electrodes beyond that would require a larger size of conductor are not used.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Christine Porter Organization: Intertek Testing Services Affilliation: Self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 13:28:40 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2507-NFPA 70-2014 [ Definition: Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC). ]

Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC). A threadable raceway of circular cross section designed for the physical protection and routing of conductors and cables and for use as an equipment grounding bonding conductor when installed with its integral or associated coupling and appropriate fittings.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 25 17:35:50 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3399-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.66 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

The size of the grounding electrode conductor at the service, at each building or structure where supplied by a feeder(s) or branch circuit(s), or at a separately derived system of a grounded or ungrounded ac system shall not be less than given in Table 250.66, except as permitted in 250.66(A) through (C). Table 250.66 Grounding Electrode Conductor for Alternating-Current Systems

Size of Largest Ungrounded Service-Entrance Conductor or Equivalent Area for Parallel Size of Grounding Electrode Conductor a Conductors (AWG/kcmil) (AWG/kcmil) Aluminum or Copper-Clad Copper Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum Copper b Aluminum #17 to #7 #18 to #8C #12 #10 2 or smaller 1/0 or #8 to #2 8 6 smaller

1 or 1/0 2/0 or 3/0 64 2/0 or 3/0 4/0 or 250 4 2 Over 3/0 through 350 Over 250 through 500 2 1/0 Over 350 through 600 Over 500 through 900 1/0 3/0 Over 600 through 1100 Over 900 through 1750 2/0 4/0 Over 1100 Over 1750 3/0 250

Notes: 1. If multiple sets of service-entrance conductors connect directly to a service drop, set of overhead service conductors, set of underground service conductors, or service lateral, the equivalent size of the largest service-entrance conductor shall be determined by the largest sum of the areas of the corresponding conductors of each set. 2. Where there are no service-entrance conductors, the grounding electrode conductor size shall be determined by the equivalent size of the largest service-entrance conductor required for the load to be served. a This table also applies to the derived conductors of separately derived ac systems. b See installation restrictions in 250.64(A). c - but not larger than the phase conductor

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved 18_9_al_amp_tables.xlsx small wire ampacities

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

At 1000V systems we only need a #10cu/#9 al for a 30A system which would give use a 30kva 1 phase 51 kva 3 phase load capacity. the large grounds only make sense for 200A circuits, we need smaller options all the way through the grounds and we need alunimum back as on option as well as stainless steel or other listed ground materials like tin, silver, clad materials, etc.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 01:29:23 EST 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 211 958 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM 1000V 3 conductor Ampacity Table Comparisons at 30° C Planned CODE Allowed Copper Aluminum tested maximum Stranded Solid <11 Ampacities Amps Amps Amps AWG AWG mm2 Area at 90° C at 60° C at 75° C at 90° C 18 0.823 14 6 7 7 17 1.04 14 6 7 7 16 1.31 18 8 10 10 15 1.65 18 8 10 10 14 2.08 25 15 20 25 13 2.62 22 15 20 20 12 3.31 30 20 25 30 11 4.17 28 20 25 25 10 5.26 40 30 35 40 9 6.63 38 25 30 35 8 8.37 55 40 50 55 7 10.5 54 40 45 50

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Public Input No. 1407-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.66(A) ]

(A) Connections to a Rod, Pipe, or Plate Electrode(s). Where the grounding electrode conductor is connected to a single or multiple rod, pipe, or plate electrode(s), or any combination thereof, as permitted in 250.52(A) (5) or (A)(7), that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode(s) shall not be required to be larger than 6 AWG copper wire or 4 AWG aluminum wire. Grounding electrode conductor must comply with section 250.64 grounding conductor installation.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

250.66(A) states: that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode(s) shall not be required to be larger than6 AWG copper wire or 4 AWG aluminum wire. The use of the word shall means to me that 6AWG or 4 aluminum is all that is required. I was tuned down on a service inspection because I installed 6AWG copper to a rod electrode. He cited 250.64(C). There is no reference to 250.64(C). In my opinion this would clear up any doubt that a conductor would have to be #4 AWG copper or aluminum if the conductor is installed outdoors. Being an electrical inspector myself, this is the way I interpret these sections.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: HERBERT PORTER Organization: Porter Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 20:36:56 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1428-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(A) ]

(A) Accessibility. All mechanical elements used to terminate a grounding electrode conductor or bonding jumper to a grounding electrode shall be accessible. Exception No. 1: An encased or A concrete encased electrode or a buried connection to a concrete-encased, driven, or buried grounding electrode shall not be required to be accessible. Exception No. 2: Exothermic or irreversible compression connections used at terminations, together with the mechanical means used to attach such terminations to fireproofed structural metal whether or not the mechanical means is reversible, shall not be required to be accessible.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The rewording of the text is intended to prohibit the connection to the concrete encased electrode as a direct buried connection in earth. The concern has been the premature deteriation of the reinforcing rod located outside the protection of the concrete and the effects the earth will have on this reinforcing rod. After studies in the past have shown galvanized rods and galvanized pipes deteriate when in direct contact with the earth, by prohibiting this connection to the reinforcing rod from being located in the dirt, this will make this connection much more reliable for the duration of the electrical system. Please see an associated proposed change in 250.68(C)(3).

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1429-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.68(C)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Robert Fahey Organization: City of Janesville Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Sep 28 21:20:50 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 461-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(C) Grounding Electrode Connections. Grounding electrode conductors and bonding jumpers shall be permitted to be connected at the following locations and used to extend the connection to an electrode(s):

(1) Interior metal water piping located not more than 1.52 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to the building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system. Exception: In industrial, commercial, and institutional buildings or structures, if conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation, interior metal water piping located more than 1.52 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to the building shall be permitted as a bonding conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor, if the entire length, other than short sections passing perpendicularly through walls, floors, or ceilings, of the interior metal water pipe that is being used for the conductor is exposed. (2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type , reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

I have deleted the words "either" and "reinforcing rod or bar" from 250.68 (C) (3). The American Concrete Institute (ACI) Publication ACI 318-08 "Building Code Requirements For Structural Concrete, Section 7.7.1 requires reinforcing bar or rods to be COMPLETELY encased in concrete. The reason for this is not structural as much as it is a corrosion issue. Rebar is cheap steel that corrodes easily and quickly when exposed. If extended outside of the concrete cover, the corrosion will start on the exposed portion of rebar and continue corroding all rebar inside the concrete that is connected to the rebar that is exposed. Since all rebar is tied with metal tie wire, eventually all the rebar in a footing will corrode, destroying the structural capacity of the footing, and destroying the ground electrode. Building inspectors will not allow rebar to be exposed, and will require the contractor to remove rebar that will be exposed.

SInce the ACI requires that the rebar be completely encased in concrete, what gives the NFPA the authority to allow a direct violation of their rule? I would think that NFPA cannot allow violation of the ACI rule without first obtaining an approval from the ACI.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Dave Williams Organization: BIU of PA Inc Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Mar 28 10:57:01 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3317-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. Hold-down bolts securing the structural steel column that are connected to a concrete-encased electrode that complies with 250.52(A)(3) and is located in the support footing or foundation shall be permitted to connect the metal structural frame of a building or structure to the concrete encased grounding electrode. The hold-down bolts shall be connected to the concrete-encased electrode by welding, exothermic welding, the usual steel tie wires, or other approved means. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The text that is proposed to be added to 250.68(C)(2) is being relocated from 250.52(A)(2) as it is no longer appropriate for that section but adds clarity to this section and should be preserved as a permitted connection method.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 3311-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.52(A)(2)] Text is proposed to be relocated.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 21:03:36 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3031-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted, provided it was inspected by the AHJ proir to encasement or, after encasement, it is measured for resistance to ground by qualified electrical personnel using the appropriate measurement tools for this purpose and substantiation documentataion is provided for availability during subsequent post pour AHJ inspection .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In many areas of the state there are no building inspectors, therefore no building inspection would be performed. In this case, we are depending on the word of un - related crafts as to the proper installation of concrete encased electrodes that would be concealed before any electrician is contracted for the job, or any electrical inspection is scheduled or performed. This could put the entire premises grounding method at risk for improper installation. This change would REQUIRE either on site inspection prior to concealment or proper measurement / documentation by qualified electrical personnel, ensuring a correctly completed grounding system installation. In more than one case, the electrician contracted for the work has found the re-bar exiting the concrete to be loose enough to remove completely! Does not inspire confidence in any un-inspected and concealed encased electrode installations.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WILLIAMS Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Nov 02 08:15:39 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2768-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(1) Interior metal water piping located not more than 1.52 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to the building. It shall be permitted to be used use metal water piping located not more than 1.52 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to a building as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system. Exception: In industrial, commercial, and institutional buildings or structures, if conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation, interior metal water piping located more than 1.52 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to the building shall be permitted as a bonding conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor, if the entire length, other than short sections passing perpendicularly through walls, floors, or ceilings, of the interior metal water pipe that is being used for the conductor is exposed.

(2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The existing section using permissive language is confusing to some code users and inspectors. Installers are interpreting this section to mean it is code compliant to use a metal interior water pipe as a grounding electrode connection in general installations such as dwelling units. One such installation example was were an older existing service on a dwelling was replaced. The installer connected the grounding electrode conductor to a galvanized metal water pipe at the rear of the house and then used the metal pipe as the grounding electrode conductor to the water service entry at the front of the house.Using a bonding jumper and two water pipe clamps the installer jumped the brass pressure reducing valve and the main supply shut off valve. The connection was within 5 ft for the water line entry into the house. The danger of this type of installation is that the owner may cut away portions of the metal water pipe and replace it with a non-conductive (plastic) system, thereby eliminating the electrical continuity of the grounding electrode conductor. The intent of the this public input is to clarify the language of this section to the original intent of the CMP by returning to language previously use in prior versions of the NEC.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Gary Beckstrand Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 29 08:42:44 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1429-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted. This connection to the concrete encased electrode, if of the reinforcing rod type, is allowed within the concrete, but the connection shall not be completed where in direct contact with earth.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The addition of the new sentence at the end of 250.68(C)(3) is intended to prohibit the connection to the concrete encased electrode as a direct buried connection in earth. The concern has been the premature deteriation of the reinforcing rod when located outside the protection of the concrete and the effects the earth will have on this reinforcing rod. After studies in the past have shown galvanized rods and galvanized pipes deteriate when in direct contact with the earth, by prohibiting this connection to the reinforcing rod from being located in the dirt, this will make this connection much more reliable for the duration of the electrical system. While the galvanized rods and pipes deteriate, the reinforcing rods installed within the footings and foundations do not have any protective coating such as galvanizing, therefore they are even more susceptible to the effects of the earth. Please see an associated proposed change in 250.68(A) Exception No. 1

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1428-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.68(A)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Robert Fahey Organization: City of Janesville Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Sep 28 21:29:15 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1235-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, reinforcing rod or bar installed electrode installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Section 250.52(A)(3) already states these types. Should not have to restate.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Joel Rencsok Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 09 14:37:08 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4796-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, or the reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

(1) and (2) Unchanged. The Terraview program has underlined text that is not changed.

There are two types of concrete-encased electrodes, the conductor-type or the reinforcing-rod or bar. Without the extra text added to the existing words, it would seem to be three different types are permitted, however, the word “either” indicates only one or the other and not three types. Delete the word “either” so it is clarified as three types or add the words “or the” so there are only two types of concrete-encased electrodes.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 4537-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.68(C) ]

(2) The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 250.52(A) (3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Section 250.52(A)(3) already states these types. Should not have to restate.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROCCO DELUCA Organization: City of Phoenix AZ Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 09:39:22 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2165-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.86 ]

250.86 Other Conductor Enclosures and Raceways. Except as permitted by 250.112(I), metal enclosures and raceways for other than service conductors shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor. Exception No. 1: Metal enclosures and raceways for conductors added to existing installations of open wire, knob-and-tube wiring, and nonmetallic-sheathed cable shall not be required to be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor where these enclosures or wiring methods comply with (1) through (4) as follows:

(1) Do not provide an equipment ground bonding connection (2) Are in runs of less than 7.5 m (25 ft) (3) Are free from probable contact with ground, grounded metal, metal lath, or other conductive material (4) Are guarded against contact by persons

Exception No. 2: Short sections of metal enclosures or raceways used to provide support or protection of cable assemblies from physical damage shall not be required to be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor. Exception No. 3: A metal elbow shall not be required to be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor where it is installed in a run of nonmetallic raceway and is isolated from possible contact by a minimum cover of 450 mm (18 in.) to any part of the elbow or is encased in not less than 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:10:41 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 702-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.94 ]

250.94 Bonding for Other Systems. Other system bonding terminations shall be connected in accordance with (A) or (B). (A)The intersystem bonding termination device. An intersystem bonding termination device for connecting the intersystem bonding conductors required for other systems shall be provided external to enclosures at the service equipment or metering equipment enclosure and at the disconnecting disconnectin means for any additional buildings or structures. The When an intersystem bonding termination device is used it shall comply with the following:

(1) Be accessible for connection and inspection. (2) Consist of a set of terminals with the capacity for connection of not less than three intersystem bonding conductors. (3) Not interfere with opening the enclosure for a service, building or structure disconnecting means, or metering equipment. (4) At the service equipment, be securely mounted and electrically connected to an enclosure for the service equipment, to the meter enclosure, or to an exposed nonflexible metallic service raceway, or be mounted at one of these enclosures and be connected to the enclosure or to the grounding electrode conductor with a minimum 6 AWG copper conductor (5) At the disconnecting means for a building or structure, be securely mounted and electrically connected to the metallic enclosure for the building or structure disconnecting means, or be mounted at the disconnecting means and be connected to the metallic enclosure or to the grounding electrode conductor with a minimum 6 AWG copper conductor. (6) The terminals shall be listed as grounding and bonding equipment.

Exception: In existing buildings or structures where any of the intersystem bonding and grounding electrode conductors required by 770.100(B) (2), 800.100(B) (2), 810.21(F) (2), 820.100(B) (2), and 830.100(B) (2) exist, installation of the intersystem bonding termination is not required. An accessible means external to enclosures for connecting intersystem bonding and grounding electrode conductors shall be permitted at the service equipment and at the disconnecting means for any additional buildings or structures by at least one of the following means:

(1) Exposed nonflexible metallic raceways (2) An exposed grounding electrode conductor (3) Approved means for the external connection of a copper or other corrosion-resistant bonding or grounding electrode conductor to the grounded raceway or equipment

Informational Note No. 1: A 6 AWG copper conductor with one end bonded to the grounded nonflexible metallic raceway or equipment and with 150 mm (6 in.) or more of the other end made accessible on the outside wall is an example of the approved means covered in 250.94, Exception item (3). Informational Note No. 2: See 770.100, 800.100, 810.21, 820.100, and 830.100 for intersystem bonding and grounding requirements for conductive optical fiber cables, communications circuits, radio and television equipment, CATV circuits and network-powered broadband communications systems, respectively. (B) Other Means. A bus bar as specified in 250.64(D) shall be permitted for all bonding connections as required in 25.94 and 250.104.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

While the present language works well for single family dwelling unit it does not take into account how a commercial or industrial building may bond the other systems. Many commercial buildings commonly utilize a common grounding bar for the connection of multiple electrodes and bonding of other systems such as water piping systems, building steel, internal antenna systems, etc. in addition to providing a means for connection of the other systems such as communication, satellite dish systems, network powered broadband systems etc. This revision allows the user to install other than the one device for the purposes of bonding all systems including CSST within a structure whether or not the structure is a single family dwelling or other type of structure. If the connection point provides enough space for the terminations that are required the connection point should not necessarily have to be the Intersystem Termination Device itself.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Christine Porter Organization: Intertek Testing Services Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Jun 14 00:27:29 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 436-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.94 ]

250.94 Bonding for Other Systems. An intersystem bonding termination for connecting intersystem bonding conductors required for other systems shall be provided external to enclosures at the service equipment or metering equipment enclosure and at the disconnecting means for any additional buildings or structures. The intersystem bonding termination shall be installed when a new or updated electrical services or feeders are installed to new and existing buildings. The intersystem bonding termination shall comply with the following:

(1)

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The exception should be eliminated, existing buildings or structures need this same intersystem bonding terminal to accommodate the existing and possibly new communication systems which are installed from time to time. Without the intersystem bonding termination bar required to be installed at the existing buildings, when updated electrical services or feeders are installed. The present language continues to allow poor connection techniques and in some installations, no grounding connection between the communication system and the updated electrical service. When installing new and updated electrical services or feeders to existing buildings, this provides an opportune time with a very small additional cost to the building owner, to update this portion of the grounding as we require for the other parts Panel 5 Agenda Page 225 1 of 2 11/21/2014 4:32 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

of this installation. I respectfully request the Code Panel eliminate this exception, and thereby require to the intersystem bonding at all new and existing buildings.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Robert Fahey Organization: City of Janesville Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Mar 23 14:42:50 EDT 2014

I, Robert Fahey, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am Robert Fahey, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 3837-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.94 ]

(1) Be accessible for connection and inspection. (2) Consist of a set of terminals with the capacity for connection of not less than three four intersystem bonding conductors. (3) Not interfere with opening the enclosure for a service, building or structure disconnecting means, or metering equipment. (4) At the service equipment, be securely mounted and electrically connected to an enclosure for the service equipment, to the meter enclosure, or to an exposed nonflexible metallic service raceway, or be mounted at one of these enclosures and be connected to the enclosure or to the grounding electrode conductor with a minimum 6 AWG copper conductor (5) At the disconnecting means for a building or structure, be securely mounted and electrically connected to the metallic enclosure for the building or structure disconnecting means, or be mounted at the disconnecting means and be connected to the metallic enclosure or to the grounding electrode conductor with a minimum 6 AWG copper conductor. (6) The terminals shall be listed as grounding and bonding equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The traditional use of the Intersystem Bonding Termination (IBT) has been limited to communication systems. However, the 2011 NEC acknowledged the possibility of additional bonding requirements for gas piping in an Informational Note located in Section 250.104(B). With the change in 2009 NFPA 54 Code requiring the additional bonding of CSST gas piping systems to the grounding electrode system, the IBT provides a viable and appropriate connection for this purpose. Increasing the minimum number of terminals from three to four provides an additional connection without compromising the use of the IBT for all possible communication systems in a given house. Over six million homes have CSST installed without this additional bonding conductor. The National Association of State Fire Marshals has been actively promoting a public safety campaign within the NFPA community to encourage retroactive installation of the CSST bonding conductor. In some states, the bonding of CSST systems can be performed by someone other than a licensed electrician. The allowance for this bonding conductor to be installed at the IBT will aid in keeping unqualified persons out of potentially hazardous situations inside an energized panel board Panel 5 Agenda Page 227 1 of 2 11/21/2014 4:33 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

while attempting to terminate the CSST gas piping bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROBERT TORBIN Organization: CUTTING EDGE SOLUTIONS LLC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 12:03:23 EST 2014

I, ROBERT TORBIN, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am ROBERT TORBIN, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 3708-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.94 ]

(1) Be accessible for connection and inspection. (2) Consist of a set of terminals with the capacity for connection of not less no fewer than three intersystem bonding conductors. (3) Not interfere with opening the enclosure for a service, building or structure disconnecting means, or metering equipment. (4) At the service equipment, be securely mounted and electrically connected to an enclosure for the service equipment, to the meter enclosure, or to an exposed nonflexible metallic service raceway, or be mounted at one of these enclosures and be connected to the enclosure or to the grounding electrode conductor with a minimum 6 AWG copper conductor (5) At the disconnecting means for a building or structure, be securely mounted and electrically connected to the metallic enclosure for the building or structure disconnecting means, or be mounted at the disconnecting means and be connected to the metallic enclosure or to the grounding electrode conductor with a minimum 6 AWG copper conductor. (6) The terminals shall be listed as grounding and bonding equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This input is an editorial correction of a grammatical error. Since the number of provisions for bonding terminations is countable, and not a general quantity, the correct word is "fewer" and not "less". For example, if I have less sand in my right hand than my left hand, with all the sand having come from the same pile, it is likely that I will at the same time be holding fewer grains of sand in my right hand than the amount in my left hand.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Frederic Hartwell Organization: Hartwell Electrical Services, Inc.

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Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 22:52:41 EST 2014

I, Frederic Hartwell, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am Frederic Hartwell, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 2889-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.94 ]

Exception 1 : In existing buildings or structures where any of the intersystem bonding and grounding electrode conductors required by 770.100(B) (2), 800.100(B) (2), 810.21(F) (2), 820.100(B) (2), and 830.100(B) (2) exist, installation of the intersystem bonding termination is not required. An accessible means external to enclosures for connecting intersystem bonding and grounding electrode conductors shall be permitted at the service equipment and at the disconnecting means for any additional buildings or structures by at least one of the following means:

Informational Note No. 1: A 6 AWG copper conductor with one end bonded to the grounded nonflexible metallic raceway or equipment and with 150 mm (6 in.) or more of the other end made accessible on the outside wall is an example of the approved means covered in 250.94, Exception item (3). Informational Note No. 2: See 770.100, 800.100, 810.21, 820.100, and 830.100 for intersystem bonding and grounding requirements for conductive optical fiber cables, communications circuits, radio and television equipment, CATV circuits and network-powered broadband communications systems, respectively. Exception 2: The intersystem bonding termination is not required at a meter/service disconnect pedestal location. Exception 3: The intersystem bonding termination is not required for a feeder or branch circuit disconnect supplying an unhabital building or structure.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Exception 1:There are no other systems terminating at this meter/ service disconnect pedestal location, which in most cases is remote from the building being supplied. Additionally the building itself is also required to have this intersystem bonding termination. The current redundancy does not provide additional safety.

Exception 2 : My storage shed, detached carport and chicken coop will never use an inter-system bonding termination and not requiring one at these locations will not diminish safety.

