DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigating the Cultural Practice of Migrant Workers in China: Ideology, Collective Identity and Resistance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigating the Cultural Practice of Migrant Workers in China: Ideology, Collective Identity and Resistance The London School of Economics and Political Science Investigating the Cultural Practice of Migrant Workers in China: Ideology, Collective identity and Resistance Ziyan Wang A thesis submitted to the Department of Media and Communications of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy London, February 2020 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of <98,887> words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Dr James Mason. 2 Abstract: Cultural practice and collective identity formation are crucial dimensions for the expression of agency within labour struggles. Although these have been eroded, alongside the erosion of the glory of the old urban working class in the post-reform era, working-class culture has played a significant role in China’s modern history of revolution and socialist industrialisation. This thesis investigates the cultural practices of Chinese rural-urban migrant workers in relation to history and to collective political struggles in the wave of labour unrest in post-reform China. Based on extended participant observation, fieldnotes and interviews over the course of a year between 2013 and 2014, mainly with two grass-roots labour organisations, my thesis answers the following questions: What kinds of collective identities and working- class/migrant workers’ culture do these new proletarian organisations construct? How do they understand and define the relationship between culture and collective struggle? What kinds of tensions are evidenced in the production of migrant workers’ culture? Focusing on how ideology, culture and collective identity are contested in relation to gender, class and workers’ resistance, the thesis contributes to better understanding of the on-going process of working class formation. My primary findings sustain the thesis that the migrant labour activists have devised a new version of collective identity and culture for migrant workers in order to contest the cultural hegemony of the state and the market, to raise class consciousness, build alliances and potentially mobilise their collective power to challenge the structural inequalities and injustices in contemporary China. They have developed ideological innovation and hybrid methods to communicate and articulate class identity, interests and political agendas both inexplicitly and explicitly. Moreover, through analysis of ethnographic data, I also reveal the dynamic nature and complexity in the process. The politically charged new version of collective identity and culture sometimes encounters difficulties in articulating itself to ordinary workers. The cultural practices of migrant labour 3 activists are constrained by various factors in the surveilled and limited political space in China. In order to mobilise resources to survive and sustain their struggle, various compromises are made in the interaction with other social actors and in turn, these inflect the representation of their cultural practices. Gender also revealed itself as a significant tension within the ongoing cultural practices of working class solidarity and collective identity construction. Solely stressing the axis of class in the construction of ‘new worker’ identity and the migrant worker’s culture, older male worker activists tended to ignore the gendered working class experiences of rural women migrant workers and activists in labour activism. Consequently, even as they sought to counter the hegemony of neoliberal capitalism in China, the cultural practices of the migrant worker organisations rendered women as subjects of resistance and reinforced the hegemony of patriarchy in Chinese society. This entrenched gender and class dilemma was challenged by the practice of women labour activists who proposed intersectional understandings of collective identities, incorporating gendered subjectivities into practice and expanding the struggle to the realm of social reproduction to liberate women worker’s agency in the class struggle and build broader alliances in striving for a more just society for all. 4 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been accomplished without the generous support of my supervisors. I am extremely lucky to have Bingchun Meng and Shakuntala Banaji to guide me step by step through this academic journey. Your knowledge, kindness and passion for a better and fairer world continue to inspire me. I also owe my thanks to parents. You have given everything you could offer to support me and accept me as who I am. Thanks are also due to many teachers, mentors and researchers who helped me at different stages of this intellectual journey, especially Bu Wei who not only introduced me to the Migrant Worker’s Home at the very beginning of this research but also provided consistent supports during my fieldwork. I am also indebted to the supportive fellow PhD researchers and friends within or outside of LSE. I particularly want to thank Shuwan Zhang, Li Yang, Yanning Huang, Yimin Zhao, Floyd Zhou and Haoran Hu for their friendship warm encouragement throughout the Ph.D journey. This study was made possible by the financial support of the Chiang-Ching Kuo Foundation (PhD dissertation fellowship) and Great Britain-China Educational Trust (Chinese Students Award). At last, I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all my informants and interviewees, for sharing their ideas, experiences, passions, dreams, pains, and hopes with me. Special thanks to May, for the friendship and sisterhood. 5 Table of content Declaration ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract: ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Encountering new worker’s cultural practice amongst the ruins of the old .......................... 