East Riding of Council

2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

Date (June, 2018)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Council

Local Authority Philip Hill Officer Department Environmental Control Public Protection East Riding of Yorkshire Council Church Street Address Goole East Riding of Yorkshire DN14 5BG Telephone 01482 396204

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference LAQM ASR 2018 number Date June 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 East Riding of Yorkshire Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in East Riding of Yorkshire Council

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts and is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of various conditions, including heart disease and cancer. Air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society, for example children and older people, and those with existing heart and lung conditions. Often, air pollution displays a strong correlation with indices of depravation, with areas experiencing poor air quality frequently being among the less affluent1,2.

Recent years have seen a welcome reduction in overall levels of air pollution but for some pollutants, particularly those linked with transport emissions, the rate of reduction has stalled. Evidence for the association between air pollution and a wide range of adverse health effects in the general population is now undeniable; Public Health (PHE) estimates 5.3% of all mortalities may be linked to long-term exposure to air pollution.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Figure 1– Map of the East Riding

• 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 • 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 • 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 i East Riding of Yorkshire Council

The East Riding of Yorkshire is the fifth largest unitary authority with an area of 240,768 hectares and an estimated population of 337, 804 (based on 2016 ONS data). Overall population density is very low, with only 1.4 people per hectare. Based on 2010 data from the Office of National Statistics (ONS), the largest town is in the north east of the district, with 36,310 residents (although this is swelled dramatically by the influx of tourists during the summer months), the other major settlements being (32,940 – including and ); Goole (19,036) and Cottingham (17,366). Well over half the population reside in rural communities, many of which are small, scattered and geographically isolated. In total there are 333 settlements, ranging from large towns to small, isolated hamlets and farmsteads.

Traditionally the area has been associated with agriculture and 90% of the land is still in some form of agricultural use today. Tourism is of particular importance along the long coastal strip, whilst pockets of industry, including agricultural and aeronautical engineering, transport and distribution, glass manufacture, food and drinks manufacture and chemical production, are to be found inland in close proximity to the main conurbations. Natural gas refining is carried out in the far south east of the area whilst the inland port of Goole, served by vessels operating along the rivers and Ouse has long been associated with the handling of and other materials. Mineral production is still important to the region, with the chalk uplands of the Wolds having a long historical link with quarrying.

East Riding's rail network primarily comprises services along the Hull to Scarborough line (via Cottingham, Beverley, and Bridlington), Hull to /Sheffield line (via Brough and Goole), Hull to line (via Brough and ) and Hull to line. Major Road links include the eastern section of the M62/A63 to Hull, the A164 ( to Beverley), the A1079 (Hull to ), the A614 (Goole to Bridlington) and the A165 (Hull to Bridlington). There is a major port at Goole with shipping traffic using the Humber and Ouse rivers.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 ii East Riding of Yorkshire Council

Industrial sources of air pollution external to but capable of affecting air quality within the East Riding of Yorkshire include the Trent valley power stations to the south and the Aire valley power stations to the west.

Due to the nature of its landscape and its proximity to the North Sea, the East Riding has seen an increase in demand for development in the energy sector. This includes onshore and offshore windfarms and other renewable energy such as biomass, as well pipelines and storage facilities for natural gas.

Monitoring is undertaken in support of the review and assessment process using a network of 77 diffusion tubes located along principal traffic routes across the county to quantify kerbside NO2 concentrations in the vicinity of relevant receptors. Monitoring locations are reviewed periodically to ensure they continue to reflect public exposure and are targeting those areas most likely to experience elevated levels.

Air quality within the East Riding of Yorkshire is generally good. The findings of previous reviews and assessments of local air quality have not required the Council to declare any Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs).

Monitoring results for 2017 reported in this latest review and assessment generally indicate a reduction in levels of NO2 compared with 2016 data. However, some locations show a very slight increase in NO2 or have stayed the same. All monitoring locations recorded higher than normal levels of NO2 in January 2017 which would indicate a weather anomaly. One new monitoring location has returned a minor 3 (41µg/m ) exceedance of the annual mean NO2 objective.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

The East Riding Local Plan seeks to focus new development in more sustainable (larger) settlements thereby reducing the need to travel. It contains a range of policies requiring new development to minimise impacts on the environment, including the impact on air quality. Given the largely rural nature of the Council’s district, the local plan also highlights the importance of maintaining and improving public transport services across the area.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iii East Riding of Yorkshire Council

In line with the Government’s recommendation, the Council’s Transport Policy Team has developed Local Cycling and Walking Infrastructure Plans for each of the 14 main settlements in the East Riding, to tie in with the existing LTP and Local Plan. The primary aim is to encourage local residents to make short, local trips on foot or by bike rather than single occupancy car journeys. Together, these plans form part of the overall Local Transport Plan (LTP).

In recent years a number of major schemes have proved successful in improving traffic flows, to ease congestion along key transport routes or divert significant volumes of traffic away from town centres. Schemes completed to date include the £22m Beverley Integrated Transport Plan (BITP) incorporating the new Beverley Southern Relief Road, the £10m A164 corridor improvement scheme and the £6m Bridlington Integrated Transport Plan (Phase 1) scheme including a seasonal Park and Ride facility for the town. Further schemes, including Phase 2 of the Bridlington Integrated Transport Plan, are now on site and will offer significant benefits in terms of improving traffic flows in the larger settlements.

The Council, as a long-standing member of the Yorkshire and Pollution Advisory Group (YALPAG), adopts best practice examples emerging from this group and from the wider local air quality community, actively engaging with developers and the business community to promote the provision of charging infrastructure and to encourage the uptake of low emission vehicles. Schemes within the LTP programme are focused on supporting active and sustainable travel as an alternative to short car journeys. The Council has installed free to use EV charging points in (with support from the Town Council) Bridlington and Driffield, with additional charging points provided by the private sector, including at the Flemingate retail and leisure complex in Beverley.

Conclusions and Priorities

Whilst results across the majority of East Riding continue to show a steady downward trend in annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations over the last 5 years, two roadside diffusion tubes (No.28 & No.35) have again recorded an exceedance of the 40 µg/m3 annual mean objective. However, running these results

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iv East Riding of Yorkshire Council through Defra’s fall-off with distance calculator to estimate concentrations at the closest locations of relevant exposure returns annual mean NO2 concentrations of 33.5µg/m3 (for tube No. 28) and 38.7 µg/m3 (for tube No. 35). One new roadside diffusion tube (No.59) recorded a minor (41µg/m3) exceedance of the annual mean objective at the closest location of relevant exposure. This result is now the subject of closer scrutiny.

Local Engagement and How to get Involved

Through its Local Transport Plan (LTP) and public health campaigns, the Council encourages active travel such as walking and cycling as an alternative to driving, to support healthier lifestyles.

Appendix E of the LTP contains the Council’s Public Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Strategy and includes advice on switching to an electric vehicle, where to find and how to access the Council’s free to use electric vehicle charging points.

