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Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) ^^p FIRST QUAT2TERLY PROGRESS REPORT 6

NASA-"2793C" v _GEOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

W^ ? ^^ INVESTIGATIONS IN USING LANDSAT IMAGES

Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Abdel-Hady Director, Remote Sensing Project Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo-Egypt. 1.Nubian Basin Survey: A large area of the Western Desert of Egypt, as designated on the enclosed map, has been, or is now being mapped using ERTS-1 W 10 satellite images. In doing that, the Nubian Sandstone s

N M rn which covers a large area of this Western Desert region is 1 —4,n ^^ cr delineated. All these studies ar;: supported by a thorough field verification, and in some areas by detailed field hydrological studies.

For areas (1), (2) and (3) reports were already published. Areas designated (4) and (5) are now being investigated and

.Q u a reports will be published within the next nine months.

^vw However, because of the significance of this study to other c countries in the North African and West Asian regions, a pro- posal for a transnational project has been developed for the i 1 c^ ^ v u •. management of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in North Africa, ` C r c. n :^. zr o^^ also for the Aquifer. The Remote Sensing Project in Egypt, as a liaison for the Egyptian Government a z u ^ .^C O Ua countries in these two L H 4-1 ..1 and through an agreement with 13 other r E ., iJ W regions, has formalized an agreement with the United Nations c -6-d N CV G G. Environment Program to prepare a feasibility study entitled: c E- y c^ w U, "Feasibility Study of a Proposed Transnational Project, z ^ Management of the Sandstone Aquifer in North Africa and

r— w ^- O The Arabian Peninsula". O c)E Fig LY, N O This study,which will be prepared by the Remote Sensing Project r rn z U U in Egypt, will form a part of the Plan of Action to Combat De- sertification to be presented by the Secretary General of the U.N. Conference on Desertification for consideration and adoption. oZ 7 `130

IG78 " kOe available ui tr NASA s mlortM In N. IAter(St cl °3rty and *I +19 Ja• ;. srin;nai:on ci Eotn Resources Survey * _ 2 Pr) rr3r1 .'.!•i'Tr^I .r. ..•) Nirhn+ll Id.^.t11t'y

The countries involved in this study from Africa are: Chad, Egypt, and

The countries involved in Asia are: Bahrain, Democractic Yemen Republic, Kuwait, hascat, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen Arab Republic.

It will be one of the main objectives of this feasibility study to define the , their geological characte- ristics and hydrological parameters, as well as their boundaries. Both the Nubian sandstone Aquifer and the Aquifer of the Arabian Peninsula are encountered in 12 coun- tries which cover a huge area of more than 9 million km2.

A major part of this feasibility study will be directed to- ward the applications of LANDSAT satellite images for the mapping of these major aquifers in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

This feasibility study will compliment the existing mapping efforts conducted by the Remote Sensing Project for the Nu-

bian Sandstone aquifer in Egypt and Sudan. It will also pro- f , vide a good background for further extension of this work, to use LANDSAT images for the mapping of the other areas of the Sandstone Aquifer in the other countries of North Africa and E the Arabian Peninsula aquifers.

Please refer to enclosed documents entitled: - Feasibility Study of a Proposed Transnational Project Mana- gement of the Sandstone Aquifer in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula Aquifer. Note by the Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Desertification. -

- Provisional Agenda . First Meeting of the Panel on Management of the Sandstone Aquifer in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula Aquifer. f 2. es.Ton _gl ei Canal Project: During the past several months, the following steps were 1 taken to implement this study: a) LANDSAT images were compiled at various seasons for this area, and for the Equatorial lakes area. The region has been divided into priority areas , with the first priority area, as designated on the enclosed map, has been select- } ed by mutual agreement between the Governments of Egypt and Sudan.

b)A detailed Study Plan was developed for the work to be con- ducted in this first priority area (copy enclosed). Plan of action has been approved by the Government of Egypt and is now being reviewed by the Government of Sudan for final approval to start the implementation of the study. Funds t for conducting the investigation and for supporting field work will be provided by the Joint 'Technical Commission on the Nile Waters. A final action has been promised by the commission before the end of May 1976.

c) In the meanwhile, the Principal Investigator Dr. Abdel-Hady and some other members of,the Remote Sensing Project staff- have made a field visit to the area in Sudan, also to dis- cuss with various Sudanese Government Agencies steps for the implementation of the project. Background documents r and publications on this region have been collected and are now being reviewed. Because of the large number of vo. lames and reports on the hydrology of the Upper Nile Basin published by the Ministry of Irrigation of Egypt, a special effort is now being made to digest all this material in

}} f 1 I - 4 - 3

preparation for the implementation of this project.

