Aerothermal Analysis of Re-Usable First Stage During Rocket Retro-Propulsion
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
GT 1020 Datasheet
HARDWARE • DATASHEET GT 1020 Cellular-based telematics for general asset management applications. Complete visibility of transportation and heavy equipment assets, industrial equipment and more. The compact and versatile GT 1020 is designed to fit a wide range of asset tracking 4G LTE cellular applications across various market segments, including transportation, supply communications chain, heavy equipment and maritime. As part of a comprehensive solution that can include cellular connectivity, sensors and a cloud application, the GT 1020 enables remote monitoring of fixed and mobile assets, and delivers actionable data Integrated antennas to ensure complete visibility of operations and enable informed business planning. Feature-rich Quick and easy installation Future proof your solution with global communications over the 4G LTE cellular network with 3G/2G fallback. The GT 1020 features optional Bluetooth support for wireless sensors plus an intelligent reporting system that optimizes power and Compact and rugged airtime usage by adjusting the frequency of location updates based on vehicle motion. An optional CAN Bus interface enables advanced vehicle reporting, analytics and diagnostics, while a backup battery enables reporting for up to 11 Optional CAN Bus support months (depending on reporting frequency) without external power. The device includes a digital input that can be used to report on status changes, such as tire pressure alarms or whether the vehicle is on or off. Feature-rich and versatile Quick and discrete installation Integrated cellular and GPS antennas and mounting options with VHB tape or Long-lasting screws make the GT 1020 quick and easy to install and remove. Its small size backup battery supports covert installations on smaller equipment and assets to deter theft and tampering. -
Different Types of Rocket Nozzles
Different Types of Rocket Nozzles 5322- Rocket Propulsion Project Report By Patel Harinkumar Rajendrabhai(1001150586) 1. Introduction 1.1 What is Nozzle and why they are used? A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or Pipe[9]. Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In nozzle velocity of fluid increases on the expense of its pressure energy. A Water Nozzle[9] Rotator Style Pivot Sprinkler[9] 1.2 What is Rocket Nozzle? A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate the hot gases from combustion so as to produce thrust according to Newton’s law of motion. Combustion gases are produced by burning the propellants in combustor, they exit the nozzle at very high Speed (hypersonic). 1.3 Properties of Rocket Nozzle Nozzle produces thrust. Exhaust gases from combustion are pushed into throat region of nozzle. Throat is smaller cross-sectional area than rest of engine, gases are compressed to high pressure. Nozzle gradually increases in cross-sectional area allowing gases to expand and push against walls creating thrust. Convert thermal energy of hot chamber gases into kinetic energy and direct that energy along nozzle axis.[1] Mathematically, ultimate purpose of nozzle is to expand gases as efficiently as possible so as to maximize exit velocity.[1] Rocket Engine[1] F m eVe Pe Pa Ae Neglecting Pressure losses F m eVe 2 Different types of Rocket Nozzle Configuration(shape) The rocket nozzles can have many shapes configurations. -
By Tamman Montanaro
4 Reusable First Stage Rockets y1 = 15.338 m m1 = 2.047 x 10 kg 5 y2 = 5.115 m m2 = 1.613 x 10 kg By Tamman Montanaro What is the moment of inertia? What is the force required from the cold gas thrusters if we assume constancy. Figure 1. Robbert Goddard’s design of the first ever rocket to fly in 1926. Source: George Edward Pendray. The moment of inertia of a solid disk: rper The Rocket Formula Now lets stack a bunch of these solid disk on each other: Length = l Divide by dt Figure 2: Flight path for the Falcon 9; After separation, the first stage orientates itself and prepares itself for landing. Source: SpaceX If we do the same for the hollow cylinder, we get a moment of inertia Launch of: Specific impulse for a rocket: How much mass is lost? What is the mass loss? What is the moment of inertia about the center of mass for these two objects? Divide by m Figure 3: Falcon 9 first stage after landing on drone barge. Source: SpaceX nd On December 22 2015, the Falcon 9 Orbcomm-2 What is the constant force required for its journey halfway (assuming first stage lands successfully. This is the first ever orbital- that the force required to flip it 90o is the equal and opposite to class rocket landing. From the video and flight logs, we Flip Maneuver stabilize the flip). can gather specifications about the first stage. ⃑ How much time does it take for the first stage to descend? We assume this is the time it takes � Flight Specifications for the first stage to reorientate itself. -
Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018)
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Summer 2018 Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth- Entry Vehicle Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds Part of the Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Commons, Space Vehicles Commons, and the Thermodynamics Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, Daniel A.. "Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/xhmz-ax21 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/43 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE by Daniel A. Boyd B.S. May 2008, Virginia Military Institute M.A. August 2015, Webster University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE AEROSPACE ENGINEERING OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2018 Approved by: __________________________ Robert L. Ash (Director) __________________________ Oktay Baysal (Member) __________________________ Jamshid A. Samareh (Member) __________________________ Shizhi Qian (Member) ABSTRACT AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Robert L. Ash Because of the severe quarantine constraints that must be imposed on any returned extraterrestrial samples, the Mars sample return Earth-entry vehicle must remain intact through sample recovery. -
Satellite Constellations - 2021 Industry Survey and Trends
[SSC21-XII-10] Satellite Constellations - 2021 Industry Survey and Trends Erik Kulu NewSpace Index, Nanosats Database, Kepler Communications [email protected] ABSTRACT Large satellite constellations are becoming reality. Starlink has launched over 1600 spacecraft in 2 years since the launch of the first batch, Planet has launched over 450, OneWeb more than 200, and counting. Every month new constellation projects are announced, some for novel applications. First part of the paper focuses on the industry survey of 251 commercial satellite constellations. Statistical overview of applications, form factors, statuses, manufacturers, founding years is presented including early stage and cancelled projects. Large number of commercial entities have launched at least one demonstrator satellite, but operational constellations have been much slower to follow. One reason could be that funding is commonly raised in stages and the sustainability of most business models remains to be proven. Second half of the paper examines constellations by selected applications and discusses trends in appli- cations, satellite masses, orbits and manufacturers over the past 5 years. Earliest applications challenged by NewSpace were AIS, Earth Observation, Internet of Things (IoT) and Broadband Internet. Recent years have seen diversification into majority of applications that have been planned or performed by governmental or military satellites, and beyond. INTRODUCTION but they are regarded to be fleets not constellations. There were much fewer Earth Observation com- NewSpace Index has tracked commercial satellite panies in 1990s and 2000s when compared to com- constellations since 2016. There are over 251 entries munications and unclear whether any large constel- as of May 2021, which likely makes it the largest lations were planned. -
FCC-20-54A1.Pdf
Federal Communications Commission FCC 20-54 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Mitigation of Orbital Debris in the New Space Age ) IB Docket No. 18-313 ) REPORT AND ORDER AND FURTHER NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING Adopted: April 23, 2020 Released: April 24, 2020 By the Commission: Chairman Pai and Commissioners O’Rielly, Carr, and Starks issuing separate statements; Commissioner Rosenworcel concurring and issuing a statement. Comment Date: (45 days after date of publication in the Federal Register). Reply Comment Date: (75 days after date of publication in the Federal Register). TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 3 III. DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................... 14 A. Regulatory Approach to Mitigation of Orbital Debris ................................................................... 15 1. FCC Statutory Authority Regarding Orbital Debris ................................................................ 15 2. Relationship with Other U.S. Government Activities ............................................................. 20 3. Economic Considerations ....................................................................................................... -
Ring Road: User Applications on a High Latency Network
