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The Urban Middle Class in the Instability of New Democracies
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Academic Research Repository at the Institute of Developing Economies The urban middle class in the instability of new democracies 著者 Kawanaka Takeshi 権利 Copyrights 日本貿易振興機構(ジェトロ)アジア 経済研究所 / Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO) http://www.ide.go.jp journal or IDE Discussion Paper publication title volume 260 year 2010-11 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2344/922 INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES IDE Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussions and critical comments IDE DISCUSSION PAPER No. 260 The Urban Middle Class in the Instability of New Democracies Takeshi KAWANAKA* November 2010 Abstract The recent revolts of the middle class in the national capitals of the Philippines and Thailand have raised a new question about democratic consolidation. Why would the urban middle class, which is expected to stabilize democracy, expel the democratically elected leaders through extra-constitutional action? This article seeks to explain such middle class deviation from democratic institutions through an examination of urban primacy and the change in the winning coalition. The authoritarian regime previously in power tended to give considerable favor to the primate city to prevent it revolting against the ruler, because it could have become a menace to his power. But after democratization the new administration shifts policy orientation from an urban to rural bias because it needs to garner support from rural voters to win elections. Such a shift dissatisfies the middle class in the primate city. In this article I take up the Philippines as a case study to examine this theory. -
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HAWAII-FILIPINO NEWS PHILIPPINE NEWS GLOBAL NEWS inside look Emme 3 Aquino to China: 8 Son of Prince 14 JULY 30, 2011 Tomimbang Wins Filipinos Will Charle's Wife Raves Telly Award Defend Territory About Pinoy Dishes H AWAII’ S O NLY W EEKLY F ILIPINO - A MERICAN N EWSPAPER PHILIPPINE WARSHIP DOCKS AT PEARL HARBOR by Dennis GALOLO and Carlota ADER he Philippine Consulate General of Honolulu and members of Hawaii’s Filipino community held a warm welcome for the offi- T cers and crew of the Philippines’ biggest and newest warship which recently docked at Pearl Harbor. A former U.S. Coast Guard cutter, the The outpouring of aloha was deeply BRP Gregorio del Pilar was expected to re- appreciated by the ship’s officers and crew. fuel, take on supplies and allow its crew to “We are overwhelmed with the hospi- enjoy a brief R&R. As of press time, it was tality shown to us by the Filipino community scheduled to depart for the Philippines on and the Philippine Consulate,” says com- Friday, July 29, 2011. manding officer Capt. Alberto Cruz. “It re- Before leaving Hawaiian waters, the flects the bayanihan spirit and camaraderie Philippine Consulate of Honolulu hosted a of our kababayans. Thank you for making Commanding Officer Capt. Alberto Cruz and Crew of BRP Gregorio del Pilar–Philippine's newest reception and send-off mass for the Grego- us feel at home.” flagship. Photography TIM LLENA rio del Pilar. In attendance were Deputy Consul General Paul Cortes, consulate offi- BRIEF BACKGROUND Gregorio del Pilar. -
Communication Variables Favoring Celebrity Candidates in Becoming Politicians: a Case Study of the ῍Ῑῑῐ and ῎ῌῌ῏ Elections in the Philippines
Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. ῐῐ,No.ῐ, March ῎ῌῌῒ Communication Variables Favoring Celebrity Candidates in Becoming Politicians: A Case Study of the ῍ῑῑῐ and ῎ῌῌ῏ Elections in the Philippines Elmina Rayah Dizon M6C>6<Dῌ Abstract What conditions have made it possible for television celebrities to enter politics? Why are there many Filipino celebrities who are elected as national government officials? Most political analysts and media critics devoted time in analyzing public approval ratings and ad spending during the campaign period to understand voting behavior and political choice. While those studies may also be helpful, they do not cover the overall set-up that contributes to the rising trend of celebrity politicians. This article offers to fill a gap in current scholarship on celebrity politician phenomenon by identifying factors that affect the communication process between the celebrity candidate and voters even BEFORE the official campaign starts. For this reason, I chose to loosely base my framework on David Berlo’s Source-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) communication model. I found out that ῍ ) the socio-cultural and political backgrounds of Source and Receiver; ῎ ) the social role and spectatorship in relation to Message; and, ῏ ) the television’s nature as a Channel and its socio-economic background were critical communication factors in paving the way for Philippines to have ῍῍ celebrity politicians as president, vice president and, senators during the ῍ΐ and ῎ῌῌῐ elections combined. Keywords: celebrity politicians, Republic of the Philippines, media, communication, elec- tion Introduction The emergence and increase of celebrity politicians in the Philippine national govern- ment can be tracked down to communication variables that favor celebrities. -
Lino Brocka and the New Cinema of the Philippines
91 THE STRUGGLE OF THE OPPRESSED: LINO BROCKA AND THE NEW CINEMA OF THE PHILIPPINES THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Arminda V. Santiago, B.A., M.A. Denton, Texas August 1993 Santiago, Arminda V., The Struggle of the Oppressed: Lino Brocka and the New Cinema of the Philippines. Master of Arts (Radio, Television, Film), August 1993, 227 pp., appendix, bibliography, 115 titles. This study is an examination of Lino Brocka's development as a filmmaker of the New Cinema of the Philippines. It provides a close textual analysis of two recent Brocka films, Macho Dancer (1988) and Fight for Us (1989) using a sociocultural approach to the study of the representation of aspects of social reality and their relationship to contemporary Philippine society. The study is divided into six chapters: Chapter I contains the introduction to the study, Chapter II traces the development of Philippine cinema in relation to Philippine socio-political history, Chapter III describes the New Cinema film movement in the Philippines, Chapter IV provides a biographical sketch of Lino Brocka in which the development of his critical attitude, notions of social reality, and significant works are discussed, Chapter V contains the film analyses, and Chapter VI contains the conclusions to the study. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank the following institutions and individuals for helping make this thesis possible: The Fulbright-Hays Scholarship Program of the United States Information Agency The Institute of International Education The Philippine American Education Foundation The Institute of Library Science, University of the Philippines The College of Mass Communication, University of the Philippines The Film Center, University of the Philippines The Filipiniana Section of the Main Library, University of the Philippines Professor Grace Javier Alfonso, University of the Philippines Professor Joel S. -