(Please refer to enclosed document entitled: Proposal. Planning for Conservation of Bahr El Jebel (Upper Nile) Flood Waters in Sudan and Egypt Using Remote Sensing).

3. Structural Lineation Map of Egypt: In mapping the areas as designated on the enclosed map, a structural lineation map is compiled for each area. After all the areas are finished, a general structural map for all of Egypt will be constructed. The results will be also analized for their significance and rela- tionship to the Mediterranean and Red Sea tectonics. Also their practical implications will be emphasized.

W# Already, and as a result of the structural mapping conduct- ed by the Remote Sensing Project for Sinai Peninsula, the Suez Canal Zone and the northern section of the Red Sea Area, using LANDSAT images, a new theory concerning the history and formation of the Nile Delta has been advanced. This new theory considers the Delta basin as an extension of the Red Sea Rift, modified by the Mediterranean tectonics. This theory is now being verified and is expected to have very significant practical and economic implications, es- pecially for the exploration for natural gas and petrolewn in the Nile Delta and the extreme north of the Sinai Penin- sula.

A separate report, with a press release is now being pre- pared concerning this new theory, supported by interpreted LANDSAT images, aircraft remote sensing data and other field verifications. - 5 -

3 4. Beach Studies Alone the Northern Shores of Egypt t Field studies and groundtruth data to support satellite image interpretations for this study was originally intended to be provided by the United Nations Development Program, as a part of a general UNDP study in this area. However, because of so- me severe limitations and cu,-backs on this project funding situation, starting has been delayed on this phase. It is still being considered, but will be delayed until funding sup- port for field work becomes available.

C. I. i

t_ Regional Prospecting for Iron Ores in Bahariya Oasis-El Faiyum area, Egypt, Using La.ndsat Satellite Images

(Part 1)

By Professor Dr. E.M. EI Shazly Professor Dr. M.A. AlAel Hady Dr. M.A. El Ghawaby { Dr. S.M. Khawasik a r

Investigatiom Conducted By:

Remote Serving Research Project Aeademy of Scientific Research and Technology

Cairo, Egypt 1 29 February 1976 t

?Wk IA, X1.1,2 4 G^

4141. l ABSTRACT

a

Based on deep theoretical and practical considerations of iron

deposition in the northern and central Western Desert of Egypt,

an area exceeding 100,000 km 2 is chosen for regional iron ore

' prospecting. This area has been called Bahariya Oasis - E1- - j F^'aiyum area and it extends from the west of Aahariya and Faraf

1 1

' ra oases eastwards to the Nile Valley. The mast modern techni-

ques of regional prospecting of iron deposition have been appli-

ed under the prevailing conditions in this area, especially the

interpretation of LANDSAT satellite images and quantitative st-

ructural analysis.

New discoveries of iron occurrences have been registered as a

result of the present prospecting work, and the conditions of

the already known iron ore deposits and occurrences are reyio-

nally connected and verified. Several localities are recommen-

ded for more detailed prospecting and exploration for iron ore

deposits, which are arranged arrordinq to their priorities.

^f i^

f ^^

i - s: }

Geologic Interpretation of Landsat Satellite Images for West Nilc Delta Area, Egypt

} Profemor Dr. E.M. El Shealy Profemsor Dr, M.A. Abdel-ilady

Deput yVi-rector of .He Atarnie l nergy Establishment. Projeswr of Civil Engineering, Oklahoma State University, and Director of the Geological Grout of the Remete Sens. U.S.A., and Director of the Remote Sensing Research ing Research Project, Cat: o, Egypt. Project, Cairo, Egypt.