User Applications on a High-Latency Network Scott Burleigh 24 January 2014 This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (c) 2014 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Outline • An infrastructure proposal: a constellation of nanosatellites using delay-tolerant networking to provide low-cost access • An illustration • Some details: capacity, costs • Application latency in this network • Some applications that would work despite the latency • A perspective on using a network • Caveats and outlook 24 January 2014 2 Satellites for Universal Network Access • Earth-orbiting satellites can relay radio communications among sites on Earth. • Can be visible from all points on Earth’s surface, removing geographic and political obstacles. • Not a new idea: – Geostationary (GEO): Exede (ViaSat), HughesNet (EchoStar), WildBlue, StarBand, Intelsat, Inmarsat, Thuraya – Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO): Globalstar, Iridium, Orbcomm, Teledesic 24 January 2014 3 So, Problem Solved? • Maintaining Internet connections with satellites isn’t easy. • GEO satellites do this by ensuring continuous radio contact with ground stations and customer equipment. But: – They are costly, on the order of $300 million (manufacture & launch). – Each one provides communication to a limited part of Earth’s surface. – Each one is a single point of failure. – While data rates are high, round-trip latencies are also high. • LEO constellations do this by constantly switching connections among moving satellites. – Broad coverage areas, low latencies. – But data rates are lower than for GEO, more satellites are needed, and they’re still expensive: $150-$200 million (manufacture and launch). -
Industry at the Edge of Space Other Springer-Praxis Books of Related Interest by Erik Seedhouse
IndustryIndustry atat thethe EdgeEdge ofof SpaceSpace ERIK SEEDHOUSE S u b o r b i t a l Industry at the Edge of Space Other Springer-Praxis books of related interest by Erik Seedhouse Tourists in Space: A Practical Guide 2008 ISBN: 978-0-387-74643-2 Lunar Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon 2008 ISBN: 978-0-387-09746-6 Martian Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on Mars 2009 ISBN: 978-0-387-98190-1 The New Space Race: China vs. the United States 2009 ISBN: 978-1-4419-0879-7 Prepare for Launch: The Astronaut Training Process 2010 ISBN: 978-1-4419-1349-4 Ocean Outpost: The Future of Humans Living Underwater 2010 ISBN: 978-1-4419-6356-7 Trailblazing Medicine: Sustaining Explorers During Interplanetary Missions 2011 ISBN: 978-1-4419-7828-8 Interplanetary Outpost: The Human and Technological Challenges of Exploring the Outer Planets 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4419-9747-0 Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of a Commercial Astronaut Corps 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4614-0519-1 Pulling G: Human Responses to High and Low Gravity 2013 ISBN: 978-1-4614-3029-2 SpaceX: Making Commercial Spacefl ight a Reality 2013 ISBN: 978-1-4614-5513-4 E r i k S e e d h o u s e Suborbital Industry at the Edge of Space Dr Erik Seedhouse, M.Med.Sc., Ph.D., FBIS Milton Ontario Canada SPRINGER-PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION ISBN 978-3-319-03484-3 ISBN 978-3-319-03485-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-03485-0 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013956603 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. -
Atlas Launch System Mission Planner's Guide, Atlas V Addendum
ATLAS Atlas Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide, Atlas V Addendum FOREWORD This Atlas V Addendum supplements the current version of the Atlas Launch System Mission Plan- ner’s Guide (AMPG) and presents the initial vehicle capabilities for the newly available Atlas V launch system. Atlas V’s multiple vehicle configurations and performance levels can provide the optimum match for a range of customer requirements at the lowest cost. The performance data are presented in sufficient detail for preliminary assessment of the Atlas V vehicle family for your missions. This guide, in combination with the AMPG, includes essential technical and programmatic data for preliminary mission planning and spacecraft design. Interface data are in sufficient detail to assess a first-order compatibility. This guide contains current information on Lockheed Martin’s plans for Atlas V launch services. It is subject to change as Atlas V development progresses, and will be revised peri- odically. Potential users of Atlas V launch service are encouraged to contact the offices listed below to obtain the latest technical and program status information for the Atlas V development. For technical and business development inquiries, contact: COMMERCIAL BUSINESS U.S. GOVERNMENT INQUIRIES BUSINESS INQUIRIES Telephone: (691) 645-6400 Telephone: (303) 977-5250 Fax: (619) 645-6500 Fax: (303) 971-2472 Postal Address: Postal Address: International Launch Services, Inc. Commercial Launch Services, Inc. P.O. Box 124670 P.O. Box 179 San Diego, CA 92112-4670 Denver, CO 80201 Street Address: Street Address: International Launch Services, Inc. Commercial Launch Services, Inc. 101 West Broadway P.O. Box 179 Suite 2000 MS DC1400 San Diego, CA 92101 12999 Deer Creek Canyon Road Littleton, CO 80127-5146 A current version of this document can be found, in electronic form, on the Internet at: http://www.ilslaunch.com ii ATLAS LAUNCH SYSTEM MISSION PLANNER’S GUIDE ATLAS V ADDENDUM (AVMPG) REVISIONS Revision Date Rev No. -
