The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust: the Borderlands of Romania and the Soviet Union Diana Dumitru Index More Information

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust: the Borderlands of Romania and the Soviet Union Diana Dumitru Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13196-5 - The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust: The Borderlands of Romania and the Soviet Union Diana Dumitru Index More information Index Agitprop (Department of Propaganda and Ba ̆ i,̦ lt 72 , 74 , 77 , 80 , 82 , 87 , 89 , 91 , 172 Agitation), 106 , 110 , 112 , 113 , 115 Baltic States, 2 , 9 , 19 , 20 Akhmechetka camp, 197 Baraboi, 90 Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, 29 , Bauer, Yehuda, 2 30 , 31 , 33 Beilis Affair, 51 Alexander III, Emperor of Russia, 30 Belgium, 65 Alexa ̆ ndreni, 74 Belorussia, 2 , 5 , 19 , 186 , 188 Alistar, Elena, 141 , 142 Berezovka, 204 , 213 , 224 , 228 Altshuler, Mordechai, 102 Bergen, Doris, 230 Anan’ev, 42 , 123 Berkhoff, Karel, 187 Ancel, Jean, 11 , 204 , 214 , 224 , 228 Bershad, 196 Angrick, Andrej, 226 Bessarabets , 45 antisemitism Bezbozhnik , 121 as reported by GPU/OGPU, 111 , 112 , Bezbozhnik u stanka , 121 , 122 115 , 118 Bilhorod-Dnistrovskii, 167 Bessarabian peasants of, 83 , 84 , 87 Birobidzhan, 97 , 124 , 126 Iron Guard of, 72 , 74 Birzula, 107 , 125 Romanian offi cials of, 77 , 78 – 83 Black Hundreds, 41 , 42 , 125 Romanian universities in, 63 Black Sea, 2 , 176 , 230 tsarist bureaucracy of, 39 – 40 , 41 – 42 Bogdanovka, 189 , 221 , 228 Antonescu, Ion, 11 , 141 , 174 , 178 , 179 , Borisov, 188 193 , 211 , 216 Braha, 79 Arad, Yitzhak, 186 Bra tianu,̆ Ion, 55 Arbeiter shtime , 49 Bravicea, 86 Argentina, 57 Brazil, 57 Armenians, 34 , 46 , 131 , 220 Briceni, 67 , 68 , 161 Aryanization, 177 Briceva, 89 , 90 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 7 Bros teni,̧ 202 Brown, Kate, 98 , 241 Ba ̆ cioi, 164 Browning, Christopher, 12 Badeev, Iosif, 97 Bucharest, 61 , 63 , 67 , 76 , 177 Balitskii, Vsevolod, 114 Bucovina, northern (region), 64 , 76 , 140 , Balta, 47 , 122 , 123 , 132 , 136 , 195 , 204 , 208 182 , 189 , 193 263 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13196-5 - The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust: The Borderlands of Romania and the Soviet Union Diana Dumitru Index More information 264 Index Buczacz, 23 Dean, Martin, 5 Bug River, 181 , 227 Dekel-Chen, Jonathan, 116 Bulgaria, 53 Deletant, Dennis, 11 Bulgarians, 8 , 34 , 77 , 94 Denikin, A.I., 63 Bulletin périodique de la presse roumaine , 58 denunciations, 216 , 226 Buna Vestire , 90 deportations of Jews Butuceni, 195 , 203 from Bessarabia/Bucovina to Transnistria, 23 , 142 , 181 Cahul, 74 from Chișina ̆ u to Transnistria, 162 Ca ̆ inari, 80 ghettoization and, 190 Ca ̆̆ la ras i,̧ 89 , 161 from Odessa to Berezovka, 228 Ca linescu,̆ Armand, 72 within Transnistria, 181 Caragaci Vechi, 74 Der Deutsche in Transnistrien Carol II, King of Romania, 70 , 73 (newspaper), 243 Central Asia, 29 Diary of a Writer , 44 Cepeleut i,̦ 153 , 154 , 156 , 161 Dnepropetrovsk, 187 Cerna ̆ ut i,̦ 61 , 168 Dnieper River, 94 Cetatea Albă 77 , Dniester River, 33 , 57 , 75 , 79 , 95 , 107 , Chernigov, 38 163 , 166 , 176 , 186 Chichagov, Serafi m, 50 Domanevka, 190 , 192 , 193 , 199 , 204 , Chișina ̆ u (Kishinev) 205 , 243 deportations of Jews from, 162 , 170 Dondukov-Korsakov, A.M., 38 ghetto, 142 , 160 , 163 , 166 Dondus eni,̧ 72 Jewish population of, 34 Dorohoi, 192 Cimis lia,̧ 74 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 37 , 44 , 134 citizenship, 8 , 56 , 63 , 69 Dubno, 147 , 148 Ciuma bruna ,̆ 75 Dubossary, 107 Cluj, 61 Dubrovin, Aleksandr, 41 Cobâlka, 90 , 154 , 163 Duca, Ion, 72 Codreanca, 84 , 163 Dumbra ̆ veni, 147 , 148 , 149 Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea, 62 , 63 , Dunaievskii, Isaak, 126 67 , 70 , 73 Dzhurin, 205 Coma ̆ rnescu, Petre, 61 Commissariat for