A New Declaration of Rights: Open Content Mining
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Draft 3 August 2010 Jorge L
DATA SHARING, LATENCY VARIABLES AND THE SCIENCE COMMONS Draft 3 August 2010 Jorge L. Contreras* ABSTRACT Over the past decade, the rapidly decreasing cost of computer storage and the increasing prevalence of high-speed Internet connections have fundamentally altered the way in which scientific research is conducted. Led by scientists in disciplines such as genomics, the rapid sharing of data sets and cross-institutional collaboration promise to increase scientific efficiency and output dramatically. As a result, an increasing number of public “commons” of scientific data are being created: aggregations intended to be used and accessed by researchers worldwide. Yet, the sharing of scientific data presents legal, ethical and practical challenges that must be overcome before such science commons can be deployed and utilized to their greatest potential. These challenges include determining the appropriate level of intellectual property protection for data within the commons, balancing the publication priority interests of data generators and data users, ensuring a viable economic model for publishers and other intermediaries and achieving the public benefits sought by funding agencies. In this paper, I analyze scientific data sharing within the framework offered by organizational theory, expanding existing analytical approaches with a new tool termed “latency analysis.” I place latency analysis within the larger Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, as well as more recent variations of that framework. Latency analysis exploits two key variables that characterize all information commons: the rate at which information enters the commons (its knowledge latency) and the rate at which the knowledge in the commons becomes be freely utilizable (its rights latency). -
The Future of Scholarly Communication: US Efforts to Bring Warring Factions to Common Purpose in Support of Scholarship
Information Services & Use 33 (2013) 27–36 27 DOI 10.3233/ISU-130689 IOS Press The future of scholarly communication: US efforts to bring warring factions to common purpose in support of scholarship John Vaughn ∗ Association of American Universities, Washington, DC, USA Abstract. Key stakeholders in scholarly communication have been at odds over the purpose, mission and business models of publishing. This piece reviews developments in the United States but with a particular focus on efforts at reestablishing common purpose, such as (1) the Scholarly Publishing Roundtable created in June 2009 by the Chairman of Science and Technology Committee of the US House of Representatives; (2) the Task force of the Association of American Universities and Association of Research Libraries established in 2012 to focus on university presses, scholarly journals and institutional repositories; and (3) the Office of Science and Technology Policy Memorandum of February 22, 2013 on Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research. Keywords: Open Access, Public Access, scholarly publishing 1. Towards collaborative action Anyone interested in scholarly communication probably has noted the parallels in the conduct and publication of research, such as • The importance of quality, e.g. the peer review of research grant proposals and of papers submitted to publication; • The increased internationalization, e.g. scholars collaborate in international networks and journals recruit editors and reviewers globally; and • The increased volume, i.e. the rapid global expansion of research drives the growth of published outcomes. In the United States, for scholars, libraries and institutions the premise is that “dissemination of knowl- edge is as important to the university mission as its production” [4]. -
Enabling Research Through Open Access Policies
THE SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION 21 Dupont Circle NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 296-2296 www.arl.org/sparc Enabling Research through Open Access Policies Heather Joseph, Executive Director SPARC Washington, DC USA The Issue • Funders invest in research with the expectation that it will result in improvements to the public good. • They increasingly recognize that dissemination is an essential component of the research process. • Research is cumulative - it advances through sharing results. The value of an investment in research is maximized only through use of its findings. www.arl.org/sparc 2 The Issue • Too often, the research results (either publicly or privately funded ) are simply not widely available to the community of potential users. • Internet provides new opportunity to bring information broader audience at virtually no marginal cost, and use it new, innovative ways. Result: Call for new framework designed to allow research results to be more easily accessed and used. www.arl.org/sparc 3 Without Open Access But Article Isn’t Available….. Usability is Key “By open access, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software or use them for any other lawful purpose…” - The Budapest Open Access Initiative www.arl.org/sparc 6 Greater Access is a Policy Concern “Governments would boost innovation and get a better return on their investment in publicly funded research by making research findings more widely available…. -
Open Access Publishing
Open Access The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Suber, Peter. 2012. Open access. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. [Updates and Supplements: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/hoap/ Open_Access_(the_book)] Published Version http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/open-access Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10752204 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA OPEN ACCESS The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series Information and the Modern Corporation, James Cortada Intellectual Property Strategy, John Palfrey Open Access, Peter Suber OPEN ACCESS PETER SUBER TheMIT Press | Cambridge, Massachusetts | London, England © 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons licenses noted below. To view a copy of these licenses, visit creativecommons.org. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. This book incorporates certain materials previously published under a CC-BY license and copyright in those underlying materials is owned by SPARC. Those materials remain under the CC-BY license. Effective June 15, 2013, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. -