Further information on air quality or how we control industrial emissions, can be found by visiting the air pollution pages of the Council’s website:

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 v East Riding of Yorkshire Council

Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in East Riding of Yorkshire ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... iii Conclusions and Priorities ...... iv Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... v 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 8 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 9 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 9 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in East Riding of Yorkshire ...... 9

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 21 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 22 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 22 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 22 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 22 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 22

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ...... 22

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 28

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 28

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ...... 28 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 29 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017 ...... 41 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 45 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 48 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 54 Glossary of Terms ...... 55 References ...... 56

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 vi East Riding of Yorkshire Council

List of Tables Table 1.1 Emergency Admissions, CHD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR. (Source: PHE 14 Local Health.) Table 1.2 Emergency Admissions, COPD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR. (Source: 15 PHE Local Health.) Table 1.3 NHS ERY CCG Respiratory indicator summary. (Source: PHE.) 16 Table 1.4 NHS ERY CCG CHD indicator summary. (Source: PHE.) 16 Table 2.1 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality 18 Table A.1 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 29

Table A.2 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results 36

Table B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results – 2017 41 Table E.1 Air Quality Objectives in England 54

List of Charts Chart 1 Emergency Admissions, CHD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR. (Source: PHE) 13 Chart 2 Emergency Admissions, COPD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR.(Source:PHE) 13

List of Figures Figure 1 Map of the East Riding i Figure 2 Deaths from circulatory disease by ward – SMR 2013 (Source: PHE) 12 Figure 3 Deaths from respiratory disease by ward – SMR 2013 (Source: PHE) 12 Figure 4 NO2 Tube location for S28 24 Figure 5 NO2 Tube location for S35 25

Figure 6 Predicted annual mean NO2 concentration for at the nearest receptor location to 25 tube number S28 Figure 7 Predicted annual mean NO2 concentration for at the nearest receptor location to 26 tube number S35 Figure 8 NO2 Tube location for S59 26

Figure 9 Predicted annual mean NO2 concentration for at the nearest receptor location to 27 tube number S59 Figure 10 Summary of 2017 precision results & bias adjustment factors 03/18 V1 (ESG 45 Didcot) Figure 11 All NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations within East Riding of Yorkshire 48

Figure 12 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Beverley Map 1 48

Figure 13 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Beverley Map 2 49

Figure 14 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Beverley Map 3 49

Figure 15 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Bridlington 50

Figure 16 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - Goole and 50

Figure 17 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - Haltemprice 51

Figure 18 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - 51

Figure 19 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Melton and Welton 52

Figure 20 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – West 52

Figure 21 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – North 53

Figure 22 NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Southeast 53

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 vii

1 Local Air Quality Management

This report provides an overview of air quality in East Riding of Yorkshire Council during 2017. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by East Riding of Yorkshire to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

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2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

East Riding of Yorkshire currently does not have any AQMAs.

For reference, a map of East Riding of Yorkshire’s monitoring locations are available in Appendix D.

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in East Riding of Yorkshire

East Riding of Yorkshire has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.1.

Poor air quality is a significant public health issue. The Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) sets out a vision for public health, desired outcomes and the indicators that will help us understand how well public health is being improved and protected. The importance of the effect of air pollution on public health is reflected by the inclusion of an indicator of mortality associated with air pollution, specifically fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) which is acknowledged to impact on public health. The PHOF allows Directors of Public Health to prioritise appropriate action on air quality in their local area. More information on the role of Public Health is available on our website

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Air pollution is the largest environmental risk to the public’s health, contributing to cardiovascular disease, lung cancer and respiratory diseases. It increases the chances of hospital admissions, visits to Emergency Departments and respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms which interfere with everyday life, especially for people who are already vulnerable. Poor air quality affects everyone but has a disproportionate impact on the young and old, the sick and the poor, often displaying a strong correlation with indices of deprivation, with areas experiencing poor air quality frequently being among the less affluent.

Local actions to address the health impacts of air pollution on local populations can play a critical role in supporting other local priorities such as active travel, health inequalities, integrated care, sustainability, growth and regeneration, and localism and community engagement. Progress will be seen by designing and implementing the right policies and interventions and raising awareness of the issue. Taking action to improve air quality is central to improving population health. Evidence for the association between air pollution and a wide range of adverse health effects in the general population is now undeniable; Public Health England (PHE) estimates 5.3% of all mortalities may be linked to long-term exposure to air pollution.

The following health statistics serve to demonstrate the extent of this problem within the East Riding of Yorkshire:

Registered prevalence of specific diseases within the registered population of NHS ERY CCG (2015/16)

• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) registered prevalence = 2.3% (England = 1.9%) • Asthma registered prevalence = 6.5% (England = 5.9%) • CHD (Chronic Heart Disease) registered prevalence = 4.8% (England = 3.2%) • Hypertension registered prevalence = 17.2% (England = 13.8%) (see tables 1.3 & 1.4 for a full list of indicators relating to respiratory disease, CHD and CVD (Cardio Vascular Disease)).

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Emergency Admissions within ERY wards CHD - Significantly higher than expected admissions rates in: − Bridlington South (48% higher than expected) − Bridlington South and Old Town (40% higher) − Goole South (38% higher) − Bridlington North (32% higher) − (31% higher) − Goole North (32% higher) (see chart 1 and table 1.1 for all ERY ward values.)

COPD - Significantly higher than expected admissions rates in: − South East Holderness (60% higher than expected) − Goole South (56% higher) − Bridlington South (41% higher) − Bridlington South and Old Town (26% higher) − Goole North (24% higher) − Hessle (12% higher) − South West Holderness (9% higher) (see chart 2 and table 1.2 for all ERY ward values.)

Figure 2 shows the Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) for deaths from circulatory disease. An SMR of 100 indicates the ward has a similar mortality rate to England, whereas values less than 100 indicate a lower than expected mortality rate from circulatory disease. In contrast, an SMR of more than 100 indicates that the ward has a higher than expected mortality rate. The map shows the breadth of values for the wards of the East Riding but does not highlight wards that are significantly higher or lower than expected.

The map highlights Bridlington South, Goole South, Hessle and Snaith, , Rawcliffe and Marshland as wards with the highest SMR values. Other wards with higher than expected SMRs include Driffield and Rural, East Wolds and Coastal and South East Holderness.

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Figure 2: Deaths from circulatory disease by ward – SMR 2013 (Source: PHE)

Figure 3 shows the SMR for deaths from respiratory disease, which can also be worsened by poor air quality. The wards which appear to be worst affected by deaths from respiratory disease include Hessle and Bridlington South with a SMR exceeding 129. Other wards which have higher than expected mortality rates from respiratory disease include Goole (North and South), South East Holderness, Howden and Minster and Woodmansey.

Figure 3: Deaths from respiratory disease by ward – SMR 2013 (Source:PHE)

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Chart 1: Emergency Admissions, CHD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR. (Source: PHE) (Bars coloured red, indicate a significantly higher than expected rate of emergency admissions for CHD, amber bars are not significantly different and those coloured green indicate a significantly lower than expected rate.)

Chart 2: Emergency Admissions, COPD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR. (Source: PHE) (Bars coloured red, indicate a significantly higher than expected rate of emergency admissions for COPD, amber bars are not significantly different and those coloured green indicate a significantly lower than expected rate.)

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Table 1.1: Emergency Admissions, CHD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR. (Source: PHE Local Health.)

(Cells coloured red, indicate a significantly higher than expected rate of emergency admissions for CHD, whereas cells coloured green indicate significantly lower than expected rate.)