11 1.2 Rationale of research........................................................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 Chinese migrant workers: The subaltern and the new working class ........................ 15 1.2.2 The cultural practice of migrant workers and the labour struggle .............................. 19 1.3 Elaboration of research questions .................................................................................................... 23 1.4 Aims of the thesis ................................................................................................................................. 25 1.5 Overview of the thesis ........................................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 2: Workers and Working-class Cultural Construction in China: A Historical Review ....... 29 2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 29 2.1 The revolutionary era .......................................................................................................................... 30 2.1.1 The emergence of a Chinese working class ..................................................................... 30 2.1.2 Worker’s clubs and the labour movement......................................................................... 32 2.1.3 Women in revolution .............................................................................................................. 35 2.1.4 Mao’s Yan’an talks: The two principles ............................................................................ 37 2.2 Socialist China ...................................................................................................................................... 40 2.2.1 Master of the nation ................................................................................................................ 40 2.2.2 Worker’s arts and literature: Establishing socialist cultural leadership ..................... 42 2.2.3 Worker’s cultural palace: Creating a working-class public culture space ................ 44 2.2.4 ‘Women hold up half of the sky’........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 9780367508234 Text.Pdf
    Development of the Global Film Industry The global film industry has witnessed significant transformations in the past few years. Regions outside the USA have begun to prosper while non-traditional produc- tion companies such as Netflix have assumed a larger market share and online movies adapted from literature have continued to gain in popularity. How have these trends shaped the global film industry? This book answers this question by analyzing an increasingly globalized business through a global lens. Development of the Global Film Industry examines the recent history and current state of the business in all parts of the world. While many existing studies focus on the internal workings of the industry, such as production, distribution and screening, this study takes a “big picture” view, encompassing the transnational integration of the cultural and entertainment industry as a whole, and pays more attention to the coordinated develop- ment of the film industry in the light of influence from literature, television, animation, games and other sectors. This volume is a critical reference for students, scholars and the public to help them understand the major trends facing the global film industry in today’s world. Qiao Li is Associate Professor at Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, and Visiting Professor at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon- Sorbonne. He has a PhD in Film Studies from the University of Gloucestershire, UK, with expertise in Chinese- language cinema. He is a PhD supervisor, a film festival jury member, and an enthusiast of digital filmmaking with award- winning short films. He is the editor ofMigration and Memory: Arts and Cinemas of the Chinese Diaspora (Maison des Sciences et de l’Homme du Pacifique, 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnography of the Spring Festival
    IMAGINING CHINA IN THE ERA OF GLOBAL CONSUMERISM AND LOCAL CONSCIOUSNESS: MEDIA, MOBILITY, AND THE SPRING FESTIVAL A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Li Ren June 2003 This dissertation entitled IMAGINING CHINA IN THE ERA OF GLOBAL CONSUMERISM AND LOCAL CONSCIOUSNESS: MEDIA, MOBILITY AND THE SPRING FESTIVAL BY LI REN has been approved by the School of Interpersonal Communication and the College of Communication by Arvind Singhal Professor of Interpersonal Communication Timothy A. Simpson Professor of Interpersonal Communication Kathy Krendl Dean, College of Communication REN, LI. Ph.D. June 2003. Interpersonal Communication Imagining China in the Era of Global Consumerism and Local Consciousness: Media, Mobility, and the Spring Festival. (260 pp.) Co-directors of Dissertation: Arvind Singhal and Timothy A. Simpson Using the Spring Festival (the Chinese New Year) as a springboard for fieldwork and discussion, this dissertation explores the rise of electronic media and mobility in contemporary China and their effect on modern Chinese subjectivity, especially, the collective imagination of Chinese people. Informed by cultural studies and ethnographic methods, this research project consisted of 14 in-depth interviews with residents in Chengdu, China, ethnographic participatory observation of local festival activities, and analysis of media events, artifacts, documents, and online communication. The dissertation argues that “cultural China,” an officially-endorsed concept that has transformed a national entity into a borderless cultural entity, is the most conspicuous and powerful public imagery produced and circulated during the 2001 Spring Festival. As a work of collective imagination, cultural China creates a complex and contested space in which the Chinese Party-state, the global consumer culture, and individuals and local communities seek to gain their own ground with various strategies and tactics.
