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The Dee Regulation Scheme - in a Nutshell the River Dee (Afon Dyfrdwy) Rises in the Mountains of Snowdonia National Park, to the West of Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid)
The Dee Regulation Scheme - in a nutshell The River Dee (Afon Dyfrdwy) rises in the mountains of Snowdonia National Park, to the west of Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid). After flowing through a broad valley to Corwen, it tumbles eastwards through the spectacular Vale of Llangollen before breaching the Welsh foothills, near Bangor-on-Dee and meandering northwards through the Cheshire plain to its tidal limit at Chester Weir. The River Dee is an internationally famous example of river basin management. Through the Dee Regulation Scheme, the river system is managed in a sustainable way to meet many different functions, uses and needs. For example: • water abstracted in its lower reaches for public supply exceeds the combined supply of the reservoirs of the Lake District in England; • the low lying land alongside the river below Bala floods less frequently; • the fishery is preserved and fully considered; • recreational activities have been developed at appropriate locations; • hydro-electric power is generated at Llyn Celyn. Historical developments During dry summer weather, the natural flows of the River Bala sluices Dee are not enough to sustain The Industrial Revolution and public health significant abstractions of problems due to polluted rivers led to more water. But, if excess flood flows demand for water. As a result, numerous can be stored in reservoirs, reservoirs were built in natural valleys during the this water can be released in latter half of the 19th Century. These were based dry weather to boost the low on the direct supply principle, with the relatively river flows. This can enable clean upland reservoir water, following basic continuous water abstraction treatment, being piped to the area of supply. -
Michelle Wright
Artist Statement: Michelle Wright A site-specific piece about the construction of the reservoir Llyn Celyn, flooding the Tryweryn Valley and demolishing the village of Capel Celyn in the process. This piece is a continuation of an ongoing theme relating to displacement. In this case, the displacement of the village residents to provide water to Liverpool. The events that happened at the time also prompted a strong sense of Welsh Nationalism and calls for Devolution which continue to this day. Inspired by the artist Tim Davis, who uses film, photography and installation to respond to and represent specific sites of interest. Davis also created a piece called Capel Celyn where he cast 5000 wax nails based on a rusty nail found on the bed of Llyn Celyn during a period of drought. Initial focus for this project was on the effects of this controversial scheme on the local community and the protests and rallies that took place against the Tryweryn Dam project. Two mood boards were created using original media photographs to describe the sense of emotion that the project had provoked in the local community. These mood boards were then photographed and the new photographs used to create the Digital Collage that comprises a 5-metre Statement Banner depicting the protests that took place at the time. Additional Banners were also printed as an accompaniment. The photograph “Dirty Laundry” bears reference to the fact that the water contained in Llyn Celyn is used for domestic purposes in Liverpool and beyond. For every gallon of water that arrives from Llyn Celyn at the Huntington Treatment Works in Chester, a gallon is sent to Liverpool to provide water to the Liverpool population for domestic purposes. -
Display Only Environmental Change Research Centre
DISPLAY ONLY ISSN 1366-7300 " ' A " lfit~ 'U~ ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE RESEARCH CENTRE University College London RESEARCH REPORT No. 36 A study of recent environmental change at Llyn Tegid (Lake Bala), Wales H. Bennion, E. Shilland & P.G. Appleby A Report to the Environment Agency by Ensis Ltd. March 1997 Environmental Change Research Centre University College London 26 Bedford Way London WClH0AP Executive Summary 1. This is the final report to the Environment Agency: A study of recent environmental change at Llyn Tegid (Lake Bala), Wales. 2. The project employs palaeolimnological techniques to evaluate the ecological implications and extent of eutrophication at Llyn Tegid since c. 1925 AD. 3. This report describes the lithostratigrapy, carbonaceous particle profile, radiometric dating, and fossil diatom assemblages in eleven levels of a sediment core from the deep basin of the lake. 4. A diatom-based transfer function is applied to the core data to generate a quantitative reconstruction of total phosphorus (TP) concentrations for the lake, following taxonomic harmonization between the training set and core species data.. The TP reconstruction is calculated using a Northwest European calibration set of 152 lakes (Bennion et al., 1996). 5. The study shows that Llyn Tegid is naturally an oligotrophic lake with diatom assemblages indicative of nutrient-poor waters and diatom-inferred TP (DI-TP) concentrations of c. 10 µg r1 from 1925 until the mid to late 1970s. The diatom community was remarkably stable with very little variation throughout this period. There was a clear shift in the diatom community, however, at c. 1975 marked by a significant decline in the small, oligotrophic Cyclotella taxa and an increase in Asterionella formosa, a taxon typically associated with mesotrophic conditions. -