Emergency IMD 2015 Population ERY rank (1 is more Admissions, CHD, All Ward Name Weighted Score deprived) Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR Bridlington South 46.6 1 148 Bridlington Central and Old Town 34.5 2 140 Goole South 33.9 3 138 Bridlington North 17.4 6 132 Snaith, Airmyn, Rawcliffe and Marshland 14.2 12 131 Goole North 17.2 7 131 South East Holderness 31.1 4 118 Howden 9.3 20 115 Driffield and Rural 15.4 10 114 East Wolds and Coastal 16.9 8 109 Howdenshire 13.3 14 101 Minster and Woodmansey 14.6 11 101 Wolds Weighton 12.4 18 100 Mid Holderness 14.0 13 100 South West Holderness 13.3 15 99 Tranby 13.3 16 95 Hessle 12.9 17 94 Cottingham North 8.5 21 94 St Mary's 9.7 19 93 Cottingham South 15.9 9 93 North Holderness 21.3 5 84 Beverley Rural 6.6 23 82 South Hunsley 4.1 26 78 Provincial 7.4 22 75 Dale 4.9 24 75 Willerby and 4.2 25 71

ERY 103 England 100

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Table 1.2: Emergency Admissions, COPD, All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR. (Source: PHE Local Health.)

Emergency IMD 2015 Population ERY rank (1 is more Admissions, COPD, Ward Name Weighted Score deprived) All Ages (2010/11 to 2014/15) SAR South East Holderness 31.1 4 160 Goole South 33.9 3 156 Bridlington South 46.6 1 141 Bridlington Central and Old Town 34.5 2 126 Goole North 17.2 7 124 Hessle 12.9 17 112 South West Holderness 13.3 15 109 Snaith, Airmyn, Rawcliffe and Marshland 14.2 12 106 North Holderness 21.3 5 89 Howden 9.3 20 88 Bridlington North 17.4 6 83 Driffield and Rural 15.4 10 83 Minster and Woodmansey 14.6 11 81 Mid Holderness 14.0 13 78 Wolds Weighton 12.4 18 72 Howdenshire 13.3 14 71 St Mary's 9.7 19 71 Tranby 13.3 16 70 Cottingham South 15.9 9 70 Cottingham North 8.5 21 65 Beverley Rural 6.6 23 64 Pocklington Provincial 7.4 22 60 East Wolds and Coastal 16.9 8 53 South Hunsley 4.1 26 53 Willerby and Kirk Ella 4.2 25 51 Dale 4.9 24 51

ERY 87 England 100

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Table 1.3: NHS ERY CCG Respiratory indicator summary. (Source: PHE.)

Table 1.4: NHS ERY CCG CHD indicator summary. (Source: PHE.)

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Further information on local air quality management is available on the council’s website.

The main challenge is to develop innovative and collaborative approaches and engaging local communities and key stakeholders. East Riding of Yorkshire’s priorities for the coming year are to review all existing monitoring; liaise with and share information within other departments at ERYC, neighbouring authorities and Public Health; and raising awareness across the population and workforce to ensure information on air quality is available, what it means for residents and any recommended actions that will assist behavioural adaptations. Other areas for consideration include:

• Promote active travel by incorporating physical activity into everyday travel, such as walking, cycling or combining with public transport instead of travelling by car. This will include working in close collaboration with neighbouring local authorities and other relevant partners to facilitate and promote alternative commuting options, and with schools to encourage parents and children to use alternatives to car travel, and discourage idling around schools.

• Making tangible change through integration of Public Health, air quality and transport throughout the planning system especially pre-planning stage onwards.

• Need to review health evidence for impacts of short-term exposure in relation to respiratory, heart, and stroke issues.

• Jointly working with Public Health colleagues and other organisations to consider implementation of exposure and physical activity surveys in order to help educate and promote how to avoid and mitigate pollution hotspots to improve health.

• Communication and engagement with the public to create advocates and consider targeted support, e.g., for employees and workplaces aligned to schemes such as the Access Fund.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 17

Table 2.1 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date Predicted fall in the number vehicles UTC, Reduction in Beverley Planning consent and entering the town Traffic Congestion overall traffic EU Category Integrated funding secured. centre will result in 1 Managem management, ERYC 2004-2012 2013 - 2015 volumes in NO AQMA 2016 Transport Implementation significant reduction of ent traffic the town DECLARED Plan commenced in 2013. traffic-related NO2 reduction centre. emissions along town centre routes. The various elements of the project have been successful in reducing the effects of Public the seasonal surge in Bridlington Transport Improved transport traffic affecting this Integrated Planning access and improvements- 2005 - NO AQMA Phase 1 completed in popular coastal resort 2 Transport and ERYC 2008 - 2010 movement 2010 interchanges 2008 DECLARED 2010 which had previously Plan Infrastruct within town stations and resulted in significant (Phase 1) ure centre services congestion and consequent increase in traffic-related emissions in the town centre. Public Bridlington Transport Improved transport Integrated Planning access and improvements- 2012 - NO AQMA Planning and 3 Transport and ERYC 2015 - 2021 movement 2021 interchanges 2015 DECLARED feasibility Plan Infrastruct within town stations and (Phase 2) ure centre services

A1079 UTC, Congestion New roundabout corridor Traffic Congestion 2012- management NO AQMA junctions at 4 improvem Managem management, ERYC Ongoing 2015 and improved DECLARED Pocklington and ent ent traffic journey times. scheme reduction

Strategic Elimination of Various elements of A164 highway pinch-points the scheme have corridor Traffic improvements, and improved significantly reduced 2008 - NO AQMA Project completed 5 improvem Managem Re-prioritising ERYC 2011 - 2013 journey times, 2013 congestion and 2011 DECLARED Spring 2013 ent ent road space particularly queuing traffic at pinch- scheme away from during points along the route. cars, inc morning and Peak travel times in

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Access evening peak and out of town management, travel times. significantly reduced. Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Reduction in high number of short car Reduction in numbers Promoting journeys by Get Personalised of short car journeys Travel 2012 - Goole NO AQMA Implemented 2013 - 6 Moving Travel ERYC 2013 - 2015 2015 will reduce carbon and Alternativ 2013 residents DECLARED 2015 Goole Planning other vehicle-related es travelling to emissions. local facilities and amenities. Constructi on of dedicated off-road cycle Transport route Increased Cycle use along the Planning along the 2011 - cycle use NO AQMA Scheme completed in A1035 has increased 7 and Cycle network ERYC 2013 - 2014 2014 A1035 2013 along the DECLARED Spring 2014 by over 350% since the Infrastruct from route route opened. ure to White Cross Roundabo ut Preparatio n of 14 Reduction in short, Reduction in individual single-occupancy car Promoting short, single- Three year Local journeys by local Low occupancy NO AQMA programme of minor 8 Cycling Other ERYC 2016-2017 2018-2021 2021 residents will reduce Emission car journeys DECLARED schemes to support and carbon and other Transport by local walking and cycling. Walking traffic-related residents. Infrastruct emissions. ure Plans Improvements Encouraging more Transport Productio Percentage of schemes completed residents to walk or Planning n of the 2012 - journeys NO AQMA on various routes in cycle will reduce the 9 and Cycle network ERYC 2015-2029 2029 Cycling 2014 made by DECLARED the cycle network. relatively high Infrastruct Strategy bicycle. Improved cycle proportion of short- ure parking and hire distance trips made by

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facilities in place, with car, cutting carbon and particular emphasis other transport -related on provision at emissions. railway stations.