Scientometrics1
Scientometrics1 Loet Leydesdorff a and Staša Milojević b a Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] b School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405-1901, United States; [email protected]. Abstract The paper provides an overview of the field of scientometrics, that is: the study of science, technology, and innovation from a quantitative perspective. We cover major historical milestones in the development of this specialism from the 1960s to today and discuss its relationship with the sociology of scientific knowledge, the library and information sciences, and science policy issues such as indicator development. The disciplinary organization of scientometrics is analyzed both conceptually and empirically. A state-of-the-art review of five major research threads is provided. Keywords: scientometrics, bibliometrics, citation, indicator, impact, library, science policy, research management, sociology of science, science studies, mapping, visualization Cross References: Communication: Electronic Networks and Publications; History of Science; Libraries; Networks, Social; Merton, Robert K.; Peer Review and Quality Control; Science and Technology, Social Study of: Computers and Information Technology; Science and Technology Studies: Experts and Expertise; Social network algorithms and software; Statistical Models for Social Networks, Overview; 1 Forthcoming in: Micheal Lynch (Editor), International -
Making Institutional Repositories Work “Making Institutional Repositories Work Sums It up Very Well
Making Institutional Repositories Work “Making Institutional Repositories Work sums it up very well. This book, the first of its kind, explains how IRs work and how to get the greatest re- sults from them. As many of us know, numerous IRs launched with high hopes have in fact languished with lackluster results. Faculty have little in- terest, and administrators see little promise. But the many chapter authors of this very well edited book have made their IRs successful, and here they share their techniques and successes. This is a necessary book for anyone contemplating starting an IR or looking to resurrect a moribund one.” — Richard W. Clement Dean, College of University Libraries & Learning Sciences University of New Mexico “This volume presents an interesting cross-section of approaches to in- stitutional repositories in the United States. Just about every view and its opposite makes an appearance. Readers will be able to draw their own con- clusions, depending on what they see as the primary purpose of IRs.” — Stevan Harnad Professor, University of Québec at Montréal & University of Southampton “Approaching this volume as one of ‘those of us who have been furiously working to cultivate thriving repositories,’ I am very excited about what this text represents. It is a broad compilation featuring the best and brightest writing on all the topics I’ve struggled to understand around re- positories, and it also marks a point when repository management and de- velopment is looking more and more like a core piece of research library work. Callicott, Scherer, and Wesolek have pulled together all the things I wished I’d been able to read in my first year as a scholarly communication librarian. -
Will Sci-Hub Kill the Open Access Citation Advantage and (At Least for Now) Save Toll Access Journals?
Will Sci-Hub Kill the Open Access Citation Advantage and (at least for now) Save Toll Access Journals? David W. Lewis October 2016 © 2016 David W. Lewis. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Introduction It is a generally accepted fact that open access journal articles enjoy a citation advantage.1 This citation advantage results from the fact that open access journal articles are available to everyone in the word with an Internet collection. Thus, anyone with an interest in the work can find it and use it easily with no out-of-pocket cost. This use leads to citations. Articles in toll access journals on the other hand, are locked behind paywalls and are only available to those associated with institutions who can afford the subscription costs, or who are willing and able to purchase individual articles for $30 or more. There has always been some slippage in the toll access journal system because of informal sharing of articles. Authors will usually send copies of their work to those who ask and sometime post them on their websites even when this is not allowable under publisher’s agreements. Stevan Harnad and his colleagues proposed making this type of author sharing a standard semi-automated feature for closed articles in institutional repositories.2 The hashtag #ICanHazPDF can be used to broadcast a request for an article that an individual does not have access to.3 Increasingly, toll access articles are required by funder mandates to be made publically available, though usually after an embargo period. -
Increasing Public and Fair Access to Scientific Findings
Increasing Public and Fair Access to Scientific Findings Siyuan (Grace) Zhou University of Missouri-Columbia Abstract Public and fair access to scientific findings is an increasingly important movement for scientists, researchers, and knowledge workers who can put the findings to good use and build upon the scholarly research to innovate. Choosing the location of the digital repository to house the research articles is an essential part of developing an open access policy for federal agencies. Where the journal articles would reside has been a controversial issue between publishers and Open Access advocates. This poster presents the background of the FASTR Act and the analysis of the scientific data sharing issues among the U.S. government agencies and academic publishers. It also proposes and demonstrates a centralized government-funded repository leading to a faster and wider sharing of scientific research, which enables the continued advance of science, stimulates innovation stimulation, and grows the overall economy. Keywords: FASTR; Open Access; Open Policy; Data Sharing doi: 10.9776/16456 Copyright: Copyright is held by the authors. Contact: [email protected] Introduction Public and fair access to scientific findings is an increasingly important movement for scientists, researchers, and knowledge workers who can put the findings to good use and build upon the scholarly research to innovate. To increase access to the results of federally funded scientific research, the U.S. legislation has been committed to proposition that taxpayers deserve easy access to the results of scientific findings their text dollars have paid for. John Cornyn, the senator for Texas, and Ron Wyden for Oregon introduced the Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR) in February 2013. -