The Transport System of Medieval England and Wales
THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF MEDIEVAL ENGLAND AND WALES - A GEOGRAPHICAL SYNTHESIS by James Frederick Edwards M.Sc., Dip.Eng.,C.Eng.,M.I.Mech.E., LRCATS A Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Salford Department of Geography 1987 1. CONTENTS Page, List of Tables iv List of Figures A Note on References Acknowledgements ix Abstract xi PART ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter One: Setting Out 2 Chapter Two: Previous Research 11 PART TWO THE MEDIEVAL ROAD NETWORK 28 Introduction 29 Chapter Three: Cartographic Evidence 31 Chapter Four: The Evidence of Royal Itineraries 47 Chapter Five: Premonstratensian Itineraries from 62 Titchfield Abbey Chapter Six: The Significance of the Titchfield 74 Abbey Itineraries Chapter Seven: Some Further Evidence 89 Chapter Eight: The Basic Medieval Road Network 99 Conclusions 11? Page PART THREE THr NAVIGABLE MEDIEVAL WATERWAYS 115 Introduction 116 Chapter Hine: The Rivers of Horth-Fastern England 122 Chapter Ten: The Rivers of Yorkshire 142 Chapter Eleven: The Trent and the other Rivers of 180 Central Eastern England Chapter Twelve: The Rivers of the Fens 212 Chapter Thirteen: The Rivers of the Coast of East Anglia 238 Chapter Fourteen: The River Thames and Its Tributaries 265 Chapter Fifteen: The Rivers of the South Coast of England 298 Chapter Sixteen: The Rivers of South-Western England 315 Chapter Seventeen: The River Severn and Its Tributaries 330 Chapter Eighteen: The Rivers of Wales 348 Chapter Nineteen: The Rivers of North-Western England 362 Chapter Twenty: The Navigable Rivers of -
Lighting Plan
Exterior Lighting Master Plan Ver.05 -2015 Snowdonia National Park – Dark Sky Reserve External Lighting Master Plan Contents 1 Preamble 1.1.1 Introduction to Lighting Master Plans 1.1.2 Summary of Plan Policy Statements 1.2 Introduction to Snowdonia National Park 1.3 The Astronomers’ Point of View 1.4 Night Sky Quality Survey 1.5 Technical Lighting Data 1.6 Fully Shielded Concept Visualisation 2 Dark Sky Boundaries and Light Limitation Policy 2.1 Dark Sky Reserve - Core Zone Formation 2.2 Dark Sky Reserve - Core Zone Detail 2.3 Light Limitation Plan - Environmental Zone E0's 2.4 Energy Saving Switching Regime (Time Limited) 2.5 Dark Sky Reserve – Buffer Zone 2.5.1 Critical Buffer Zone 2.5.2 Remainder of Buffer Zone 2.6 Light Limitation Plan - Environmental Zone E1's 2.7 Environmental Zone Roadmap in Core and Critical Buffer Zones 2.8 External Zone – General 2.9 External Zone – Immediate Surrounds 3 Design and Planning Requirements 3.1 General 3.2 Design Stage 3.2.1 Typical Task Illuminance 3.2.2 Roadmap for Traffic and Residential Area lighting 3.3 Sports Lighting 3.4 Non-photometric Recipe method for domestic exterior lighting 4 Special Lighting Application Considerations 5 Existing Lighting 5.1 Lighting Audit – General 5.2 Recommended Changes 5.3 Sectional Compliance Summary 5.4 Public Lighting Audit 5.5 Luminaire Profiles 5.6 Public Lighting Inventory - Detail Synopsis Lighting Consultancy And Design Services Ltd Page - 1 - Rosemount House, Well Road, Moffat, DG10 9BT Tel: 01683 220 299 Exterior Lighting Master Plan Ver.05 -2015 APPENDICES -
Assessment of Ecological Status in UK Lakes Using Diatoms
Assessment of ecological status in UK lakes using diatoms Report – SC070034/TR3 The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales. It’s our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by everyone in today’s society, so that tomorrow’s generations inherit a cleaner, healthier world. Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, reducing industry’s impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife habitats. This report is the result of research commissioned and funded by the Environment Agency. Published by: Author(s): Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Helen Bennion Bristol, BS1 5AH Amy Burgess Steve Juggins www.environment-agency.gov.uk Martyn Kelly Gayle Reddihough ISBN: 978-1-84911-282-6 Marion Yallop © Environment Agency – October 2012 Dissemination Status: Publicly available All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Keywords: Lake, Diatom, Lake Trophic Diatom Index, LTDI, The views and statements expressed in this report are Biological Quality Element, BQE, Freshwater those of the author alone. The views or statements Classification, Water Framework Directive, WFD expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of the Environment Agency and the Research Contractor: Environment Agency cannot accept any responsibility for M.K. Kelly, Bowburn Consultancy, such views or statements. 11 Monteigne Drive, Bowburn, Durham, DH6 5QB 0191 377 2077. Further copies of this report are available from our publications catalogue: http://publications.environment- Environment Agency’s Project Managers: agency.gov.uk or our National Customer Contact Rachel Benstead, Evidence Directorate Centre: T: 08708 506506 Jane Jamieson, Evidence Directorate E: [email protected]. -