A high quality bus network that offers a Transport punctual, Uptake in bus travel Planning The Bus Bus route 2011 - affordable, NO AQMA will reduce high 10 and ERYC 2015 -2029 2029 Strategy improvements 2015 safe and DECLARED numbers of short, local Infrastruct accessible car journeys ure transport option for all users.

Driver Vehicle Driver training Fuel-efficient driving Training Increased fuel NO AQMA 11 Fleet and ECO ERYC on-going on-going will deliver reduction in Programm efficiency DECLARED Efficiency driving aids vehicle emissions. e

Progressive elimination Company Latest tender for of older vehicles in the Vehicle Promoting Promoting contracts resulted in fleet will deliver Procurement - low Low Increased fuel NO AQMA the Council improved fuel 12 Prioritising ERYC on-going on-going emission Emission efficiency DECLARED purchasing Euro 6 efficiency and minimise uptake of low transport Transport compliant refuse emissions from the emission vehicles. Council's own vehicle vehicles fleet. Reduction in Vehicle Vehicle Vehicle Minimise emissions emissions NO AQMA 13 fleet Fleet Retrofitting ERYC All vehicles retrofitted from the Council's own from existing DECLARED efficiency Efficiency programmes vehicle fleet. fleet vehicles Regulations for fuel quality Increased Promoting Promoting Minimising emissions for low uptake of low Low NO AQMA & encourage the switch 14 emission fuels ERYC electric / emission Emission DECLARED to low / zero emission for stationary hybrid transport Plant alternatives. and mobile vehicles sources Alternativ East Uptake of car sharing es to Car & lift Number of car Riding Car NO AQMA will reduce single- 15 private sharing ERYC share Share DECLARED occupancy car vehicle schemes registrations Scheme journeys use

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2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Previously, East Riding of Yorkshire Council has operated a network of up to 5 Automatic Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AAQMS). The last of these aging stations were decommissioned in 2012, having never identified any likely exceedence of any

AQO for PM10 throughout their operational life.

There is currently no ongoing monitoring of PM10 or PM2.5 within the council’s area and no specific measures in place to address PM10 or PM2.5 concentrations. Vehicle emissions are the main source of particulate matter in the Council’s area and implementation of the transport initiatives identified in section 2.2 will, therefore, contribute to a reduction in total PM2.5 emissions and to public exposure across the East Riding of Yorkshire.

Further reduction in exposure can be achieved through the planning process, by ensuring new development is located and designed in a way that minimises further emissions of, or exposure, to air pollution. Construction Emissions Management Plans (CEMPs) address the impacts on air quality during the actual development of a site, and can be used on major development sites to require developers to consider minimum emission standards for construction vehicles operating on and those delivering to a site. For larger scale developments, conditions requiring transport plans can be used to limit private vehicle use or to encourage the uptake of ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs), and to support public transport provision and thus reduce longer term impacts on air quality from increased traffic generated by the operational phase of development.

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3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

East Riding of Yorkshire did not carry out any automatic (continuous) monitoring for any pollutants in 2017.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

East Riding of Yorkshire Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of

NO2 at 77 sites during 2017. Table A.1 in Appendix A, shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. All monitoring data presented has been properly ratified and corrected for bias where applicable.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

The estimated annual mean background concentrations for NOX and NO2 for each 1km x 1km grid of the UK have been mapped from 2016 base-year maps and projections for each year up to 2030 can be accessed at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-maps?year=2016

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

The nitrogen dioxide tube monitoring results shown in Table A.2 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for

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the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3. There are no sites for which the annual mean is greater than 60µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.

Three monitoring locations recorded an annual mean NO2 concentration exceeding 40µg/m3:

• No.28 – A63 / Gibson Lane, North Welton; (52µg/m3); and • No.35 – A63 East (The Old Foundry), Welton (50µg/m3) • No. 59 – 69 Southgate, Hornsea (41µg/m3)

Tubes No.28 & No.35 were highlighted in the ASR 2017 and are located adjacent to the A63, the main connecting route from the M62 towards Hull (see Fig’s 4 and 5). This eastern extremity of the M62/A63 corridor can experience significant levels of congestion, particularly during peak hours as it carries a high volume of not only cars but also HGV’s serving businesses and the nearby ports of Hull and Goole.

As previously reported in the ASR 2017, tube No.28 recorded a decrease in annual 3 3 mean NO2 concentration of 13% (61µg/m to 53µg/m ) between 2013 and 2014, followed by a further 4% decrease between 2014 and 2015, from 53µg/m3 to 49µg/m3. In 2016, this tube again shows a significant decrease of 6% from 49µg/m3 3 to 46µgm . However between 2016 and 2017 there has been a 13% increase from 46µgm3 to 52µgm3. The reasons for such an increase aren’t immediately apparent, but it is likely down to a combination of meteorological conditions and traffic volumes.

Tube No.35 returned an annual mean of 48µg/m3 in 2015 and 2016. In 2017 this has increased by 4% to 50µg/m3.

When subjected to the Defra “NO2 fall-off with distance calculator”, the predicted annual mean NO2 concentrations at the nearest relevant receptor locations for tubes No.28 and No.35 (Fig’s 6 and 7) are both within the 40µg/m3 objective, at 33.5 µg/m3 and 38.7 µg/m3 respectively.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 23

As previously stated this is the major corridor route of the M62/A63 which experiences significant levels of congestion, particularly during peak hours as it carries a high volume of commuter traffic and goods vehicles serving businesses in the city of Hull and the nearby ports of Hull and Goole.

The council has located two additional tubes along this route and the results from these and existing locations will be reported from next year.

Figure 4. Location for NO2 Tube No.28

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 24

Figure 5. Location for NO2 Tube No.35

3 Figure 6. Predicted annual mean NO2 Concentration (µg/m ) at the nearest relevant receptor location to tube No.28.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 25

3 Figure 7. Predicted annual mean NO2 Concentration (µg/m ) at the nearest relevant receptor location to tube No.35.

Figure 8. Location for NO2 Tube No.59

Tube No.59 was relocated to a new position for 2017. This tube is now situated in the centre of Hornsea on the main road leading to the coast, as shown in figure 8. The town streets are very narrow, with buildings either side forming a street canyon.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 26

The tube is located on the a lamp post next to the façade of a building. After using

Defra’s fall off with distance calculation (figure 9) the predicted annual mean NO2 concentration at the nearest relevant receptor location, is 41µg/m3. Table B1 shows that the typical reduction in monthly concentrations during the summer period is markedly less pronounced at this location. Hornsea being a (predominantly) summer tourist destination, it is assumed the additional influx of vehicles during the main holiday season is over-riding the expected summer reductions, resulting in the slight exceedance of the annual mean objective recorded. Monitoring continues at this location to see if the exceedance persists and, in accordance with paragraph 3.41 of TG(16), additional tubes have been sited along this route to quantify any area of likely exceedance...

3 Figure 9. Predicted annual mean NO2 Concentration (µg/m ) at the nearest relevant receptor location to tube No.59.

Due to a major change to the road layout in the surrounding area tube No.51 located at Manor Street, Bridlington, was only able to provide 8 months worth of data for 2017. The data has been annualised in accordance with Box 7.10 of the TG16.