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Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Alfio Torrisi Organization: Master electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 30 17:15:23 EDT 2014

I, Alfio Torrisi, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am Alfio Torrisi, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 2734-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.94 ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There are listed intersystem bonding terminals that are not also listed for wet locations or use on the outside of the building. This clarifies that if installed outside in the weather it must be identified for wet locations.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Ron Chilton Organization: North Carolina Code Clearing Committee Street Address:

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City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 28 16:03:21 EDT 2014

I, Ron Chilton, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment. By checking this box I affirm that I am Ron Chilton, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 2166-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.96 ]

250.96 Bonding Other Enclosures. (A) General. Metal raceways, cable trays, cable armor, cable sheath, enclosures, frames, fittings, and other metal non–current-carrying parts that are to serve as equipment grounding bonding conductors, with or without the use of supplementary equipment grounding bonding conductors, shall be bonded where necessary to ensure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any fault current likely to be imposed on them. Any nonconductive paint, enamel, or similar coating shall be removed at threads, contact points, and contact surfaces or be connected by means of fittings designed so as to make such removal unnecessary. (B) Isolated Grounding Circuits. Where installed for the reduction of electrical noise (electromagnetic interference) on the grounding circuit, an equipment enclosure supplied by a branch circuit shall be permitted to be isolated from a raceway containing circuits supplying only that equipment by one or more listed nonmetallic raceway fittings located at the point of attachment of the raceway to the equipment enclosure. The metal raceway shall comply with provisions of this article and shall be supplemented by an internal insulated equipment grounding bonding conductor installed in accordance with 250.146(D) to ground bond the equipment enclosure. Informational Note: Use of an isolated equipment grounding bonding conductor does not relieve the requirement for grounding bonding the raceway system.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

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Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:17:22 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3333-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.96(B) ]

(B) Isolated Grounding Circuits. Where installed for the reduction of electrical noise (electromagnetic interference) on the grounding circuit, an An equipment enclosure supplied by a branch circuit shall be permitted to be isolated from a the raceway containing circuits supplying only that equipment by one or more listed nonmetallic raceway fittings located at the point of attachment of the raceway to the equipment enclosure. The metal raceway shall comply with provisions of this article and shall be supplemented by an internal insulated equipment grounding conductor installed in accordance with 250.146(D) to ground the equipment enclosure. Informational Note: Use of an isolated equipment grounding conductor does not relieve the requirement for grounding the raceway system.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

As written, this section only applies when the isolated ground circuit is installed for the purpose of reducing electrical noise. It does not apply to isolated ground circuits that are installed for other purposes. This section should apply to all isolated ground circuits.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ERIC STROMBERG Organization: STROMBERG ENGINEERING Affilliation: Myself Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 21:30:12 EST 2014

I, ERIC STROMBERG, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in this Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am ERIC STROMBERG, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the terms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

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Public Input No. 1236-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102 ]

250.102 Bonding Conductors and Jumpers Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems . (A) Material. Bonding jumpers shall be of copper or other corrosion-resistant material. A bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable conductor. (B) Attachment. Bonding jumpers shall be attached in the manner specified by the applicable provisions of 250.8 for circuits and equipment and by 250.70 for grounding electrodes. (C) Size — Supply-Side Bonding Jumper. (1) Size for Supply Conductors in a Single Raceway or Cable. The supply-side bonding jumper shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C)(1) . (2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways. Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) (1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Size of Largest Ungrounded Conductor or Equivalent Area for Parallel Conductors Size of Grounded Conductor or Bonding Jumper* (AWG/kcmil) (AWG/kcmil) Copper Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum Copper Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum 2 or smaller 1/0 or smaller 8 6 1 or 1/0 2/0 or 3/0 6 4 2/0 or 3/0 4/0 or 250 4 2 Over 3/0 through 350 Over 250 through 500 2 1/0 Over 350 through 600 Over 500 through 900 1/0 3/0 Over 600 through 1100 Over 900 through 1750 2/0 4/0 Over 1100 Over 1750 See Notes

Notes: 1. If the ungrounded supply conductors are larger than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum, the grounded conductor or bonding jumper shall have an area not less than 1 12 ⁄2 percent of the area of the largest ungrounded supply conductor or equivalent area for parallel supply conductors. The grounded conductor or bonding jumper shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded conductor or set of ungrounded conductors. 2. If the ungrounded supply conductors and the bonding jumper are of different materials (copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum), the minimum size of the grounded conductor or bonding jumper shall be based on the assumed use of ungrounded supply conductors of the same material as the grounded conductor or bonding jumper and will have an ampacity equivalent to that of the installed ungrounded supply conductors. 3. If multiple sets of service-entrance conductors are used as permitted in 230.40, Exception No. 2, or if multiple sets of ungrounded supply conductors are installed for a separately derived system, the equivalent size of the largest ungrounded supply conductor(s) shall be determined by the largest sum of the areas of the corresponding conductors of each set. 4. If there are no service-entrance conductors, the supply conductor size shall be determined by the equivalent size of the largest service-entrance conductor required for the load to be served. * For the purposes of this table, the term bonding jumper refers to main bonding jumpers, system bonding jumpers, and supply-side bonding jumpers. Informational Note: See Chapter 9, Table 8, for the circular mil area of conductors 18 AWG through 4/0 AWG. (D) Size — Equipment Bonding Jumper on Load Side of an Overcurrent Device. The equipment bonding jumper on the load side of an overcurrent device(s) shall be sized in accordance with 250.122. A single common continuous equipment bonding jumper shall be permitted to connect two or more raceways or cables if the bonding jumper is sized in accordance with 250.122 for the largest overcurrent device supplying circuits therein. (E) Installation. Bonding jumpers or conductors and equipment bonding jumpers shall be permitted to be installed inside or outside of a raceway or an enclosure. (1) Inside a Raceway or an Enclosure. If installed inside a raceway, equipment bonding jumpers and bonding jumpers or conductors shall comply with the requirements of 250.119 and 250.148. (2) Outside a Raceway or an Enclosure. If installed on the outside, the length of the bonding jumper or conductor or equipment bonding jumper shall not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft) and shall be routed with the raceway or enclosure. Exception: An equipment bonding jumper or supply-side bonding jumper longer than 1.8 m (6 ft) shall be permitted at outside pole locations for the purpose of bonding or grounding isolated sections of metal raceways or elbows installed in exposed risers of metal conduit or other metal raceway, and for bonding grounding electrodes, and shall not be required to be routed with a raceway or enclosure. (3) Protection. Bonding jumpers or conductors and equipment bonding jumpers shall be installed in accordance with 250.64(A) and (B).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This title change will clearly state what this section applies to. See also table 250.102(C)(1).

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Joel Rencsok Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 09 14:38:59 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4540-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102 ]

250.102 Bonding Conductors and Jumpers. Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems (A) Material. Bonding jumpers shall be of copper or other corrosion-resistant material. A bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable conductor. (B) Attachment. Bonding jumpers shall be attached in the manner specified by the applicable provisions of 250.8 for circuits and equipment and by 250.70 for grounding electrodes. (C) Size — Supply-Side Bonding Jumper. (1) Size for Supply Conductors in a Single Raceway or Cable. The supply-side bonding jumper shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C)(1) . (2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways. Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) (1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This title change will clearly state what this section applies to. See also table 250.102(C)(1) title

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROCCO DELUCA Organization: City of Phoenix AZ Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 09:42:05 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4098-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(A) ]

(A) Material. Bonding jumpers shall be of copper or other a corrosion-resistant conducting material suitable for the environment . A bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

A simple internet search on: “What will corrode copper?” will reveal that copper can be destroyed by battery acid at any automotive store, electric current and any form of salt water, Acid core solder (without cleaning off / neutralizing the flux), sewer gas. Copper piping will fail fairly quickly by simply exceeding flow velocities of 5 ft/sec with water, 15 or so with air. I understand the need to provide enforceable text to inspectors but the bonding material is a significant safety consideration and the language should reflect the attention necessary to this detail.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Michael Anthony Organization: University of Michigan Affilliation: University of Michigan Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 06:20:28 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2778-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(A) ]

(A) Material. Bonding jumpers shall be of copper, aluminum,copper-clad aluminum, or other corrosion-resistant material. A bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There are no such material limitations on an equipment grounding conductors or grounding electrode conductors, bonding conductors should be allow to the use same materials.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Alfio Torrisi Organization: Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 29 12:18:00 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1301-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(A) ]

(A) Material. Bonding jumpers shall be of copper or other corrosion-resistant material. A bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This statement seems to prohibit the use of aluminum as a bonding jumper, as most people don't consider aluminum a corrosion resistant metal. If aluminum can be used as an EGC or GEC, why couldn't it be used as a bonding jumper?

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: RYAN JACKSON Organization: Ryan Jackson Electrical Training Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 16 16:05:42 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4798-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(C) ]

(C) Size — Supply-Side Bonding Jumper . (1) Size for Supply Conductors in a Single Raceway or Cable. The supply-side bonding jumper shall not be smaller than specified in Table 250.102(C)(1) . (2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways. Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) (1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The conductors covered in 250.102(C) are not limited to just supply side bonding jumpers since the table also covers grounded conductors on the supply side of the overcurrent protection for the system as explained in the Informational Note on the bottom of 250.102(C)(2), thus the title should be changed to reflect the different conductors covered by this section.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 1986-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 330.12 ]

330.15 Exposed Work. Exposed runs of cable, except as provided in 300.11(A), shall closely follow the surface of the building finish or of running boards. Exposed runs shall also be permitted to be installed on the underside of joists where supported at each joist and located so as not to be subject to physical damage.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Currently similar cable products [e.g 320.15-AC Cable and 334.15-NM-B Cable] have guidance for the installation of "Exposed Work" it would seem logical that Metal-Clad Cable also be afforded those same installation specifications. While AC Cable does have a metallic sheath that meets Section 250.118 and standard interlocking MC Cable does not (generally speaking) they are both subject to the same level of physical damage. Care should be taken when installing any armored cable in exposed installations and this proposal helps establish a safe installation practice which is the scope of the National Electrical Code.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: PAUL W ABERNATHY Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 16 14:44:32 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4186-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(C)(2) ]

(2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways. Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C)(1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Please underline the rows in Table 250.102(C)(1) to make this easy to read. See Table 250.66 for an example of how this will look.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 3402-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(C)(2) ]

(2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways. Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) (1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Size of Largest Ungrounded Conductor or Equivalent Area for Parallel Conductors Size of Grounded Conductor or Bonding Jumper* (AWG/kcmil) (AWG/kcmil) Copper Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum Copper Aluminum or Copper-Clad Aluminum #17-#7 #7 to 1/0 #18-#8 #12 #10 or smaller #8-#2 8 6 2 or smaller 1 or 1/0 2/0 or 3/0 6 4 2/0 or 3/0 4/0 or 250 4 2 Over 3/0 through 350 Over 250 through 500 2 1/0 Over 350 through 600 Over 500 through 900 1/0 3/0 Over 600 through 1100 Over 900 through 1750 2/0 4/0 Over 1100 Over 1750 See Notes

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

see comments for 250.66, we need a smaller ground for small 1000V services drops less than 40A

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 01:52:32 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2198-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(C)(2) ]

(2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways. Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) (1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

It is unclear where different materials are used for phase and bonding jumpers if a conversion must be made for all sizes or if the conversion is needed just when the equivalent area of the phase conductors exceeds 1100 kcmil CU or 1750 kcmil aluminum. It is clear that all four notes do apply when the phase conductors exceed 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum but it is not clear if Note 2 applies in cases where the phase conductors are smaller than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum.

For a service that is fed with 250 kcmil aluminum (with an allowable ampacity of 205A at 75 degrees C) is the minimum size of wire type main bonding jumper or supply side bonding jumper based on a 4/0 Cu (with an allowable ampacity of 230A at 75 degrees C) or on a 3/0 Cu (with an allowable ampacity of 200A at 75 degrees C) The line in Table 250.102(C)(1) reads: 2/0 or 3/0 CU and 4/0 or 250 AL = 4 CU or 2 AL.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Christine Porter Organization: Intertek Testing Services Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Oct 19 17:52:25 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2178-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(C)(2) ]

(2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways. Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) (1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Some AHJs are requiring the grounding electrode conductor to be sized by Table 250.102(C)(1) because the grounding electrode conductor also bonds the structural steel. The steel frame of the building is a grounding electrode. The maximum size of a grounding electrode conductor is #3/0 AWG but if the supply conductors are larger than 1100kcmil a bonding jumper is required to be 12 1/2% of the largest ungrounded supply conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Robert Jones Organization: Independent Electrical Contrac Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 17:35:53 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1390-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(C)(2) ]

(2) Size for Parallel Conductor Installations in Two or More Raceways or Cables . Where the ungrounded supply conductors are paralleled in two or more raceways or cables, and an individual supply-side bonding jumper is used for bonding these raceways or cables, the size of the supply-side bonding jumper for each raceway or cable shall be selected from Table 250.102(C)(1) based on the size of the ungrounded supply conductors in each raceway or cable. A single supply-side bonding jumper installed for bonding two or more raceways or cables shall be sized in accordance with 250.102(C) (1). Informational Note: The term supply conductors includes ungrounded conductors that do not have overcurrent protection on their supply side and terminate at service equipment or the first disconnecting means of a separately derived system. Table 250.102(C)(1) Grounded Conductor, Main Bonding Jumper, System Bonding Jumper, and Supply-Side Bonding Jumper for Alternating-Current Systems

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

If the main body of the requirement mentioned Raceways and Cables then the title should reflect this as well. This should not require any technical substantiation as it clearly permits it in the body of the requirement. And I am sure everyone knows a Cable is not a raceway so it helps avoid anyones confusion by adding "or Cables" as noted.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: PAUL W ABERNATHY Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 11:47:08 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3461-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.102(D) ]

(D) Size — Equipment Bonding Jumper on Load Side of an Overcurrent Device. The equipment bonding jumper on the load side of an overcurrent device(s) shall be sized in accordance with 250.122. A single common continuous equipment bonding jumper shall be permitted to connect two or more raceways or cables if the bonding jumper is sized in accordance with 250.122 for the largest overcurrent device supplying circuits therein .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 09:10:50 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 504-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104 ]

250.104 Bonding of Piping Systems and Exposed Structural and Structural Metal.

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(A) Metal Water Piping. The metal water piping system shall be bonded as required in (A)(1), (A)(2), or (A)(3) of this section. The bonding jumper(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.64(A) , (B), and (E). The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible. (1) General. Metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to any of the following: the service equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor where of sufficient size, or to the one or more grounding electrodes used. The bonding jumper(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.64(A) , (B), and (E). The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible. The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 102(C)(1) except as permitted in 250.104(A)(2) and (A)(3). (2) Buildings of Multiple Occupancy. In buildings of multiple occupancy where the metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure for the individual occupancies is metallically isolated from all other occupancies by use of nonmetallic water piping, the metal water piping system(s) for each occupancy shall be permitted to be bonded to the equipment grounding terminal of the switchgear, switchboard, or panelboard enclosure (other than service equipment) supplying that occupancy. The equipment bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122 , based on the rating of the overcurrent protective device for the circuit supplying the occupancy 250.102(D) . (3) Multiple Buildings or Structures Supplied by a Feeder(s) or Branch Circuit(s). The metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to any of the following: (1) The building or structure disconnecting means enclosure where located at the building or structure , to the

(2) The equipment grounding conductor run with the supply conductors , or to the one or

(3) One or more grounding electrodes used .

The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with Table 250. 66 102(C)(1) , based on the size of the feeder or branch-circuit conductors that supply the building or structure. The bonding jumper shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded feeder or branch-circuit conductor supplying the building or structure. (B) Other Metal Piping. If installed in, or attached to, a building or structure, a metal piping system(s), including gas piping, that is likely to become energized shall be bonded to any of the following:

(1) Equipment grounding conductor for the circuit that is likely to energize the piping system (2) Service equipment enclosure (3) Grounded conductor at the service (4) Grounding electrode conductor, if of sufficient size (5) One or more grounding electrodes used

The bonding conductor(s) or jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122 , 102(C)(1) and equipment grounding conductors shall be sized in accordance with Tabe 250.122 using the rating of the circuit that is likely to energize the piping system(s). The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible. Informational Note No. 1: Bonding all piping and metal air ducts within the premises will provide additional safety. Informational Note No. 2: Additional information for gas piping systems can be found in Section 7.13 of NFPA 54-2012, National Fuel Gas Code. (C) Structural Metal. Exposed structural Structural metal that is interconnected to form a metal building frame and is not is not intentionally grounded or bonded and is likely to become energized shall be bonded to any of the following: (1) Equipment grounding conductor for the circuit that is likely to the service equipment enclosure; the grounded conductor at the service; the disconnecting means for buildings or structures supplied by a feeder or branch circuit; the grounding energize the structural metal (2) Service equipment enclosure (3) Grounded conductor at the service (4) Grounding electrode conductor, if of sufficient size; or to one or (5) One or more grounding electrodes used. The bonding conductor(s) or jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with Table 250. 66 and installed 102(C)(1) and equipment grounding conductors shall be sized in accordance with 250.64(A) , (B), and (E). The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible unless installed in compliance with 250.68(A) , Exception No. 2. Table 250.122 using the rating of the circuit that is likely to energize the structural metal. The points of acctachment of the bonding jumpers shall be accessible. (D) Separately Derived Systems. Metal water piping systems and structural metal that is interconnected to form a building frame shall metal shall be bonded to separately derived systems in accordance with (D)(1) through (D)(3). (1) Metal Water Piping System(s). The grounded conductor of each separately derived system shall be bonded to the nearest available point of the metal water piping system(s) in the area served by each separately derived system. This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the grounding electrode conductor is connected. Each bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 102(C)(1) based on the largest ungrounded conductor of the separately derived system. Exception No. 1: A separate bonding jumper to the metal water piping system shall not be required where the metal water piping system is used as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system and the water piping system is in the area served. Exception No. 2: A separate water piping bonding jumper shall not be required where the metal frame of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for a separately derived system and is bonded to the metal water piping in the area served by the separately derived system. (2) Structural Metal. Where exposed structural metal that is interconnected to form the building frame exists Where structural metal exists in the area served by the separately derived system, it shall be bonded to the grounded conductor of each separately derived system. This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the grounding electrode conductor is connected. Each bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 102(C)(1) based on the largest ungrounded conductor of the separately derived system. Exception No. 1: A separate bonding jumper to the building structural metal shall not be required where the metal frame of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system. Exception No. 2: A separate bonding jumper to the building structural metal shall not be required where the water piping of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for a separately derived system and is bonded to the building structural metal in the area served by the separately derived system. Panel 5 Agenda Page 252 3824 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

(3) Common Grounding Electrode Conductor. Where a common grounding electrode conductor is installed for multiple separately derived systems as permitted by 250.30(A) (6), and exposed structural metal that is interconnected to form the building frame or and structural metal or interior metal piping exists in the area served by the separately derived system, the metal piping and the structural metal member shall be bonded to the common grounding electrode conductor in the area served by the separately derived system. Exception: A separate bonding jumper from each derived system to metal water piping and to structural metal members shall not be required where the metal water piping and the structural metal members in the area served by the separately derived system are bonded to the common grounding electrode conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Changes have been submitted to comply with the NEC Style Manual 3.3.2 and for consistency within the section.

Table 250.102(C)(1) was introduced in the 2014 edition of the NEC and Table 250.66 is now for sizing grounding electrode conductors only.

250.104(C) has been revised because as currently written only exposed structural metal that is interconnected to form a metal building frame is required to be bonded. The problem is with the word "exposed" because the definitions in Article 100 are specific to live parts and wiring methods. The standard dictionary definition is "visible or unprotected". There are many instances where structural metal is located above ceilings such as sheetrock or plaster and workers have access to these areas. Is structural metal located above a plaster ceiling exposed? Working above a ceiling is an excellent place for electrocution if a metal structural member becomes energized and a worker is in contact with it and a grounded surface. Above a ceiling in most instances is a confined space and a dangerous working area. in a wood frame constructed building a metal beam or bar joist may not be interconnected to form a metal building frame however electrical equipment may be mounted to the beam or bar joist. The words "likely to become energized" would limit the bonding requirement as in the case of a metal beam used in atypical dwelling unit garage (for the garage door opening) where the beam is covered with sheetrock and there is no access to the beam. The proposed new wording is consistent with 250.104(B).

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Robert Jones Organization: Independent Electrical Contrac Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Apr 14 14:52:00 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1278-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 250.104(1), 250.104(2), 250.104(3) ]

Sections 250.104(1), 250.104(2), 250.104(3) (1) Metal Water Piping System(s). The grounded conductor of each separately derived system shall be bonded to the nearest available point of the metal water piping system(s) in the area served by each separately derived system. This This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the grounding electrode conductor is connected. Each bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 based on the largest ungrounded conductor of the separately derived system. Exception No. 1: A separate bonding jumper to the metal water piping system shall not be required where the metal water piping system is used as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system and the water piping system is in the area served . Exception No. 2: A separate water piping bonding jumper shall not be required where the metal frame of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for a separately derived system and is bonded to the metal water piping in the area served by the separately derived system . (2) Structural Metal. Where exposed structural metal that is interconnected to form the building frame exists in the area served by the separately derived system , it shall be bonded to the grounded conductor of each separately derived system. This connection shall be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the grounding electrode conductor is connected. Each bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 based on the largest ungrounded conductor of the separately derived system. Exception No. 1: A separate bonding jumper to the building structural metal shall not be required where the metal frame of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system. Exception No. 2: A separate bonding jumper to the building structural metal shall not be required where the water piping of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for a separately derived system and is bonded to the building structural metal in the area served by the separately derived system . (3) Common Grounding Electrode Conductor. Where a common grounding electrode conductor is installed for multiple separately derived systems as permitted by 250.30(A) (6), and exposed structural metal that is interconnected to form the building frame or interior metal piping exists in the area served by the separately derived system , the metal piping and the structural metal member shall be bonded to the common grounding electrode conductor in the area served by the separately derived system . Exception: A separate bonding jumper from each derived system to metal water piping and to structural metal members shall not be required where the metal water piping and the structural metal members in the area served by the separately derived system are bonded to the common grounding electrode conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

All references to "the area served by the separately derived system" should be deleted. What does "area served" really mean anyway? If a transformer located on the first floor serves all three floors of a three story building, do we need to bond to metal water piping on every floor? If a transformer on the first floor feeds a panelboard on the second floor, and that panelboard feeds branch circuits on the second and third floor, do we need a bonding connection to the metal water piping system on all three floors? In every room served by a branch circuit from that panelboard? Exception No.1 to Metal Water Pip[ing System(s) recognizes that when a separately derived system is bonded to the portion of the metal water piping system defined as the grounding electrode, no bonding is required in "the area served by the separately derived system" because the metal water piping system is in fact bonded from the electrode portion of the metal water piping system continuouslly throughout the building. When the separately derived system is bonded at any point to the metal water piping system, it is, if fact, bonded to the entire metal water piping system, including all "areas served by the separately derived system". Similarly, when the separately derived system is bonded at any point to the structural metal, it is in, in fact, bonded to the entire structural metal, including all "areas served by the separately derived system".

