D9.7. Report of Case Studies on Gender Equality As a Focus Point of National and Nativist Discourses
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
D9.7. Report of Case Studies on Gender Equality as a Focus Point of National and Nativist Discourses Authors Birte Siim, Andrea Krizsán, Dominika Gruziel & Anita Nissen Document Identifier D9.7 Report of Case Studies on Gender Equality as a Focus Point of National and Nativist Discourses Version 1.0 Date Due 01.07.2016 Submission date 16.06.2016 WorkPackage 9 Balancing Gender and Generational Citizenship Lead Beneficiary 6 AAU Dissemination Level PU 1 Change log Version Date amended by changes 1.0 16.6.2016 Birte Siim Final document sent to coordinator to be submitted. Partners involved number partner name People involved 1 UU Trudie Knijn, Floor van Maaren 3 UNIZG Josip Šipić 6 AAU Birte Siim, Anita Nissen, Jeppe Fuglsang Larsen 12 CEU Andrea Krizsán, Dominika Gruziel, Katalin Ámon 14 HUJI Dana Halevy, John Gal 16 UNITO Tiziana Caponio, Gaia Testore, Arianna Santero 18 UNIOVI Hans van den Broek, Tania Suárez-Fernández 26 HBS Brigitte Unger, Thomas Gesterkamp, Andreas Kemper 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS .............................................................................................................................................. 6 LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Method ................................................................................................................................................................... 10 2. COUNTRY CONTEXTS .............................................................................................................................................12 2.1 Croatia - Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starčević (Hrvatska stranka prava dr. Ante Starčević) ........................ 15 2.2 Denmark - Danish People’s Party (Dansk Folkeparti) ............................................................................................. 16 2.3 Germany – Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland) ....................................................................... 17 2.4 Hungary - Jobbik Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom) .................................... 18 2.5 Israel – The Jewish Home (Ha'Bait Ha'Yeudi) and Israel our Home (Yisrael Beytenu) ............................................ 20 2.6 Italy – North League (Lega Nord) ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.7 The Netherlands – Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid) .............................................................................. 21 2.8 Spain – Plataforma per Catalonia (Platform for Catalonia) ................................................................................... 22 3. EUROSCEPTICISM WITHIN RADICAL RIGHT PARTIES AS A CONTEXTUAL VARIABLE FOR FRAMING MIGRATION, DIVERSITY, GENDER AND THE FAMILY .......................................................................................................................24 3.1 The EP Political Group Formation Process .............................................................................................................. 25 The European Conservatives and Reformists group (ECR) ...................................................................................... 25 Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD) .................................................................................................. 26 Europe of Nations and Freedom (ENF) .................................................................................................................... 26 Non-Affiliated Party - Jobbik .................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Partial Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 27 4. MIGRATION AND INTRA-EU MOBILITY ...................................................................................................................29 4.1 The Frames of Migration ........................................................................................................................................ 29 4.2 The Frames of Migration as Employed by the Parties ............................................................................................ 31 Citizenship based on cultural proximity ................................................................................................................... 31 Migrants as strains on the national social cohesion ................................................................................................ 33 Sending MS as being ignored by the EU .................................................................................................................. 37 3 Intra-EU migration as a demographic/family threat ................................................................................................ 38 Asylum seekers and refugees as a security threat ................................................................................................... 39 Partial Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 40 Israel ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41 5. GENDER .................................................................................................................................................................43 5.1 The Frames of Gender Equality............................................................................................................................... 43 5.2 The Frames of Gender Equality as Employed by the Parties .................................................................................. 44 Gender equality as a non-EU matter ....................................................................................................................... 44 Gender equality as a relative norm .......................................................................................................................... 45 Gender equality as a threat ..................................................................................................................................... 48 Partial Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 50 Israel ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50 6. FAMILY ..................................................................................................................................................................51 6.1 The Perceptions of Family ....................................................................................................................................... 51 6.2 The Perceptions of Family Used by the Parties ....................................................................................................... 52 The family free from state and/or EU interventions ................................................................................................ 52 Traditional family in need of strengthening............................................................................................................. 53 The weakening of the family as a cause of the demographic crisis ......................................................................... 54 Partial Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 56 Israel ......................................................................................................................................................................... 57 7. SUMMARY OF THE FRAMINGS OF THE 7 EUROPEAN POPULIST RADICAL RIGHT PARTIES ......................................58 8. CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................................................59 8.1 Historical Contexts of Political and Cultural Institutions ........................................................................................ 59 8.2 The Migration, Mobility and Diversity Logic – Economic and Cultural Dimensions ............................................... 60 8.3 Gender, Family and Welfare Regimes .................................................................................................................... 61 8.4 The Israeli and European Radical Right Compared ................................................................................................ 63 8.5 Reflections and Issues for Further Research on the Changes of the Populist Radical Right ................................... 63 REFERENCES