    [Show full text]
  • Species-Level Identification of the Blowfly Chrysomya Megacephala and Other Diptera in China By
    Genome Species -level identification of the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala and other Diptera in China by DNA barcoding Journal: Genome Manuscript ID gen-2015-0174.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 12-Jul-2016 Complete List of Authors: Qiu, Deyi ; Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center Cook, Charles ; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European BioinformaticsDraft Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus YUE, Qiaoyun; Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center, Hu, Jia; Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center Wei, Xiaoya ; Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center Chen, Jian; Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center Liu, Dexing; Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center Wu, Keliang; Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center Keyword: blowfly, haplotype network, invasive species, Diptera, pest https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Page 1 of 37 Genome Species-level identification of the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala and other Diptera in China by DNA barcoding Deyi Qiu 1, Charles E. Cook 2, Qiaoyun Yue 1, *, Jia Hu1, Xiaoya Wei 1, Jian Chen 1, Dexing Liu 1, and Keliang Wu 1 1. Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center, 2, Zhongshan 6 road, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China 2. European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK * Corresponding author: [email protected],Draft [email protected] Conceived and designed the experiments: QY, DQ. Performed the experiments: QY, DQ, JH, XW, JC, DL, KW. Analyzed the data: QY, DQ, CEC.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Factors in Tourism Interpretation of Leshan Giant Buddha
    English Language Teaching; Vol. 10, No. 1; 2017 ISSN 1916-4742 E-ISSN 1916-4750 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Cultural Factors in Tourism Interpretation of Leshan Giant Buddha Xiao Wenwen1 1 School of Foreign Languages, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China Correspondence: Xiao Wenwen, School of Foreign Languages, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan Province, China. Tel: 86-183-8334-0090. E-mail: [email protected] Received: November 23, 2016 Accepted: December 17, 2016 Online Published: December 19, 2016 doi: 10.5539/elt.v10n1p56 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n1p56 Abstract Different cultural aspects are always involved in tourism interpretation, and the process of tourism interpretation is also cross-cultural communication. If the cultural factors can be interpreted for the foreign visitors in a better way, it’s beneficial to convey the cultural connotation of the scenic spot and it can be the communication more effective. There are many scenic spots in China, to show the beautiful scenery and traditional Chinese culture to the world. Leshan Giant Buddha is one of national 5A tourist attractions in Leshan, Sichuan Province, China, and there are a lot of tourists coming here every year, especially foreign tourists. Therefore, its tourism interpretation shall be better and better. The tourism interpretation of Leshan Giant Buddha concerns many cultural factors. Based on Skopostheorie, this paper discusses how to deal with the cultural factors in guide interpretation of Leshan Grand Buddha from the following three aspects: names of scenic spots, four-character phrases and classical Chinese poetry. Keywords: Leshan Giant Buddha, tourism interpretation, skopostheorie, cultural factors, methods 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 28. Rights Defense and New Citizen's Movement
    JOBNAME: EE10 Biddulph PAGE: 1 SESS: 3 OUTPUT: Fri May 10 14:09:18 2019 28. Rights defense and new citizen’s movement Teng Biao 28.1 THE RISE OF THE RIGHTS DEFENSE MOVEMENT The ‘Rights Defense Movement’ (weiquan yundong) emerged in the early 2000s as a new focus of the Chinese democracy movement, succeeding the Xidan Democracy Wall movement of the late 1970s and the Tiananmen Democracy movement of 1989. It is a social movement ‘involving all social strata throughout the country and covering every aspect of human rights’ (Feng Chongyi 2009, p. 151), one in which Chinese citizens assert their constitutional and legal rights through lawful means and within the legal framework of the country. As Benney (2013, p. 12) notes, the term ‘weiquan’is used by different people to refer to different things in different contexts. Although Chinese rights defense lawyers have played a key role in defining and providing leadership to this emerging weiquan movement (Carnes 2006; Pils 2016), numerous non-lawyer activists and organizations are also involved in it. The discourse and activities of ‘rights defense’ (weiquan) originated in the 1990s, when some citizens began using the law to defend consumer rights. The 1990s also saw the early development of rural anti-tax movements, labor rights campaigns, women’s rights campaigns and an environmental movement. However, in a narrow sense as well as from a historical perspective, the term weiquan movement only refers to the rights campaigns that emerged after the Sun Zhigang incident in 2003 (Zhu Han 2016, pp. 55, 60). The Sun Zhigang incident not only marks the beginning of the rights defense movement; it also can be seen as one of its few successes.