Jewish National Edinet ,̦ 89 , 161 , 170 Affairs, 96 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 241 constitution Einsatzgruppe C, 184 1923 Romanian, 8 , 56 , 63 , 69 Einsatzgruppe D, 181 , 183 , 225 , 226 , Soviet, 6 227 , 230 Corpaci, 244 , 245 Einsatzkommandos, 2 , 184 Cosa ̆ ut i,̦ 162 , 169 Eliade, Mircea, 62 Cotiujenii Mari, 74 , 78 Epstein, Barbara, 2 , 187 Crimea, 110 , 124 Erdecbarno, 74 Cristescu, Eugen, 216 Cuza, Alexandru C., 70 , 82 , 144 , 145 Fa ̆ les ti,̧ 88 , 162 , 239 Cuzists, 65 , 66 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 75 , famine 80 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 145 , 146 , of 1921–1922, 108 , 116 239 , 245 of 1932–1933, 19 , 129 , 138 , 195 , 208 Ferdinand I, King of Romania, 63 Dacia (newspaper), 79 Filderman, Wilhelm, 56 Dal’nik, 212 Flores ti,̧ 83 , 161 Dallin, Alexander, 184 , 209 France, 65 Da ̆ scă lescu, Nicolae, 213 Frasin, 89 , 90 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13196-5 - The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust: The Borderlands of Romania and the Soviet Union Diana Dumitru Index More information Index 265 Galat i,̦ 74 Kaganovich, Lazar, 97 Gârbova, 171 Kalinin, Mikhail, 124 Georgians, 136 Kamenev, Lev, 99 Germany, 4 , 5 , 30 , 54 , 75 , 76 , 92 , 94 , 99 , Kamenka, 108 139 , 176 Karady, Victor, 58 Gessen, Iosif, 32 Kaulbars, A.V., 41 Ghershunovka, 195 Kazakhs, 135 , 136 Ghidirim, 180 , 186 Kenez, Peter, 104 , 117 Ghiris eni,̧ 156 Kherson, 28 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 42 , 47 , 49 , 110 Ghirovo, 144 , 149 , 156 , 174 , 239 Kiev, 38 , 51 , 108 , 187 , 188 Gitelman, Zvi, 17 , 52 King, Charles, 215 Goga, Octavian, 70 Kingdom of Poland, 31 Golta, 125 , 136 Kodyma, 107 GPU/OGPU (Soviet secret police), 99 , Kolbasna, 189 100 , 109 , 111 , 112 , 114 , 115 , 116 , Komsomol and Komsomol members, 110 , 118 , 119 112 , 113 , 135 , 221 Grazhdanin , 44 Kopaigorod, 204 Greeks, 34 , 46 , 94 Kopaigorod ghetto, 182 Gross, Jan, 9 , 236 Kopanskii, Iakov, 57 Gura Ca ̆ inari, 172 Kopstein, Jeffrey, 20 Gypsies, 77 , 98 Korolenko, Vladimir, 45 Kostyrchenko, Gennadii, 242 Hânces ti,̧ 82 Kotovsk, 145 Harvard Interview Project, 129 , 131 Kozintsy, 198 Hellbeck, Jochen, 10 , 11 Krivoe Ozero, 107 , 205 Himmler, Heinrich, 176 , 228 Krushevan, Pavel, 41 , 45 , 48 , 50 Hirova, 74 Kuropatkin, A.N., 39 Hitler, Adolf, 76 , 98 , 218 , 242 Kutaisov, P.I., 38 Hoffmeyer, Horst, 176 Kuznetsovo, 190 Hoginești, 63 Hotin, 72 , 87 L’viv, 18 , 224 Hungarians, 8 Lambroza, Shlomo, 41 Hungary, 53 , 78 LANC, 62 , 70 , See National Christian Defence League Iampol, 183 Landau, Michael, 59 Iaroslavskii, Emel’ian, 99 La ̆ pus na,̧ 74 Ioanid, Radu, 11 League of the Militant Godless, 99 Ionescu, Alexandru, 158 Legion of the Archangel Michael (Iron Ionescu, Eugene, 61 Guard, Romania), 74 Iorga, Nicolae, 57 , 62 , 70 Legionnaires (members of the Iron Guard), Iron Guard, 62 , 63 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 74 , 75 , 239 79 , 80 , 90 , 239 Lenca ̆ ut i,̦ 171 Italy, 54 Lerner, Natan, 59 Ivanet ,̦ 79 Limbenii Noi transit camp, 168 Iva ̆ nes tii̧ Noi, 74 lishentsy , 102 Ivanovka, 201 Lithuania, 52 , 186 Izvestiia , 124 Liublin, 149 , 150 Livezeanu, Irina, 59 , 61 Jedwabne, 2 Jewish Labor Bund, 59 Ma ̆ rcules ti̧ transit camp, 161 , 169 , 172 Joint (American Jewish Joint Distribution Marianovca de Sus, 156 , 165 Committee), 69 , 116 Martin, Terry, 11 , 93 , 129 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13196-5 - The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust: The Borderlands of Romania and the Soviet Union Diana Dumitru Index More information 266 Index mass purges, 138 Orhei, 57 , 80 , 146 , 162 , 166 , 170 MASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Otaci, 82 , 90 Socialist Republic), 78 , 95 , 97 , 103 , 116 Ottoman Empire, 33 Mereșeuca, 169 Ozarintsy, 129 Mestovka camp, 200 OZET (Society for Resettlement of Jewish Miller, Alexei, 