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: EDWARD MITCHELL Organization: LOS ANGELES CITY OF Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 15 18:07:09 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2168-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104(A) ]

(A) Metal Water Piping. The metal water piping system shall be bonded as required in (A)(1), (A)(2), or (A)(3) of this section. The bonding jumper(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.64(A), (B), and (E). The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible. (1) General. Metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor where of sufficient size, or to the one or more grounding electrodes used. The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 except as permitted in 250.104(A)(2) and (A)(3). (2) Buildings of Multiple Occupancy. In buildings of multiple occupancy where the metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure for the individual occupancies is metallically isolated from all other occupancies by use of nonmetallic water piping, the metal water piping system(s) for each occupancy shall be permitted to be bonded to the equipment grounding bonding terminal of the switchgear, switchboard, or panelboard enclosure (other than service equipment) supplying that occupancy. The bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122, based on the rating of the overcurrent protective device for the circuit supplying the occupancy. (3) Multiple Buildings or Structures Supplied by a Feeder(s) or Branch Circuit(s). The metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to the building or structure disconnecting means enclosure where located at the building or structure, to the equipment grounding bonding conductor run with the supply conductors, or to the one or more grounding electrodes used. The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with 250.66, based on the size of the feeder or branch-circuit conductors that supply the building or structure. The bonding jumper shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded feeder or branch-circuit conductor supplying the building or structure.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:26:34 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2146-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104(A)(1) ]

(1) General. Metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor where of sufficient size, or to the one or more grounding electrodes used. The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 except as permitted in 250.104(A)(2) and (A)(3). Metallic faucet bodies or other metallic plumbing fixtures shall be permitted to provide bonding between the hot and cold water systems.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In some areas the inspection authorities are requiring a bonding jumper between the hot and cold water piping systems. There is no technical need for a bonding jumper of the wire type between the hot and cold water piping systems where those systems are physically connected by the use of metallic faucet bodies or other metallic plumbing fixtures.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DON GANIERE Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 12:18:02 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4314-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104(A)(1) ]

(1) General. Metal water piping system(s) installed in or attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor where of sufficient size, or to the one or more grounding electrodes used. The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 except as permitted in 250.104(A)(2) and (A)(3). Bonding jumpers shall not be required between the hot and cold water piping systems at hot water heaters to maintain the continuity of the piping system.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Substantiation: There seems to be some confusion as to when applying 250.104(A)(1) that a hot water heater requires that the continuity between the hot and cold piping be maintained by the use of a bonding jumper, similar to the ones required by 250.68(B) around water meters, etc. Sections 250.104(A)(1) and 250.68(B) are different in that bonding jumpers required by 250.68(B) are to maintain the continuity of grounding electrode, the same continuity requirement does not apply to the bonding of piping systems. This additional wording will clarify that bonding jumpers are not required around hot water heaters to comply with 250.104(A)(1).

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: robert meier Organization: NA Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 19:02:22 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 959-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104(B) ]

(B) Other Metal Piping. If installed in, or attached to, a building or structure, a metal piping system(s), including gas piping, that is likely to become energized shall be bonded to any of the following:

The bonding conductor(s) or jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with 250.122, using the rating of the circuit that is likely to energize the piping system(s). Bonding jumpers shall be installed in accordance with 250.64(A), (B) and (E). The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible. Informational Note No. 1: Bonding all piping and metal air ducts within the premises will provide additional safety. Informational Note No. 2: Additional information for gas piping systems can be found in Section 7.13 of NFPA 54-2012, National Fuel Gas Code.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Bonding conductors for other metal piping systems need to be installed in accordance with 250.64(A), (B) and (E) to also provide protection for these bonding conductors Section. 250.64 sections now apply for jumpers for metal water piping and structural metal.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: WILLIAM GROSS Organization: Tri-City Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Jul 25 19:56:51 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3210-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104(B) ]

The bonding conductor(s) or jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance with 250.122, using the rating of the circuit that is likely to energize the piping system(s). The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible. Informational Note No. 1: Bonding all piping and metal air ducts within the premises will provide additional safety. Informational Note No. 2: Additional information for gas piping systems can be found in Section 7.13 of NFPA 54-2012, National Fuel Gas Code.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

250.104(B)(4) requires the GEC that the pipe is bonded to be at least the size required by the last paragraph of 240.104(B) (The bonding conductor(s) ....). The same size requirement should apply to 240.104(5) since the bonding serves two purposes:

connecting the pipe to "earth" connecting the pipe to the grounded conductor to provide a path capable of tripping the OCPD.

If it were only to serve the first purpose, then the GEC would suffice and the last clause of 240.104(B)(4) would not be necessary.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 16:26:33 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2215-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104(B) ]

(1) Equipment grounding bonding conductor for the circuit that is likely to energize the piping system (2) Service equipment enclosure (3) Grounded conductor at the service (4) Grounding electrode conductor, if of sufficient size (5) One or more grounding electrodes used

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:07:07 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4782-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.104(B) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This proposal provides the same guidance provided in the National Fuel Gas Code (NFPA 54) regarding the bonding of gas piping for gas-fired appliances. For other piping that are connected to electrical appliances that may need bonding, such as dishwashers and washing machines, the bonding can be achieved in the same manner as what is used for gas-fired appliances.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: John Taecker Organization: UL LLC Affilliation: UL LLC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 18:29:04 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4244-NFPA 70-2014 [ New Section after 250.104(B) ]

(B) Metal Fuel Gas Piping. Metal gas piping installed in or attached to a building or structure shall be bonded in accordance with (A)(1) and (A)(3). The bonding conductor or jumper shall be connected in an accessible location to either rigid pipe or fitting downstream of the point of delivery of the fuel gas. Informational Note: Additional information for gas piping systems can be found in Section 7.13 of NFPA 54-2015, National Fuel Gas Code (C) Other Metal Piping. If installed in or attached to a building or structure, a metal piping system(s) , including gas piping, that is likely to become energized shall be bonded to any of the following:

The remainder of the article is unchanged. Renumber existing 250.104(C) as (D) and 250.104(D) as (E).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

All metallic gas piping systems, including (but not limited to) corrugated stainless steel tubing, should be bonded similar to the requirements for bonding metal water piping and exposed structural metal, and for the same reasons. The metallic gas piping (steel, copper or stainless steel) is an excellent electrical conductor, and thus, needs to be bonded for safety. The underground fuel gas service piping to a dwelling or small commercial building is commonly nonmetallic or is electrically isolated from the metallic building piping. This is similar to the plastic water pipe supply line to homes and smaller buildings. Yet, metal water piping in these buildings is required to be bonded with a “full size” conductor even though not connected to a water pipe grounding electrode. Likewise, exposed metal structural frames that are not installed or connected as a grounding electrode or grounding electrode conductor are required to be bonded with a “full size” conductor. Many residential, commercial and industrial buildings contain as much or more metallic gas piping as metal water piping that is not being used as a grounding electrode. Metallic gas piping is just as conductive, can be energized in the same manner as water piping and structural steel, and poses an identical risk of electrical shock or damage. Therefore, gas piping should be bonded to the same requirements.

The proposed type of bonding for metal gas piping is commonly and currently practiced in the United States and around the globe. The cities of San Antonio, TX, Chattanooga, TN, and Montgomery, AL require a full size bonding conductor for all fuel gas piping systems. The Canadian Electrical Code (CSA C22.1) requires all metallic gas piping to be bonded (with a 6 AWG conductor) directly to the grounding electrode system as stated in Section 10-406. Similar full size bonding conductor requirements for gas piping are included in the electrical codes in the United Kingdom, Japan, and Australia to name a few other countries. Article 800 of the NEC recognizes the need to bond satellite dish antennae wires, copper coax cable, and telephone services to the grounding electrode system using a bonding conductor of 6 AWG copper in size or larger. US homes that install lightning protection systems in accordance with either NFPA 780 or UL 96 require the bonding of any and all metallic gas piping systems with at least a 6 AWG copper conductor.

The bonding of the metal gas piping needs to be treated identically to the comprehensive rules for bonding other metal objects such as water piping, structural steel and communication systems. The purpose of this proposal is to improved electrical protection and safety, and the proposed bonding practices for fuel gas piping are recognized as safe and effective by the NEC. Furthermore, as stated in the Informational Note following 250.104 (B), bonding all piping and metal air ducts within the premises will provide additional safety. This proposal intends to make the provision for that additional safety a requirement by code rather than an option.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROBERT TORBIN Organization: CUTTING EDGE SOLUTIONS LLC Street Address: City: State:

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Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 16:28:47 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 131-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 770.113(E) ]

(E) Risers — Cables in Metal Raceways. The following cables shall be permitted in metal raceways in a riser having firestops at each floor:

(1) Types OFNP, OFCP, OFNR, OFCR, OFNG, OFCG, OFN, and OFC cables (2) Types OFNP, OFCP, OFNR, OFCR, OFNG, OFCG, OFN, and OFC cables installed in:

a. Plenum Listed plenum communications raceways (innerduct) b. Riser Listed riser communications raceways (innerduct) c. General Listed general -purpose communications raceways Note:

(innerduct)

Informational Note: See 770.26 for firestop requirements for floor penetrations.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved CCCA_2017_NEC_PI_770.113_E_.pdf PI Form

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Installation in a communications raceway inside a metal raceway is an example of the use of a communications raceway as an innerduct. Deletion of “and Raceways” from the title establishes parallelism with Article 820 and 830. The recommended text clarifies that the only types of communications raceways and cable routing assemblies permitted are listed ones.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 181-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 800.113(E)] Public Input No. 217-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 820.113(E)] Public Input No. 239-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 830.113(E)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Frank Peri Organization: Communications Cable & Connect Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Jan 31 10:44:48 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 184-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 800.113(H) ]

(H) Cable Trays. The following wires, cables, and raceways shall be permitted to be supported by cable trays:

(1) Types CMP, CMR, CMG, and CM cables (2) Plenum, riser, and general-purpose communications raceways (3) Communications wires and Types CMP, CMR, CMG, and CM cables installed in:

a. Plenum Listed plenum communications raceways b. Riser Listed riser communications raceways c. General Listed general -purpose communications raceways

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved CCCA_2017_NEC_PI_800.113_H_.pdf PI Form

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The recommended text clarifies that the only types of communications raceways permitted are listed ones.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Frank Peri Organization: Communications Cable & Connect Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Feb 04 10:36:42 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2169-NFPA 70-2014 [ Part VI. ]

Part VI. Equipment Grounding Bonding and Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:33:15 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2171-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.112 ]

250.112 Specific Equipment Fastened in Place (Fixed) or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods. Except as permitted in 250.112(F) and (I), exposed, normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment described in 250.112(A) through (K), and normally non–current- carrying metal parts of equipment and enclosures described in 250.112(L) and (M), shall be connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor, regardless of voltage. (A) Switchgear and Switchboard Frames and Structures. Switchgear or switchboard frames and structures supporting switching equipment, except frames of 2-wire dc switchgear or switchboards where effectively insulated from ground. (B) Pipe Organs. Generator and motor frames in an electrically operated pipe organ, unless effectively insulated from ground and the motor driving it. (C) Motor Frames. Motor frames, as provided by 430.242. (D) Enclosures for Motor Controllers. Enclosures for motor controllers unless attached to ungrounded unbonded portable equipment. (E) Elevators and Cranes. Electrical equipment for elevators and cranes. (F) Garages, Theaters, and Motion Picture Studios. Electrical equipment in commercial garages, theaters, and motion picture studios, except pendant lampholders supplied by circuits not over 150 volts to ground. (G) Electric Signs. Electric signs, outline lighting, and associated equipment as provided in 600.7. (H) Motion Picture Projection Equipment. Motion picture projection equipment. (I) Remote-Control, Signaling, and Fire Alarm Circuits. Equipment supplied by Class 1 circuits shall be grounded bonded unless operating at less than 50 volts. Equipment supplied by Class 1 power-limited circuits, by Class 2 and Class 3 remote-control and signaling circuits, and by fire alarm circuits shall be grounded bonded where system grounding is required by Part II or Part VIII of this article. (J) Luminaires. Luminaires as provided in Part V of Article 410. (K) Skid-Mounted Equipment. Permanently mounted electrical equipment and skids shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor sized as required by 250.122. (L) Motor-Operated Water Pumps. Motor-operated water pumps, including the submersible type. (M) Metal Well Casings. Where a submersible pump is used in a metal well casing, the well casing shall be connected to the pump circuit equipment grounding bonding conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 18 16:40:17 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1959-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.112 ]

250.112 Specific Equipment Fastened in Place (Fixed) or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods. Except as permitted in 250.112(F) and (I), exposed, normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment described in 250.112(A) through (K), and normally non–current- carrying metal parts of equipment and enclosures described in 250.112(L) and (M), shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor, regardless of voltage. (A) Switchgear and Switchboard Frames and Structures. Switchgear or switchboard frames and structures supporting switching equipment, except frames of 2-wire dc switchgear or switchboards where effectively insulated from ground. (B) Pipe Organs. Generator and motor frames in an electrically operated pipe organ, unless effectively insulated from ground and the motor driving it. (C) Motor Frames. Motor frames, as provided by 430.242. (D) Enclosures for Motor Controllers. Enclosures for motor controllers unless attached to ungrounded portable equipment. (E) Elevators and Cranes. Electrical equipment for elevators and cranes. (F) Garages, Theaters, and Motion Picture Studios. Electrical equipment in commercial garages, theaters, and motion picture studios, except pendant lampholders supplied by circuits not over 150 actual volts to ground. (G) Electric Signs. Electric signs, outline lighting, and associated equipment as provided in 600.7. (H) Motion Picture Projection Equipment. Motion picture projection equipment. (I) Remote-Control, Signaling, and Fire Alarm Circuits. Equipment supplied by Class 1 circuits shall be grounded unless operating at less than 50 actual volts. Equipment supplied by Class 1 power-limited circuits, by Class 2 and Class 3 remote-control and signaling circuits, and by fire alarm circuits shall be grounded where system grounding is required by Part II or Part VIII of this article. (J) Luminaires. Luminaires as provided in Part V of Article 410. (K) Skid-Mounted Equipment. Permanently mounted electrical equipment and skids shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor sized as required by 250.122. (L) Motor-Operated Water Pumps. Motor-operated water pumps, including the submersible type. (M) Metal Well Casings. Where a submersible pump is used in a metal well casing, the well casing shall be connected to the pump circuit equipment grounding conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses voltages that are "actual" hard limits. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 18:43:34 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 422-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.114 ]

250.114 Equipment Connected by Cord and Plug. Under any of the conditions described in 250.114 (1) through (4), exposed, normally non–current-carrying metal parts of cord-and-plug-connected equipment shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor. Exception: Listed tools, listed appliances, and listed equipment covered in 250.114 (2) through (4) shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor where protected by a system of double insulation or its equivalent. Double insulated equipment shall be distinctively marked.

(1) Hazardous Locations. In hazardous (classified) locations (see Articles 500 through 517) (2) Where Over 150 Volts to Ground. Where operated at over 150 volts to ground Exception No. 1: Motors, where guarded, shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor. Exception No. 2: Metal frames of electrically heated appliances, exempted by special permission, shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor, in which case the frames shall be permanently and effectively insulated from ground. (3) In Residential Occupancies. In residential occupancies:

a. Refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioners b. Clothes-washing, clothes-drying, dish-washing machines; ranges; kitchen waste disposers; information technology equipment; sump pumps and electrical aquarium equipment c. Hand-held motor-operated tools, stationary and fixed motor-operated tools, and light industrial motor-operated tools d. Motor-operated appliances of the following types: hedge clippers, lawn mowers, snow blowers, and wet scrubbers e. Portable handlamps

(4) In Other than Residential Occupancies. In other than residential occupancies:

a. Refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioners b. Clothes-washing, clothes-drying, dish-washing machines; information technology equipment; sump pumps and electrical aquarium equipment c. Hand-held motor-operated tools, stationary and fixed motor-operated tools, and light industrial motor-operated tools d. Motor-operated appliances of the following types: hedge clippers, lawn mowers, snow blowers, and wet scrubbers e. Portable handlamps f. Cord-and-plug-connected appliances used in damp or wet locations or by persons standing on the ground or on metal floors or working inside of metal tanks or boilers g. Tools likely to be used in wet or conductive locations Exception: Tools and portable handlamps likely to be used in wet or conductive locations shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor where supplied through an isolating transformer with an ungrounded secondary of not over 50 volts.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Reformatting this section with second level subdivisions and a title in bold print complies with the NEC Style Manual 2.1.5 and makes this easier to read. No changes were made to the content.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 3212-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.114 ]

250.114 Equipment Connected by Cord and Plug. Under any of the conditions described in 250.114 (1) through (4), exposed, normally non–current-carrying metal parts of cord-and-plug-connected equipment shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor. Exception No. 1 : Listed tools, listed appliances, and listed equipment covered in 250.114 (2) through (4) shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor where protected by a system of double insulation or its equivalent. Double insulated equipment shall be distinctively marked. Exception No. 2: An equipment grounding conductor is not required when receptacles are wired under 406.4(D)(2)(b) and (c).

(1) In hazardous (classified) locations (see Articles 500 through 517) (2) Where operated at over 150 volts to ground Exception No. 1: Motors, where guarded, shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor.

Exception No. 2: Metal frames of electrically heated appliances, exempted by special permission, shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor, in which case the frames shall be permanently and effectively insulated from ground. (3) In residential occupancies:

(4) Refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioners (5) Clothes-washing, clothes-drying, dish-washing machines; ranges; kitchen waste disposers; information technology equipment; sump pumps and electrical aquarium equipment (6) Hand-held motor-operated tools, stationary and fixed motor-operated tools, and light industrial motor-operated tools (7) Motor-operated appliances of the following types: hedge clippers, lawn mowers, snow blowers, and wet scrubbers (8) Portable handlamps

(9) In other than residential occupancies:

(10) Refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioners (11) Clothes-washing, clothes-drying, dish-washing machines; information technology equipment; sump pumps and electrical aquarium equipment (12) Hand-held motor-operated tools, stationary and fixed motor-operated tools, and light industrial motor-operated tools (13) Motor-operated appliances of the following types: hedge clippers, lawn mowers, snow blowers, and wet scrubbers (14) Portable handlamps (15) Cord-and-plug-connected appliances used in damp or wet locations or by persons standing on the ground or on metal floors or working inside of metal tanks or boilers (16) Tools likely to be used in wet or conductive locations Exception: Tools and portable handlamps likely to be used in wet or conductive locations shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor where supplied through an isolating transformer with an ungrounded secondary of not over 50 volts.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The combination of 250.114 and 406.4(D)(2)(b) and (c) is sometimes interpreted to mean that equipment "requiring" connection to a grounding conductor can not utilize receptacles installed under the 406.4 provisions mentioned above. Due to copyright issues (I am not certain of the "fair use" exemption can apply to a whole forum discussion, I have not included text by others from an public online discussion proposing this aberrant interpretation. The contents of this public online forum are preserved for years and this is a link to the discussion Thread: GFCI Receptacle For Appliance With 3 - Prong Cord. See especially postings #2, #3, #4, #7, #8, #9, #10, and #15.

"http://http://forums.mikeholt.com/showthread.php?t=163058"

Does anyone seriously believe that the Code allows the installation of three prong grounding-type receptacles without a connection to the grounding connection and not expect three pronged plugs to be plugged into it?

Does anyone seriously believe that appliances, luminaires, and such that have three pronged plugs exist that do not "require grounding"?

It is clear to me that the requirement for GFCI protection of such ungrounded "grounding" receptacles has the intent of having the GFCI protection substitute for grounding. Otherwise the only reason for this scheme is to allow you to plug in a three wire extension cord or plug strip which would then be allowed to only be used by 2 prong plugs.

I believe the "No Equipment Ground" label is for those rare instances when an equipment ground is required for proper functioning of a device or interconnected devices. The only device that comes to mind is the plugin GFCI tester that needs a grounding conductor to trip the testee which, of course, is not a listed means of testing GFCIs.

[The legislative marking is way off. The only changes were to add "No. 1" to first "Exception" and to add a new "Exception No. 2"]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 16:29:52 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2216-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.114 ]

250.114 Equipment Connected by Cord and Plug. Under any of the conditions described in 250.114 (1) through (4), exposed, normally non–current-carrying metal parts of cord-and-plug-connected equipment shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor. Exception: Listed tools, listed appliances, and listed equipment covered in 250.114 (2) through (4) shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor where protected by a system of double insulation or its equivalent. Double insulated equipment shall be distinctively marked.

grounding bonding conductor. Exception No. 2: Metal frames of electrically heated appliances, exempted by special permission, shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor, in which case the frames shall be permanently and effectively insulated from ground. (3) In residential occupancies:

(9) In other than residential occupancies:

grounding

a. bonding conductor where supplied through an isolating transformer with an ungrounded secondary of not over 50 volts.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:15:46 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1962-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.114 ]

(1) In hazardous (classified) locations (see Articles 500 through 517) (2) Where operated at over 150 actual volts to ground Exception No. 1: Motors, where guarded, shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor.

(9) In other than residential occupancies:

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses voltages that are "actual" hard limits. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

[The only changes are adding "actual" after 50 and 150]

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 18:47:06 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2217-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.116 ]

250.116 Nonelectrical Equipment. The metal parts of the following nonelectrical equipment described in this section shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor:

(1) Frames and tracks of electrically operated cranes and hoists (2) Frames of nonelectrically driven elevator cars to which electrical conductors are attached (3) Hand-operated metal shifting ropes or cables of electric elevators

Informational Note: Where extensive metal in or on buildings or structures may become energized and is subject to personal contact, adequate bonding and grounding will provide additional safety.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:19:28 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3704-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.118 ]

250.118 Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors. The equipment grounding conductor run with or enclosing the circuit conductors shall be one or more or a combination of the following:

(1) A copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum conductor. This conductor shall be solid or stranded; insulated, covered, or bare; and in the form of a wire or a busbar of any shape. (2) Rigid metal conduit. (3) Intermediate metal conduit. (4) Electrical metallic tubing. (5) Listed flexible metal conduit meeting all the following conditions: a. The conduit is terminated in listed fittings. b. The circuit conductors contained in the conduit are protected by overcurrent devices rated at 20 amperes or less. c. The size of the conduit does not exceed metric designator 35 (trade size 1¼ ). d. The combined length of flexible metal conduit and flexible metallic tubing and liquidtight flexible metal conduit in the same ground-fault current path does not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft). e. If used to connect equipment where flexibility is necessary to minimize the transmission of vibration from equipment or to provide flexibility for equipment that requires movement after installation, an equipment grounding conductor shall be installed. (6) Listed liquidtight flexible metal conduit meeting all the following conditions:

(7) The conduit is terminated in listed fittings. (8) 1 For metric designators 12 through 16 (trade sizes 3 ⁄ 8 through / ), the circuit conductors contained in the conduit are protected by overcurrent devices rated at 2 20 amperes or less.