Background data acquired from Scarborough Borough Council has been used as it is representative of a similar coastal location and adjoins the northern boundary with

East Riding of Yorkshire. Calculations for the Annualising NO2 Diffusion Tube Monitoring data can be found in Appendix C.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 27

The council will continue to monitor at these and other sites to assess future compliance with the air quality objectives.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

East Riding of Yorkshire Council does not currently monitor Particulate Matter (PM10)

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

East Riding of Yorkshire Council does not currently monitor Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

East Riding of Yorkshire Council does not currently monitor Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 28

Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tube Distance to Distance collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name with a Type Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Gibson Lane North 1 Roadside 497094 426482 NO2 NO 8 20 NO 2.6 (footbridge), Melton Kexby House, A1079 2 Roadside 470838 451314 NO2 NO 35 2.6 NO 1.6 Eastbound, Kexby 14 Southgate, 3 Roadside 487920 441591 NO2 NO 1.4 1.5 NO 2.5 Market Weighton York Rd (No.10) 4 Roadside 498628 439797 NO2 NO 0 3 NO 2.5 Rd, 5 Jcn of Airmyn Roadside 473676 424045 NO2 NO 7 <1 NO 2.2 Rd, Goole Lairgate (No.22), 6 Roadside 503194 439614 NO2 NO <1 1.8 NO 2.7 Beverley Wednesday Market, Jcn Lord 7 Roadside 503671 439477 NO2 NO 13 1.5 NO 2.6 Roberts Rd, Beverley Queensgate 8 Roadside 503175 438975 NO2 NO <1 1.7 NO 2.6 (No.1), Beverley Keldgate (No. 2.4 9 Roadside 503197 438994 NO2 NO <1 1 NO 163), Beverley Queensgate 10 Roadside 503124 438888 NO2 NO 16 <1 NO 2.5 (No.16),

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 29

Tube Distance to Distance collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name with a Type Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Beverley Victoria Rd 11 Roundabout, Roadside 503101 438511 NO2 NO 5 3 NO 2.8 Beverley Wylies Rd/ 12 Manor Rd, Roadside 503145 440011 NO2 NO 1 2 NO 2.6 Beverley New Walkergate, 13 Roadside 503557 439621 NO2 NO 6 2.8 NO 2.5 (Wilbert Lane), Beverley Hengate, New 14 Walkergate, Roadside 503265 439855 NO2 NO 1 2.2 NO 2.7 Beverley Hengate 15 (No.5A), Roadside 503235 439828 NO2 NO <1 1.6 NO 2.5 Beverley Keldgate/George 16 Odey Court, Roadside 503632 439116 NO2 NO 4 1.3 NO 2.8 Beverley Swinemoor Lane 17 Roadside 504860 439766 NO2 NO 10 1.7 NO 2.9 (No.2), Beverley 1 Holme Road, 18 Roadside 487629 441773 NO2 NO 0 1.4 NO 2.6 Market Weighton Priory 19 Rd/Newgate St, Roadside 504910 432616 NO2 NO 18 2.5 NO 2.7 Cottingham Front St (No.45) 20 Middleton-on- Roadside 494354 449394 NO2 NO 1 1.3 NO 2.6 the-Wolds Northgate 21 Roadside 503295 426503 NO2 NO <1 0.1 NO 2.7 (No.8), Hessle

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 30

Tube Distance to Distance collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name with a Type Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Boothferry Road, 2.6 22 Roadside 475008 427875 NO2 NO 18 2.4 NO (A614) Howden Flatgate (No.5) 23 Roadside 475124 428508 NO2 NO <1 1.2 NO 2.4 Howden Keldgate 24 (No.51), Roadside 503513 439084 NO2 NO <1 1.8 NO 2.7 Beverley Northgate 25 (No.8), Roadside 505010 433259 NO2 NO 11 1.6 NO 2.5 Cottingham Albion 26 Crt/Grovehill Rd Roadside 504849 439718 NO2 NO <1 3.3 NO 2.5 R/bout, Beverley Hull Road 27 Roadside 515893 429000 NO2 NO 6.5 6 NO 2.4 (No.3), Saltend A63/Gibson 28 Lane North, Roadside 497107 426463 NO2 NO 24 4.3 NO 2.7 Welton 3 Beverley 29 Roadside 502421 457057 NO2 NO 3.6 1.2 NO 2.3 Road, Driffield Swinemoor 30 Lane/Barmston Roadside 504748 439991 NO2 NO 12 2.3 NO 2.8 Rd, Beverley Swinemoor Rd/about (Hull 31 Roadside 504214 440921 NO2 NO 14 1.1 NO 2.7 Bridge Rd West), Beverley Swinemoor Lane 32 Roadside 504305 440906 NO2 NO 19 3.3 NO 2.7 R/bout, Beverley Swinemoor Lane 33 Roadside 504809 439856 NO2 NO 5 2 NO 2.8 (No.9), Beverley

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 31

Tube Distance to Distance collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name with a Type Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Swinemoor Lane 34 (No.83), Roadside 504616 440280 NO2 NO 6 2.4 NO 2.8 Beverley A63 East (The 35 Old Foundry), Roadside 495736 427033 NO2 NO 23 10 NO 2.7 Welton 1 Grape Lane, 36 Roadside 480166 448898 NO2 NO 0 1.7 NO 2.7 Pocklington HSBC, A1033 37 (Queen Street), Roadside 534149 427981 NO2 NO 1 2.1 NO 2.1 Eastgate 38 (No.28), Roadside 503743 439391 NO2 NO 3 1.4 NO 2.7 Beverley North Bar 39 Without (No.12) Roadside 502962 439925 NO2 NO 2 2.4 NO 2.6 Beverley Main Street 40 (White Cottage), Roadside 510646 463170 NO2 NO <1 1.3 NO 2.4 Burton Agnes Railway St (No. 41 Roadside 503708 439540 NO2 NO <1 1.7 NO 2.7 12), Beverley Flemingate 42 Roadside 503990 439215 NO2 NO <1 1.6 NO 2 House, Beverley Grovehill Road 43 Roadside 503987 439495 NO2 NO 3 1.7 NO 2.9 (No.4), Beverley The Cottage, 44 Lane Roadside 516465 446716 NO2 NO 0 1.2 NO 2.5 / A1035, Seaton A63 West (Pool 45 Bank Farm), Roadside 495833 426926 NO2 NO 10 9 NO 2 Welton

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 32

Tube Distance to Distance collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name with a Type Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? The Lodge, 23 46 Westgate, Roadside 519782 447626 NO2 NO <1 0.8 NO 2.5 Hornsea Main Street 47 Roadside 518762 430448 NO2 NO <1 1.9 NO 2.3 (No.6), Preston Hull Rd/ 48 Grovehill Rd Roadside 504886 439668 NO2 NO 7 3 NO 2.5 R/bout, Bev

A165 Well Lane 49 Bypass, Roadside 517133 468073 NO2 NO 3 1.1 NO 2.7 Bridlington

Kingsgate 50 Suburban 517549 466380 NO2 NO 10 2.1 NO 2.5 Bridlington Manor St. 51 Roadside 518371 466729 NO2 NO 16 <1 NO 2.3 Bridlington Scarborough 52 Road (No.53), Roadside 517204 468062 NO2 NO <1 2.5 NO 2.4 Bridlington Church Hill Rd, (No.5) 53 Roadside 494653 449592 NO2 NO 14 <1 NO 2.8 Middleton-on- the-Wolds Church Hill Rd (No.14) 54 Roadside 494785 449608 NO2 NO 1 1.3 NO 2.6 Middleton-on- the-Wolds Reynolds Close 55 Roadside 496982 426491 NO2 NO 13 14 NO 2.8 (No.17), Melton Reynolds Close 56 Roadside 496909 426510 NO2 NO 15 15 NO 2.6 (No.21), Melton