46 Toilers on the Land), 116 Minsk ghetto, 2 , 187 modernization Pale of Settlement, 29 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 46 , 48 effects of, 33 , 237 Palestine, 18 , 57 , 66 , 83 , 96 , 113 , 125 Jews and, 58 , 92 , 124 Panaitescu, Dumitru, 58 Romanian project of, 7 , 53 , 55 , 60 Paris Peace Conference (1919), 56 Soviet project of, 6 , 11 , 96 Pârlit a,̦ 162 Mogilev-Podolskii, 176 , 197 , 202 , 204 , 207 Pa ̆ ulescu, Nicolae, 61 Moldovans, 169 Pechora camp, 182 , 194 , 195 , 198 , 199 , Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 18 , 201 , 205 139 , 173 Pepeni, 65 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 156 , 160 Molva , 223 Pervomaisk, 108 Morozeni, 166 Petersen, Roger, 18 , 19 , 20 Moscow, 78 , 95 , 129 Petliura, Semen, 76 , 107 , 124 Petreni, 170 Na ̆ dușita, 65 Petriceicu Hașdeu, Bogdan, 44 Nakhimov, Pavel, 32 Petrograd, 99 Nashi Dostizheniia , 124 Plehve, Viacheslav, 39 , 40 Nathans, Benjamin, 29 , 101 Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 37 National Christian Defense League Pociumba ̆ ut i,̦ 175 (Romania), 62 , 80 Podolia, 28 , 33 , 34 , 42 , 47 , 49 National Democratic Party (Romania), 69 pogroms National Liberal Party (Romania), 69 Balta, 47 National Peasant Party (Romania), 70 , 71 Bucharest, 76 Nemirov, 185 Buczacz, 23 Nemirovka, 149 Dumbra ̆ veni, 148 NEP (New Economic Policy), 101 Ias i,̧ 76 Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, 36 Kherson, 47 Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia, 40 , 42 , 49 Kielce, 236 Nisporeni, 167 Kishinev, 39 , 45 , 47 , 48 NKVD (People’s Commissariat of Internal Odessa, 37 , 49 , 209 Affairs), 100 , 144 , 146 , 149 , 150 , 151 , Russian Empire, 40 , 46 , 49 184 , 216 , 226 Telenes ti,̧ 148 Novoe vremia , 44 Zgurit a,̦ 149 Novorossiia, 34 Pohl, Dieter, 225 Poland, 2 , 9 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 27 , 29 , Obodovka, 169 , 199 33 , 52 , 94 , 159 , 163 , 188 , 236 , Ochiul Alb, 170 241n24 , 242 Odessa Poles, 46 , 79 , 94 , 98 , 125 , 185 denunciations in, 217 Poltava, 187 deportation of Jews from, 212 , 213 Poznanko, 195 executions in, 211 Pravda , 124 Jewish population of, 35 , 210 Pronin, Georgii, 48 Ogonek , 124 propaganda Ol’viopol, 42 against antisemitism, 103 – 09 , 127 Onișcani, 86 , 90 , 146 antifascist, 75 © in this web
Recommended publications
  • Women in Merchant Families, Women in Trade in Mid-19Th Century Romanian Countries
    Please provide footnote text CHAPTER 7 Women in Merchant Families, Women in Trade in Mid-19th Century Romanian Countries Nicoleta Roman Starting with the 17th century, Greek merchants and, to a lesser extent, their Balkan associates became recognized in the Romanian territories by setting up trading companies in Sibiu (1636) and Brașov (1678) under the protection of the Austrian Empire. Citing local lore, Nicolae Iorga wrote that the Saxons intermediated between the Germans, representing the West, who never crossed the Carpathians, and the Turks, representing the East, who never left Bucharest.1 To the Saxon intermediaries, were added Greeks, Romanians, Serbs, Bulgarians, and Macedonians. The Treaty of Sremski Karlovici (Karlowitz) (26 January, 1699) set the boundaries between Austria and the Ottoman Empire and emphasized the importance of transit spaces such as Transylvania, favour- able to the development of flourishing economic activity and of an influen- tial social class in the region. The 18th century brought changes in commercial policy and the newcomers gained certain rights and began to make a profit. Until that time, they were not permitted to bring their families to the Austrian Empire from territories under Turkish rule (țara turcească), were prohibited from selling products at retail prices and from having their own street shops.2 However, political events such as the treaties of Požarevac (Passarowitz) (21 July, 1718) and Küçük Kaynarca (21 July, 1774) shaped new economic ex- changes among the three neighbouring empires of Austria, Russia, and Turkey. These changes marked the decline of Ottoman influence and the rise of a Russian-Austrian rivalry in Balkan trade, which, in turn, brought new challeng- es regarding international commerce, merchant mobility, and immigration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Official Intepreation of Islam Under the Soviet Regime