(9) For metric designators 21 through 35 (trade sizes 3 ⁄ 4 through 1 1 ⁄ 4 ), the circuit conductors contained in the conduit are protected by overcurrent devices rated not more than 60 amperes and there is no flexible metal conduit, flexible metallic tubing, or liquidtight flexible metal conduit in trade sizes metric designators 12 through 16 (trade sizes 3 ⁄ 8 through 1 ⁄ 2 ) in the ground-fault current path. (10) The combined length of flexible metal conduit and flexible metallic tubing and liquidtight flexible metal conduit in the same ground-fault current path does not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft). (11) If used to connect equipment where flexibility is necessary to minimize the transmission of vibration from equipment or to provide flexibility for equipment that requires movement after installation, an equipment grounding conductor shall be installed.

(12) Flexible metallic tubing where the tubing is terminated in listed fittings and meeting the following conditions:

(13) The circuit conductors contained in the tubing are protected by overcurrent devices rated at 20 amperes or less. (14) The combined length of flexible metal conduit and flexible metallic tubing and liquidtight flexible metal conduit in the same ground-fault current path does not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft).

(15) Armor of Type AC cable as provided in 320.108. (16) The copper sheath of mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed cable Type MI. (17) Type MC cable that provides an effective ground-fault current path in accordance with one or more of the following:

(18) It contains an insulated or uninsulated equipment grounding conductor in compliance with 250.118 (1) (19) The combined metallic sheath and uninsulated equipment grounding/bonding conductor of interlocked metal tape–type MC cable that is listed and identified as an equipment grounding conductor (20) The metallic sheath or the combined metallic sheath and equipment grounding conductors of the smooth or corrugated tube-type MC cable that is listed and identified as an equipment grounding conductor

(21) Cable trays as permitted in 392.10 and 392.60. (22) Cablebus framework as permitted in 370.60 (1). (23) Other listed electrically continuous metal raceways and listed auxiliary gutters. (24) Surface metal raceways listed for grounding.

Informational Note: For a definition of Effective Ground-Fault Current Path, see Article 100.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This input makes the equipment grounding rules in 250.118(5) for flexible metal conduit line up with changes to the guide card limitations first published in the 2012 edition of the UL White Book. Effective with that publication, there is now an upper limit of 1¼ trade size on the permitted size of flexible metal conduit that can be used as an equipment grounding conductor. The submitter is making this public input as a mechanism to bring the matter before CMP 5 for discussion. The submitter frankly urges CMP 5 to resolve this input without making a change in the NEC.

For flexible metal conduit, the NEC has always traded off the larger overcurrent device sizing limits for liquidtight flexible metal conduit against the unlimited sizing permission for flexible metal conduit. Now, out of the blue and with no submittal having been made to the NEC Committee, UL decided to implement this highly significant change on its own. For over 40 years, the NEC has recognized flexible metal conduit in any trade size as an acceptable equipment grounding conductor as long as the overcurrent protection was limited to 20 amperes. The original jurisdiction over this rule should rest with CMP 5. If UL felt it had solid substantiation to impose the additional restriction, it should have presented a proposal in an orderly way to do so for the 2014 NEC. The guide card change could then have occurred in the context of a revision to the NEC, and not the other way around. If this input is resolved without a change recommended to the NEC, then a complaint should ensue to ANSI relative to a UL initiated change to UL 1 that squarely conflicts with this provision in the NEC.

Note that the only change intended by this public input is to add a (c) to 250.118(5). The resulting renumbering throughout the entire section is due to an apparent bug in the on-line software. After three tries using different text submittal sequences, the submitter was unable to have the input appear as intended. The submittal does reproduce correctly on my computer monitor if the electronic "hide markup" button is activated.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Frederic Hartwell Organization: Hartwell Electrical Services, Inc. Street Address: City: Panel 5 Agenda Page 272 1009 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 22:39:28 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2218-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.118 ]

250.118 Types of Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors. The equipment grounding bonding conductor run with or enclosing the circuit conductors shall be one or more or a combination of the following:

(6) The conduit is terminated in listed fittings. (7) The circuit conductors contained in the conduit are protected by overcurrent devices rated at 20 amperes or less. (8) The combined length of flexible metal conduit and flexible metallic tubing and liquidtight flexible metal conduit in the same ground-fault current path does not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft). (9) If used to connect equipment where flexibility is necessary to minimize the transmission of vibration from equipment or to provide flexibility for equipment that requires movement after installation, an equipment

grounding

a. bonding conductor shall be installed.

(10) Listed liquidtight flexible metal conduit meeting all the following conditions:

(11) The conduit is terminated in listed fittings. (12) 1 For metric designators 12 through 16 (trade sizes 3 ⁄ 8 through / ), the circuit conductors contained in the conduit are protected by overcurrent devices rated at 2 20 amperes or less.

(13) For metric designators 21 through 35 (trade sizes 3 ⁄ 4 through 1 1 ⁄ 4 ), the circuit conductors contained in the conduit are protected by overcurrent devices rated not more than 60 amperes and there is no flexible metal conduit, flexible metallic tubing, or liquidtight flexible metal conduit in trade sizes metric designators 12 through 16 (trade sizes 3 ⁄ 8 through 1 ⁄ 2 ) in the ground-fault current path. (14) The combined length of flexible metal conduit and flexible metallic tubing and liquidtight flexible metal conduit in the same ground-fault current path does not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft). (15) If used to connect equipment where flexibility is necessary to minimize the transmission of vibration from equipment or to provide flexibility for equipment that requires movement after installation, an equipment

grounding

a. bonding conductor shall be installed.

(16) Flexible metallic tubing where the tubing is terminated in listed fittings and meeting the following conditions:

(17) The circuit conductors contained in the tubing are protected by overcurrent devices rated at 20 amperes or less. (18) The combined length of flexible metal conduit and flexible metallic tubing and liquidtight flexible metal conduit in the same ground-fault current path does not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft).

(19) Armor of Type AC cable as provided in 320.108. (20) The copper sheath of mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed cable Type MI. (21) Type MC cable that provides an effective ground-fault current path in accordance with one or more of the following:

(22) It contains an insulated or uninsulated equipment

grounding

a. bonding conductor in compliance with 250.118 (1) b. The combined metallic sheath and uninsulated equipment

grounding/

a. bonding conductor of interlocked metal tape–type MC cable that is listed and identified as an equipment

grounding

a. bonding conductor b. The metallic sheath or the combined metallic sheath and equipment

grounding

a. bonding conductors of the smooth or corrugated tube-type MC cable that is listed and identified as an equipment

grounding

a. bonding conductor

(23) Cable trays as permitted in 392.10 and 392.60. (24) Cablebus framework as permitted in 370.60 (1). (25) Other listed electrically continuous metal raceways and listed auxiliary gutters. (26) Surface metal raceways listed for grounding.

Informational Note: For a definition of Effective Ground-Fault Current Path, see Article 100.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

the earth does not reduce the shock potential during a fault but, rather, may enhance it if it becomes the only path back to the source. The shock potential is the voltage drop along the conductor (equipment grounding conductor) due to fault current flowing back to the source. The shock hazard depends upon the time until the fault is cleared by an overcurrent device or some other event, thus the clearing time is a critical factor in safety. This conductor (equipment grounding conductor) is intended to protect equipment and personnel by providing a sufficiently high fault current to operate an overcurrent device and clear the fault rapidly. A low impedance fault current path can provide the necessary high fault current regardless of whether the conductor is grounded or not. It is only the fault current path and not the “grounding” that can provide the high fault current necessary to operate an overcurrent device rapidly. The term “bonding” is generally used to insure that a connection and current path is low impedance, reliable, and able to withstand the fault current. This conductor provides a basic bonding function by insuring, through proper sizing and bonding jumpers as necessary, that the connection from equipment to fault current source is both low impedance and reliable. A “bonding” function is the necessary function rather than a “grounding” function to clear a fault rapidly. A grounding function is provided by a grounding electrode conductor that connects an electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:21:40 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4644-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.118 ]

250.118 Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors. The equipment grounding conductor run with or enclosing the circuit conductors shall be one or more or a combination of the following:

(10) Listed liquidtight flexible metal conduit meeting all the following conditions:

(16) Flexible metallic tubing where the tubing is terminated in listed fittings and meeting the following conditions:

(22) It contains an insulated or uninsulated equipment grounding conductor in compliance with 250.118 (1) (23) The combined metallic sheath and uninsulated equipment grounding/bonding conductor of interlocked metal tape–type MC cable that is listed and identified as an equipment grounding conductor (24) The

metallic sheath or the

a. combined metallic sheath and equipment grounding conductors of the smooth or corrugated tube-type MC cable that is listed and identified as an equipment grounding conductor

(25) Cable trays as permitted in 392.10 and 392.60. (26) Cablebus framework as permitted in 370.60 (1). (27) Other listed electrically continuous metal raceways and listed auxiliary gutters. (28) Surface metal raceways listed for grounding.

Informational Note: For a definition of Effective Ground-Fault Current Path, see Article 100.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The purpose of this proposal is to eliminate the potentially dangerous safety condition associated with the allowed use of the metallic sheath of smooth or corrugated tube-type MC cables as a grounding conductor as allowed in Article 250.118(10)(c). It has been widely established that frequent and often undetected breakage of continuously corrugated aluminum armor occurs during installation and when the cables are subjected to periodic bending in service when required to be disconnected and reconnected in certain applications (e.g. during instrument calibration, oilwell wellhead servicing, and periodic maintenance of other equipment). In addition, these armor types are not suitable for areas of high vibration such as that associated with motors or other equipment subject to such vibration, nor in applications where even moderate continuous flexing occurs. These limitations have been recognized and addressed for many years in various industry standards including IEEE 1580, API 14F, and API 14FZ. More recently, some of these issues have been addressed in NFPA 70 2014 by the inclusion of the permitted use of Type TC-ER-HL cables (Article 501(A)(2(3) and 505.15(B)(1)(i). While it is recognized that the use of this armor as a grounding conductor is rare due to sound engineering judgement employed by users, the continuation of its permitted use in this function creates a potentially hazardous condition and should be excluded.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: GARY SAVAGE Organization: PRYSMIAN GROUP Street Address: City: State: Zip: Panel 5 Agenda Page 276 1011 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 12:57:05 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2219-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.119 ]

250.119 Identification of Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors. Unless required elsewhere in this Code, equipment grounding bonding conductors shall be permitted to be bare, covered, or insulated. Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding bonding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes except as permitted in this section. Conductors with insulation or individual covering that is green, green with one or more yellow stripes, or otherwise identified as permitted by this section shall not be used for ungrounded or grounded circuit conductors. Exception No. 1: Power-limited Class 2 or Class 3 cables, power-limited fire alarm cables, or communications cables containing only circuits operating at less than 50 volts where connected to equipment not required to be grounded bonded in accordance with 250.112 (I) shall be permitted to use a conductor with green insulation or green with one or more yellow stripes for other than equipment grounding bonding purposes. Exception No. 2: Flexible cords having an integral insulation and jacket without an equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be permitted to have a continuous outer finish that is green. Informational Note: An example of a flexible cord with integral-type insulation is Type SPT-2, 2 conductor. Exception No. 3: Conductors with green insulation shall be permitted to be used as ungrounded signal conductors where installed between the output terminations of traffic signal control and traffic signal indicating heads. Signaling circuits installed in accordance with this exception shall include an equipment grounding bonding conductor in accordance with 250.118. Wire-type equipment grounding bonding conductors shall be bare or have insulation or covering that is green with one or more yellow stripes. (A) Conductors 4 AWG and Larger. Equipment grounding bonding conductors 4 AWG and larger shall comply with 250.119(A) (1) and (A)(2).

(1) An insulated or covered conductor 4 AWG and larger shall be permitted, at the time of installation, to be permanently identified as an equipment grounding bonding conductor at each end and at every point where the conductor is accessible. Exception: Conductors 4 AWG and larger shall not be required to be marked in conduit bodies that contain no splices or unused hubs.

(2) Identification shall encircle the conductor and shall be accomplished by one of the following:

(3) Stripping the insulation or covering from the entire exposed length (4) Coloring the insulation or covering green at the termination (5) Marking the insulation or covering with green tape or green adhesive labels at the termination

(B) Multiconductor Cable. Where the conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation, one or more insulated conductors in a multiconductor cable, at the time of installation, shall be permitted to be permanently identified as equipment grounding bonding conductors at each end and at every point where the conductors are accessible by one of the following means:

(1) Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length (2) Coloring the exposed insulation green (3) Marking the exposed insulation with green tape or green adhesive labels

(C) Flexible Cord. An uninsulated equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be permitted, but, if individually covered, the covering shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:28:39 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3218-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.119 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Unless required elsewhere in this Code, equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted to be bare, covered, or insulated. Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes except as permitted in this section. Conductors with insulation or individual covering that is green, green with one or more yellow stripes, or otherwise identified as permitted by this section shall not be used for ungrounded or grounded circuit conductors. Informational Note: The color green may have been used in the past as an ungrounded conductor. Care should be taken when working on existing systems. Exception No. 1: Power-limited Class 2 or Class 3 cables, power-limited fire alarm cables, or communications cables containing only circuits operating at less than 50 volts where connected to equipment not required to be grounded in accordance with 250.112 (I) shall be permitted to use a conductor with green insulation or green with one or more yellow stripes for other than equipment grounding purposes. Exception No. 2: Flexible cords having an integral insulation and jacket without an equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to have a continuous outer finish that is green. Informational Note: An example of a flexible cord with integral-type insulation is Type SPT-2, 2 conductor. Exception No. 3: Conductors with green insulation shall be permitted to be used as ungrounded signal conductors where installed between the output terminations of traffic signal control and traffic signal indicating heads. Signaling circuits installed in accordance with this exception shall include an equipment grounding conductor in accordance with 250.118. Wire-type equipment grounding conductors shall be bare or have insulation or covering that is green with one or more yellow stripes.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Green has been used as an ungrounded conductor insulation color in the past. It presents essentially the same hazard as a gray colored insulation.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 16:40:35 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2251-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.119 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Unless required elsewhere in this Code, equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted to be bare, covered, or insulated. Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes except as permitted in this section. Conductors with insulation or individual covering that is green, green with one or more yellow stripes, or otherwise identified as permitted by this section shall not be used for ungrounded or grounded circuit conductors. Exception No. 1: Power-limited Class 2 or Class 3 cables, power-limited fire alarm cables, or communications cables containing only circuits operating at less than 50 volts where connected to equipment not required to be grounded in accordance with 250.112 (I) shall be permitted to use a conductor with green insulation or green with one or more yellow stripes for other than equipment grounding purposes. Exception No. 2: Flexible cords having an integral insulation and jacket without an equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to have a continuous outer finish that is green. Informational Note: An example of a flexible cord with integral-type insulation is Type SPT-2, 2 conductor. Exception No. 3: Conductors with green insulation shall be permitted to be used as ungrounded signal conductors where installed between the output terminations of traffic signal control and traffic signal indicating heads. Signaling circuits installed in accordance with this exception shall include an equipment grounding conductor in accordance with 250.118. Wire-type equipment grounding conductors shall be bare or have insulation or covering that is green with one or more yellow stripes. Exception No. 4: Multiconductor power and control cables smaller than 4 AWG shall be permitted to utilize a conductor with other than green insulation as an equipment grounding conductor if identified by green colored tape or other approved means at the point of terminations.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This practice is commonplace in may industrial and commercial installations. Qualified persons can readily identify a properly identrified equipment grounding conductor, and perform their work accordingly. A few inches of green tape installed in a neat and workmanlike manner at all terminations is sufficuient marking to identify these conductors.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: Bechtel Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 21 13:24:51 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1964-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.119 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Unless required elsewhere in this Code, equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted to be bare, covered, or insulated. Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes except as permitted in this section. Conductors with insulation or individual covering that is green, green with one or more yellow stripes, or otherwise identified as permitted by this section shall not be used for ungrounded or grounded circuit conductors. Exception No. 1: Power-limited Class 2 or Class 3 cables, power-limited fire alarm cables, or communications cables containing only circuits operating at less than 50 actual volts where connected to equipment not required to be grounded in accordance with 250.112 (I) shall be permitted to use a conductor with green insulation or green with one or more yellow stripes for other than equipment grounding purposes. Exception No. 2: Flexible cords having an integral insulation and jacket without an equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to have a continuous outer finish that is green. Informational Note: An example of a flexible cord with integral-type insulation is Type SPT-2, 2 conductor. Exception No. 3: Conductors with green insulation shall be permitted to be used as ungrounded signal conductors where installed between the output terminations of traffic signal control and traffic signal indicating heads. Signaling circuits installed in accordance with this exception shall include an equipment grounding conductor in accordance with 250.118. Wire-type equipment grounding conductors shall be bare or have insulation or covering that is green with one or more yellow stripes.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 18:51:51 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3380-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.119(B) ]

(B) Multiconductor Cable. Where the conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation, one One or more insulated conductors in a multiconductor cable, at the time of installation, shall be permitted to be permanently identified as equipment grounding conductors at each end and at every point where the conductors are accessible by one of the following means:

(1) Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length (2) Coloring the exposed insulation green (3) Marking the exposed insulation with green tape or green adhesive labels

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There is no logical reason why identifying the equipment grounding in multiconductor cable should be limited to qualified persons. The methods for re-identifying the conductors are clearly stated.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 23:14:12 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1696-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.119(C) ]

(C) Flexible Cord. An uninsulated equipment grounding conductor shall not be permitted, but, if individually covered, the covering shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

UL 62 Flexible Cords and Cables does not allow uninsulated equipment grounding conductors in flexible cord per section 4.1.1.8.1

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: LOWELL LISKER Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 08 11:47:54 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3370-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.119(B) ]

(1) Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length (2) Coloring the exposed insulation green (3) Marking the exposed insulation with green tape or green adhesive labels

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The change is needed as there is no logical reason why the color-coding of equipment grounding conductors in multi-conductor cables should be restricted to qualified persons.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 22:43:01 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1498-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.120(B) ]

(B) Aluminum and Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. Equipment grounding conductors of bare, covered or insulated aluminum or copper-clad aluminum shall be permitted. Bare conductors shall not come in direct contact with masonry or the earth or where subject to corrosive conditions . Aluminum or copper-clad aluminum conductors shall not be terminated within 450 mm (18 in.) of the earth unless the termination method is approved for wet locations or concrete encasement .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This language clarifies the installation requirements for aluminum and copper-clad aluminum equipment grounding conductors. Additionally, the language addressing corrosive conditions is redundant, as deteriorating agents are already addressed in 110.11.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1497-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.64(A)]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Christel Hunter Organization: General Cable Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 02 16:11:40 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4706-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.120(B) ]

(B) Aluminum and Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. Equipment grounding conductors of bare or insulated aluminum or copper-clad aluminum shall be permitted. Bare conductors shall not come in direct contact with masonry or the earth or where subject to corrosive conditions. Aluminum or copper-clad aluminum conductors shall not be terminated within 450 mm (18 in.) of the earth, unless termination is made inside of listed outdoor enclosure .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

It is common to have ground bus less than 18” from the earth in outdoor switchboards or other types of electrical equipment. We have had gear flagged by inspectors as non-conforming on outdoor installations becuase terminations inside the enclosure are within 18" of earth. The problem with NEC as it is written is that it doesn’t clarify terminations made inside an enclosure are acceptable, nor does it consider the concrete pad which would be a barrier between earth and conductor terminations.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ROB REDFOOT Organization: Eaton Corp Affilliation: employee Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 14:41:50 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4481-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.120(B) ]

(B) Aluminum and Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors. Equipment grounding conductors of bare or insulated aluminum or copper-clad aluminum shall be permitted. Bare conductors shall not come in direct contact with masonry or the earth or where subject to corrosive conditions. Aluminum or copper-clad aluminum conductors shall not be terminated within 450 mm (18 in.) of the earth. Exception, utilizing sealed wire connector systems listed and identified for direct burial shall be permitted where located below earth.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Underground aluminum service, feeder and branch circuits are allowed to have their circuit conductors repaired or splice using a listed underground method; however this termination is not allowed in the equipment grounding conductor. This new exception would allow the equipment grounding conductor to be terminated in the same manner.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Alfio Torrisi Organization: Mster electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 07:48:28 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1967-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.120(C) ]

(C)

Equipment Grounding Conductors Smaller Than 6 AWG. Where not routed with circuit conductors as permitted in 250.130(C) and 250.134(B) Exception No. 2, equipment grounding conductors smaller than 6 AWG shall be protected from physical damage

by in accordance with one of the following: (1) By an identified raceway or cable armor unless installed . (2) W here not subject to physical damage , i nstallation within hollow spaces of the framing members of buildings or structures and where not subject to physical damage .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This subsection is written in a manner that is fairly difficult to read. By accepting this proposal, the requirement is easier to read and is more clear.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: RYAN JACKSON Organization: Ryan Jackson Electrical Training Affilliation: Owner Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 18:55:53 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2399-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.121 ]

250.121 Use of Equipment Grounding Conductors. An equipment grounding conductor shall not may be used as a grounding electrode conductor . Exception: A wire-type providing the equipment grounding conductor installed in compliance is a wire type conductor and complies with 250.6(A) and the applicable requirements for both the equipment grounding conductor and the grounding electrode conductor in Parts II, III , and VI of this article shall be permitted to serve as both an equipment grounding conductor and a grounding electrode conductor .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In 2011 the NEC directly banned the used of the equipment grounding conductor as a grounding electrode conductor but then in 2014 the install was allowed by an exception which makes the installation okay in many instances. I believe the wording above simplifies the intent and makes it an easier read without changing the content of the article.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: DENNIS ALWON Organization: ALWON ELECTRIC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 24 08:03:58 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2221-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.121 ]