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OPINION LEGAL NOTES MAINLAND NEWS inside look Obama: 7 Heavy Visa Demand 13 Civil Rights Groups 14 MAY 29, 2010 Kiss of Death Puts Nurses In U.S. In Sue to Stop Arizona in Hawaii Tight Spot Immigration Law H AWAII’ S O NLY W EEKLY F ILIPINO - A MERICAN N EWSPAPER MORATO: 7 COMELEC EXECUTIVES INVOLVED IN POLL FRAUD By Delon PORCALLA ANILA, Philippines - Former Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) chairman Manuel Morato yesterday claimed a group of men that included offi- M cials of the Commission on Elections (Comelec) had approached him to ensure the victory of administration presidential candidate Gilberto Teodoro for P1 billion. Morato made the statement before the House Morato confirmed the earlier claims of lawyer Ho- committee on suffrage and electoral reforms led mobono Adaza that seven people, four of them Com- by Makati City Rep. Teodoro “Teddyboy” Locsin elec regional directors, were involved in the cheating and said he turned down the offer on behalf of operation. Teodoro. “I would like to clarify that it is not my intention to Claiming that he is “completely ignorant” of malign any candidate here. There is nothing scan- computers, Morato testified before the committee dalous in what I will be telling. It (cheating operation) that he is “convinced” that technical irregularities was offered to Gibo (Teodoro) through me. I was sup- were indeed committed in the automated May 10 posed to be the conduit,” he said. elections. Morato clarified though that he turned down the Locsin initially wanted to hear the former offer, telling the group that it was “out of character for PCSO chief in executive session on what could be Gibo” to avail of such services. -
Strengthening the Social Acceptance of Family Planning in the Philippines: a Communication and Advocacy Project Usald Contract No
Strengthening the Social Acceptance of Family Planning in the Philippines: A Communication and Advocacy Project USAlD Contract No. 492-C-00-02-00019-00 BEST AVAILABLE 0 I TABLE OF CONTENTS I Page PROJECT BACKGROUND 1 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS Project Organization and Start-Up Technical Management and Coordination Behavior Change Communication Component Advocacy and Social Mobilization Component Health Provider Component IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND ACTIONS TAKEN OR RECOMMENDED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTION POINTS FOR 2003 (Q4) AND 2004 ANNEXES: Workplan 2002-2003 Quarterly Benchmarks ARMM Concept Paper Local Grants Guidelines BCC Plan ASM Plan HP Plan Publicity and Quick Response Plan (Interim) Topline Report on Formative Research Creative Brief PROJECT BACKGROUND The Project, Strengthening Social Acceptance of Family Planning in the Philippines: A Communication and Advocacy Project, was awarded to the Academy for Educational Development (AED) as the prime contractor in collaboration with The Futures Group Inc. (TFGI), Center for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA) and Ketchum PR as subcontractors. The contract (USAID Contract No. 492-C-00-02-00019-00) covers a three-year period starting August 15,2002 with a one-year option. The goal of the project, commonly referred to as The Social Acceptance Project - Family Planning (TSAP-FP), is to achieve greater social acceptance of family planning as part of a healthy lifestyle. This goal (Intermediate Result No. 3) directly contributes to the USAID Philippine Mission's overall Strategic Objective -
Communication Variables Favoring Celebrity Candidates in Becoming Politicians: a Case Study of the ῍Ῑῑῐ and ῎ῌῌ῏ Elections in the Philippines
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. ῐῐ,No.ῐ, March ῎ῌῌῒ Communication Variables Favoring Celebrity Candidates in Becoming Politicians: A Case Study of the ῍ῑῑῐ and ῎ῌῌ῏ Elections in the Philippines Elmina Rayah Dizon M6C>6<Dῌ Abstract What conditions have made it possible for television celebrities to enter politics? Why are there many Filipino celebrities who are elected as national government officials? Most political analysts and media critics devoted time in analyzing public approval ratings and ad spending during the campaign period to understand voting behavior and political choice. While those studies may also be helpful, they do not cover the overall set-up that contributes to the rising trend of celebrity politicians. This article offers to fill a gap in current scholarship on celebrity politician phenomenon by identifying factors that affect the communication process between the celebrity candidate and voters even BEFORE the official campaign starts. For this reason, I chose to loosely base my framework on David Berlo’s Source-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) communication model. I found out that ῍ ) the socio-cultural and political backgrounds of Source and Receiver; ῎ ) the social role and spectatorship in relation to Message; and, ῏ ) the television’s nature as a Channel and its socio-economic background were critical communication factors in paving the way for Philippines to have ῍῍ celebrity politicians as president, vice president and, senators during the ῍ΐ and ῎ῌῌῐ elections combined. Keywords: celebrity politicians, Republic of the Philippines, media, communication, elec- tion Introduction The emergence and increase of celebrity politicians in the Philippine national govern- ment can be tracked down to communication variables that favor celebrities.