Dr. M.A. El Ghawaby Dr, I.A. El Kaman Geologist S.M. Khawasik Gealogists, (ieoldgy anti Raw Ataterials Department, Atomic Energy Fctahlishment, and Researchers in the Remote Sensing Research Project, Cairo, Egypt.

Dr M.M. El Shszly Dr. S. Sanad i Assistant Research Professor, Desert Institute, Cairo, Egypt Researcher, Desert lnmirure, Cairo, Fgypt.

I

j

1 S Published by The Remote Seming Research Pro ji et, Academy of Selentific Research & Technology, IN Kasr El Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt June, 1975 s

ahttact 7hi, st►td) is based mainly on flu! interpretation of LANDSAT-t satellite images for an area consering about 85,000 Ant = including tht, ffvrst n f the• ,'File • Delta and the adjacent north Western Desert of Egypt. o t this study, nett geological, structural lineation and drainage rnap.s have brrn eonstrueted on scalds of t : 5oo,000 and t : t,000,000. Furthermore, the grourndu+ater hydrogeological clairaeteristics and potentials of the same area 1mve been compiled arul evalmoted ire the light of the near in vestigation to help proposed reclamation projects to be carried out there.

7 he investigated area is covered by extensive exposures of sedi- mentar)• rocks ranging from Late to llolexene, in addition to foreland basic nmlcanics of late Oligccene-F.arly Aliwene age. It has been possible to construct on the LANDSAT images thirt" four genlo- gind and environmental units in the investigated area. Of especial i;►iportenre from the scientific and applied points of view. is the clas- sifiration and mapping e,f the Aliocene into nine units; the Pliordwe into four units and the Quaternary into sixteen units. This ►cork helps to decipher the geological history of northern Fgvpt, the Alediter- i rnrncan Sea and the Nile Delta. A: the same time tlu ,se units represent treat contrasts in physical and chemical chararte risties in f luenring the ORIGINAL PAGE Ri e ui6 Ibi/ih-of .mils for land reclamation, and the movement and qualih ► OF POOR QUALUX i i Z El Shagly, NGdel Hooy, El Ghowaby, EI Kassas, Khowosek, EI Shazly and Sono)

i ej 1,ruumlttrNer and draitatge tc-utrr ore the seerfure uml in the• subm, face'. It is emphasized that addtttonal urtgrtNon waters should not be

-i int,e.ducrd in the urc'u of incrsNgaliurt utrtil detailed geological att•I lo-drugi dogi(al Stodics have twe •n tttrrie yl exit. A program of field verification fcx• infwrnaliun i,tte•rprewd Imm 1..'MJSA7' images tuts tweet corrclurted, caul cle •rrtictel tnimvabugicat urmly.+is has been pevforated wt samples cullectecd frurtt some • geolu- gic units &,%1ingui4wt1 wt the images. e •spe•ciall)• wt tit( , a e' tc rn Im,ri phr,ies of the Nil• A-11a. The pit-sett study has given the major structural 1111wlions, r.+- /nriu/I1' folds, faults and pronounced long fracturv,:. which cuntrihute•d to the development of major jmtures in the area im-puling the Nil, Delta, Wadi El Natrun, roil Slim Oases and cumlxtral,le d,l,re.+ iorr.

the morphology of the• ,1ledilerrunean coast, ... etc. Cmd'jul e trtroO,w

lturt of t/tr satellite images delirevued the maim ehaimrge tides '11141 their characteristic.+ in s%url all area i nhere the t(k/x)g,aplric (on0u.4 poor, The crew Harps pr,praed from 1.ANU.SAT sale llite iuc+tge.+ an• e::ore detailed and muc h more elakrate as compared to prrr •ioers map; prclIowd by the traditional methods. ^ k

t

Geology of Sinai Peninsula from ERTS-1 Satellite Images

E.M. El Shaziy M.A. Abde! Hady Deputy Director of Atonic Energy Establish- Prof. of Civil Fitgineering, OAlahonut State meat, and Director of the Geological Group of (hrircr.+ity, USA, and Director of the K-mote the Remote Sensing Research Project, Cairo, Stwini; Research Project, Cairo, Egypt. Egypt, t

M.A. KI Ghaw•aby, I.A. El Kussas

':eologist, Geology etnd Rills' Milterial.s Dept., Atomic Energy Istahii+!anent, and Researchers in the Remote Sensirtc Re vearch Project, Cairo, L;ei•pt.