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 33

Tube Distance to Distance collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name with a Type Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Melton Old Road 57 (Home Farm), Roadside 497269 426461 NO2 NO 12 30 NO 2.6 Melton 2 Market Place, 58 Roadside 492354 461005 NO2 NO <1 1.4 NO 2.5 South Cave 69 Southgate, 59 Roadside 520085 447556 NO2 NO 0 2.2 NO 2.5 Hornsea Road 60 (No.4), Roadside 517708 466716 NO2 NO 3 3 NO 2.65 Bridlington A1079 West (Rose Cottage 61 Roadside 476470 449113 NO2 NO 4 1.6 NO 2.5 Farm), Thorpe Road 62 Roadside 475771 428731 NO2 NO 10 1.5 NO 2.5 (No. 1), Howden A1079 East 63 (South View), Roadside 485143 443218 NO2 NO 2 1.8 NO 2.5 Belle Vue Terrace (No.4), 64 Roadside 514252 439464 NO2 NO 2 2.2 NO 2.6 Hull Road, Church Street 65 (No.38), North Roadside 489369 432549 NO2 NO 1 1.4 NO 2.7 Cave Market Place 66 (No.19), South Roadside 492353 431090 NO2 NO 2 1.1 NO 2.6 Cave Woodgates Lane 67 (No.35), North Roadside 498602 426523 NO2 NO 1 6 NO 2.6 Ferriby

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 34

Tube Distance to Distance collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name with a Type Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? First Lane/Hull 68 Roadside 504195 426506 NO2 NO 5 1.8 NO 2.6 Road, Hessle West End 69 (No.54), Roadside 499296 436975 NO2 NO 3 <1 NO 2.7 Walkington Main Road (No. 70 Roadside 515822 432734 NO2 NO 10 1.5 NO 2.7 238), Bilton 1 Mill Lane, 71 Roadside 519946 447718 NO2 NO 3 1.8 NO 2.2 Hornsea A63 West 72 (Melton Grange), Roadside 497332 426384 NO2 NO 16 4 NO 2.8 Melton Wilson Street 73 Roadside 503406 428843 NO2 NO 2 <1 NO 2.8 (No.27), Anlaby Main Rd (No. 74 27), Stamford Roadside 471480 455640 NO2 NO 7 <1 NO 2.85 Bridge Lucky Dragon, 75 270 Quay Road, Roadside 517608 467411 NO2 NO <1 1.2 NO 2.4 Bridlington High Street (No.58) Holme 76 Roadside 481090 438485 NO2 NO <1 1.1 NO 2.7 on Spadling Moor Victoria Road 77 (No.94), Roadside 502704 437479 NO2 NO 2 1.3 NO 2.8 Beverley

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 35

Table A.2 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data Valid Data 3 (3) Monitoring Capture for NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (2) (1) 2017 (%) Period (%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Diffusion 1 Roadside 100 100 28 26 29 Tube Diffusion 2 Roadside 100 100 32 Tube Diffusion 3 Roadside 100 100 28 Tube Diffusion 4 Roadside 83.3 83.3 37 35 29 29 27 Tube Diffusion 5 Roadside 100 100 36 36 32 32 31 Tube Diffusion 6 Roadside 83.3 83.3 31 28 26 28 Tube Diffusion 7 Roadside 100 100 35 36 30 29 27 Tube Diffusion 8 Roadside 100 100 36 36 32 30 28 Tube Diffusion 9 Roadside 100 100 44 35 32 32 Tube Diffusion 10 Roadside 100 100 36 37 32 29 27 Tube Diffusion 11 Roadside 100 100 26 27 21 19 20 Tube Diffusion 12 Roadside 100 100 16 16 20 Tube Diffusion 13 Roadside 100 100 28 27 24 24 23 Tube Diffusion 14 Roadside 100 100 28 26 24 21 26 Tube Diffusion 15 Roadside 100 100 34 38 28 28 24 Tube 16 Roadside Diffusion 100 100 26 27 23 18 20

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 36

Valid Data Valid Data Monitoring 3 (3) Site ID Site Type NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Type Capture for Capture Monitoring 2017 (%) (2) Tube Diffusion 17 Roadside 100 100 31 29 29 32 32 Tube Diffusion 18 Roadside 100 100 19 Tube Diffusion 19 Roadside 100 100 30 28 26 26 28 Tube Diffusion 20 Roadside 100 100 41 44 38 35 35 Tube Diffusion 21 Roadside 100 100 30 28 28 27 27 Tube Diffusion 22 Roadside 100 100 36 36 33 34 35 Tube Diffusion 23 Roadside 100 100 32 32 30 30 29 Tube Diffusion 24 Roadside 100 100 29 29 22 19 21 Tube Diffusion 25 Roadside 100 100 26 28 24 26 25 Tube Diffusion 26 Roadside 100 100 31 34 22 23 23 Tube Diffusion 27 Roadside 100 100 34 31 28 26 31 Tube Diffusion 28 Roadside 100 100 61 53 51 46 52 Tube Diffusion 29 Roadside 100 100 30 Tube Diffusion 30 Roadside 100 100 28 27 24 28 26 Tube Diffusion 31 Roadside 100 100 28 27 22 22 21 Tube Diffusion 32 Roadside 100 100 23 22 21 20 20 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 37

Valid Data Valid Data Monitoring 3 (3) Site ID Site Type NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Type Capture for Capture Monitoring 2017 (%) (2) Diffusion 33 Roadside 100 100 35 34 29 32 35 Tube Diffusion 34 Roadside 100 100 22 23 18 19 18 Tube Diffusion 35 Roadside 100 100 48 48 50 Tube Diffusion 36 Roadside 100 100 28 Tube Diffusion 37 Roadside 100 100 20 Tube Diffusion 38 Roadside 100 100 22 18 18 16 17 Tube Diffusion 39 Roadside 91.6 91.6 25 25 21 22 20 Tube Diffusion 40 Roadside 100 100 23 22 22 Tube Diffusion 41 Roadside 100 100 27 26 26 Tube Diffusion 42 Roadside 100 100 31 30 28 26 27 Tube Diffusion 43 Roadside 100 100 20 20 21 17 17 Tube Diffusion 44 Roadside 91.6 91.6 20 Tube Diffusion 45 Roadside 100 100 34 36 35 Tube Diffusion 46 Roadside 91.6 91.6 28 Tube Diffusion 47 Roadside 100 100 33 33 30 31 29 Tube Diffusion 48 Roadside 83.3 83.3 33 23 22 23 22 Tube Diffusion 49 Roadside 100 100 28 27 23 24 24 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 38