250.121 Use of Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors. An equipment grounding bonding conductor shall not be used as a grounding electrode conductor. Exception: A wire-type equipment grounding bonding conductor installed in compliance with 250.6(A) and the applicable requirements for both the equipment grounding bonding conductor and the grounding electrode conductor in Parts II, III, and VI of this article shall be permitted to serve as both an equipment grounding bonding conductor and a grounding electrode conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:38:07 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4799-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.121 ]

250.121 Use of Equipment Grounding Conductors. An equipment grounding conductor shall not be used as a grounding electrode conductor. Exception: A wire-type equipment grounding conductor installed in compliance with 250.6(A) and the applicable requirements for both the equipment grounding conductor and the grounding electrode conductor in Parts II, III, and VI of this article shall be permitted to serve as both an equipment grounding conductor and a grounding electrode conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This exception should be deleted since the requirements in 250.6(A) don’t even apply to the situation described in 250.121. An equipment grounding conductor on the supply side of a transformer should not be utilized as a grounding electrode conductor since there is no way to determine the impedance of the conductor based on the length of the conductor back to the grounding electrode at the source of the primary supply. This dual function conductor may introduce a large impedance value affecting the zero reference on the secondary side of the transformer. Furthermore, if a lightning strike occurred on the secondary side of the transformer, the path back to the original grounding electrode on the primary side would be on this dual function conductor. The exception that was created at the comment stage did not have public review since the person who submitted Proposal 5-190 only wanted to delete 250.121, not create an exception permitting a wire to be installed for a dual function.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 3322-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122 ]

250.122 Size of Equipment Grounding Conductors. (A) General. Copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum equipment grounding conductors of the wire type shall not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122, but in no case shall they be required to be larger than the circuit conductors supplying the equipment. Where a cable tray, a raceway, or a cable armor or sheath is used as the equipment grounding conductor, as provided in 250.118 and 250.134(A), it shall comply with 250.4(A) (5) or (B)(4) For circuits below 15A and grater than #18 AWG CU/Al/ or equivalent, the equipment ground shall be the same size as the non grounded conductor . Equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted to be sectioned within a multiconductor cable, provided the combined circular mil area complies with Table 250.122. (B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation, wire-type equipment grounding conductors, where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors. (C) Multiple Circuits. Where a single equipment grounding conductor is run with multiple circuits in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray, it shall be sized for the largest overcurrent device protecting conductors in the raceway, cable, or cable tray. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable trays shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B) (1)(c). (D) Motor Circuits. Equipment grounding conductors for motor circuits shall be sized in accordance with (D)(1) or (D)(2). (1) General. The equipment grounding conductor size shall not be smaller than determined by 250.122(A) based on the rating of the branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective device. (2) Instantaneous-Trip Circuit Breaker and Motor Short-Circuit Protector. Where the overcurrent device is an instantaneous-trip circuit breaker or a motor short-circuit protector, the equipment grounding conductor shall be sized not smaller than that given by 250.122(A) using the maximum permitted rating of a dual element time-delay fuse selected for branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection in accordance with 430.52(C) (1), Exception No. 1. (E) Flexible Cord and Fixture Wire. The equipment grounding conductor in a flexible cord with the largest circuit conductor 10 AWG or smaller, and the equipment grounding conductor used with fixture wires of any size in accordance with 240.5, shall not be smaller than 18 AWG copper and shall not be smaller than the circuit conductors. The equipment grounding conductor in a flexible cord with a circuit conductor larger than 10 AWG shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122. (F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. (G) Feeder Taps. Equipment grounding conductors run with feeder taps shall not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122 based on the rating of the overcurrent device ahead of the feeder but shall not be required to be larger than the tap conductors. Table 250.122 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and Equipment

Rating or Setting of Size (AWG or kcmil) Automatic Overcurrent Device in Circuit Ahead Aluminum or of Equipment, Conduit, etc., Not Exceeding Copper-Clad (Amperes) Copper Aluminum* 15 14 12 20 12 10 60 10 8 100 86 200 64 300 42 400 31 500 2 1/0 600 1 2/0 800 1/0 3/0 1000 2/0 4/0 1200 3/0 250 1600 4/0 350 2000 250 400 2500 350 600 3000 400 600 4000 500 750 5000 700 1200 6000 800 1200

Note: Where necessary to comply with 250.4(A)(5) or (B)(4), the equipment grounding conductor shall be sized larger than given in this table. *See installation restrictions in 250.120.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved 18_9_al_amp_tables.xlsx 18 to 7 al/cu amp table table_3_hp_currents.xlsx 1000v hp tables fla table_4_max_let-thr.xlsx 3 phase xfmr let through currents

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

As seen by the attached spread sheets and 310.15b and 240.6 comments, for the 1000v systems we need smaller phase conductors and smaller grounds. Additionally we can not restrict grounds to just copper, aluminum has its place

Submitter Information Verification Panel 5 Agenda Page 292 1030 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 21:10:49 EST 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 293 1031 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM 1000V 3 conductor Ampacity Table Comparisons at 30° C Planned CODE Allowed Copper Aluminum tested maximum Stranded Solid <11 Ampacities Amps Amps Amps AWG AWG mm2 Area at 90° C at 60° C at 75° C at 90° C 18 0.823 14 6 7 7 17 1.04 14 6 7 7 16 1.31 18 8 10 10 15 1.65 18 8 10 10 14 2.08 25 15 20 25 13 2.62 22 15 20 20 12 3.31 30 20 25 30 11 4.17 28 20 25 25 10 5.26 40 30 35 40 9 6.63 38 25 30 35 8 8.37 55 40 50 55 7 10.5 54 40 45 50

Panel 5 Agenda Page 294 3 phase 480v 1000v hp ampacity FLA comparisons Potential Potential Maximum IEC NEMA 480V HP Maximum 480V Typical 480V Locked 1000V HP 1000V Current FLA Potential 1000V RATING RATING Rating Current FLA Rating Rotor Rating Rating Rating Locked Rotor Rating

12A 00 2 3.4 20 4 3.1 18 A #18 CU/#17 AL will carry up to a 4 hp 1000 V motor 12A 0 5 7.6 46 10 7.7 46 A #16 CU/#15 AL will carry up to a 10 hp 1000 V motor 18A 1 10 14 84 20 13.6 82 32A 2 25 34 204 50 34.0 204 63A 3 50 65 390 100 67.9 408 97A 4 used 60 77 462 125 80.2 481 97A 4 used 75 96 576 150 96.2 577 4 100 124 744 200 121.6 729 5 used 125 156 936 250 151.9 912 5 used 150 180 1260 300 182.3 1276 5 used 200 240 1680 400 243.1 1702 5 250 302 2416 500 303.9 2431 6 400 477 3816 800 486.2 3890

Panel 5 Agenda Page 295 3‐phase transformer let‐through AFC Levels Irated times 100 divided by %Z 3 phase secondary 1.50% 3% 4% 5% 6% 8% Kva Irated Maximum Isec Fault for various %Z 45 26 1732 866 650 520 433 325 75 43 2887 1443 1083 866 722 541 112.5 65 4330 2165 1624 1299 1083 812 150 87 5774 2887 2165 1732 1443 1083 225 130 8661 4330 3248 2598 2165 1624 300 173 11547 5774 4330 3464 2887 2165 500 289 19246 9623 7217 5774 4811 3609 750 433 28868 14434 10826 8661 7217 5413 1000 577 38491 19246 14434 11547 9623 7217 1200 693 23095 17321 13857 11547 8661 1500 866 28868 21651 17321 14434 10826 2000 1155 38491 28868 23095 19246 14434 2500 1443 48114 36085 28868 24057 18043

3000 1732 57737 43303 34642 28868 21651

5000 2887 96228 72171 57737 48114 36085

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Public Input No. 2222-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122 ]

250.122 Size of Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors. (A) General. Copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum equipment grounding bonding conductors of the wire type shall not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122, but in no case shall they be required to be larger than the circuit conductors supplying the equipment. Where a cable tray, a raceway, or a cable armor or sheath is used as the equipment grounding bonding conductor, as provided in 250.118 and 250.134(A), it shall comply with 250.4(A) (5) or (B)(4). Equipment grounding bonding conductors shall be permitted to be sectioned within a multiconductor cable, provided the combined circular mil area complies with Table 250.122. (B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation, wire-type equipment grounding bonding conductors, where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors. (C) Multiple Circuits. Where a single equipment grounding bonding conductor is run with multiple circuits in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray, it shall be sized for the largest overcurrent device protecting conductors in the raceway, cable, or cable tray. Equipment grounding bonding conductors installed in cable trays shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B) (1)(c). (D) Motor Circuits. Equipment grounding bonding conductors for motor circuits shall be sized in accordance with (D)(1) or (D)(2). (1) General. The equipment grounding bonding conductor size shall not be smaller than determined by 250.122(A) based on the rating of the branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective device. (2) Instantaneous-Trip Circuit Breaker and Motor Short-Circuit Protector. Where the overcurrent device is an instantaneous-trip circuit breaker or a motor short-circuit protector, the equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be sized not smaller than that given by 250.122(A) using the maximum permitted rating of a dual element time-delay fuse selected for branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection in accordance with 430.52(C) (1), Exception No. 1. (E) Flexible Cord and Fixture Wire. The equipment grounding bonding conductor in a flexible cord with the largest circuit conductor 10 AWG or smaller, and the equipment grounding bonding conductor used with fixture wires of any size in accordance with 240.5, shall not be smaller than 18 AWG copper and shall not be smaller than the circuit conductors. The equipment grounding bonding conductor in a flexible cord with a circuit conductor larger than 10 AWG shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122. (F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding bonding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding bonding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. (G) Feeder Taps. Equipment grounding bonding conductors run with feeder taps shall not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122 based on the rating of the overcurrent device ahead of the feeder but shall not be required to be larger than the tap conductors. Table 250.122 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors for Grounding Bonding Raceway and Equipment

Rating or Setting of Size (AWG or kcmil) Automatic Overcurrent Device in Circuit Ahead Aluminum or of Equipment, Conduit, etc., Not Exceeding Copper-Clad (Amperes) Copper Aluminum* 15 14 12 20 12 10 60 10 8 100 8 6 200 6 4 300 4 2 400 3 1 500 2 1/0 600 1 2/0 800 1/0 3/0 1000 2/0 4/0 1200 3/0 250 1600 4/0 350 2000 250 400 2500 350 600 3000 400 600 4000 500 750 5000 700 1200 6000 800 1200

Note: Where necessary to comply with 250.4(A)(5) or (B)(4), the equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be sized larger than given in this table. *See installation restrictions in 250.120.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

electrical system source to the earth. An overcurrent device operates in a time interval based upon the current through it. That current depends upon proper bonding to the source and is relatively independent of connection to the grounding electrode at the source where the overcurrent device is located. The use of the term “equipment bonding conductor” would better describe the function of this important conductor instead of the term “equipment grounding conductor”. “Systems” are “grounded”, “equipment” is “bonded”. Making this change would also bring the NEC into conformity with the Canadian Electrical Code which uses the term “equipment bonding conductor”. Code Panel 5 members have often stated that those in the industry understand what the purpose of the equipment grounding conductor is for. The Panel members understand this also. There are, however, many people doing electrical work who don’t understand and think connecting equipment to a local grounding electrode accomplishes the same objective as an equipment grounding conductor. This is apparent from the large number of questions that are asked at IAEI inspectors meetings, grounding classes, and as documented recently in the July/August 2014 issue of the NFPA Journal under the title “Pool Rules”. Just ask the inspectors and the teachers. Changing the terminology will serve to make it clear that the principal function of this conductor is to bond the equipment being protected to the source where the fault current originates. Changing the terminology will not confuse those that understand the proper purpose of this bonding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:41:08 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4009-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(A) ]

(A) General. Copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum equipment grounding conductors of the wire type shall not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122, but in no case shall they be required to be larger than the circuit conductors supplying the equipment. Where a cable tray, a raceway, or a cable armor or sheath is used as the equipment grounding conductor, as provided in 250.118 and 250.134(A), it shall comply with 250.4(A) (5) or (B)(4). Equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted to be sectioned within a multiconductor cable, provided the combined circular mil area complies with Table 250.122. For grounded systems of supervised industrial installations, where ground fault protection of equipment is provided under engineering supervision, tested and calibrated before being placed into operation, and at intervals required by the manufacturer, the equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to be sized based upon the setting of the ground fault protective device.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

GFPE protection is now required for grounded system services, feeders, and branch circuits operating at over 1,000 amps and 480/277 3 phase 4 wire wye. In industry, these systems are designed by electrical engineers, installed by qualified person electrical workers, and then tested and calibrated by OSHA-Certified Testing Organizations. Where load conditions change or increase, the flexibility of being able to size the EGC based upon the already trip tested and verifed trip level would be very helpful and would save cost, while still protecting the equipment from arcing ground faults, which is the purpose of GFPE.

Thank you.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: Bechtel Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 05 19:09:49 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1313-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(A) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

A problem could occur during a ground fault in a cable with sectioned equipment grounding conductors. This could cause a disproportionate share of the fault current to be carried on one of the sectioned equipment grounding conductors. The sectioned equipment grounding conductor may not be large enough to carry the fault current for a sufficient length of time to permit the overcurrent device to open before the conductor is heated to the point where it will be damaged.

A single equipment grounding conductor sized per Table 250.122 is the only means to assure that the equipment grounding conductor will carry the fault current for a sufficient length of time to permit the overcurrent device to open before the conductor is heated to the point where it will be damaged.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: RALPH PRICHARD Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 18 15:39:01 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1312-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(A) ]

(A) General. Copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum equipment grounding conductors of the wire type shall be bare and not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122, but in no case shall they be required to be larger than the circuit conductors supplying the equipment. Where a cable tray, a raceway, or a cable armor or sheath is used as the equipment grounding conductor, as provided in 250.118 and 250.134(A), it shall comply with 250.4(A) (5) or (B)(4). Equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted to be sectioned within a multiconductor cable, provided the combined circular mil area complies with Table 250.122.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There could be a problem if the equipment grounding conductor is insulated which would prevent a good ground fault return path. The equipment grounding conductor must be bare to allow a ground fault along the path to safely operate the overcurrent protective device. There is no way to insure that an equipment grounding conductor will conduct any current if it is insulated and one of the phase conductors fails. There is the potential of an earth path that could create an unsafe condition if the overcurrent device does not operate due to the earth path limiting the ground fault current. The common practice of running 4/C #12 or 4/C #10 to small motors of loads and re-identifying one of the conductors as the equipment grounding conductor does not insure that a phase conductor failure will operate the overcurrent protective device. The same is true where an insulated equipment grounding conductor is run with single conductors.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: RALPH PRICHARD Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 18 15:34:49 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4245-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(A) ]

(A) General. Copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum equipment grounding conductors of the wire type shall not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122, but in no case shall they be required to be larger than the circuit conductors supplying the equipment. Where a cable tray, a raceway, or a cable armor or sheath is used as the equipment grounding conductor, as provided in 250.118 and 250.134(A), it shall comply with 250.4(A) (5) or (B)(4). Equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted to be sectioned within a multiconductor cable, provided the combined circular mil area complies with Table 250.122. For grounded systems of supervised industrial installations, where ground fault protection of equipment (GFPE)is designed by professional electrical engineers and the GFPE protection is tested and calibrated by a qualified person or organization before placed into operation, and at intervals required by the manufacturer, the equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to be sized based upon the setting of the ground fault protective device.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

GFPE protection is now required branch circuits, in addition to grounded system services and feeders operating at over 1,000 amps and 480/277 3 phase 4 wire wye. In industry, these systems are designed by electrical engineers, installed by qualified person electrical workers, and then tested and calibrated by OSHA-Certified Testing Organizations. Where load conditions change or increase, the flexibility of being able to size the EGC based upon the already trip tested and verifed trip level would be very helpful and would save cost, while still protecting the equipment from arcing ground faults, which is the purpose of GFPE.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 16:29:14 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 544-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

(B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation , wire-type equipment grounding conductors, where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors. The application of adjustment or correction factors for conditions of use shall not apply to equipment grounding conductors.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

To provide clarity on proportional adjustment of an EGC. The average installer believes that increases in ungrounded conductors regardless of the reason should result in an increase in the size of the EGC. The section being technically correct does not go the extra step to really indicate or clarify the conditions where the EGC does not have to increase.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: WILLIAM GROSS Organization: Tri-City Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu May 01 08:43:22 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3595-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

(B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size for voltage drop or to comply with manufacturer's instructions, from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation, wire-type equipment grounding conductors, where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

I agree that increasing the size of the equipment grounding conductor the same size in the percentage increase as the ungrounded conductors have been iincreased is totally appropriate and should be required by the NEC.

Also, if a manufacturer - in their instructions iincluded with their product NRTL Listing and Labeling - requires that a larger size of conductor be installed, as an equipment grounding conductor, it shall be installed. no argument there. I

However, sometimes, in the field, ungrounded conductors are installed because the contractor does not have a particular size of wire on the truck, but does have another size that is slightly larger.

For example, for certain lighting installation, a 100 foot long 20-ampere rated circuit, after ampacity correction and adjustment, ungrounded size 12 AWG conductors are required.

However, the contractor does not have that certain color of 12 AWG conductors on the truck, but does have the required color in 10 AWG size.

He therefore chooses to install the 10 AWG conductors of the proper color, and along with them, a 12 AWG green insulated copper equipment grounding conductor. He completes the job, and heads down the road. The installation is legal, because after all, this is a 20-ampere circuit. and, the larger size 10 AWG conductors actually lessen the total impedance and even better 'facilitate the opening of the overcurrent device' in the case of a ground fault.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: MICHAEL WEITZEL Organization: Bechtel Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 17:09:06 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3323-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

(B) Increased in Size. Where If ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation before the application of any adjustment or correction factor(s) , wire-type equipment grounding conductors , where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area . The increase in size shall be in the same proportion as the increase in the size of the ungrounded conductors using their circular mil area .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In an attempt to clarify this section in the last revision cycle, it appears an error was made. Equipment grounding conductors are subject to the same environmental conditions as the ungrounded and grounded conductors they supplement or support. Thus they must be increased in size in the same proportion as grounded and ungrounded conductors are. Changes proposed for the new last sentence are intended to be an editorial improvement.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 21:13:12 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3230-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

(B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation greater than the minimum size required by this Code , wire-type equipment grounding conductors , where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately sized according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors Table 250.122 based on the highest standard overcurrent protection device rating permitted in accordance with Article 240. Informational Note: Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size is to compensate for voltage drop, sizing in accordance with this section may not provide an effective fault current path .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The initial requirement of this subsection first appeared in the 1975 edition within 250-95: “When conductors are adjusted in size to compensate for voltage drop, grounding conductors, where required, shall be adjusted proportionately in size.” Compensation for voltage drop remained the focus through nine editions covering 27 years. In the 2002 edition focus changed to include any reason for the increase in size and extended the requirement to all [wire-type] equipment grounding conductors, not just those required. The substantiation provided was, “The current text is limited to voltage drop only and is subject to abuse and misinterpretation (e.g. it was done per the plans, not for voltage drop). The manufacturers directions often call for conductor to be increased in size, with no explanation for why the ungrounded conductors size is increased, with no corresponding requirement for the equipment grounding conductor to be increased.”

The premise for including reasons other than for voltage drop compensation is unclear. There is no supporting physics nor was any empirical evidence provided. Acceptance seems to have been based entirely on speculation. One pro argument is ungrounded conductors increased in size also increase the available short-circuit current at the point of fault. The counter argument is two-fold: 1) the overcurrent protective device at the supply end is supposed to be rated for the available fault current, and 2) increasing the available short-circuit current at the point of fault serves to trip the overcurrent device faster, even with no increase in size of the equipment grounding conductor (EGC). So the only safety concern is when an ungrounded conductor faults to non-bonded, non-current-carrying conductive parts. The size of the EGC in this instance is moot.

Another counter argument is the overcurrent protective device rating could be increased such that the ungrounded conductors would not be considered increased in size, where the minimum required EGC size would be smaller than one increased in size to comply with current text. A circuit of lesser rating certainly should not require a larger EGC than one of a higher rating. This latter argument is the basis for the proposed revision.

Additionally, the original requirement only applied to instances where a wire-type equipment grounding conductor was required. Current text makes no concession for a redundant wire-type EGC, such as where a metallic raceway wiring method is utilized. It has been proven that most metallic raceways provide a more effective fault current path than a minimum-sized wire-type EGC by itself. And both together provide an even more effective path. Additionally, where an EGC-qualifying metallic raceway wiring method is used, the effectiveness of both the raceway and redundant wire-type EGC is likely already a more effective fault path than is a sole wire-type EGC increased in size. With many installations being economically rather than quality driven, the designer may opt to omit a redundant wire-type EGC to reduce cost and/or increase profit. Installing a redundant wire-type EGC is certainly more desirable.

A side benefit of this revision is off-the-shelf cables could be used in many of these situations. Current text often requires custom-ordered or not-stocked cables to be used, where ungrounded conductors are larger than 10AWG.

Code has historically avoided any requirement for voltage drop compensation, currently relegating any such consideration to Informational Notes only. With no allowable voltage drop requirement, there is no way to assure a wire-type EGC will provide an effective fault current path. Consider a branch circuit designed for 3% voltage drop versus one designed for 10%. Though 10% is greater than recommended, it is not unheard of. As such, a circuit designed for 10% voltage drop would likely require a larger EGC than the circuit designed for 3% voltage drop. Given this consideration, I recommend voltage drop considerations in this matter be relegated to an Informational Note. I leave it to others to append any sizing recommendation… such as proportionate increase in size.