M.M. El Shazly

Assistant Research Professor, De vert Institute, Cairo, h4ypt.

Pub:ish.cd by

The Remote Seiming Research Project, ty Academy of Scientific Researelt and Tedinology, 1411, Kas;r El Auti Street, i , Cairo, Egypt.

ORIGINAL; PAGE M ,IFS Pl()K QUALITY R

•r

itbstract

77t, conxtr;tctio ►t of pct, ticuloyi( •ul, Arur!u,ttl litrtu i ton tort! diumayt ►,laps from the F'RT9-1 stilt flit, ima q , N h , f.N l,t t it ,,rtritd wit for Sinai P('►tirisidu nit I SoM p(v (Ii l / / ol,lltNni ,cuit tt. hir•tlifrmorc, huo inicrprt tation mtips hur, 1, , n prf pared on the seinc scule fur thf pt troll lion, mint rul tin l rt,(rstruction material potrittial as tut 11 us thf tit oil it , /itwt r po l o mill of the Pcninsula. Thi st maps pro port,! R( in "t, tr;iti(1 Rcs(arch Pruject arc murt • ( lal,orah , Ito4 t im an 1 -slwivinfl i/t•talcr (it tai!s tt4 compll •t tl to tht pr( riou•c mtrl'.• madf un comparable .,cuffs tlt( lhf c htxs.cal h chimilt s.

Thf pi, :•( tit work has t;irf ,t tit, tit (,lt)t/ (tat ,tilt/, ; Ill, 4 pdol's, fti ,!t:r and li p , uni( ►lis ; and tilt llrwila "', ptltt, rlt „i "bmi Pt ni ►;suh(. Tht so flindativ ntuls tirr is ) .r, tl I„ lur,t ^sr,r/, upprt ciution of tht ,cttl(ru . 'oilro S u,t • / , llel,nitrn„1! of th( Pt Jnmda c• nd the tit pit r'al dioratioa of pi t.i, Os tj (!.; 41, lopm, tit ill ril '.tills i t( ids of ,tt.,truntlolt, , nftilt . t rlri (, urho/r m, minf r(os. u(tricidlu t , + tc. ' ► Geological and Groundwater Potential Studics of El Ismailiya Master Plait Studv Rrca

K.M. Ira ,hasty M.A. AWO Nady

Ucpup Director of the Atomic Fsagy Establish- Profe.ssar of Civil Engineeriow. Oklahoma State nu nt, midi Director of the Geological Group of the Unitersity, U.S.A., and Director if' the N.S.F. ect, Cairo. Egvt. Rem-^:. sensing Research Project, Cairo, ligypt. Remote Sensing Ri-Nearc'h Proj

M.M. E1 Shazly

Assistant Resear, it Prot., POt•rt Inthluh Cairo, l ,erpt

M.A. El Ghawaby tukd I.A. E1 Kahs" A.R.I. Saln►an and 11 .A. Momi

Geohrgr anti RaN, Materials Dept., Atontic Elferri Ge4;Gu'ist, Gcologv and Rats .\l,ctrrtals i;ept., Atornu :atablishment, and Resea rchers in the Remote biergv l.staGluhrnrnt,( two, Sensing Research Projc, •t. ('aim. Lgspt

Publis)u d by ite lu-nwto seming Itcse4treh Project, Academy 44 tic-k•ullfic lte^earch and Technology, 1111, Karr to-Aini "Artwt, Cairo, Apro, 1975. J

1 ^

:1 1) S t I. al 1't

iNew p4ogical, structural and drainagc rnaps have bccrt mad" and tudied from ERTS-1 satellite images for El Ismailiva 'II(Wer Ilan Stttdy area. The grounduxrter, hYdrogcologicul characteristics and powntiab of the sarne a rea have been corrtpihvl and owtuated to ser ge, the purpose of the reclama liort pi-I'trts to be carried out.