    _______________________________________________________________________ Journal of Religious Culture Journal für Religionskultur Ed. by / Hrsg. von Edmund Weber in Association with / in Zusammenarbeit mit Matthias Benad Institute for Irenics / Institut für Wissenschaftliche Irenik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main ISSN 1434-5935- © E.Weber – E-mail: [email protected] _______________________________________________________________________ No. 77 (2005) The Official Interpretation of Islam under the Soviet Regime A Base for Understanding of Contemporary Central Asian Islam By Seyfettin Erşahin* Abstract Islam, the Muslim traditions and the ulama in Central Asian societies are becoming increasingly important for assessing the situation in and around the region. To understand of the post Soviet Muslim republics it is nec- essary to know the Islamic heritage of the Soviet Union, i.e. the Islamic understanding and interpretation of So- viet official ulama which still influence the mind of the people and the contemporary Central Asian ulama. The official ulama were endeavouring to reconcile Islam with science and progress and to guarantee its survival in a modern environment, they served by an extremely energetic effort to preserve Islam at least in purity and integ- rity as religion and national sentiment and to prevent it from relapsing into deprivation and ignorance. The most important official Muslim religious figure, the Mufti of Tashkent Z. Babakhan interpreted Islam as a bulwark of progress, disseminator of knowledge, the religion of peace and friendship; portrayed the Prophet Muhammad as a “democrat, reformer and revolutionary, even a socialist”; reconciliation with socialism and communism. Key words: Soviet Islam, Soviet Ulama, Central Asia. To understand of the post Soviet Muslim republics it is necessary to know the Islamic heri- tage of the Soviet Union, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Start GA CLGE 2010
    According to the Guidelines for hosting General Assemblies of CLGE , APCGC (The Romanian Association of Private Surveyors), UGR (the Romanian Union of Geodesists) and ANCPI (Romanian Agency of Cadastre and Land Registration) as organizers of G.A. CLGE & ECC Romania 2010 would like to present you the following draft schedule: 1. Organization 2. Date 3. Venue 4. Agenda 5. Invitation papers 6. Accommodation 7. Social programme 8. Participation fees 9. Payments THE COUNCIL OF EUROPEAN GEODETIC SURVEYORS ROMANIA ––BUCHARESTBUCHAREST 2010 COMITÉ DE LIAISON DES GÉOMÈTRES EUROPÉENS 1. Organization We are pleased to inform you that we signed of number of protocols with the Romanian authorities for the organization of the General Assembly of CLGE and ECC in Bucharest. Thus, the National Agency of Cadastre and Land Registration will provide logistic and financial means for the ECC. Furthermore, The Bucharest Municipality will offer to our guests public transportation, access to museums and a reception. THE COUNCIL OF EUROPEAN GEODETIC SURVEYORS ROMANIA ––BUCHARESTBUCHAREST 2010 COMITÉ DE LIAISON DES GÉOMÈTRES EUROPÉENS 2. Date The proposed period agreed by the Executive Bureau of CLGE together with APCGC and UGR is spring 2010, between 6 th and 8 th of May. Definitely, the final decision will be made by the General Assembly in September 2009, in Rome. THE COUNCIL OF EUROPEAN GEODETIC SURVEYORS ROMANIA ––BUCHARESTBUCHAREST 2010 COMITÉ DE LIAISON DES GÉOMÈTRES EUROPÉENS 3. Venue APCGC took all the necessary steps in order to organize the G.A. in the Palace of Parliament Bucharest, in “Nicolae Iorga” Hall. The distance between the “Henri Coanda ” airport and Bucharest city is about 16 km and takes less than 60 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • JUNE, 28Th –JULY, 3Rd 1940)