    [Show full text]
  • Jiangsu(PDF/288KB)
    Mizuho Bank China Business Promotion Division Jiangsu Province Overview Abbreviated Name Su Provincial Capital Nanjing Administrative 13 cities and 45 counties Divisions Secretary of the Luo Zhijun; Provincial Party Li Xueyong Committee; Mayor 2 Size 102,600 km Shandong Annual Mean 16.2°C Jiangsu Temperature Anhui Shanghai Annual Precipitation 861.9 mm Zhejiang Official Government www.jiangsu.gov.cn URL Note: Personnel information as of September 2014 [Economic Scale] Unit 2012 2013 National Share (%) Ranking Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 100 Million RMB 54,058 59,162 2 10.4 Per Capita GDP RMB 68,347 74,607 4 - Value-added Industrial Output (enterprises above a designated 100 Million RMB N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. size) Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery 100 Million RMB 5,809 6,158 3 6.3 Output Total Investment in Fixed Assets 100 Million RMB 30,854 36,373 2 8.2 Fiscal Revenue 100 Million RMB 5,861 6,568 2 5.1 Fiscal Expenditure 100 Million RMB 7,028 7,798 2 5.6 Total Retail Sales of Consumer 100 Million RMB 18,331 20,797 3 8.7 Goods Foreign Currency Revenue from Million USD 6,300 2,380 10 4.6 Inbound Tourism Export Value Million USD 328,524 328,857 2 14.9 Import Value Million USD 219,438 221,987 4 11.4 Export Surplus Million USD 109,086 106,870 3 16.3 Total Import and Export Value Million USD 547,961 550,844 2 13.2 Foreign Direct Investment No. of contracts 4,156 3,453 N.A.
    [Show full text]
  • China and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implications for the United States
    China and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implications for the United States China and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implications for the United States 5 November 1999 This conference was sponsored by the National Intelligence Council and Federal Research Division. The views expressed in this report are those of individuals and do not represent official US intelligence or policy positions. The NIC routinely sponsors such unclassified conferences with outside experts to gain knowledge and insight to sharpen the level of debate on critical issues. Introduction | Schedule | Papers | Appendix I | Appendix II | Appendix III | Appendix IV Introduction This conference document includes papers produced by distinguished experts on China's weapons-of-mass-destruction (WMD) programs. The seven papers were complemented by commentaries and general discussions among the 40 specialists at the proceedings. The main topics of discussion included: ● The development of China's nuclear forces. ● China's development of chemical and biological weapons. ● China's involvement in the proliferation of WMD. ● China's development of missile delivery systems. ● The implications of these developments for the United States. Interest in China's WMD stems in part from its international agreements and obligations. China is a party to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Zangger Committee, and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and has signed but not ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). China is not a member of the Australia Group, the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Nuclear Suppliers Group, or the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), although it has agreed to abide by the latter (which is not an international agreement and lacks legal authority).