Valid Data Valid Data Monitoring 3 (3) Site ID Site Type NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Type Capture for Capture Monitoring 2017 (%) (2) Diffusion 50 Roadside 100 100 28 28 23 22 21 Tube Diffusion 51 Roadside 66.7 66.7 24 24 21 20 23 Tube Diffusion 52 Roadside 91.6 91.6 33 29 29 29 Tube Diffusion 53 Roadside 100 100 42 39 35 35 33 Tube Diffusion 54 Roadside 100 100 29 31 28 28 29 Tube Diffusion 55 Roadside 100 100 26 24 27 Tube Diffusion 56 Roadside 100 100 28 25 27 Tube Diffusion 57 Roadside 91.6 91.6 24 22 22 Tube Diffusion 58 Roadside 100 100 33 Tube Diffusion 59 Roadside 100 100 41 Tube Diffusion 60 Roadside 100 100 24 24 27 Tube Diffusion 61 Roadside 100 100 27 26 25 24 24 Tube Diffusion 62 Roadside 100 100 28 28 28 Tube Diffusion 63 Roadside 100 100 31 29 28 28 28 Tube Diffusion 64 Roadside 100 100 28 29 30 Tube Diffusion 65 Roadside 100 100 25 27 23 23 23 Tube Diffusion 66 Roadside 100 100 32 31 31 30 30 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 39

Valid Data Valid Data Monitoring 3 (3) Site ID Site Type NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Type Capture for Capture Monitoring 2017 (%) (2) Diffusion 67 Roadside 100 100 39 39 38 36 35 Tube Diffusion 68 Roadside 100 100 34 33 30 31 30 Tube Diffusion 69 Roadside 100 100 25 26 26 26 24 Tube Diffusion 70 Roadside 91.6 91.6 21 21 22 Tube Diffusion 71 Roadside 91.6 91.6 18 Tube Diffusion 72 Roadside 100 100 39 43 39 39 36 Tube Diffusion 73 Roadside 100 100 27 26 26 25 23 Tube Diffusion 74 Roadside 100 100 24 23 24 Tube Diffusion 75 Roadside 100 100 23 Tube Diffusion 76 Roadside 100 100 22 Tube Diffusion 77 Roadside 100 100 29 31 29 29 26 Tube

 ☐ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected (confirm by selecting in box) ☐ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% (confirm by selecting in box)

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 40

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2017

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Distance Bias Site ID Corrected Adjusted Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw to (0.77) and Data Nearest Annualised (1) Exposure 2 ( ) 1 53 41 41 39 29 36 29 35 36 34 44 41 35 29

2 60 42 53 44 36 37 32 31 38 39 52 43 39 32

3 49 37 40 36 26 31 22 31 32 36 48 45 32 28

4 50 41 35 34 35 24 28 26 35 40 32 27

5 54 46 46 36 35 36 31 31 37 40 41 46 37 31

6 51 36 39 30 27 28 34 33 41 41 32 28

7 56 47 44 29 35 28 27 25 35 32 34 34 33 27

8 49 47 42 35 32 31 27 29 33 34 42 39 34 28

9 62 52 49 39 37 35 31 33 39 42 41 44 39 32

10 54 40 41 32 23 25 25 26 30 31 47 42 32 27

11 38 34 31 21 27 23 19 21 25 25 25 26 25 20

12 40 28 27 13 16 14 81 14 20 21 19 24 25 20

13 49 38 34 24 25 25 21 21 29 27 32 35 28 23

14 48 41 42 36 28 26 23 25 31 25 36 38 31 26

15 44 20 37 33 32 30 27 26 28 27 35 37 29 24

16 47 33 30 22 21 20 16 16 23 24 22 33 24 20

17 63 46 51 41 32 30 30 31 38 40 53 47 39 32

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 41

18 38 29 29 18 20 21 16 17 20 24 34 34 24 19

19 55 45 44 34 31 32 24 28 32 34 33 43 34 28

20 64 46 55 48 49 43 40 41 46 40 41 39 44 35

21 51 43 40 30 35 30 27 27 33 32 38 38 34 27

22 61 49 51 44 43 41 35 40 41 45 48 44 43 35

23 54 44 41 36 33 33 26 28 35 40 43 40 36 29

24 48 34 33 23 21 19 17 19 24 24 30 33 26 21

25 45 37 33 32 29 27 25 25 35 32 36 33 32 25

26 44 33 36 31 24 24 21 20 28 25 35 29 29 23

27 60 47 46 37 27 37 27 34 36 40 48 45 39 31

28 90 73 79 71 48 57 54 55 63 71 83 69 64 52 33.5 29 52 41 47 40 32 36 30 28 37 36 44 42 38 30

30 53 42 39 29 32 26 26 27 35 28 36 35 34 26

31 49 35 37 24 29 19 20 20 25 22 23 29 28 21

32 43 27 30 26 28 19 20 17 27 19 30 29 27 20

33 62 47 57 42 38 39 35 40 40 46 47 51 44 35

34 42 31 30 18 20 16 14 16 24 21 24 26 24 18

35 81 71 79 68 54 65 55 66 62 69 54 50 63 50 38.7 36 46 33 43 36 31 34 26 27 31 34 47 46 35 28

37 36 27 30 25 22 22 21 22 22 25 29 30 27 20

38 40 28 24 21 17 16 14 16 21 18 31 24 23 17

39 44 32 33 23 22 19 17 17 23 23 25 26 20

40 41 29 36 26 25 23 21 24 28 31 26 28 29 22

41 44 40 40 28 30 27 23 25 29 33 43 41 33 26

42 54 39 38 33 31 28 23 29 34 34 40 34 35 27

43 39 28 28 20 16 17 13 16 18 25 24 21 24 17

44 28 32 25 24 21 21 20 23 25 31 32 27 20

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 42

45 55 50 49 43 47 35 36 35 42 41 64 51 45 35

46 54 43 41 36 32 31 28 34 32 34 41 37 28

47 49 43 43 35 38 32 30 29 41 33 44 30 39 29

48 47 35 32 25 27 19 20 23 26 30 30 22

49 43 31 33 33 28 28 24 32 29 29 32 29 33 24

50 32 29 33 30 23 24 22 22 24 30 24 33 28 21

51 41 25 30 25 20 23 26 27 27 18

52 48 37 45 37 37 31 26 33 32 43 39 38 29

53 49 41 49 43 43 42 37 43 45 37 42 35 44 33

54 52 33 43 37 32 34 32 36 37 33 43 33 39 29

55 54 38 44 35 26 29 23 27 32 33 37 40 36 27

56 47 43 45 39 29 34 21 29 35 28 34 42 36 27

57 40 38 28 21 24 20 24 27 31 31 33 31 22

58 67 54 51 44 14 40 34 36 44 41 44 48 44 33

59 57 55 64 59 50 50 46 44 50 52 61 56 54 41 41.0 60 41 34 40 33 32 27 27 32 31 36 42 42 36 27

61 48 30 37 32 29 27 27 23 29 24 38 34 34 24

62 49 46 43 31 36 33 25 33 32 30 42 38 38 28

63 52 36 37 36 28 29 26 25 36 31 53 42 38 28

64 58 44 37 35 35 30 33 34 34 39 42 40 40 30

65 56 36 35 21 26 23 19 12 28 28 38 38 32 23

66 52 42 40 43 30 35 28 33 38 36 50 48 41 30

67 56 52 51 50 37 39 33 40 44 42 59 49 47 35

68 47 47 43 37 36 32 23 29 36 38 46 46 40 30

69 35 38 40 34 23 26 21 25 32 35 32 32 34 24

70 43 33 34 28 20 22 17 22 29 31 41 32 22

71 38 24 30 25 17 16 15 20 23 24 28 28 18

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 43

72 57 53 55 51 47 49 11 33 45 48 61 53 48 36 73 48 32 30 24 25 25 23 23 30 31 35 38 33 23 74 40 33 35 32 27 26 20 27 28 30 34 39 34 24 75 41 37 38 29 38 27 28 22 29 24 26 25 35 23 76 44 28 33 25 22 25 18 22 26 29 34 33 32 22 77 52 42 37 31 31 29 25 30 34 34 27 38 37 26

☐ Local bias adjustment factor used (confirm by selecting in box)  ☐ National bias adjustment factor used (confirm by selecting in box)  ☐ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% (confirm by selecting in box)  ☐ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure (confirm by selecting in box) Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 44

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC A network of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes is deployed at kerbside locations across the Council’s area (see Table 2.2). Tubes supplied and analysed under contract by Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG Didcot) are prepared using the 50% TEA in Acetone method, in accordance with procedures set out in the Harmonisation Practical Guidance. The bias adjustment factor (0.77) derived from the National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet (Table B.1) is applied to all annual mean diffusion tube data presented in this report.