    THE OCCUPATION OF THE NORTHERN BUKOVINA BY THE USSR (JUNE, 28th –JULY, 3rd 1940). POLITICAL AND MILITARY OBSERVATIONS Cezar CIORTEANU Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava [email protected] Rezumat: Ocuparea nordului Bucovinei de către URSS (28 iunie – 3 iulie 1940). Observaţii politico-militare Articolul trece în revistă și analizează contextul geopolitic și geostrategic internaţional care a condus la ocuparea nordului Bucovinei de către URSS în 1940, fără nici un fel de rezistenţă militară din partea României. În primul rând, este analizat contextul geopolitic internaţional din luna iunie 1940, marcat de desfiinţarea unor alianţe și dispariţia sau capitularea unor state pe care se baza sistemul de securitate al României: autodesfiinţarea Micii Înţelegeri (România, Cehoslovacia, Iugoslavia) și a Înţelegerii Balcanice (România, Iugoslavia, Grecia, Turcia) în 1938, dispariţia Poloniei ca stat în septembrie 1939 și capitularea Franţei la 22 iunie 1940. În continuare, sunt prezentate acţiunile politico-diplomatice ale URSS de obţinere a neutralităţii Germaniei în ceea ce privește dorinţa de a ocupa toată Bucovina iniţial, sudul Bucovinei ulterior, derulate în intervalul 23 august 1939 – 26 iunie 1940. Partea a treia a articolului, bazată aproape în întregime pe surse arhivistice, surprinde principalele acţiuni de pregătire militară a URSS în vederea invadării nordului Bucovinei, în cazul în care România nu ar fi cedat acest teritoriu de bunăvoie și ar fi încercat să opună rezistenţă militară. În finalul articolului este analizată ipoteza, vehiculată practic până astăzi în istoriografia română, în conformitate cu care ar fi fost mai bine pentru România să opună rezistenţă militară la ultimatumul sovietic din 26 iunie 1940. Abstract: The article reviews and analyzes the international geopolitical and geostrategic context, which led to the occupation of Bukovina by the USSR in 1940, without any military resistance from Romania.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide City Tour Bucharest Hopon-Hopoff Sightseeing Bus Tour : Sightseeing-Bus-Tours.Html
    Guide city tour Bucharest Hopon-hopoff sightseeing bus tour : http://romaniatourism.com/romania-maps/bucharest/bucharest-hopon-hopoff- sightseeing-bus-tours.html 1 Guide city tour Bucharest Stopp 1: Piata Presei - Herăstrău Park Sos. Kiseleff 32 Bucharest Romania , Herastrau Anyone who still thinks that Bucharest is a city of concrete and cement has clearly never been to the city’s lung, the incomparable Herastrau Park. Quite simply, this glorious park, spread over 187 hectares around Herastrau lake is one of the jewels in Bucharest’s crown, which might explain why half of the city chooses to spend its summer Sunday afternoons here. Herastrau was laid out from 1930-36 on what had until then been mainly marshland around the (natural) lake. The Village Museum - which occupies a large part of Herastrau and which is one of its most popular attractions was created at the same time. As early as the late 19th century, however, parts of the lakeshore served as a promenade for Bucharest’s wealthy, and the area surrounding the lake had long since become the most fashionable in the city. Indeed, the residence of Romania’s royal family, the Elisabeta Palace, is found inside Herastrau (although it is closed to the public). The name Herastrau has been in general use since the early 1960s. Herastrau was long neglected in the wake of the Romanian revolution of 1989, as the priorities of a country in transition lie elsewhere. In recent times however, the park has enjoyed much investment and has for a couple of years now once again been able to claim the title of the city’s best.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of Literary Ethnography in the Russian Empire: from the Far East to the Pale of Settlement, 1845-1914 by Nadezda B