In lieu of an Informational Note, an alternative would be to restore the original intent to proportionately increase the size of a required wire-type EGC (i.e. in addition to the proposed revision). I considered proposing a comprehensive calculation method, under engineering support or using software (such as GEMI) acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. But I’m of the impression it would meet with disdain among trade persons with conservative notions. So I’ll also leave that to others for consideration.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JOSEPH HREN Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 17:03:20 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1910-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

(B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation, required by 210.19(A)(1)(a), 215.2(A)(1)(a), or 230.42(A)(1), wire-type equipment grounding conductors, where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The current text requires no increase in size of equipment grounding conductors when ungrounded conductors are increased, even dramatically increased, due to the application of correction or adjustment factors because those increases are, by definition, part of "sufficient ampacity." Since equipment grounding conductors are sized based on the rating of the overcurrent device, increases in the size of equipment grounding conductors should be based on the difference from a conductor that matches the overcurrent device rating under the rules of 210.19, 210.20, 215.2, 215.3, and 230.42.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: NOEL WILLIAMS Organization: Self Affilliation: None Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 12:27:43 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1132-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

According to ‘NEC 2014 Analysis of Changes’ workbook: “the equipment grounding conductors are not required to be increased in size when the ungrounded conductors are already installed oversized or above the minimum sizes required for sufficient ampacity for the intended load.”

Increasing the grounding conductor size proportionate to the ungrounded conductor size is always the right thing to do. For voltage drop, we need to ensure the grounding conductor has the ampacity to safely carry a fault current. If the ungrounded conductors were increased in size where voltage drop was not a concern, the increased area of the ungrounded conductors increases the available fault current values present at the oversized ungrounded conductors location thus necessitates the proportionately increased circular mil area of the grounding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Norman Feck Organization: State of Colorado Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Aug 26 20:30:26 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1111-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

(B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation, wire-type equipment grounding conductors, where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors. Informational Note: AWG gauge numbers are intended to indicate a proportional change in cross sectional area. Conventional circular mil area values of AWG sizes are rounded to four significant figures.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved Increased_In_Size_ratios.pdf Supporting tables

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

AWG sizing is intended to be proportional changes in cross sectional area. However, conventional AWG circular mil areas are rounded to 4 significant figures per ASTM B258. As a result of rounding, the ratio of cmil areas become slightly disproportionate. When a proportional calculation is made with these rounded values, and the result is not rounded to 4 significant figures, the result can be interpreted as requiring an increase of the equipment grounding conductor one, perhaps two AWG sizes larger than necessary.

Example: A lengthy 60A circuit, where the normally sufficient minimum size is 6AWG, is upsized to 4AWG to compensate for voltage drop. This circuit normally requires a 10AWG equipment grounding conductor. Calculation of the proportionate increase required for the equipment grounding conductor is 41,740 ÷ 26,240 × 10,380 = 16,511, rounded to nearest whole number, which is typically how results are rounded in NEC calculations.

Note 8AWG is 16,510 cmil. Many believe the preceding calculation result requires the equipment grounding conductor to be upsized to 6AWG. A 7AWG conductor would be sufficient, but 7AWG wire is not a recognized size. Applying the rules of significant figures,the preceding calculation result would be 16,510. An 8AWG conductor is sufficient.

Additionally, rounding to 4 significant figures makes proportionate increases correlate with the original intent of AWG sizing. An increase involving only AWG sizes can be determined by the incremental change of gauge number. Using the preceding example: 4AWG - 6AWG + 10AWG = 8AWG

The following tables show the AWG conductor size changes that are affected, and the maximum difference is 0.105%. [Tables in attached file]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JOSEPH HREN Organization: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sun Aug 24 07:20:30 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1033-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(B) ]

(B) Increased in Size. Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size from the minimum size that has sufficient ampacity for the intended installation, wire-type equipment grounding conductors, where installed, shall be increased in size proportionately according to the circular mil area of the ungrounded conductors. add the following subsections: The provisions of this section shall not apply to the disconnecting mean s for the following:

(1) Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size solely for the purpose of energy efficiency, the equipment grounding conductor shall not be required to be increased in size. (2) Where ungrounded conductors are increased in size solely to compensate for temperature deration, the equipment grounding conductor shall not be required to be increased in size.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Prior to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code it was permitted to increase the ungrounded conductor size for efficiency reasons and not increase the size of the equipment grounding conductor. Additionally it was acceptable to increase the ungrounded conductor size, and not the equipment grounding conductor, when conductors were increased in size to compensate for the ambient temperature which the conductors were installed in.

For 2002 a code change was submitted to require that anytime ungrounded conductors were increased in size the equipment grounding conductor was to be increased in size proportionally. The substantiation used at that time, per submittal 5-264 for the 2002 Report on Proposals read:

SUBSTANTIATION: The current text is limited to voltage drop only and is subject to abuse and misinterpretation (e.g. it was done per the plans, not for voltage drop). The manufacturers directions often call for conductor to be increased in size, with no explanation for why the ungrounded conductors size is increased, with no corresponding requirement for the equipment grounding conductor to be increased.

While the submission was based upon good intentions, it was not a good technical substantiation of a problem. The abuse of the code, or the misinterpretation of the code, is not technical substantiation. Many sections of the Code are abused and/or misunderstood on a daily basis, this is not just cause to change the application or intent of the code. It is however a substantive reason to alter the text of the code to make the intent clear.

Support for this position is found in section 90.1(C) Intention. “This Code is not intended as a design specification or an instruction manual for untrained persons.” If individuals inspecting, installing or designing electrical systems are not clear as to the intent of the code, then they are responsible for attaining a level of competency through training and study to properly apply this standard.

Individuals must, on a daily basis, make judgments on the application of the code. When electrical systems are designed, there are numerous requirements that must be complied with.

There is no requirement for the designers to establish the design intent or their thought process. They do not need to publish or provide a basis of design for each project nor is the design intent required to be plain, clear or obvious to the individuals making inspections or reviews. What must be clearly demonstrated is that the design or installation is compliant with the codes in effect at the time of the installation. That said it is however incumbent upon the AHJ, as well as those who design and install these systems, to know and understand the code and verify compliance. In some circumstances it will be necessary to clarify or qualify what a technician was or is attempting to attain, but this is not the case in all cases.

In this case it should not be necessary to explain why the ungrounded conductors were increased in size. The AHJ must be able to review the documents and see if there is a legitimate concern regarding the application of the code. What is the length of the conductor? What is the load? Is the ambient temperature a concern? Based upon these observations the individuals involved must correctly apply the code. The property owner, who ultimately is responsible for the cost of the installation, should not be responsible to pay for undue or unnecessary equipment. In the case of increasing the size of the ungrounded conductor for temperature concerns, there is no valid reason to increase the equipment ground size. The same is true where conductors are increased solely for efficiency reasons, increasing the equipment ground size will not have an appreciable effect on the circuit or feeder being able to clear a ground fault.

If in reviewing the aforementioned installation the resistance of the circuit appears such that there may be an issue in clearing an overcurrent device during a fault then that certainly must be clarified and addressed but not by mandating that all equipment grounds be increased in size for any reason.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Mark Ptashkin Organization: MEP Consulting Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Aug 07 11:15:35 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4103-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

(F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. Exception: Where the equipment grounding conductor is contained in a multiconductor tray cable, installed in tray, and that equipment grounding conductor does not meet these requirements, a supplemental equipment grounding conductor meeting the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c) shall be permitted and shall be bonded to all equipment grounding conductors present in the installation.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Tray cable comes in standard configurations and ordering custom configurations to meet this requirement is often impossible unless minimum run quantities are met. In these instances, it should be permissible to provide a supplemental equipment grounding conductor in the same tray as long as all equipment grounding conductors are bonded together to create a safe condition. A fault in a single cable, then, won't create an unsafe condition as the supplemental equipment grounding conductor is installed.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Richard Holub Organization: The DuPont Company, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 07:41:15 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3521-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

(F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. Exception: Where listed cables containing conductors installed in parallel are installed in cable tray, a separate equipment grounding conductor sized in accordance with Table 250.122 may be used in combination with any equipment grounding conductors found within the cable. The equipment grounding conductors inside the cables shall be sized no smaller than the proportional amount of current they carry in the circuit multiplied by the circular mil size of the equipment grounding conductor size required by Table 250.122.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The purpose of this exception would be to allow a full sized equipment grounding conductor in cable tray, as is allowed for multiple single circuits, to be run with cable type wiring methods. Cable type wiring methods usually have an equipment grounding conductor sized according to the applicable UL standard; limiting this exception to "listed" cables would ensure the presence of the equipment grounding conductor. However, this may or may not be large enough to satisfy the requirements in Table 250.122 for parallel runs. Running a separate EGC in the cable tray would provide adequate fault current path while allowing the use of commercially available cable wiring methods.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Christel Hunter Organization: General Cable Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 13:31:10 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3329-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

(F) Conductors in Parallel. Where If conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where If conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The NEC Style Manual indicates that the word "if" should be used to indicate a condition whereas "where" should indicate a location. See Section 3.3.4 of the Style Manual.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Phil Simmons Organization: Simmons Electrical Services Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 21:24:46 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1916-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

(F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. For mutli-conductor cables that are protected by a Ground Fault Protective Device, the Ground Fault Protective Device shall be set such that the individual multi-conductor equipment grounding conductor ampacity is not exceed.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This change would allow standard manufacturered multi-conductors cables to be used in lue of customed ordered (Long lead Time) multi-conductor cables. The equipment grounding conductors would be protected by the GF Protective Device setting in the event of a fault condition.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: HEIKO STUGG Organization: CH2MHILL Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 14:20:07 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1315-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There is a problem with the interpretation of this section. Many engineers believe that he intent of the Code is to simply have a fully-sized equipment grounding conductor for each parallel path. Installing a 1/C cable with each standard multiconductor cable in parallel is a common installation that provides a supplemental ground fault return path.

This change will address the interpretation of this section and by the panel statement clarify the requirement.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: RALPH PRICHARD Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 18 16:13:37 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 330-NFPA 70-2014 [ Global Input ]

NOTE: The following Public Input appeared as Rejected but held (Hold) in Public Comment No. 5-77 (Log #1337) of the A2013 Second Draft Report (ROC) for NFPA 70 and per the Regs. at 4.4.8.3.1.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved 5-77.pdf 5-77 5-201a.pdf P5-201a

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

See the Uploaded File for Recommendation text.

Substantiation: Continue to accept the proposal in concept but add the provided option. Admittedly the proposed sentence does not blend well with the other language but I want to put the concept before the panel. Base on the 2011 NEC a parallel conductor installation in multiple raceways requires a full size equipment grounding conductor in each raceway. The Equipment grounding conductor is sized based on the overcurrent device protecting the ungrounded conductors. But if the ungrounded conductors are not protected on their supply side, such as the secondary conductors of a transformer with no overcurrent protection at the supply, the supply side bonding jumper is sized based on the largest ungrounded conductor in the raceway using. So without overcurrent protection the "fault carrying conductor" in the raceway is considerably smaller than the equipment grounding conductor as presently required with overcurrent protection. The reason for this proposal it to provide this concept to the panel for discussion.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: NEC on CMP5 Organization: NEC on CMP5 Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Feb 26 13:10:35 EST 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 316 43 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM Report on Comments – June 2013 NFPA 70 ______5-77 Log #1337 NEC-P05 Final Action: Hold 064354B13425591720128 (250.122(F)) ______Submitter: Paul Dobrowsky, Holley, NY Comment on Proposal No: 5-201a Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: (1) If conductors are installed in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), wire type equipment grounding conductors, if installed, shall be in parallel in each raceway or cable and shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded conductor installed in each raceway or cable. Alternatively the equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to be sized based on 250.102(C) based on the largest ungrounded conductor in the raceway. Substantiation: Continue to accept the proposal in concept but add the provided option. Admittedly the proposed sentence does not blend well with the other language but I want to put the concept before the panel. Base on the 2011 NEC a parallel conductor installation in multiple raceways requires a full size equipment grounding conductor in each raceway. The Equipment grounding conductor is sized based on the overcurrent device protecting the ungrounded conductors. But if the ungrounded conductors are not protected on their supply side, such as the secondary conductors of a transformer with no overcurrent protection at the supply, the supply side bonding jumper is sized based on the largest ungrounded conductor in the raceway using. So without overcurrent protection the "fault carrying conductor" in the raceway is considerably smaller than the equipment grounding conductor as presently required with overcurrent protection. The reason for this proposal it to provide this concept to the panel for discussion. Panel Meeting Action: Hold Panel Statement: This comment introduces a concept that has not had public review. Number Eligible to Vote: 16 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 14 Negative: 2 Explanation of Negative: BRETT, JR., M.: See my explanation of Negative vote on Comment 5-74. The submitter did not provide any substantiation but only presented the concept for panel discussion. PICARD, P.: See my explanation of negative vote on Comment 5-74.

Printed on 2/26/2014 1 Panel 5 Agenda Page 317 Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 ______5-201a Log #CP503 NEC-P05 Final Action: Accept 045394T1344182192012F (250.122(F)) ______Submitter: Code-Making Panel 5, Recommendation: Revised 250.122(F) to read as follows: (F) Conductors in Parallel. Where Cconductors are installed in parallel shall have equipment grounding conductors installed in accordance with (1) or (2). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. (1) If conductors are installed in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the wire type equipment grounding conductors, where used if installed, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable and shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded conductor installed in each raceway or cable. Exception: Under engineering supervision in industrial locations the total area of the combined equipment grounding conductors of the wire type shall not be less than the circular mill area specified in Table 250.122. The individual equipment grounding conductors shall not be smaller than 6 AWG copper or 4 AWG aluminum. (2) If Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122.

Substantiation: The revision separates the two conditions of multiple raceways or cable and single raceways or cables. The revised text provides better clarity and usability to the installers and inspectors. The text was also revised to clarify that for feeders or branch circuits where the equipment grounding conductor in the raceway could become larger than the ungrounded conductors, the equipment grounding conductor is not required to be larger than the enclosed ungrounded conductor. This makes this provision consistent with 250.122(A) where it was not clear which section took precedence. The new exception allows industrial installations which are designed under engineering supervision to utilize standard cables applied in parallel. The exception also includes similar provisions for raceways.

Panel Meeting Action: Accept Number Eligible to Vote: 16 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 13 Negative: 3 Explanation of Negative: BRENDER, D.: This proposal should be rejected. Inadequate substantiation is provided for the new exception. The exception does not require the engineer to be qualified as an electrical engineer. Nor does it require the people who will install, service and maintain the wire with a reduced size equipment grounding conductor to be qualified in any way. This section has required for decades that the minimum size equipment grounding conductor must be determined by Table 250.122 based upon the rating of the overcurrent protective device. Now, without any substantiation, the exception will allow an unqualified engineer to select a smaller equipment grounding conductor without restriction so long as the equipment grounding conductor is not smaller than 6 AWG copper or 4 AWG aluminum. This permission applies to wire pulled into raceways as well as to wire installed in cable. The exception should require the cable be listed to ensure proper construction. The electrical inspector will have his or her hands tied and be required to accept an installation that does not satisfy this long-standing rule. For other proposers, the Panel would require a Fact-Finding Study to prove the validity of such a significant change and radical departure from the long-standing rule. The issue of equipment grounding conductors installed in parallel is addressed in the National Electrical Code Handbook. Here are two paragraphs that apply to this proposed change, “The full-sized equipment grounding conductor is required to prevent overloading and possible burnout of the conductor should a ground fault occur along one of the parallel branches. The installation conditions for paralleled conductors prescribed in 310.10(H) result in proportional distribution of the current-time duty among the several paralleled grounding conductors only for overcurrent conditions downstream of the paralleled set of circuit conductors. "Exhibit 250.51 shows a parallel arrangement with two nonmetallic conduits installed underground. For clarity, a one-line diagram with equipment grounding conductors is shown. A ground fault at the enclosure will cause the equipment grounding conductor in the top conduit to carry more than its proportionate share of fault current. The fault is fed by two different conductors of the same phase, one from the left and one from the right. The shortest and

Printed on 3/6/2014 1 Panel 5 Agenda Page 318 Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 lowest-impedance path to ground from the fault to the supply panelboard is through the equipment grounding conductor in the top conduit. The grounding path from the fault through the bottom conduit is longer and of higher impedance. Therefore, the equipment grounding conductor in each raceway must be capable of carrying a major portion of the fault current without burning open." Those who crafted this proposal should be required to disprove the theory explained in the NEC Handbook. BRETT, JR., M.: There was no substantiation provided to support the new exception. This proposed idea to allow a reduced EGC has been before this committee for several cycles and each time the committee has requested supporting data, none has been provided from the proponents. The EGC provides fire & life safety functions important to the entire electrical system integrity and the safety of the occupants of the installation. This proposal should be rejected until data to support this proposal has been supplied. The proposed text would allow an engineer regardless of his qualifications to allow this reduced EGC. WILLIAMS, D.: In the past few code cycles, proposals have been submitted to reduce the size of the equipment grounding conductor when paralleled. The panel has requested that submitters provide substantial evidence and case studies that reducing the conductor size provides a safe installation. The panel did not agree that proposal 5-204 provided the technical substantiation requested in order to make a change. The panel then created a panel proposal to reduce the requirement without sufficient substantiation. This should be rejected. This proposed change does not allow the authority having jurisdiction a provision to require this installation to be supervised by a qualified engineer. A civil or sanitation engineer could supervise this installation and there is not a requirement the the AHJ to approve the design. Comment on Affirmative: BOWMER, T.: I agree with the principle and objective of the revisions to 250.122F and it improve codes usability. However, the revised text as written has grammatical problems. The introduction paragraph of 250.122F preamble states `…. installed in accordance with (1) or (2). …” whereas item (1) defines not only installation configurations but also sizing of the EGC. The 250.122(F)(1) exception is all about sizing options for the EGCs in parallel circuits. The first sentence of 250.122(F) should read “…Conductors installed in parallel shall have equipment grounding conductors installed and sized in accordance with (1) or (2) “. LEVASSEUR, P.: The general rule, in 250.122(A), that the equipment-grounding conductor is not required to be larger than the circuit conductors supplying the equipment, now refers to the equivalent area of the ungrounded circuit conductors installed in each raceway or cable. The panel has changed how the general rule is applied if conductors are installed in parallel. The new exception will now allow the size of wire type equipment-grounding conductors referred to in table 250.122 to be the sum of the circular mil area of parallel installed equipment-grounding conductors. This is also a significant change from panel statements in previous code cycles. It is appropriate to limit this application to industrial installations under engineering supervision.

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Public Input No. 1314-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

(F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in Conductors installed in parallel shall have equipment grounding conductors installed in accordance with (1) or (2). (1) If conductors installed in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the wire type equipment grounding conductors, where used installed , shall be installed bare and in parallel in each raceway or cable provided the combined circular mil area complies with Table 250 . 122 . (2) Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single bare equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted sized in compliance with Table 250 . 122 . Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Installing standard multiconductor cables in parallel is a common practice by people that do not know, understand or accept the requirement. The code text is certainly not clear to may people. There have been no instances of failures for this practice that I know of or provided by anyone opposed to the practice. It can be deemed that this is then a safe practice. An equipment grounding conductor must also be bare to allow a ground fault along one of the parallel branches to safely operate the overcurrent protective device. There is now way to insure that an equipment grounding conductor will conduct any current if it is insulated and one of the phase conductors fails. There is the potential of an earth path that could create an unsafe condition if the overcurrent device does not operate due to the earth path limiting the ground fault current.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: RALPH PRICHARD Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 18 15:41:39 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4652-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

(F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. Exception: In industrial establishments where the conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation, a standard three conductor tray cable with equipment grounding conductors not sized per T250.122 shall be allowed if a separate, properly sized equipment grounding conductor is installed in the same cable tray and used to “supplement” the standard equipment grounding conductor installed in the tray.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In most cases, for parallel cable installations, the standard tray cable configurations available and stocked will not comply with the T250.122 requirements. As such, if a cable faults or fails in service, it is often impossible to secure a replacement cable without special ordering it. Inserting this suggested language will allow such installations to make use of standard cable configurations and still properly protect the installation by using a supplemental equipment grounding conductor. This proposal is a collaboration with Rich Holub.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Kenneth Crawford Organization: The DuPont Company, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 13:15:43 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4641-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(F) ]

(F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or cables as permitted in 310.10(H), the equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in 310.10(H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 392.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with 250.122. Exception: When a high-impedance grounded neutral system is utilized and where the conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation, a standard three conductor tray cable with equipment grounding conductors not sized per T250.122 shall be allowed.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

When a high-impedance grounded neutral system is utilized, a single line to ground fault results in a low current to flow to ground (usually under 10 amps) and an alarm is triggered allowing qualified individuals time to find the fault and isolate it. If a second cable fault occurs and a phase-to-phase fault occurs, the phase conductors share the path with the equipment grounding conductor which is already in the circuit. There is little risk that the equipment grounding conductors normally provided in a 3 conductor tray cable configuration in such an installation would ever be called upon to carry the full available fault current and therefore should be allowed given the alarming and safeguards already built into a high-impedance grounded neutral system.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Kenneth Crawford Organization: The DuPont Company, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 12:55:34 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 480-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.122(G) ]

(G) Feeder Taps. Equipment grounding conductors run with feeder taps shall not be smaller than shown in Table 250.122 based on the rating of the overcurrent device ahead of the feeder but shall not be required to be larger than the tap conductors. Table 250.122 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and Equipment

Rating or Setting of Size (AWG or kcmil) Automatic Overcurrent Device in Circuit Ahead Aluminum or of Equipment, Conduit, etc., Not Exceeding Copper-Clad (Amperes) Copper Aluminum* 15 14 12 20 12 10 25 to 60 10 8 100 70 to100 8 6 110 to 200 6 4 225 to 300 4 2 350 and 400 3 1 450 and 500 2 1/0 600 1 2/0 700 and 800 1/0 3/0 1000 2/0 4/0 1200 3/0 250 1600 4/0 350 2000 250 400 2500 350 600 3000 400 600 4000 500 750 5000 700 1200 6000 800 1200

Note: Where necessary to comply with 250.4(A)(5) or (B)(4), the equipment grounding conductor shall be sized larger than given in this table. *See installation restrictions in 250.120.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

I have found in teaching, that the students always have a tough time choosing the size when dealing with this table. Table is the same with a few paramiters inserted for simplicity.