1 For Casella Stanger/Bureau Veritas (NOT Bureau Veritas Labs) use Gradko 50% TEA in Acetone. For Casella Seal/GMSS/Casella CRE/Bureau Veritas Labs/Eurofins/ use Environmental Scientific Groups. From 2011 for Environmental Scientific Groups use ESG Glasgow. From 2011 for Harwell Scientific Services use ESG Didcot. For 2017 for SOCOTEC use ESG Didcot, as name changed mid year. For Staffordshire CC SS/Staffordshire County Analyst use Staffordshire Scientific Services. For Bodycote Health Sciences and Clyde Analytical Laboratories use Exova. For Rotherham MBC use Labs. For Dundee CC use Tayside SS. For Leicester Scientific Services use Staffordshire Scientific Services. For South Yorkshire Air Quality Samplers use South Yorkshire Labs. As of January 2010 sampler body changed. As of April 2010 sampler cap changed. Lancashire County Analysts withdrew from the Field intercomparison at the end of 2010. No submissions were supplied in 2011. Walsall MBC closed in March 2011. Bristol Scientific Services closed at the end of 2011. Somerset County Council did not start the Marylebone road intercomparison until June 2012. Exova stopped providing diffusion tubes at the end of 2013. Kent Scientific Services stopped providing diffusion tubes at the end of 2013. Kirklees Council stopped providing diffusion tubes in the middle of 2016. Northampton BC stopped providing diffusion tubes in 2017. 2 In this situation it would be reasonable to use data from the nearest year.

3 Overall factors have been calculated using orthogonal regression to allow for uncertainty in both the automatic monitor and diffusion tube. The uncertainty of the diffusion tube has been assumed to be double that of the automatic monitor.

4 If you have your own co-location study, please send your data to us, so that it can be included here. If this is not possible, but you wish to combine these factors with your own, select and copy the relevant data from this spreadsheet and paste them into a new one (otherwise your calculations will include hidden data). Then add your own data and calculate the bias. To obtain a new correction factor that includes your data, average the bias (B) values, expressed as a factor, i.e. -16% is - To add data download a questionnaire 0.16. Next add 1 to this value, e.g. -0.16 + 1.00 = 0.84 in this example, then take the inverse to give the bias adjustment factor 1/0.84 = 1.19. (This will not be exactly the same as the correction factor calculated using orthogonal regression as used in this spreadsheet, but will be reasonably close).

5 Where an annual data set falls into two years it has been ascribed to the year in which most of the data has fallen.

6 Tube precision is determined as follows: G = Good precision - coefficient of variation (CV) of diffusion tube replicates is considered G when the CV of eight or more periods is less than 20%, and the average CV of all monitoring periods is less than 10%; P = Poor precision - CV of four or more periods >20% and/or average CV >10%; S = Single tube, therefore not applicable; na = not available.

Figure 10 Summary of 2017 precision results and bias adjustment factors 03/18 V1 (ESG Didcot)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 45

Annualising NO2 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data for Tube No.51

A diffusion tube site (D1) has 8 months’ worth of data and so it is necessary to annualise. A background diffusion tube site (B1) has greater than 85% data capture for the year.

The tubes were set out in accordance with the recommended calendar for 2017.

The results are given in the below table. In addition, the results are given for the background site for those months that (D1) data are available (Column B1 when D1 is available).

START DATE END DATE B1 D1 B1 WHEN D1 IS AVAILABLE 12-Jan-17 01-Feb-17 29.5 41 29.5 01-Feb-17 01-Mar-17 17.4 25 17.4 01-Mar-17 29-Mar-17 16.6 30 16.6 29-Mar-17 27-Apr-17 12.1 25 12.1 27-Apr-17 26-May-17 11.2 - - 26-May-17 29-May-17 8.0 - - 29-May-17 01-Aug-17 9.4 - - 01-Aug-17 07-Sep-17 12.0 - - 07-Sep-17 28-Sep-17 11.8 20 11.8 28-Sep-17 02-Nov-17 13.8 23 13.8 02-Nov-17 05-Dec-17 16.4 26 16.4 05-Dec-17 03-Jan-18 17.6 27 17.6

Average 14.6 27 17 (Am) (M) (Pm)

Annual mean (Am) Period mean (Pm) Ratio (Am/Pm)

Scarborough 14.6 17 0.86 Borough Council Background Monitoring Tube

Tube 51 period mean x ratio = Annual mean for Tube 51

For the 8 month period where data is available for tube 51, the same 8 months have been used for the Scarborough background data to provide a period mean. The Annual mean for the full 12 months at Scarborough has been divided by the period mean to provide a ratio. This ratio is then multiplied by the period mean for tube 51 to provide a figure for the annual mean, shown above.

The annual mean (Am) of B1 is 14.6µg/m3 . The period mean (Pm), of B1 is 17µg/m3 The ratio (R) of the annual mean to the period mean (Am/Pm) is 0.86.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 46

No other background site data have been used, so, in the absence of further averaging, this is then the annualisation factor (Ra).

The measured period mean concentration (M) is 27.0µg/m3. Multiply this by annualisation factor (Ra) to give the estimate of the annual mean for 2017.

Annualised average of D1 = M × Ra = 27 ×0.86 = 23.2µg/m3.

After annualisation, the tubes have been corrected for bias to give an annualised, bias-corrected figure for tube 51 of:

23.2µg/m3 x 0.77 = 17.9µg/m3.

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Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs

Figure 11. All NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations within East Riding of Yorkshire

Figure 12. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - Beverley 1

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Figure 13. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - Beverley 2

Figure 14. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - Beverley 3

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Figure 15. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Bridlington

Figure 16. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - Goole and Howden

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Figure 17. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations - Haltemprice

Figure 18. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Hornsea

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Figure 19. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Melton & Welton

Figure 20. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – West

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Figure 21. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – North

Figure 22. NO2 Diffusion Tube Locations – Southeast

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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England

Air Quality Objective4 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

• 4 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).

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Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’ AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives ASR Air quality Annual Status Report Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England EU European Union FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

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References

• Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16). May 2016. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland.

• Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(16). May 2016. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland.

• East Riding of Yorkshire Council 2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report • East Riding of Yorkshire Council 2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report • East Riding of Yorkshire Council 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment. • East Riding of Yorkshire Council 2014 Annual Progress Report. • East Riding of Yorkshire Council 2013 Annual Progress Report. • East Riding of Yorkshire Council 2012 Updating Screening and Assessment.

• National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet, version 03/16 published in March 2018.

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