    THE EMERGENCE OF LITERARY ETHNOGRAPHY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: FROM THE FAR EAST TO THE PALE OF SETTLEMENT, 1845-1914 BY NADEZDA BERKOVICH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literature in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Harriet Murav, Chair and Director of Research Associate Professor Richard Tempest Associate Professor Eugene Avrutin Professor Michael Finke ii Abstract This dissertation examines the intersection of ethnography and literature in the works of two Russian and two Russian Jewish writers and ethnographers. Fyodor Dostoevsky, Vladimir Korolenko, Vladimir Bogoraz, and Semyon An-sky wrote fiction in the genre of literary ethnography. This genre encompasses discursive practices and narrative strategies in the analysis of the different peoples of the Russian Empire. To some extent, and in some cases, these authors’ ethnographic works promoted the growth of Russian and Jewish national awareness between 1845 and 1914. This dissertation proposes a new interpretive model, literary ethnography, for the study of the textualization of ethnic realities and values in the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth-century. While the writers in question were aware of the ethnographic imperial discourses then in existence, I argue that their works were at times in tune with and reflected the colonial ambitions of the empire, and at other times, contested them. I demonstrate that the employment of an ethnographic discourse made possible the incorporation of different voices and diverse cultural experiences. My multicultural approach to the study of the Russian people, the indigenous peoples of the Russian Far East, and the Jews of Tsarist Russia documents and conceptualizes the diversity and multi-voicedness of the Russian Empire during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bolshevik Campaign Against Religion in Soviet Russia: 1917-1932
    The Bolshevik Campaign against Religion in Soviet Russia: 1917-1932 A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Ryan Shepler The Ohio State University May 2008 Project Advisor: Professor David Hoffmann, Department of History Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1 – The Bolshevik Revolution: Communist Ideology Meets Russian Culture ..... 6 Chapter 2 – Universal Literacy: The First Step to an Atheistic Society ............................ 13 Chapter 3 – The Schoolhouse: Eliminating Religion at Its Roots..................................... 23 Chapter 4 – A New Soviet Culture: Atheism in Policy and Art........................................ 32 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 43 Appendix A...................................................................................................................... 47 Works Cited..................................................................................................................... 48 2 Introduction Upon taking over Russia in 1917, the Bolsheviks had an ambitious plan: they wanted to transform the country, destroying the remnants of a capitalistic tsarist order and replacing it with a new government that would rule in the name