Revised table would be easier to use.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAKE LEAHY Organization: Jake Leahy's Electrical Code Connection Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Apr 04 12:49:23 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2225-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.124 ]

250.124 Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor Continuity. (A) Separable Connections. Separable connections such as those provided in drawout equipment or attachment plugs and mating connectors and receptacles shall provide for first-make, last-break of the equipment grounding bonding conductor. First-make, last-break shall not be required where interlocked equipment, plugs, receptacles, and connectors preclude energization without grounding bonding continuity. (B) Switches. No automatic cutout or switch shall be placed in the equipment grounding bonding conductor of a premises wiring system unless the opening of the cutout or switch disconnects all sources of energy.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:53:11 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2227-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.126 ]

250.126 Identification of Wiring Device Terminals. The terminal for the connection of the equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be identified by one of the following:

(1) A green, not readily removable terminal screw with a hexagonal head. (2) A green, hexagonal, not readily removable terminal nut. (3) A green pressure wire connector. If the terminal for the equipment grounding bonding conductor is not visible, the conductor entrance hole shall be marked with the word green or ground, the letters G or GR, a grounding symbol, or otherwise identified by a distinctive green color. If the terminal for the equipment grounding bonding conductor is readily removable, the area adjacent to the terminal shall be similarly marked.

Informational Note: See Informational Note Figure 250.126. Figure Informational Note Figure 250.126 One Example of a Symbol Used to Identify the Grounding Bonding Termination Point for an Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:56:30 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2228-NFPA 70-2014 [ Part VII. ]

Part VII. Methods of Equipment Grounding Bonding

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 16:59:12 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4800-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.130(C) ]

(C) Nongrounding Receptacle Replacement or Branch Circuit Extensions. The equipment grounding conductor of a grounding-type receptacle or a branch-circuit extension shall be permitted to be connected to any of the following:

(1) Any accessible point on the grounding electrode system as described in 250.50 (2) Any accessible point on the grounding electrode conductor (3) The equipment grounding terminal bar within the enclosure where the branch circuit for the receptacle or branch circuit originates (4) An For existing installations that do not have an equipment grounding conductor in the branch circuit , an equipment grounding conductor that is part of another branch circuit that originates from the enclosure where the branch circuit for the same panelboard enclosure shall be permitted to connect to the receptacle or branch circuit originates extension without the equipment grounding conductor (5) For grounded systems, the grounded service conductor within the service equipment enclosure (6) For ungrounded systems, the grounding terminal bar within the service equipment enclosure

Informational Note: See 406.4(D) for the use of a ground-fault circuit-interrupting type of receptacle.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The text as written in this section needs to be simplified and clarified so the electrician and inspector in the field can understand and apply the text. This application only applies to existing installations where an equipment grounding conductor doesn’t exist, however, there is another branch circuit located in close proximity that is supplied from the same panelboard and can be used as a connection point for the receptacle or circuit extension without an equipment grounding conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

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Public Input No. 2230-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.132 ]

250.132 Short Sections of Raceway. Isolated sections of metal raceway or cable armor, where required to be grounded bonded , shall be connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor in accordance with 250.134.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 17:04:19 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 328 1054 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

Public Input No. 2231-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.134 ]

250.134 Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods (Fixed) — Grounding Bonding . Unless grounded bonded by connection to the grounded circuit conductor as permitted by 250.32, 250.140, and 250.142, non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other enclosures, if grounded bonded , shall be connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor by one of the methods specified in 250.134(A) or (B). (A) Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor Types. By connecting to any of the equipment grounding bonding conductors permitted by 250.118. (B) With Circuit Conductors. By connecting to an equipment grounding bonding conductor contained within the same raceway, cable, or otherwise run with the circuit conductors. Exception No. 1: As provided in 250.130(C), the equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be permitted to be run separately from the circuit conductors. Exception No. 2: For dc circuits, the equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be permitted to be run separately from the circuit conductors. Informational Note No. 1: See 250.102 and 250.168 for equipment bonding jumper requirements. Informational Note No. 2: See 400.7 for use of cords for fixed equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 17:06:42 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 329 1055 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

Public Input No. 2233-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.136 ]

250.136 Equipment Considered Grounded Bonded . Under the conditions specified in 250.136(A) and (B), the normally non–current-carrying metal parts of the equipment shall be considered grounded bonded . (A) Equipment Secured to Grounded Metal Supports. Electrical equipment secured to and in electrical contact with a metal rack or structure provided for its support and connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor by one of the means indicated in 250.134. The structural metal frame of a building shall not be used as the required equipment grounding bonding conductor for ac equipment. (B) Metal Car Frames. Metal car frames supported by metal hoisting cables attached to or running over metal sheaves or drums of elevator machines that are connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor by one of the methods indicated in 250.134.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 17:12:21 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2234-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.138 ]

250.138 Cord-and-Plug-Connected Equipment. Non–current-carrying metal parts of cord-and-plug-connected equipment, if grounded, shall be connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor by one of the methods in 250.138(A) or (B). (A) By Means of an Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor. By means of an equipment grounding bonding conductor run with the power supply conductors in a cable assembly or flexible cord properly terminated in a grounding bonding -type attachment plug with one fixed grounding bonding contact. Exception: The grounding bonding contacting pole of grounding bonding -type plug-in ground-fault circuit interrupters shall be permitted to be of the movable, self-restoring type on circuits operating at not over 150 volts between any two conductors or over 150 volts between any conductor and ground. (B) By Means of a Separate Flexible Wire or Strap. By means of a separate flexible wire or strap, insulated or bare, connected to an equipment grounding bonding conductor, and protected as well as practicable against physical damage, where part of equipment.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Oct 20 17:15:34 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1966-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.138(A) ]

(A) By Means of an Equipment Grounding Conductor. By means of an equipment grounding conductor run with the power supply conductors in a cable assembly or flexible cord properly terminated in a grounding-type attachment plug with one fixed grounding contact. Exception: The grounding contacting pole of grounding-type plug-in ground-fault circuit interrupters shall be permitted to be of the movable, self-restoring type on circuits operating at not over 150 actual volts between any two conductors or over 150 actual volts between any conductor and ground.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 18:55:41 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2307-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.142 ]

250.142 Use of Grounded Circuit Conductor for Grounding Bonding Equipment. (A) Supply-Side Equipment. A grounded circuit conductor shall be permitted to ground bond non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other enclosures at any of the following locations:

(1) On the supply side or within the enclosure of the ac service-disconnecting means (2) On the supply side or within the enclosure of the main disconnecting means for separate buildings as provided in 250.32(B) (3) On the supply side or within the enclosure of the main disconnecting means or overcurrent devices of a separately derived system where permitted by 250.30(A) (1)

(B) Load-Side Equipment. Except as permitted in 250.30(A) (1) and 250.32(B) Exception, a grounded circuit conductor shall not be used for grounding bonding non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment on the load side of the service disconnecting means or on the load side of a separately derived system disconnecting means or the overcurrent devices for a separately derived system not having a main disconnecting means. Exception No. 1: The frames of ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, and clothes dryers under the conditions permitted for existing installations by 250.140 shall be permitted to be connected to the grounded circuit conductor. Exception No. 2: It shall be permissible to ground bond meter enclosures by connection to the grounded circuit conductor on the load side of the service disconnect where all of the following conditions apply:

(1) No service ground-fault protection is installed. (2) All meter enclosures are located immediately adjacent to the service disconnecting means. (3) The size of the grounded circuit conductor is not smaller than the size specified in Table 250.122 for equipment grounding bonding conductors.

Exception No. 3: Direct-current systems shall be permitted to be grounded on the load side of the disconnecting means or overcurrent device in accordance with 250.164. Exception No. 4: Electrode-type boilers operating at over 1000 volts shall be grounded bonded as required in 490.72(E) (1) and 490.74.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 15:14:01 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3093-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.142(B) ]

(B) Load-Side Equipment. Except as permitted in 250.30(A) (1) and 250.32(B) Exception, a grounded circuit conductor shall not be used for grounding non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment on the load side of the service disconnecting means or on the load side of a separately derived system disconnecting means or the overcurrent devices for a separately derived system not having a main disconnecting means. Exception No. 1: The frames of ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, and clothes dryers under the conditions permitted for existing installations by 250.140 shall be permitted to be connected to the grounded circuit conductor. Exception No. 2: It shall be permissible to ground meter enclosures by connection to the grounded circuit conductor on the load side of the service disconnect where all of the following conditions apply:

Exception No. 3: Direct-current systems shall be permitted to be grounded on the load side of the disconnecting means or overcurrent device in accordance with 250.164. Exception No. 4: Electrode-type boilers operating at over 1000 2000 volts shall be grounded as required in 490.72(E) (1) and 490.74.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The revision proposed to Exception No.4 correlates with other revisions raise the LV voltage limit to 2000V and is based on the division in the construction of conductors and equipment for LV and MV. The NEC requires that products used in the electrical installation are suitable for the intended purpose based on the product instructions, labeling, and listing. The division in requirements between LV and HV installations was historically chosen based on the LV limit of 600V despite the construction and product standards requirements for HV beginning at voltages over 2000V. The limitation for low voltage installations and division of HV as applying to all voltages over 600V met the industry needs for many years. However, new challenges for better energy efficiency, microgrids, and integration of distributed sources into the electrical system require general adjustment to this limit. Revisions to product standards have addressed the necessary safety and performance concerns to permit products such as conductors, switches, fuses, and circuit breakers to have ratings exceeding 600V with constructions similar to LV products. In addition to available products, product standard revisions are in process for transfer switches. The demonstrated ability for product standards to develop the necessary materials, configuration, and testing of products for voltages up to 2000V should be acknowledged by the allowance of LV system ratings to this level.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2947-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 215.2(A)] CMP2/All PIs Public Input No. 3089-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] CMP5

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chad Kennedy Organization: Schneider Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 10:11:18 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2308-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.144 ]

250.144 Multiple Circuit Connections. Where equipment is grounded bonded and is supplied by separate connection to more than one circuit or grounded premises wiring system, an equipment grounding bonding conductor termination shall be provided for each such connection as specified in 250.134 and 250.138.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 15:18:40 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 335 1062 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

Public Input No. 2309-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.146 ]

250.146 Connecting Receptacle Grounding Bonding Terminal to Box. An equipment bonding jumper shall be used to connect the grounding bonding terminal of a grounding-type receptacle to a grounded bonded box unless grounded bonded as in 250.146(A) through (D). The equipment bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122 based on the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the circuit conductors. (A) Surface-Mounted Box. Where the box is mounted on the surface, direct metal-to-metal contact between the device yoke and the box or a contact yoke or device that complies with 250.146(B) shall be permitted to ground bond the receptacle to the box. At least one of the insulating washers shall be removed from receptacles that do not have a contact yoke or device that complies with 250.146(B) to ensure direct metal-to-metal contact. This provision shall not apply to cover-mounted receptacles unless the box and cover combination are listed as providing satisfactory ground bond continuity between the box and the receptacle. A listed exposed work cover shall be permitted to be the grounding and bonding the bonding means when (1) the device is attached to the cover with at least two fasteners that are permanent (such as a rivet) or have a thread locking or screw or nut locking means and (2) when the cover mounting holes are located on a flat non-raised portion of the cover. (B) Contact Devices or Yokes. Contact devices or yokes designed and listed as self-grounding bonding shall be permitted in conjunction with the supporting screws to establish equipment bonding between the device yoke and flush-type boxes. (C) Floor Boxes. Floor boxes designed for and listed as providing satisfactory ground bond continuity between the box and the device shall be permitted. (D) Isolated Ground Receptacles. Where installed for the reduction of electrical noise (electromagnetic interference) on the grounding bonding circuit, a receptacle in which the grounding bonding terminal is purposely insulated from the receptacle mounting means shall be permitted. The receptacle grounding bonding terminal shall be connected to an insulated equipment grounding bonding conductor run with the circuit conductors. This equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be permitted to pass through one or more panelboards without a connection to the panelboard grounding bonding terminal bar as permitted in 408.40, Exception, so as to terminate within the same building or structure directly at an equipment grounding bonding conductor terminal of the applicable derived system or service. Where installed in accordance with the provisions of this section, this equipment grounding bonding conductor shall also be permitted to pass through boxes, wireways, or other enclosures without being connected to such enclosures. Informational Note: Use of an isolated equipment grounding bonding conductor does not relieve the requirement for grounding bonding the raceway system and outlet box.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 15:22:42 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2310-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.148 ]

250.148 Continuity and Attachment of Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors to Boxes. Where circuit conductors are spliced within a box, or terminated on equipment within or supported by a box, any equipment grounding bonding conductor(s) associated with those circuit conductors shall be connected within the box or to the box with devices suitable for the use in accordance with 250.148(A) through (E). Exception: The equipment grounding bonding conductor permitted in 250.146(D) shall not be required to be connected to the other equipment grounding bonding conductors or to the box. (A) Connections. Connections and splices shall be made in accordance with 110.14(B) except that insulation shall not be required. (B) Grounding Bonding Continuity. The arrangement of grounding bonding connections shall be such that the disconnection or the removal of a receptacle, luminaire, or other device fed from the box does not interfere with or interrupt the grounding bonding continuity. (C) Metal Boxes. A connection shall be made between the one or more equipment grounding bonding conductors and a metal box by means of a grounding bonding screw that shall be used for no other purpose, equipment listed for grounding bonding , or a listed grounding bonding device. (D) Nonmetallic Boxes. One or more equipment grounding bonding conductors brought into a nonmetallic outlet box shall be arranged such that a connection can be made to any fitting or device in that box requiring grounding bonding . (E) Solder. Connections depending solely on solder shall not be used.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 15:31:47 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1331-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.148 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Where circuit conductors are spliced within a box, or terminated on equipment within or supported by a box, any all equipment grounding conductor(s) associated with any of those circuit conductors shall be connected within the box or to the box with devices suitable for the use in accordance with 250.148(A) through (E). Exception: The equipment grounding conductor permitted in 250.146(D) shall not be required to be connected to the other equipment grounding conductors or to the box.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section is frequently misunderstood to mean that where multiple circuits are present in a box the EGS's for each circuit are to be connected together but not connected to the EGC's of other circuits that are present. This change clarifies that all of the EGC's present in the box are required to be connected together regardless of the circuit they are associated with.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Nathan Philips Organization: Integrated Electronic Systems Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 19 13:13:38 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1221-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.148(C) ]

(C) Metal Boxes. A connection shall be made between the one or more equipment grounding conductors and a metal box by means of a green grounding screw that shall be made and used for no other purpose, equipment listed for grounding, or a listed grounding device.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This would end the debate on whether a green ground screw made for the purpose must be used for equipment grounding conductors (Presently it isn't.). The NEC is generally looking for this green identification. NEC 250.119 requires grounding conductors to be bare, green, or green with yellow stripe(s). NEC 250.126 requires grounding terminals to be green. The NEC Handbook notes to 250.8(A) do allow other than green colored listed pressure connectors for grounding terminations which I believe is the right call. Multiple sized green pressure connectors, I believe, would be causing undue burden to electricians.

Also, I believe it is important that this terminal is made for the purpose. For example, using a junction box clamp screw may not have the surface area under the head of the screw to hold the conductor in place whether that conductor is solid or stranded.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Norman Feck Organization: State of Colorado Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 09 11:59:54 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1968-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.162(A) ]

(A) Two-Wire, Direct-Current Systems. A 2-wire, dc system supplying premises wiring and operating at greater than 60 actual volts but not greater than 300 actual volts shall be grounded. Exception No. 1: A system equipped with a ground detector and supplying only industrial equipment in limited areas shall not be required to be grounded where installed adjacent to or integral with the source of supply. Exception No. 2: A rectifier-derived dc system supplied from an ac system complying with 250.20 shall not be required to be grounded. Exception No. 3: Direct-current fire alarm circuits having a maximum current of 0.030 ampere as specified in Article 760, Part III, shall not be required to be grounded.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses voltages that are "actual" hard limits. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 18:59:46 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2311-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.168 ]

250.168 Direct-Current System Bonding Jumper. For direct-current systems that are to be grounded, an unspliced bonding jumper shall be used to connect the equipment grounding bonding conductor(s) to the grounded conductor at the source or the first system disconnecting means where the system is grounded. The size of the bonding jumper shall not be smaller than the system grounding electrode conductor specified in 250.166 and shall comply with the provisions of 250.28(A), (B), and (C).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 15:43:54 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2312-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.172 ]

250.172 Instrument Transformer Cases. Cases or frames of instrument transformers shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor where accessible to other than qualified persons. Exception: Cases or frames of current transformers, the primaries of which are not over 150 volts to ground and that are used exclusively to supply current to meters.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 15:46:19 EDT 2014

Panel 5 Agenda Page 342 1071 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

Public Input No. 1970-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.172 ]

250.172 Instrument Transformer Cases. Cases or frames of instrument transformers shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor where accessible to other than qualified persons. Exception: Cases or frames of current transformers, the primaries of which are not over actual 150 volts to ground and that are used exclusively to supply current to meters.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 19:07:57 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2314-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.174 ]

250.174 Cases of Instruments, Meters, and Relays Operating at 1000 Volts or Less. Instruments, meters, and relays operating with windings or working parts at 1000 volts or less shall be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor as specified in 250.174(A), (B), or (C). (A) Not on Switchgear or Switchboards. Instruments, meters, and relays not located on switchgear or switchboards operating with windings or working parts at 300 volts or more to ground, and accessible to other than qualified persons, shall have the cases and other exposed metal parts connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor. (B) On Switchgear or Dead-Front Switchboards. Instruments, meters, and relays (whether operated from current and potential transformers or connected directly in the circuit) on switchgear or switchboards having no live parts on the front of the panels shall have the cases connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor. (C) On Live-Front Switchboards. Instruments, meters, and relays (whether operated from current and potential transformers or connected directly in the circuit) on switchboards having exposed live parts on the front of panels shall not have their cases connected to the equipment grounding bondng conductor. Mats of insulating rubber or other suitable floor insulation shall be provided for the operator where the voltage to ground exceeds 150.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:01:40 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1971-NFPA 70-2014 [ Sections 250.174(A), 250.174(B), 250.174(C) ]

Sections 250.174(A), 250.174(B), 250.174(C) (A) Not on Switchgear or Switchboards. Instruments, meters, and relays not located on switchgear or switchboards operating with windings or working parts at 300 actual volts or more to ground, and accessible to other than qualified persons, shall have the cases and other exposed metal parts connected to the equipment grounding conductor. (B) On Switchgear or Dead-Front Switchboards. Instruments, meters, and relays (whether operated from current and potential transformers or connected directly in the circuit) on switchgear or switchboards having no live parts on the front of the panels shall have the cases connected to the equipment grounding conductor. (C) On Live-Front Switchboards. Instruments, meters, and relays (whether operated from current and potential transformers or connected directly in the circuit) on switchboards having exposed live parts on the front of panels shall not have their cases connected to the equipment grounding conductor. Mats of insulating rubber or other suitable floor insulation shall be provided for the operator where the actual voltage to ground exceeds 150.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses voltages that are "actual" hard limits. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 19:15:31 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2315-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.176 ]

250.176 Cases of Instruments, Meters, and Relays — Operating at 1000 Volts and Over. Where instruments, meters, and relays have current-carrying parts of 1000 volts and over to ground, they shall be isolated by elevation or protected by suitable barriers, grounded metal, or insulating covers or guards. Their cases shall not be connected to the equipment grounding bonding conductor. Exception: Cases of electrostatic ground detectors where the internal ground segments of the instrument are connected to the instrument case and grounded and the ground detector is isolated by elevation.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:04:13 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3403-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.178 ]

250.178 Instrument Equipment Grounding Conductor. The equipment grounding conductor for secondary circuits of instrument transformers and for instrument cases shall not be smaller than 12 AWG copper or 10 AWG aluminum for less than 250V nominal and #18 copper or #17 All for 251 to 1000V nominal . Cases of instrument transformers, instruments, meters, and relays that are mounted directly on grounded metal surfaces of enclosures or grounded metal of switchgear or switchboard panels shall be considered to be grounded, and no additional equipment grounding conductor shall be required.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

We need smaller wiring for 1000v systems

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES CAIN Organization: [ Not Specified ] Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 02:01:07 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2316-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.178 ]

250.178 Instrument Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductor. The equipment grounding bonding conductor for secondary circuits of instrument transformers and for instrument cases shall not be smaller than 12 AWG copper or 10 AWG aluminum. Cases of instrument transformers, instruments, meters, and relays that are mounted directly on grounded metal surfaces of enclosures or grounded metal of switchgear or switchboard panels shall be considered to be grounded bonded , and no additional equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be required.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:05:52 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3097-NFPA 70-2014 [ Part X. ]

Part X. Grounding of Systems and Circuits of over 1000 2000 Volts

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The revision is required to correlate with proposed revisions to raise the LV voltage limit to 2000V. The requirements in Article 250 Part X align with the voltage limits of 310.60 and equipment construction for ratings exceeding 2000V. The NEC requires that products used in the electrical installation are suitable for the intended purpose based on the product instructions, labeling, and listing. The division in requirements between LV and HV installations was historically chosen based on the LV limit of 600V despite the construction and product standards requirements for HV beginning at voltages over 2000V. The limitation for low voltage installations and division of HV as applying to all voltages over 600V met the industry needs for many years. However, new challenges for better energy efficiency, microgrids, and integration of distributed sources into the electrical system require general adjustment to this limit. Revisions to product standards have addressed the necessary safety and performance concerns to permit products such as conductors, switches, fuses, and circuit breakers to have ratings exceeding 600V with constructions similar to LV products. In addition to available products, product standard revisions are in process for transfer switches. The demonstrated ability for product standards to develop the necessary materials, configuration, and testing of products for voltages up to 2000V should be acknowledged by the allowance of LV system ratings to this level.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2947-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 215.2(A)] CMP2/All PIs Public Input No. 3089-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] CMP5

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chad Kennedy Organization: Schneider Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 12:26:44 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4317-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.184 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Solidly grounded neutral systems shall be permitted to be either single point grounded or multigrounded neutral. be single point grounded. Exception 1. Multigrounded neutral systems shall be permitted by approval of the authority having jurisdiction based upon professional design and demonstration that the multigrounded neutral system is necessary for safe operation. Exception 2. Existing multigrounded neutral systems shall be permitted to continue in operation including any necessary additions and extensions to the existing system.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The present general permission for a multigrounded neutral system is too broad and is contrary to the preceding requirements for single point grounding for systems that operate at less than 1000 volts as expressed in 250.24(A)(5) and 250.30(A). There has previously not been any justification why a multigrounded neutral system is valid for systems over 1000 volts but not for systems under 1000 volts. Although there may be justification for utilities to employ this system for the safety of their employees, there has not been any justification that the same conditions should apply to non utility installations. When there is normal neutral current, It is evident that some of that normal neutral current will flow in the earth (ground). While this may be acceptable in a utility framework, and there are some who question this assumption, it is certainly undesirable in some non utility premises environments. Would one want to see an industrial plant utilize a multigrounded neutral system and have step potentials on the plant floor due to currents under the floor? The proposed change would permit existing systems to remain in operation and permit changes and additions to that existing system. The proposed change would permit new installations provided that there is a demonstrated need and that the design addresses the safety of personnel.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 19:04:09 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2318-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.184(B) ]

(B) Single-Point Grounded Neutral System. Where a single-point grounded neutral system is used, the following shall apply:

(1) A single-point grounded neutral system shall be permitted to be supplied from (a) or (b):

(2) A separately derived system (3) A multigrounded neutral system with an equipment

grounding

a. bonding conductor connected to the multigrounded neutral conductor at the source of the single-point grounded neutral system

(4) A grounding electrode shall be provided for the system. (5) A grounding electrode conductor shall connect the grounding electrode to the system neutral conductor. (6) A bonding jumper shall connect the equipment grounding bonding conductor to the grounding electrode conductor. (7) An equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be provided to each building, structure, and equipment enclosure. (8) A neutral conductor shall only be required where phase-to-neutral loads are supplied. (9) The neutral conductor, where provided, shall be insulated and isolated from earth except at one location. (10) An equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be run with the phase conductors and shall comply with (a), (b), and (c):

(11) Shall not carry continuous load (12) May be bare or insulated (13) Shall have sufficient ampacity for fault current duty

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:09:33 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4391-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.184(C) ]

(1) The neutral conductor of a solidly grounded neutral system shall be permitted to be grounded at more than one point. Grounding shall be permitted at one or more of the following locations:

(2) Transformers supplying conductors to a building or other structure (3) Underground circuits where the neutral conductor is exposed (4) Overhead circuits installed outdoors

(5) The multigrounded neutral conductor shall be grounded at each transformer and at other additional locations by connection to a grounding electrode. (6) At least one grounding electrode shall be installed and connected to the multigrounded neutral conductor every 400 m (1300 ft). (7) The maximum distance between any two adjacent electrodes shall not be more than 400 m (1300 ft). (8) In a multigrounded shielded cable system, the shielding shall be grounded at each cable joint that is exposed to personnel contact.

