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Cerbul Lopatar in Zona Tismana (Jud ANUL XVI I NR. 28 2011 CINEGETICA Cerbul lopatar in zona Tismana (Jud. Gorj) SORIN GEACU Este singura regiune unde exista acest mamifer in judetul1961. imprejmuirea era din lemn (despicaturi), cu inaltimea Gorj, in cel mai nordic loc din Oltenial. de 2 m. in tarc existau 3 hranitori, 3 sararii, iar apa provenea Depresiunea Tismana se afla in extremitatea de vest a Sub-de la un izvor captat. in tarc cerbii lopatari au avut vitei. carpatilor Romanesti, la 35 km vest de Targu Jiu si la 15In noaptea de 3/4 ianuarie 1963, in tarc a patruns un ras care km nord-est de Baia de Arama (jud. Mehedinti), la limita dea omorat 3 tauri de la care a consumat carnea dintre picioare- nord-vest a judetului Gorj. Altitudinile arealului frecventatle din spate, putina carne de la gat si ficatii. de cerbii lopatari variaza Intre 200 m (la sud de padurea Ser-Cerbii lopatari au fost tinuti timp de 3 ani in tarc, dupa care sori) si 592 m in Dealul Cornetu. au fost lasati liberi in vara anului 1965, numarul for fiind Climatul este mai bland, datorita influentelor submedite-atunci de 17. in anul 1966 s-a demolat tarcul. raneene si foehnizarii aerului. Temperatura medie anuala aLa Inceput, ei s-au mentinut in padurea Dumbrava, atunci aerului este de 9,5°C la statia meteorologica Apa Neagra (si-incadrata fondului de vanatoare Vanata, numit asa dupa sa- tuata la 12 km spre sud-vest la 260 m altitudine), cu un ma-tul omonim aflat in vestul padurii. Ulterior, arealul speciei xim in iulie (20,4°C) si un minim in ianuarie (-2,4°C). Minimase extinde cu deosebire spre vest, catre valea Pocruii, menti- absoluta a fost de - 30,0°C (13 ianuarie 1985). nandu-se de peste 4 decenii pe fondurile de vanatoare (veci- La Tismana, cantitatea de precipitatii atmosferice este de 925 ne) Dumbrava si Tismana ale Ocolului Silvic Tismana. mm/an. Cel mai mult ploua in luna iunie (102 mm), iar cel maiEfectivul a sporit apoi de 4 ofi, astfel ca in primavara anului putin in august (58 mm). Anotimpual, cantitatea de precipita-1968 existau 40 exemplare. Migrarea unor exemplare spre sud tii este repartizata astfel: iarna - 23,8%, primavara - 26,8%,si spre est (de unde nu au mai revenit), dar si atacurile lupilor, vara - 24,0% si toamna - 25,4%. Data medie de aparitie aau determinat reducerea cu 32% a efectivului, astfel ca prima- primului strat de zapada este 20 noiembrie, iar a ultimului vara anului 1968 s-au observat numai 27 exemplare (Cotta, Bo- 9 martie, astfel ca durata medie a intervalului cu strat de za-dea, 1969), din care 12 masculi si 15 ciute. intre 1969 si 1970, pada este de 101 zile.Paraiele sunt permanente, dar cu debit numarul cerbilor lopatari se reduce din nou (cu Inca 30%). variabil (Tismana, Pocruia, Sohodol).Structura pe specii a pa- durilor frecventate de cerbii lopatari este urmatoarea: stejarLa inceputul anilor '70, cerbi lopatari puteau fi vazuti si in pedunculat (40%), gorun (25%), castan (15%), tei (10%) si alte praful de pe mijlocul drumului national Tg. Jiu-Pestisani- specii (10%), incadrandu-se ecosistemului padurilor precar-Tismana-Baia de Arama (pe atunci neasfaltat), pe sectorul patice cu stejar pedunculat". Grupe le de varsta dominante ale (de circa 2 km) unde acesta traverseaza padurea Dumbrava. arboretelor sunt 20-60 ani (37%) si de 100-130 de ani (42%). Ulterior, populatia se reface, sporind de 4,2 ori in intervalul Propunerea de introducere a acestei specii a fost luata de1970-1984, astfel incat, in luna martie 1984 s-a atins ma- fosta Directie Regionala Silvica Oltenia din Craiova, de care ximul populational - 80 de exemplare (tab. 1). De altfel, in apartinea la inceputul anilor '60 Ocolul Silvic Tismana. Colo-1984, pe Dealul Pocruii s-a si vazut un card de 60 de cerbi nizarea s-a facut in luna iunie 1962, cand s-au adus 10 exem-lopatari in apropierea hranitorii din parcela forestiera 14. plare adulte (mai multe ciute) din parcul Sarlota (jud. Timis). Tab. 1 - Dinamica efectivului (exemplare) Transportul s-a facut in lazi cu vagon CFR pe distanta de 280 The dynamics of Fallow Deer effectives (specimens) km, pe traseul Sarlota-Lipova-Simeria-Petrosani-Targu Jiu, An 1962 1965 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1975 19761977 apoi Inca 30 km cu un camion pana in padurea Dumbrava. Ex.10 174027 2719 252532455658 Acestea s-au introdus initial Intr -un tarc de 2,3 ha (70% din suprafata erau arborete de stejar pedunculat si 30% poiana) 19781979 1980 1981 1982198319841985198619871988 amplasat la altitudinea de 260 m, in parcela 54 B a padurii 58 60 60 60 64 74 80 54 58 62 70 Dumbrava (la 4 km est de Tismana), tarc construit in anul 19891990 1991 1992199319941995199619971998 2001 70 45 50 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 27 1 Autorul multumeste pentru unele informatii furnizate, dom- 200220032004200520062007200820092010 nilor ingineri silvici Gheorghe Paraschivu (Pestisani) si Dragos Dragotescu (Tismana). 