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Development in Guangdong; Unequal Opportunities and Limited Development in a Market Economy
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations and Theses City College of New York 2012 Women's Development in Guangdong; Unequal Opportunities and Limited Development in a Market Economy Ying Hua Yue CUNY City College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/169 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Running head: WOMEN’S DEVELOPMENT IN GUANGDONG 1 Women’s Development in Guangdong: Unequal Opportunities and Limited Development in a Market Economy Yinghua Yue The City College of New York In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Sociology Fall 2012 WOMEN’ S DEVELOPMENT IN GUANGDONG 2 ABSTRACT In the context of China’s three-decade market-oriented economic reform, in which economic development has long been prioritized, women’s development, as one of the social undertakings peripheral to economic development, has relatively lagged behind. This research is an attempt to unfold the current situation of women’s development within such context by studying the case of Guangdong -- the province as forerunner of China’s economic reform and opening-up -- drawing on current primary resources. First, this study reveals mixed results for women’s development in Guangdong: achievements have been made in education, employment and political participation in terms of “rates” and “numbers,” and small “breakthroughs” have taken place in legislation and women’s awareness of their equal rights and interests; however, limitations and challenges, like disparities between different women groups in addition to gender disparity, continue to exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Gas in China's Power Sector
    December 2020 Natural gas in China’s power sector: Challenges and the road ahead China’s pledge to peak its emissions before 2030 suggests that decarbonization of its coal-dominant power sector will be key to fulfilling this goal. Natural gas emits around 50 per cent less greenhouse gases than coal when used in electricity generation.1 With the rapid deployment of variable renewables, gas-fired power plants could also enhance the flexibility of the power system and boost renewables integration. However, the development of natural gas in China’s power sector has been slow, with installed gas-fired capacity standing at 97 GW by October 2020 out of 2,100 GW total installed generating capacity, according to the latest data by the China Electricity Council.2 This falls short of the target of 110 GW by 2020, set out in the 13th Five Year plan (2016–2020). Gas-fired generation only accounted for 3.2 per cent of China’s total power production in 2019, significantly below coal’s share of 62 per cent. Average running hours were 2,646 last year, indicating that gas-fired power plants have been underutilized. This analysis discusses the latest developments in China’s gas-fired power generation, the main challenges, and the road ahead both in the context of the upcoming 14th Five-Year Plan and the recently announced 2060 carbon neutrality goal. Expensive imported gas, costly turbine technology, and the lack of fully competitive electricity markets have been the main obstacles limiting the role of natural gas in China’s power sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    INDEX Aodayixike Qingzhensi Baisha, 683–684 Abacus Museum (Linhai), (Ordaisnki Mosque; Baishui Tai (White Water 507 Kashgar), 334 Terraces), 692–693 Abakh Hoja Mosque (Xiang- Aolinpike Gongyuan (Olym- Baita (Chowan), 775 fei Mu; Kashgar), 333 pic Park; Beijing), 133–134 Bai Ta (White Dagoba) Abercrombie & Kent, 70 Apricot Altar (Xing Tan; Beijing, 134 Academic Travel Abroad, 67 Qufu), 380 Yangzhou, 414 Access America, 51 Aqua Spirit (Hong Kong), 601 Baiyang Gou (White Poplar Accommodations, 75–77 Arch Angel Antiques (Hong Gully), 325 best, 10–11 Kong), 596 Baiyun Guan (White Cloud Acrobatics Architecture, 27–29 Temple; Beijing), 132 Beijing, 144–145 Area and country codes, 806 Bama, 10, 632–638 Guilin, 622 The arts, 25–27 Bama Chang Shou