Mapping Scientometrics (1981-2001)
Mapping Scientometrics (1981 -2001) Chaomei Chen College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Email: [email protected] Katherine McCain College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Email: kate .mccai n@cis .drexel . ed u Howard White College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Email: [email protected] Xia Lin College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Email: xia .I in@cis . d rexel. edu We investigate an integrated approach to co-citation analysis could lead to a clearer picture of the scientometric studies with emphasis to the use of cognitive content of publications (Braam, Moed, & Raan, information visualization and animation 1991a, 1991b). techniques. This study draws upon citation and In Little Science, Big Science, Derek de Solla Price co-citation patterns derived from articles (1963) raised some of the most fundamental questions that published in the journal Scientornetrics (1981- have led to the scientometric study today: Why should we 2001). The modeling and visualization takes an not turn the tools of science on science itself? Why not evolutionary and historical perspective. The measure and generalize, make hypotheses, and derive design of the visualization model adapts a virtual conclusions? He used the metaphor of studying the landscape metaphor with document cocitation behavior of gas in thermodynamics as an analogue of the networks as the base map and annual citation science of science. Thermodynamics studies the behavior of rates as the thematic overlay. The growth of gas under various conditions of temperature and pressure, citation rates is presented through an animation but the focus is not on the trajectory of a specific molecule. -
Index of /Sites/Default/Al Direct/2012/June
AL Direct, June 6, 2012 Contents American Libraries Online | ALA News | Booklist Online Anaheim Update | Division News | Awards & Grants | Libraries in the News Issues | Tech Talk | E-Content | Books & Reading | Tips & Ideas Great Libraries of the World | Digital Library of the Week | Calendar The e-newsletter of the American Library Association | June 6, 2012 American Libraries Online Transforming libraries—and ALA— continued When Maureen Sullivan becomes ALA president on June 26, one thing that is certain to continue ALA Annual Conference, from Molly Raphael’s presidency is the thematic Anaheim, June 21–26. If focus on transforming libraries. “Our shared you can’t attend the vision around community engagement and whole ALA Annual transforming libraries will move forward without a break,” Raphael Conference, the Exhibits said. She added that ALA is uniquely positioned to contribute to Only passes starting at efforts underway all over the country—indeed the world—to transform $25 are ideal. In addition libraries into places that engage with the communities they serve.... to the 800+ booths to American Libraries feature explore, the advance Happy Birthday, Prop. 13 reading copy giveaways, the many authors, and Beverly Goldberg writes: “Proposition 13, the the knowledgeable California property tax–cap initiative that unleashed vendors, you can enjoy an era of fervent antitax sentiment and activism dozens of events. You can across the US, is 34 years old today. It wasn’t that attend ALA Poster Californians had tired of government services, Sessions, visit the ALA explains Cody White in his award-winning essay in Conference Store, or drop Libraries & the Cultural Record. -
Notes from the Interoperability Front: a Progress Report on the Open Archives Initiative
Notes from the Interoperability Front: A Progress Report on the Open Archives Initiative Herbert Van de Sompel1, Carl Lagoze2 1Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM mailto:[email protected] 2Computing and Information Science, Cornell University Ithaca, NY USA 14850 [email protected] Abstract. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) was first released in January 2001. Since that time, the protocol has been adopted by a broad community and become the focus of a number of research and implementation projects. We describe the various activities building on the OAI-PMH since its first release. We then describe the activities and decisions leading up to the release of a stable Version 2 of the OAI-PMH. Finally, we describe the key features of OAI-PMH Version 2. 1 Introduction Over a year has passed since the first release of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH) in January 2001. During that period, the OAI- PMH has emerged as a practical foundation for digital library interoperability. The OAI-PMH supports interoperability via a relatively simple two-party model. At one end, data providers employ the OAI-PMH to expose structured data, metadata, in various forms. At the other end, service providers use the OAI-PMH to harvest the metadata from data providers and then subsequently automatically process it and add value in the form of services. While resource discovery is often mentioned as the exemplar service, other service possibilities include longevity and risk management [19], personalization [16], and current awareness. The general acceptance of the OAI-PMH is based on a number of factors. -
Strategische Und Operative Handlungsoptionen Für Wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen Zur Gestaltung Der Open-Access-Transformation
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