John Cowper Powys's Porius: a Reader's Companion
John Cowper Powys: Porius A Reader’s Companion Updated and Expanded Edition W. J. Keith April 2009 “Reader’s Companions” by Prof. W.J. Keith to other Powys works are available at: https://www.powys-society.org/Articles.html Preface The aim of this “Companion” is to provide background information that will enrich a reading of Powys’s novel/romance. It glosses Welsh, classical, biblical, and other allusions, identifies quotations, explains geographical and historical references, and offers any commentary that may throw light on the more complex aspects of the text. (When a quotation is involved, the passage is listed under the first word even if it is “a” or “the.”) It was first made available on the Internet and in booklet form in 2004, and has subsequently been updated and revised from time to time. The present version has been thoroughly reset and expanded. Numerous errors discovered in the intervening years have been corrected. All page-references are to Judith Bond and Morine Krissdóttir’s edition published by Overlook Duckworth in 2007, with those to Wilbur T. Albrecht’s 1994 edition from Colgate University Press following in square brackets. Since the latter contained many errors and inconsistencies, the words listed often appear there in somewhat different form. Moreover, because the editions are based on different copy-texts, some references appear only in one of the editions; when those occurring in only one version require separate annotation, they have been identified and glossed. References to other JCP books published during his lifetime will be either to the first editions or to reprints that reproduce the original pagination, with the following exceptions: Wolf Solent (London: Macdonald, 1961), Weymouth Sands (London: Macdonald, 1963), Maiden Castle (ed. -
The River Dee
R-,jr-r, I DEAN 01 CHESS THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE RIVER DEE ITS ASPECT AND HISTORY THE RIVER DEE BY J. S. HOWSON, D.D. DEAN OF CHESTER ALFRED RIMMER WITH NINETY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS ON WOOD FROM DRAWINGS BY ALFRED RIMMER LONDON J . S. VIRTUE & CO., LIMITED, 26, IVY LANE PATERNOSTER ROW 1889. LONDON : FEINTED BY J. S. VIRTUE A!CD CO., LIMITRD. CITV EOAD ID 3 \\-\84- PREFACE. N revising these pages for separate publication I have been made very conscious, both of the excellence and charm of their subject on the one hand, and, on the other hand, of the very inadequate and unworthy manner in which the subject is here treated. It would be a most pleasant task to me, if sufficient health and opportunity were granted to me, to endeavour to do more justice to the scenery and history of this river; but many difficulties the and I impeded even writing of these short chapters ; have been compelled in some degree to modify their original plan and arrangement, especially as regards the Estuary. Under these circumstances my friend Mr. Rimmer had the goodness to write the Tenth and Eleventh Chapters, having reference to the architectural topics, with which he is professionally conversant. J. S. II. COLWYN BAY, July \-jth, 1875. 1051243 PREFACE. 'ITH reference to the brief Preface which was written by the late Dean Howson, it may be said that he contemplated an enlarged edition, with many subjects added that he first limits of could not include in his ; and now, course, such a hope is past. -
Display Only Environmental Change Research Centre
DISPLAY r- ONLY ISSN 1366- 7300 L rL. r [ r ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE [ RESEARCH CENTRE L University College London RESEARCH REPORT No. 43 [ Integrated Classification and Assessment of Lakes in , Wales: Phase IV. A Report to the Countryside Council for L Wales: Contract No. FC 73-01-71 r - L. Editor: D. T. Monteith December 1997 Environmental Change Research Centre University College London 26 Bedford Way London WClHOAP Integrated Classification and Assessment of Lakes in Wales: Phase IV - Final Report Editor: D.T.Monteith CCW Science Report No. 214 Environmental Change Research Centre University College London 26 Bedford Way, London WClH OAP A report to the Countryside Council for Wales by ENSIS Ltd. Contract No. FC 73-01-71 Nominated Officer DR. C. A. DUIGAN December 1997 Distribution CountrysideCouncil for Wales -Nominated Officer,Freshwater Ecologist (3 copies) -BiologicalSciences Registry (1 Copy) -The Librarian(1 Copy) -CCW areas ( 5 Copies) Joint Nature ConservancyCommittee -The Librarian( 1 Copy) English Nature -The Librarian(1 Copy) Scottish Natural Heritage -The Librarian(1 Copy) Department of the Environment(Northern Ireland) -The Librarian( I Copy) The National Library of Wales -The Librarian(1 Copy) Executive Summary 1 This is the final report to the Countryside Council for Wales under contract FC 73-01-71: 'Integrated Classification and Assessment of Lakes in Wales: Phase IV' and follows the format adopted in Phase I (Allott et al. 1994). 2 Data are presented for the ten lakes surveyed in this phase of the study, all of which occur in North Wales. These are Hanmer Mere, Llyn Tegid, Llyn Alwen. Llyn Glasfryn, Llyn Rhos Ddu, Llynnau Mymbyr, Gloyw Lyn, Llyn yr Wyth Eidion, Llyn Cau and Llyn Llagi. -