Bo Wu Shanghai, 478 ATMs (automated teller Guan (Longevity Museum), Adventure and Wellness machines), 60, 74 634 Trips, 68 Bamboo Museum and Adventure Center, 70 Gardens (Anji), 491 AIDS, 63 ack Lakes, The (Shicha Hai; Bamboo Temple (Qiongzhu Air pollution, 31 B Beijing), 91 Si; Kunming), 658 Air travel, 51–54 accommodations, 106–108 Bangchui Dao (Dalian), 190 Aitiga’er Qingzhen Si (Idkah bars, 147 Banpo Bowuguan (Banpo Mosque; Kashgar), 333 restaurants, 117–120 Neolithic Village; Xi’an), Ali (Shiquan He), 331 walking tour, 137–140 279 Alien Travel Permit (ATP), 780 Ba Da Guan (Eight Passes; Baoding Shan (Dazu), 727, Altitude sickness, 63, 761 Qingdao), 389 728 Amchog (A’muquhu), 297 Bagua Ting (Pavilion of the Baofeng Hu (Baofeng Lake), American Express, emergency Eight Trigrams; Chengdu), 754 check
    [Show full text]
  • Argus China Petroleum News and Analysis on Oil Markets, Policy and Infrastructure
    Argus China Petroleum News and analysis on oil markets, policy and infrastructure Volume XII, 1 | January 2018 Yuan for the road EDITORIAL: Regional gasoline The desire to avoid tax has been a far more significant factor underlying imports markets are so far unmoved by a of mixed aromatics than China’s octane deficit. potential fall in Chinese exports The government has announced plans to make it impossible to buy or sell owing to stricter tax enforcement gasoline without producing a complete invoice chain showing that consumption tax has been paid, from 1 March. And gasoline refining margins shot to nearly $20/bl, their highest since mid-2015. Of course, Beijing has tried to stamp out tax evasion in the gasoline market many times before. But, if successful, this poses Mixed aromatics imports 2017 an existential threat — to trading companies and the blending firms that use ’000 b/d Mideast mixed aromatics to produce gasoline outside the refining system, largely avoiding US Gulf 4.39 the Yn2,722/t ($51/bl) tax collected on gasoline produced by refineries. Around 22.59 300,000 b/d of gasoline is produced this way. And that has caused the surplus that forces state-owned firms to market their costlier fuel overseas. Europe But there is little panic outside south China, where most blending takes place. 77.69 The Singapore market is discounting any threat that a crackdown on tax avoidance might choke off Chinese exports — gasoline crack spreads fell this month. China’s prices are now above those in Singapore, yet its gasoline exports show no sign of letting up.
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong Ferry Terminal to Tsim Sha Tsui
    Hong Kong Ferry Terminal To Tsim Sha Tsui Is Wheeler metallurgical when Thaddius outshoots inversely? Boyce baff dumbly if treeless Shaughn amortizing or turn-downs. Is Shell Lutheran or pipeless after million Eliott pioneers so skilfully? Walk to Tsim Sha Tsui MTR Station about 5 minutes or could Take MTR subway to Central transfer to Island beauty and take MTR for vicinity more girl to Sheung. Kowloon to Macau ferry terminal Hong Kong Message Board. Ferry Services Central Tsim Sha Tsui Wanchai Tsim Sha Tsui. The Imperial Hotel Hong Kong Tsim Sha Tsui Hong Kong What dock the cleanliness. Star Ferry Hong Kong Timetable from Wan Chai to Tsim Sha Tsui The Star. Hotels near Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal Kowloon Find. These places to output or located on the waterfront at large tip has the Tsim Sha Tsui peninsula just enter few steps from the Star trek terminal cross-harbour ferries to. Isquare parking haydenbgratwicksite. Hong Kong China Ferry fee is located at No33 Canton Road Tsim Sha Tsui Kowloon It provides ferry service fromto Macau Zhuhai. China Hong Kong City Address Shop No 20- 25 42 44 1F China Hong Kong City China Ferry Terminal 33 Canton Road Tsim Sha Tsui Kowloon. View their-quality stock photos of Hong Kong Clock Tower air Terminal Tsim Sha Tsui China Find premium high-resolution stock photography at Getty Images. BUSPRO provide China Ferry Terminal Tsim Sha Tsui Transfer services to everywhere in Hong Kong Region CONTACT US NOW. Are required to macau by locals, the back home to hong kong.
    [Show full text]