Multigrounmded Neutral Systems.

(1) Shall not be permitted in new construction. (2) Existing multi-grounded neutral systems shall not be extended.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved Knob_Hill_v_SCE_4-6-2013.docx Multi-grounded neutral distribution system Topaz sub newspaper article

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

In cross examination I have been asked, “Mr. Zipse, don’t you know that 90 to 95% of the electric utilities in the United States use multi-grounded neutral distribution systems?” Multi- grounded neutral distribution systems connect the return current carrying neutral to the earth. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) document TR-113566, “Identifying, Diagnosing, and Resolving Residential Shocking Incidents” on page1-5, states: “the measurable return current (flowing along the system neutral wire and joint – use cables) may equal to or greater than the primary current. But, on average, this portion of the return current is approximately 40% of the primary current. The remaining 60% of the return current flows in the earth.” The return current that is flowing in the earth is uncontrolled in the amount of primary return current that can enter the earth and uncontrolled where in the earth the stray primary return current flows. In 1965 Prof. Dalziel proved that it was current that electrically shocked and killed humans, dairy cows and pigs and it was not voltage that was harmful. There are current ongoing legal cases citing multi-grounded neutral distribution systems as being hazardous and dangerous to the health of humans and dairy cattle. I am able to announce that a very large electric utility has seen the light and is in the process of changing a multi-grounded neutral distribution system to an electrically safe electrical system consisting of 3 phase, 3 conductors, uni-grounded (grounded at one location only) with no neutral conductor and with phase to phase only transformers. This replacement of a multi-grounded neutral distribution system with a safe electrical distribution system is the crack in the dam. When multi-grounded neutral systems was first put in the code I opposed it then. Unfortunately the lack of knowledge and common sense was absent in those days. I am continuing Elliott Rappaport's attempt to remove this dangerous and hazardous section from the code.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Donald Zipse Organization: Electrical Forensics, LL Affilliation: Self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 20:58:20 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4802-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.186 ]

250.186 Ground-Fault Circuit Conductor Brought to Service Equipment. 186 Grounding Service-Supplied Alternating-Current Systems of over 1000 Volts (A) Systems with a Grounded Conductor at the Service Point. Where an ac system operating at over 1000 volts is grounded at any point and is provided with a grounded conductor at the service point, a grounded conductor(s) shall be installed and routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. A main bonding jumper shall connect the grounded conductor(s) to each service disconnecting means enclosure. The grounded conductor(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.186(A) (1) through (A)(4). The size of the solidly grounded circuit conductor(s) shall be the larger of that determined by 250.184 or 250.186(A) (1) or (A)(2). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly common grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. The assembly shall include a main bonding jumper for connecting the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure. (1) Sizing for a Single Raceway or Overhead Conductor. The grounded conductor shall not be smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor specified in Table 250.66 but shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded service-entrance conductor(s). In addition, for sets of ungrounded service-entrance conductors larger than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum, the grounded 1 conductor shall not be smaller than 12 ⁄2 percent of the circular mil area of the largest set of service-entrance ungrounded conductor(s). (2) Parallel Conductors in Two or More Raceways or Overhead Conductors. If the ungrounded service-entrance conductors are installed in parallel in two or more raceways or as overhead parallel conductors, the grounded conductors shall also be installed in parallel. The size of the grounded conductor in each raceway or overhead shall be based on the total circular mil area of the parallel ungrounded conductors in the raceway or overhead, as indicated in 250.186(A) (1), but not smaller than 1/0 AWG. Informational Note: See 310.10(H) for grounded conductors connected in parallel. (3) Delta-Connected Service. The grounded conductor of a 3-phase, 3-wire delta service shall have an ampacity not less than that of the ungrounded conductors. (4) Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems. Impedance grounded neutral systems shall be installed in accordance with 250.187. (B) Systems Without a Grounded Conductor at the Service Point. Where an ac system operating at greater than 1000 volts is grounded at any point and is not provided with a grounded conductor at the service point, a supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed and routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means equipment grounding conductor terminal or bus. The supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed in accordance with 250.186(B) (1) through (B)(3). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the supply-side bonding jumper to the assembly common equipment grounding terminal or bus. (1) Sizing for a Single Raceway or Overhead Conductor. The supply-side bonding jumper shall not be smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor specified in Table 250.66 but shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded service-entrance conductor(s). In addition, for sets of ungrounded service-entrance conductors larger than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum, the 1 supply-side bonding jumper shall not be smaller than 12 ⁄2 percent of the circular mil area of the largest set of service-entrance ungrounded conductor(s). (2) Parallel Conductors in Two or More Raceways or Overhead Conductors. If the ungrounded service-entrance conductors are installed in parallel in two or more raceways or overhead conductors, the supply-side bonding jumper shall also be installed in parallel. The size of the supply-side bonding jumper in each raceway or overhead shall be based on the total circular mil area of the parallel ungrounded conductors in the raceway or overhead, as indicated in 250.186(A) (1), but not smaller than 1/0 AWG. (3) Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems. Impedance grounded neutral systems shall be installed in accordance with 250.187.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

The existing title to this section does not apply to both (A) and (B) since (B) does not have a grounded conductor brought to the service equipment. Using the title format located in 250.24, the suggested title change here in 250.186 is a clarification without any intent to change the technical aspect of the section. The text in both (A) and (B) deal with the grounded conductor and the intent to bring the grounded conductor to each service disconnecting means where there is a grounded conductor as indicated in (A). Where a grounded conductor does not exist, then (B) provides details on the connection point in the system.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: David Hittinger Organization: Independent Electrical Contractors of Greater Cincinnati Affilliation: dependent Electrical Contractors Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 20:38:33 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 3095-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.186(A) [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Where an ac system operating at over 1000 2000 volts is grounded at any point and is provided with a grounded conductor at the service point, a grounded conductor(s) shall be installed and routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. A main bonding jumper shall connect the grounded conductor(s) to each service disconnecting means enclosure. The grounded conductor(s) shall be installed in accordance with 250.186(A) (1) through (A)(4). The size of the solidly grounded circuit conductor(s) shall be the larger of that determined by 250.184 or 250.186(A) (1) or (A)(2). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly common grounded conductor(s) terminal or bus. The assembly shall include a main bonding jumper for connecting the grounded conductor(s) to the assembly enclosure.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2947-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 215.2(A)] CMP2/All Pis Public Input No. 3089-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] CMP5

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chad Kennedy Organization: Schneider Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 10:14:26 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1321-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.186(A)(1) ]

(1) Sizing for a Single Raceway or Overhead Conductor. The grounded conductor shall not be smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor specified in Table 250. 66 102(C)(1) but shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded service-entrance conductor(s). In addition, for sets of ungrounded service-entrance conductors larger than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil aluminum, the 1 grounded conductor shall not be smaller than 12 ⁄2 percent of the circular mil area of the largest set of service-entrance ungrounded conductor(s).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section addresses the wrong sizing table. This section addresses installation of an effective ground-fault current path for medium and high voltage services. The correct table to use is the new Table 250.102(C)(1) rather than Table 250.66 is now for grounding electrode conductors and bonding jumpers in the grounding electrode system. This was not reported as errata in the 2014 NEC. The revision provides consistent use of the proper sizing table and 12.5% rule as required for grounded conductors, main bonding jumpers, system bonding jumpers, and supply-side bonding jumpers.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Michael Johnston Organization: National Electrical Contractor Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 19 11:34:01 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3096-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.186(B) [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Where an ac system operating at greater than 1000 2000 volts is grounded at any point and is not provided with a grounded conductor at the service point, a supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed and routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means equipment grounding conductor terminal or bus. The supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed in accordance with 250.186(B) (1) through (B)(3). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the supply-side bonding jumper to the assembly common equipment grounding terminal or bus.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 2947-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 215.2(A)] CMP2/All PIs Public Input No. 3089-NFPA 70-2014 [Section No. 250.24(C) [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] CMP5

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chad Kennedy Organization: Schneider Electric Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 03 12:24:49 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2319-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.186(B) [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Where an ac system operating at greater than 1000 volts is grounded at any point and is not provided with a grounded conductor at the service point, a supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed and routed with the ungrounded conductors to each service disconnecting means and shall be connected to each disconnecting means equipment grounding bonding conductor terminal or bus. The supply-side bonding jumper shall be installed in accordance with 250.186(B) (1) through (B)(3). Exception: Where two or more service disconnecting means are located in a single assembly listed for use as service equipment, it shall be permitted to connect the supply-side bonding jumper to the assembly common equipment grounding bonding terminal or bus.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:16:43 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1322-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.186(B)(1) ]

(1) Sizing for a Single Raceway or Overhead Conductor. The supply-side bonding jumper shall not be smaller than the required grounding electrode conductor specified in Table 250. 66 but 102(C)(1) but shall not be required to be larger than the largest ungrounded service-entrance conductor(s). In addition, for sets of ungrounded service-entrance conductors larger than 1100 kcmil copper or 1750 kcmil 1 aluminum, the supply-side bonding jumper shall not be smaller than 12 ⁄2 percent of the circular mil area of the largest set of service-entrance ungrounded conductor(s).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Michael Johnston Organization: National Electrical Contractor Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 19 11:35:55 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 4797-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.187 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]

Impedance grounded neutral systems in which a grounding impedance, usually a resistor, limits the ground-fault current shall be permitted where all of the following conditions are met:

(1) The conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation. (2) Ground detectors detectors that warn of ground faults and resistor failure are installed on the system. (3) Line-to-neutral loads are not served.

Impedance grounded neutral systems shall comply with the provisions of 250.187(A) through (D).

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Grounding resistor failures are occurring more frequently as HRG systems age. Current sensing ground fault protection will not operate with an open resistor, and therefore the benefits of resistance grounding are unknowingly lost. In addition, a safety hazard is introduced to personnel when checking voltage to ground on a system that has become ungrounded due to resistor failure. Several manufacturers now make equipment that can continuously monitor the "health" of the neutral grounding resistor. See the IEEE Industry Applications Magazine article "The Dangers of Grounding Resistor Failure" from the Sept/Oct. 2010 edition for more details and documented failures.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Kenneth Crawford Organization: The DuPont Company, Inc. Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Nov 07 20:18:55 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 4099-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.187(A) ]

(A) Location. The grounding impedance shall be inserted in the grounding electrode conductor between the grounding electrode of the supply system and the neutral point of the supply transformer, generator set or generator.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Modern generator sets differ significantly both in their construction and their installation requirements from traditional generators. For consistency and accuracy the Code should make note of that difference for all requirements, such as this one, that do not specifically apply to only one or the other.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Brian Brady Organization: Cummins Power Generation Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Nov 06 06:36:37 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1798-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.187(B) ]

(B) Identified and Insulated. The neutral conductor of an impedance grounded neutral system shall be identified, as well as fully insulated with the same insulation as the phase conductors for the maximum neutral voltage .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

It is not necessary to provide the same insulation for the neutral conductor as for the phase conductors. The maximum voltage on the neutral conductor in a three-phase impedance grounded system is 57.7% of the phase-to-phase voltage, or 2400 volts for a 4160 volt system. There is no hazard or disadvantage from a different insulation rating on the neutral conductor, as Chapter 3 rules already prevent routing conductors with different insulation ratings in the same raceway or cable tray section.

The correct, lower insulation rating can allow proper use of system components such as 2400 volt grounding transformers that are designed for use with unshielded conductors.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Carl Fredericks Organization: The Dow Chemical Company Affilliation: self Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 09 15:51:32 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2320-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.187(D) ]

(D) Equipment Grounding Bonding Conductors. Equipment grounding bonding conductors shall be permitted to be bare and shall be electrically connected to the ground bus and grounding electrode conductor.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:19:01 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2321-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.188 ]

250.188 Grounding of Systems Supplying Portable or Mobile Equipment. Systems supplying portable or mobile equipment over 1000 volts, other than substations installed on a temporary basis, shall comply with 250.188(A) through (F). (A) Portable or Mobile Equipment. Portable or mobile equipment over 1000 volts shall be supplied from a system having its neutral conductor grounded through an impedance. Where a delta-connected system over 1000 volts is used to supply portable or mobile equipment, a system neutral point and associated neutral conductor shall be derived. (B) Exposed Non–Current-Carrying Metal Parts. Exposed non–current-carrying metal parts of portable or mobile equipment shall be connected by an equipment grounding bonding conductor to the point at which the system neutral impedance is grounded. (C) Ground-Fault Current. The voltage developed between the portable or mobile equipment frame and ground by the flow of maximum ground-fault current shall not exceed 100 volts. (D) Ground-Fault Detection and Relaying. Ground-fault detection and relaying shall be provided to automatically de-energize any component of a system over 1000 volts that has developed a ground fault. The continuity of the equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be continuously monitored so as to automatically de-energize the circuit of the system over 1000 volts to the portable or mobile equipment upon loss of continuity of the equipment grounding bonding conductor. (E) Isolation. The grounding electrode to which the portable or mobile equipment system neutral impedance is connected shall be isolated from and separated in the ground by at least 6.0 m (20 ft) from any other system or equipment grounding bonding electrode, and there shall be no direct connection between the grounding electrodes, such as buried pipe and fence, and so forth. (F) Trailing Cable and Couplers. Trailing cable and couplers of systems over 1000 volts for interconnection of portable or mobile equipment shall meet the requirements of Part III of Article 400 for cables and 490.55 for couplers.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:26:15 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 1972-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.188(C) ]

(C) Ground-Fault Current. The voltage developed between the portable or mobile equipment frame and ground by the flow of maximum ground-fault current shall not exceed 100 actual volts.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This section uses a voltage that is an "actual" hard limit. Refer to the substantiation for 1902 for more information.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship Public Input No. 1902-NFPA 70-2014 [Global Input] This submission depends on 1902

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 15 19:19:17 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2729-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 250.194 ]

250.194 Grounding and Bonding of Fences and Other Metal Structures. Metallic fences enclosing, and other metal structures in or surrounding, a substation with exposed electrical conductors and equipment shall be grounded and bonded to limit step, touch, and transfer voltages. Grounding and bonding conductors shall be sized in accordance with Part III of Article 250 for grounding electrode conductors. (A) Metal Fences. Where metal fences are located within 5 m (16 ft) of the exposed electrical conductors or equipment, the fence shall be bonded to the grounding electrode system with wire-type bonding jumpers as follows:

(1) Bonding jumpers shall be installed at each fence corner and at maximum 50 m (160 ft) intervals along the fence. (2) Where bare overhead conductors cross the fence, bonding jumpers shall be installed on each side of the crossing. (3) Gates shall be bonded to the gate support post, and each gate support post shall be bonded to the grounding electrode system. (4) Any gate or other opening in the fence shall be bonded across the opening by a buried bonding jumper. (5) The grounding grid or grounding electrode systems shall be extended to cover the swing of all gates. (6) The barbed wire strands above the fence shall be bonded to the grounding electrode system.

Alternate designs performed under engineering supervision shall be permitted for grounding or bonding of metal fences. Informational Note No. 1: A nonconducting fence or section may provide isolation for transfer of voltage to other areas. Informational Note No. 2: See IEEE 80-2000, IEEE Guide for Safety In AC Substation Grounding, for design and installation of fence grounding. (B) Metal Structures. All exposed conductive metal structures, including guy wires within 2.5 m (8 ft) vertically or 5 m (16 ft) horizontally of exposed conductors or equipment and subject to contact by persons, shall be bonded to the grounding electrode systems in the area.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

There is confusion in regard to sizing the conductors required by this Section, this clarifies how to size the conductor.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Ron Chilton Organization: North Carolina Code Clearing Committee Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 28 15:38:29 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 805-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 280.2 ]

280.2 Uses Not Permitted. 280.12 Uses Not Permitted. A surge arrester shall not be installed where the rating of the surge arrester is less than the maximum continuous phase-to-ground power frequency voltage available at the point of application.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

This will make the NEC more users friendly by following an already established pattern that the .12 section of an article is uses permitted. This will also follow 2.4.1 of the NEC style manual. Currently 280.12 Routing of Surge Arrester Grounding Conductors would need to be renumbered.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JEFFREY FECTEAU Organization: UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES LLC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Jul 10 18:14:39 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 372-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 280.2 ]

280.2 12 Uses Not Permitted. A surge arrester shall not be installed where the rating of the surge arrester is less than the maximum continuous phase-to-ground power frequency voltage available at the point of application.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Move the text from 280.2 that is reserved for definitions within this Article to Part II Installation 280.12 Uses Not Permitted that will be consistent with other Articles and comply with the NEC Style Manual 2.4.1 Parallel Numbering Within Similar Articles. Move the present text in 280.12 Routing of Surge Arrester Grounding Conductors to new section 280.13.

Submitter Information Verification

Panel 5 Agenda Page 367 3831 of 4754 11/21/2014 3:29 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

Public Input No. 3474-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 280.3 ]

280.3 Number Required. Where used at a point on a circuit, a surge arrester shall be connected to each ungrounded conductor. A single installation of such surge arresters shall be permitted to protect a number of interconnected circuits, provided that if no circuit is exposed to surges while disconnected from the surge arresters.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 10:25:25 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 2438-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 280.12 ]

280.12 Routing of Surge Arrester Grounding Conductors. The conductor used to connect the surge arrester to line, bus, or equipment and to a grounding conductor connection a connection point as provided in 280.21 shall not be any longer than necessary and shall avoid unnecessary bends.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 25 14:48:37 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2323-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 280.21 ]

280.21 Connection. The arrester shall be connected to one of the following:

(1) Grounded service conductor (2) Grounding electrode conductor (3) Grounding electrode for the service (4) Equipment grounding bonding terminal in the service equipment

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:34:11 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 3475-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 280.24(A) ]

(A) Metallic Interconnections. A metallic interconnection shall be made to the secondary grounded circuit conductor or the secondary circuit grounding electrode conductor provided that if , in addition to the direct grounding connection at the surge arrester, the following occurs:

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: JAMES WILLIAMS Organization: none Affilliation: Retired Master Electrician Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Nov 04 10:27:07 EST 2014

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Public Input No. 1863-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 500.5(A) ]

(A) Classifications of Locations. Locations shall be classified depending on the properties of the flammable gas, flammable liquid–produced vapor, combustible liquid–produced vapors, combustible dusts, or fibers/flyings that may be present, and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Each room, section, or area shall be considered individually in determining its classification. Where pyrophoric materials are the only materials used or handled, these locations are outside the scope of this article. Informational Note: Through the exercise of ingenuity in the layout of electrical installations for hazardous (classified) locations, it is frequently possible to locate much of the equipment in a reduced level of classification or in an unclassified location and, thus, to reduce the amount of special equipment required. Rooms and areas containing ammonia refrigeration systems that are equipped with adequate mechanical ventilation may be classified as “unclassified” locations. Informational Note: For further information regarding classification and ventilation of areas involving ammonia, see ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1994, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration, and ANSI/CGA G2.1-1989, Safety Requirements for the Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Section 3.1.3 of the 2011 NEC Style Manual states that informational notes " shall not contain requirements, make interpretations, or make recommendations." The informational note below the first paragraph below 500.5(A) makes a recommendation and should be deleted.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: John Simmons Organization: Florida East Coast JATC Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Oct 11 12:33:28 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2324-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 285.23(B) ]

(B) At the Service. When installed at services, Type 1 SPDs shall be connected to one of the following:

(1) Grounded service conductor (2) Grounding electrode conductor (3) Grounding electrode for the service (4) Equipment grounding bonding terminal in the service equipment

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:35:52 EDT 2014

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Public Input No. 2325-NFPA 70-2014 [ Section No. 285.27 ]

285.27 Connection Between Conductors. An SPD shall be permitted to be connected between any two conductors — ungrounded conductor(s), grounded conductor, equipment grounding bonding conductor, or grounding electrode conductor. The grounded conductor and the equipment grounding bonding conductor shall be interconnected only by the normal operation of the SPD during a surge.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: ELLIOT RAPPAPORT Organization: ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 22 16:37:30 EDT 2014

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