27 43 42 43 40 36 39 49 48 91 REVISTA DE SILVICULTURA 51 CINEGETICA in iarna grea 1984/1985 au murit 26 exemplare, inregistran-cidentat pe valea Piscurilor, la nord de Topesti. du-se astfel o diminuare a efectivului cu 32% (zapada groasaArealul general al speciei cuprinde un teritoriu de circa 15000 de 1,1-1,8 m s-a pastrat pana la 25 februarie 1985). ha delimitat de valea Pocruia in vest si padurea Dumbrava in Urmeaza o scurta perioada (1986-1989) de usor spar al nu-est (extindere pe 9 km de la vest la est). Mai frecvent insa, marului de indivizi (70 in 1989), dupa care efectivul se di-cerbii lopatari se intalnesc in regiunea impadurita aflata de minueaza de 3,5 ori, ajungand la 20-30 exemplare pana ino parte si alta a paraului Tismana, la latitudinea manastirii ultimii ani, cauzele fiind braconajul (de exemplu s-au gasitsi a Ocolului Silvic. Aceasta cuprinde, la est de parau : Dealul braconate 5 exemplare in 1990, apoi 10 in 1996), migrareaMereazului, Piatra Babiii Poarta Fantana Corbului, iar la (cum a fost in 1992), diminuarea resurselor de hrana prinvest Dealul Gorganu, Dealul Pocruiai Dealul Magura Cor- uscarea arboretelor de castan, etc. netu., Poiana Fata Vantului. Acest areal are 5 km de la vest la in multi ani pana in 1989, exemplare s-au constatat chiar si est Si latimea de 1-1,5 km. Aici linistea (nu sunt localitati in curtea Ocolului Silvic Tismana, fiind surprinse mancanddoar un singur drum modernizat pe valea Tismanei)i hrana din claile de fan. Altele au ajuns pana in padurile din apropi-sunt asigurate. erea schitului Cioclovina de Jos (2,5 km nord de manastire),Valorile sex-ratio au fosti sunt corespunzatoare (tab. 3). padurile Ieroni, Cotu cu Aluni, Vartoapele. Tab. 3- Valorile raportului intre sexe Miscarea exemplarelor in teritoriu arata faptul ca au fost Sex ratio values unii ani cand majoritatea cerbilor lopatari erau in padurea 1976- An 1969 1975 1990 20052006 2010 Dumbrava (de exemplu 1993 - 20 in padurea Dumbrava si 10 1989 1998 la Tismana-Pocruia)i alti ani (dupa 2002) cand majoritatea M/F 1/1,2 1/1,2 1/1 1/1,2 1/1 1/1,7 1/1,6 1/1,6 se afla in padurile de la nord de satul Tismana. La inceputul anului 2010 numarul acestora era de 48 (tab. 2). in luna martie 2010 s-au observat 18 masculi si 30 femele. Tab. 2 - Numarul cerbilor lopatari pe fondurile de vancItoare (FV) Locurile actuale de boncanit sunt: Dealul Pocruii, Dealul Dumbrava si Tismana in ultimul deceniu Fantana Corbuluii padurea de la sud de Manastirea Tisma- Fallow Deer numbers on the Dumbrava and Tismana hunting funds na. in perioada cu efective mari din anii '80, existau trei lo- over the past ten years curi de boncanit si in padurea Dumbrava. FV 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Recoltarea acestui mamifer a inceput in 1973. in intervalul Dumbrava 13 13 12 11 11 9 9 13 15 15 1973-1996 s-au vanat 18 exemplare (tab. 4). Tismana 14 14 31 31 32 31 27 26 34 33 Tab. 4 - Exemplare recoltate (in unii ani pe sexe) Din cele 40 de exemplare existente in primavara anului 2007, Collected specimens (by sex in some years) circa 75% (27 exemplare) s-au observat in padureaersori- An 1973 19761979198019841986 1987 198819891996 Ruseatai numai 9 (25%) in padurea Dumbrava. in prima- Ex. 1 4f 1 m if2mf2m2mf2m2m 1 vara anului 2011, s-au vazut 14 cerbi lopatari in apropierea sediului Ocolului Silvic Tismana, 9 exemplare in padurea Ru-Cele mai valoroase trofee erau medaliabile cu bronz. De circa seata si 4 tauri in padurile din apropiereamarthstiriiTismana.15 ani nu s-a mai vanat acest mamifer. Existenta lupilor a facut ca - in timp - efectivul speciei saIn lunile iunie-iulie 2001, s-a observat prezenta unei femele nu creasca prea mult. Cerbi lopatari consumati de lupi s-au albe, disparuta apoi. identificat in anii : 1972 (1), 1973 (1), 1976 (4 ciute), 1977 (6),in cuprinsul arealului speciei, exists 13 hranitori si 25 sararii. 1978 (1 ciuta), 1980 (1), 1981 (4), 1984 (1). in 1976 o ciuta a fost omorata de ras si alte 3 ciute de lupi. in anul 1977, 2 Bibliografia masculi si 4 femele au fost gasite °morale de lupi in parcela 19 din sudul padurii Dumbrava (la sud de soseaua nationala).Barbu, I., Decei, P.,1964: Oltenia din punctul nostru de vedere, Vanato- nili Pescarul Sportiv, nr. 6, Bucuresti.Cotta, V., Bodea, M.,1969, Vana- In 1983 un exemplar a fost accidentat pe soseauanationala, tul Romaniei, Edit.
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