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    Book Reviews Book Reviews Ellen Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. 573 pp. $17.95 [paper]. Reviewed by Michael Warner, History Staff, Central Intelligence Agency Ellen Schrecker has produced a comprehensive survey of the public assault on Com- munism in America in the mid-twentieth century. Schrecker, a professor of history at Yeshiva University and the author of No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Univer- sities, knows her subject inside and out, having researched it from the most recently available documents and memoirs of those involved. The main purpose of the book is to explain the common “mechanisms, assump- tions, and institutions” of McCarthyism. That phenomenon began with the onset of World War II and lingered after Senator Joseph McCarthy’s fall. It came in several varieties: right-wing, liberal, Republican, and even left-wing versions (the latter comprising anti-Stalinist radicals and apostates from the Communist Party). All anti- Communists shared a consensus about the nature of Communism and its potential threat to American life, and they cooperated with one another to combat that threat. Many Are the Crimes shows how a relatively small number of anti-Communists became the vanguard of the movement. According to Schrecker, these writers, lawyers, and activists shared, to one degree or another, McCarthy’s “dishonesty, opportunism, and disregard for civil liberties” (p. 265). She argues that, with the institutional sup- port of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), they were able indirectly to guide the loyalty proceedings, blacklists, and other McCarthyist actions against suspected Communists in government, academia, the media, and the business world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Orthodox Church and Atheism
    TEUVO LAITILA The Russian Orthodox Church and atheism Introduction After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the mate, atheism has little chance of thriving, whereas religious tide in Russia has been quick to rise. Dur- there is a sort of ‘social demand’ for its critique. ing the Soviet era, religion – particularly Orthodox In what follows I therefore focus on what the Rus- Christianity and Islam – was considered to be one sian Orthodox Church (ROC) has had to say about of the ‘enemies of the people’. Since the late 1990s atheism and how her statements can be related to a however, Russian politicians at all levels of the power break with the past and the construction of a new structure have associated themselves either with the Russia. Or, in my opinion, actually deleting the So- Orthodox, or on some occasions with the Muslim, viet period from the history of Russia as an error and clergy. The present state of affairs in the relations seeing present-day Russia as a direct continuation of between religion and the state are well illustrated by the pre-Soviet imperial state. the cordial liaison of the late Patriarch Aleksii II with Despite speaking in the ‘name’ of the ROC, I, of President Vladimir Putin and the equally warm in- course, have selected some influential, visible and volvement of President Dmitry Medvedev, and his well-known persons as spokesmen of the Church. I wife Svetlana Medvedeva, with the new Patriarch do not aim to suggest that opinion within the ROC Kirill, who was elected in January 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin's Soviet Union: New Dimensions of Research
    Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin’s Soviet Union New Dimensions of Research Edited by Andrej Kotljarchuk Olle Sundström Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin’s Soviet Union New Dimensions of Research Edited by Andrej Kotljarchuk & Olle Sundström Södertörns högskola (Södertörn University) Library SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications © Authors Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Cover image: Front page of the Finnish-language newspaper Polarnoin kollektivisti, 17 December 1937. Courtesy of Russian National Library. Graphic form: Per Lindblom & Jonathan Robson Printed by Elanders, Stockholm 2017 Södertörn Academic Studies 72 ISSN 1650-433X Northern Studies Monographs 5 ISSN 2000-0405 ISBN 978-91-7601-777-7 (print) Contents List of Illustrations ........................................................................................................................ 7 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 9 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 15 ANDREJ KOTLJARCHUK & OLLE SUNDSTRÖM PART 1 National Operations of the NKVD. A General Approach .................................... 31 CHAPTER 1 The
