ISSN 1831-3280 Statistical books Panorama of Transport 2009 edition ISSN 1831-3280 Statistical books Panorama of Transport 2009 edition How to obtain EU publications Publications for sale: s via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu); s from your bookseller by quoting the title, publisher and/or ISBN number; s by contacting one of our sales agents directly. You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http://bookshop.europa.eu) or by sending a fax to +352 2929-42758. Free publications: s via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu); s at the European Commission’s representations or delegations. You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http://ec.europa.eu) or by sending a fax to +352 2929-42758. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009 ISBN 978-92-79-11119-8 ISSN 1831-3280 doi 10.2785/28475 Cat. No. KS-DA-09-001-EN-N Theme: Transport Collection: Statistical books © European Communities, 2009 © Cover photo: Phovoir EUROSTAT L-2920 Luxembourg — Tel. (352) 43 01-1 — website http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Eurostat is the Statistical Office of the European Communities. Its mission is to pro- vide the European Union with high-quality statistical information. For that purpose, it gathers and analyses figures from the national statistical offices across Europe and provides comparable and harmonised data for the European Union to use in the defi- nition, implementation and analysis of Community policies. 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Project Management: Yves Mahieu (Eurostat) Publication Management: Dominic Huggins and Jelle Bosch (SOGETI Luxembourg) Author: Dominic Huggins (SOGETI Luxembourg) Internal reviewers: Giuliano Amerini (Eurostat) Anna Bialas-Motyl (Eurostat) Josep Casanovas (DG Energy and Transport) Luis de la Fuente Layos (Eurostat) Julie Haas (Eurostat) Yves Mahieu (Eurostat) Andreas Nägele (DG Energy and Transport) Jonas Noreland (Eurostat) Simo Pasi (Eurostat) Nikolaos Roubanis (Eurostat) Petra Sneijers (Eurostat) Hans Strelow (Eurostat) Walter Sura (Eurostat) Special acknowledgements: Andreas Nägele (DG Energy and Transport) Jonas Noreland (Eurostat) Layout: Sandrine Engel, Raphaëlle Méot (SOGETI Luxembourg) For further information: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu Other comments and questions: Yves Mahieu, Eurostat – Transport Statistics Tel. (+352) 4301 37656 [email protected] Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Transport in the EU-27 1 Chapter 2 - Transport infrastructure 9 Chapter 3 - Means of transport 37 Chapter 4 - Traffic and transport quantities and performances 53 4.1 Goods transport 56 4.1.1 Introduction 56 4.1.2 Road 68 4.1.3 Rail 78 4.1.4 Inland waterway 86 4.1.5 Maritime 90 4.1.6 Air freight and mail transport 95 4.2 Passenger transport 100 4.2.1 Introduction 100 4.2.2 Passenger car transport 103 4.2.3 Bus and coach 104 4.2.4 Rail 105 4.2.5 Tram and metro 108 4.2.6 Maritime 109 4.2.7 Air 113 Chapter 5 - Enterprises, employment and economic performances 119 Chapter 6 - Transport safety 137 Chapter 7 - Energy consumption and the environment 151 7.1 Energy consumption 153 7.2 Emissions 167 Background information 181 Transport in the EU-27 Transport in the EU-27 1 Keeping Europe moving Effective transportation An integral part of the Treaties There were close to 491 million inhabitants in the EU-27 in Transport was seen as a crucial element in the establishment 2006. From the schoolchild to the old-age pensioner, most of the Common Market, whose rules, especially those will use transport to go to work or to school, to do shopping governing international transport, made possible the free and to travel in their leisure time. An average of 34 km were trade of goods and the free movement of persons. This is why travelled daily by EU-27 passengers in 2006, 26 km of which Transport forms an integral part of the Treaty establishing the by passenger car. In fact, in 2006, there was nearly one car for European Community (see box below). Elements such as two inhabitants (see Chapter 3). Ever-increasing mobility is Transport Safety and the Trans-European Transport Networks part of everyday life in the EU-27. (TEN-T) were, for example, added with the Treaty of Maastricht (1992). When it comes to filling up the shelves in shops, to transporting fuels, building materials and other inputs for The TEN-T play an important role in securing the free trade, industry and our homes, a tonne of goods travelled a movement of passengers and goods in the European Union. daily average distance of 23 kilometres for every EU-27 They form a key element of the Lisbon strategy for citizen, 11 km of these by Road. The mobility of persons is an competititveness and employment in Europe. Including major essential right of the citizen in the EU-27, and the mobility of infrastructural projects, the TEN-T aim to ensure a free flow goods is an essential component of the competitiveness of on major transport routes as well as the sustainability of European industry and services. transport (see Chapter 2). Effective transportation is essential for the European Union's Transport statistics have a central function in the prosperity and well-being. The goal of the EU's sustainable implementation of transport policy in the EU. The transport policy is to ensure that our transport systems meet liberalisation of international Goods transport has been a the citizen's economic, social and environmental needs, as major concern from the outset and this is reflected in a highlighted by the mid-term review of the 2001 White Paper, number of legal acts' extensively covering this aspect of 'Keep Europe moving' (see box, p. 4). Under the Seventh transport statistics. Legal acts governing international Research Framework Programme (FP7), for example, the Passenger transport statistics were recently added, in the case central objective of transport research is to develop safer, of Rail and Air, in 2003. ’greener‘ and ’smarter‘ pan-European transport systems that will benefit all citizens, respect the environment, and increase the comparative advantage of European industries in the global market. eurostat ■ 3 1 Transport in the EU-27 The momentum for EU transport starts in the Treaties [Extracts from the consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union] TITLE VI - TRANSPORT Article 90 - (ex Art. 70 TEC(1) ) The objectives of the Treaties shall, in matters governed by this Title, be pursued within the framework of a common transport policy. Article 91 - (ex Art. 71 TEC) 1. For the purpose of implementing Article 90, and taking into account the distinctive features of transport, the European Parliament and the Council shall, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, lay down: (a) common rules applicable to international transport to or from the territory of a Member State or passing across the territory of one or more Member States; (b) the conditions under which non-resident carriers may operate transport services within a Member State; (c) measures to improve transport safety; (d) any other appropriate provisions. (…) Article 100 - (ex Art. 80 TEC) 1. The provisions of this Title shall apply to transport by rail, road and inland waterway. 2. The European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, may lay down appropriate provisions for sea and air transport. They shall act after consulting the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. TITLE XVI - TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS Article 170 - (ex Art. 154 TEC) 1. To help achieve the objectives referred to in Articles 26 and 174 and to enable citizens of the Union, economic operators and regional and local communities to derive full benefit from the setting-up of an area without internal frontiers, the Union shall contribute to the establishment and development of trans-European networks in the areas of transport, telecommunications and energy infrastructures.