Orion Capsule Launch Abort System Analysis
Orion Capsule Launch Abort System Analysis Assignment 2 AE 4802 Spring 2016 – Digital Design and Manufacturing Georgia Institute of Technology Authors: Tyler Scogin Michel Lacerda Jordan Marshall Table of Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Mission Profile ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 8 2. Conceptual Design ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Design Process ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Vehicle Performance Characteristics ......................................................................................... 15 2.3 Vehicle/Sub-Component Sizing ................................................................................................. 15 3. Vehicle 3D Model in CATIA ................................................................................................................ 22 3.1 3D Modeling Roles and Responsibilities: .................................................................................. 22 3.2 Design Parameters and Relations:............................................................................................ -
Tactical Missile Structures and Materials Technology
WILLIAM C. CAYWOOD, ROBERT M. RIVELLO, and LOUIS B. WECKESSER TACTICAL MISSILE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Significant advances have occurred in missile structures and materials technology since the late 1940's. Some of the advances were the result of improvements in design concepts and material prop erties; others were from the development of new materials and fabrication techniques. Rapid strides in computer technology and methods of structural analysis have also played an important role. This article discusses the structural design requirements for the next generation of missiles and reviews the technological advances that will make it possible to meet those requirements. INTRODUCTION Antenna housing The Applied Physics Laboratory's experience in Cowl assembly tactical missile structural design began with the devel opment of the rocket-powered Terrier and the ramjet-powered Talos in the late 1940's. The air frames for those missiles were designed with conven tional aircraft materials, using slide rules, mechanical desk calculators, handbooks, and rule-of-thumb pro cedures. To ensure adequate safety margins, conser Innerbody fairing vative analytical procedures were pursued, followed Sheet magnesium Innerbody by extensive environmental testing. Simple aluminum forward cone Cast magnesium and steel structures operating at temperatures below Figure 1 - Magnesium components in Talos represented 300°F for Terrier and 600°F for Talos made up the 13 % of the weight of the primary load-carrying structure major portion of the missiles. Terrier was con and 10 % of the gross launch weight. structed primarily from machined castings. Talos, shown in Fig. 1 with its central air duct configura tion, used sheet metal construction. -
19700031865.Pdf
1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA TM X-2075 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date EFFECTOFRETROROCKETCANTANGLEON October 1970 6. Performing Organization Code GROUND EROSION - A SCALED VIKING STUDY 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Leonard V. Clark L-7376 IO. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 124-08-29-01 NASA Langley Research Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Hampton, Va. 23365 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical Memorandum National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20546 ~ 16. Abstract An experimental study was conducted at the Langley Research Center to evaluate the relative merits of canting the Viking lander retrorockets toward the spacecraft center line as a means of reducing rocket-exhaust disturbance of the surface of Mars. This paper describes the experimental study, outlines the scaling scheme of the tests, and briefly dis- cusses significant data trends. The results of this exploratory study indicate that canting of the retrorockets toward the center of the spacecraft does reduce ground erosion of the landing site from that produced by a lander configuration with downward-directed retro- rockets. Obviously, before canting the Viking lander retrorockets, it would be necessary to weigh this reduction in surface disturbance against the attendant loss of thrust due to canting. 17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s) ) 18. Distribution Statement Jet impingement Unclassified - Unlimited Rocket-exhaust effects 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No.