    [Show full text]
  • Proiectul Feroviar Românesc (1842-1916)'
    H-Romania Pârâianu on Popescu, 'Proiectul feroviar românesc (1842-1916)' Review published on Wednesday, March 18, 2015 Toader Popescu. Proiectul feroviar românesc (1842-1916). Bucharest: Simetria, 2014. Illustrations. 294 pp. n.p. (paper), ISBN 978-973-1872-34-6. Reviewed by Răzvan Pârâianu (Targu Mures University, Department of History and International Relations) Published on H-Romania (March, 2015) Commissioned by R. Chris Davis Last Stop, Modernity: The Romanian Railway Project Nowadays, when the Romanian railway system is in decay due endemic mismanagement, rampant corruption, and a chronic lack of resources, accounts of the truly pioneering epoch of the railway system and its visionaries may come as a surprise. Yet, from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century, Romania’s railway stations were perceived as veritable temples of modernity. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Literatură și artă română (Romanian literature and art), one of the most respectable cultural reviews, published a photo series of the Romanian railways, including its stations and bridges.[1] Nothing epitomized the progress of those years more than these robust and modern structures. A new nation had been born, and these were the signs of its promising future. In Mihail Sebastian’s 1944 play Steaua fără nume (The star without a name), Ms. Cucu, the local schoolmistress in a provincial town, every day corrals the young girls gathered at the station to witness the express train passing through their little town. The wonderment stirred by images of the railway reveals a fascination with the luxury and glamour of another world, of an intangible realm of progress and wealth.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Formation of the Romanian State —
    The History of Formation of the Romanian State — From the Middle Ages to the Proclamation OPEN ACCESS of the Romanian Kingdom László Gulyás — Gábor Csüllög FORMATIVE FACTORS European states differ in their ages, the formation of some dating back to the early medieval times, even if they had different forms and dynastic relations throughout the centuries. Some others are young states that formed their autonomous existence as states either through secession from the territories of preceding states, or through transforming their dependent and partial state actualization into an autonomous one in the 19th–20th century, in accordance with the politics of great powers. The Balkan and Eastern Europe are typical examples of such regions, and Romania stands out even among the young states, with its singular historical development and territorial changes. The major historical and geographical factors of the formation and spatial development of the Romanian state are the followings: — the features and characteristics of the geographical space — the intermediary position between large European regions — the workings of the routes between these — the processes of population migration, most significant during the early periods — the formation of the major Eastern and South-Eastern cultural spaces and the sta- bilization of religious spaces — the long-lasting impact of the imperial spaces of the periods, and the alternating dominant directions of effects — the decisions of great powers that shaped the region Until the end of the 19th century, the Romanian territorial organisation consisted of two similarly structured, but separate princedoms, Wallachia and Moldavia.1 Regard- ing geography, the territories of the two principalities were not only adjacent, but similarly arranged.
    [Show full text]