Mabon: the Fall Equinox Ritual Altar: Pieces of Straw, Firebox With
Mabon: The Fall Equinox Ritual Altar: pieces of straw, firebox with bunched up newspaper, bowl of water, paper cups Four directions: candle, incense, water bowl, stones Invocation Circle Cast History Libation: each person dips paper cup into bowl, and pours onto ground, giving thanks for some source of sustenance or transformation Song: The Earth Is Our Mother Burning of straw: each person identifies source of change, places straw in firebox Dance: counterclockwise around fire, chanting “The Earth, the Wind , the Fire...” Song: She Changes Everything She Touches Story: Birth of Taliesin - Ceridwen’s cauldron brings transformation Meditation: Cauldron of Ceridwen Circle opened Invocation This is the time of harvest, of thanksgiving and joy, of leave-taking and sorrow. Now day and night are equal, in perfect balance, and we give thought to the balance and flow within our own lives. The Sun King has become the Lord of Shadows, sailing West: we follow him into the dark. Life declines, the season of baroness is on us, yet we give thanks for that which we have reaped and gathered. We meet to turn the Wheel and to weave the cord of life that will sustain us through the dark. History Throughout the British Isles and Ireland great ceremony attended the cutting of the last sheaf, the last refuge of the harvest spirit. The sheaf was often braided into the shape of a woman and sometimes dressed in a gown. In the Highlands it was called the Maiden or the Hag, just as the Celtic goddess traditionally has two faces - of life and of death. -
Environmental Constraints and Opportunities Record
Llyn Tegid Reservoir Safety Project Environmental Constraints and Opportunities Record Version: 8.0 Page 1 of 82 www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Version History: Document Date Project Stage Version Published 1.0 Mar-2018 Draft Scoping - for NRW internal review 2.0 June-2018 Final Scoping - for NRW Enviro PM comment 3.0 July-2018 Final Scoping - for NRW internal review 4.0 Aug-2018 Final Scoping - for external review 5.0 Sept-2018 Final Scoping - following external review 6.0 Aug-2019 Draft Update to Part A and completion of Part B – for NRW internal review 7.0 Sept-2019 Final Impact Assessment – for NRW review 8.0 Nov-2019 Final Impact Assessment – for consenting Date Page 2 of 82 www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Contents i. Crynodeb Gweithredol ............................................................................................... 4 ii. Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources ................................................... 11 1.3 Project Description ................................................................................................ 13 1.4 Project Objectives ................................................................................................ -
Dark Sky Reserves Status for Snowdonia Contents
Gwarchodfa Awyr Dywyll Dark Sky Reserve Dark Sky Reserves status for Snowdonia Contents 1. Executive Summary Page 2 2. Introduction to National Parks Page 5 3. Snowdonia National Park Page 6 4. The Problem of Light Pollution Page 11 5. Countering Light Pollution Page 12 6. Letters of Support Page 18 7. The Snowdonia Seeing Stars Initiative’s Anti Light Pollution Strategy Page 19 8. The Proposed IDSR Page 20 9. The Night Sky Quality Survey Page 24 10. The External Lighting Audit Page 28 11. Lighting Management Page 30 12. Communication and Collaboration Page 32 12.1. Media Coverage and Publicity 12.2. Education and Events 12.3. Local Government 13. Lighting Improvements Page 38 14. The Future Page 41 Dark Sky Reserves Snowdonia for status Gwarchodfa Awyr Dywyll Dark Sky Reserve 1.0 Executive Summary This document sets out Snowdonia National Park Authority’s application to the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) to designate Snowdonia National Park (SNP) as an International Dark Sky Reserve (IDSR). Snowdonia National Park Authority (SNPA) is committed to the protection and conservation of all aspects of the environment, including the night sky, and as such supports the mission and goals of the IDA. The Authority believes that achieving IDSR status for the SNP will further raise the profile of the Light Pollution issue in Wales following the successful application from the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority in 2013. It will assist SNPA in gaining support in protecting the excellent quality of dark skies which we already have in Snowdonia from the general public, business, and politicians, and to improve it further where needed.