Reconstruction Planning in Post-Conflict Zones Bosnia and Herzegovina and the International Community
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RECONSTRUCTION PLANNING IN POST-CONFLICT ZONES BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TIGRAN HASIC ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY “The authors argue that this region presents a unique setting for applying the principles of sustainability. This has not been given much coverage during debate on the Balkans, or sustainability in other regions”. (On Paper 1) Prof. Roderick Lawrence, University of Geneva “I very much appreciated your contribution about the reconstruction in former Yugoslavia”. (On Paper 1) Prof. Hugo Priemus, Delft University of Technology “I recognize in the paper clearly the need for an integrative approach in dealing with reconstruction…great paper”. (On Paper 2) Prof. Nabeel Hamdi, Oxford Brookes University “Your article is at its strongest when it explores the problems and possibilities facing returning refugees. I find the problem this poses very interesting. I think it will be a great thesis”. (On Paper 3) Prof. Emeritus John Rex, University of Warwick “The ideas are very compelling and I can see, from a quick glance, that we are on the same wavelength”. (On paper 3) Prof. Theodore Downing, University of Arizona “You have an exciting topic and your findings should be of great theoretical and practical utility for many parts of the world in addition to your own special interest. You are working on very important topics! Congratulations”. (On Paper 4) Prof. Samuel Barnes, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. “The article emphasizes the need for a complex, integrated approach to the problems of reconstruction and illustrates the SCOPE model which is a contribution in this difficult direction”. (On Paper 5) Prof. Paolo Somma, Venice International University “Yours is an interesting application of the idea of social capital to a very important (and tragic) case”. (On Paper 5) Prof. Robert D. Putnam, Harvard University Tigran Hasic is a research fellow and lecturer at the Department of Infrastructure, Division of Urban Studies at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. He has advanced degrees in Architecture, Urban Design and Planning, International Space Studies and Environmental Science, from USA, B&H, Croatia and Sweden. He has written several articles in the mentioned fields. He has also been involved in teaching in International educational programs such as Real Estate Management in Post-Conflict Settings and Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Infrastructure. He currently teaches on Project Management. Contact: KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Department of Infrastructure, Division of Urban Studies DKV 30, Plan1, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden Tel: +46 (0) 8 7908504 Fax: +46 (0) 8 7906761 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress and British Library Cataloging in Publication Data is available Includes 386 Bibliographical References Jacket Design: Tigran Hasic. Inside War Photo: Vukovar, Croatia. Front and Back Photos: Various Photographers (Reproduced by Permission) Jacket Author Photo: Pontus Johansson © Pontus Fotografstudio Reconstruction Planning in the Post- Conflict Zones Bosnia & Herzegovina and The International Community Tigran Hasic LIST OF PAPERS: (1) Hasic, T. and Roberts, W. A. 2001. New Possibilities for Sustainable Human Settlements in a War-Torn Zone in Lawrence, R. (editor) 2001. Sustaining Human Settlement: Economy, Environment, Equity and Health. Newcastle upon Tyne: Urban International Press. 376-407 ISBN: 1872811043 [Also published in an abridged version in: Hasic, T. and Roberts, W. A. 1999. “Opportunities for Sustaining Human Settlements in a Post-Conflict War Zone”. Open House International Journal, Vol 34, No.1, 54-64 ISSN: 0168-2601 (2) Hasic, T. 2002. Rebuilding Regional Structures: Visions of Sustainable Urban Communities in Post- Conflict Zones in Snickars, F., Persson, L.O. and Olerup, B. (editors) 2002. Reshaping Regional Planning - Northern Traditions and Futures. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 361-378 ISBN: 0754612589 (3) Hasic, T. 2004. “Ethnic Conflict and the Right to Return of Limbo Diasporas - Multifaceted Reflections on the Case of BiH”. Migration and Ethnic Themes (Migracijske i Etnicke Teme), 29-49 ISSN: 1333-2546 (4) Hasic, T. and Bhandari, S. 2004. “New Outlooks on Managing Post-War Disaster Regions: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo”. Submitted to the Coopeartion and Conflict Journal, Sage Publications Ltd. ISSN: 0010-8367 (5) Hasic, T. 2002. “Sustainable Reconstruction of Post-War Cities: The Case of Sarajevo”. Open House International Journal, Vol 27, No.4, 71-82 ISSN: 0168-2601 (6) Hasic, T. 2004. The Reconstruction Business: Economic Agendas and Regional Strategy in Post- conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina in Somma, P. (editor) 2004. At War With the City. Newcastle upon Tyne: Urban International Press, 216-239 ISBN: 1- 872811-06-X and (7) Hasic, T. 2004. “Economic Agendas, Strategy, and Proactive Planning in Post-Conflict Reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina”. Forthcoming in The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Vol.2 2005, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., Geneve, Switzerland. TRITA-INFRA 04-028 ISSN: 1651-0216 ISRN KTH/INFRA/--04/028--SE ISBN: 91-7323-092-8 Published in Sweden by The Royal Institute of Technology. Printed and Bound by Universitetsservice US AB, Stockholm. Reconstruction Planning in Post-Conflict Zones Bosnia and Herzegovina and the International Community Tigran Hasic Doctoral Dissertation Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden 2004 A dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy submitted to and to be presented with due permission of the Royal Institute of Technology for public examination and criticism in Kollegiesalen on the 19th of November 2004, at 09.30, Administration building, Royal Institute of Technology, Valhallavägen 79, Stockholm. Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av Kungliga Tekniska högskolan i Stockholm framlägges till offentlig granskning för avläggande av filosofi doktorsexamen fredagen den 19 november 2004 kl 09.30 i Kollegiesalen, Administrationsbyggnaden, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, Valhallavägen 79, Stockholm. Supervisor: Professor Göran Cars, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Co-Supervisor: Professor Folke Snickars, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Opponent: Professor Walter Leal Filho, University of Hamburg-Harburg. Scientific Committee: Professor Birgitta Holmdahl, Chalmers University of Technology Professor Mats Edström, Lund Institute of Technology Professor Emilia Conte, Polytechnic University of Bari Dr Semida Silveira, Swedish Energy Agency Associate Professor Rolf Johansson, Royal Institute of Technology The writing of this dissertation was supported by a doctoral fellowship grant from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) © Tigran Hasic 2004 First published in paperback 2004 Royal Institute of Technology Department of Infrastructure, Division of Urban Studies Drottning Kristinas Väg 30, S-100 44 Stockholm Design, layout and language editing: Tigran Hasic Additional language editing: Dr. Stephen Fournier, Brandeis University, Massachusetts. Figures, photos and tables by the author unless stated otherwise. Typeset in Monotype Garamond. All Headings in Verdana. Includes 386 bibliographical references (including all the papers). Keywords: 1. Reconstruction planning 2. Post-conflict zones 3. Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. International community 5. Complexity and systems thinking All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the author. The author hopes the information in this book will be shared with everyone. Therefore excerpts for the quotations of short passages for the purpose of criticism and reviews may be reproduced and shared without the permission of the author, so long as the information is freely given and the source is acknowledged. The views in this book are those of the author alone. This book is printed on acid-free paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. TRITA-INFRA 04-028 ISSN: 1651-0216 ISRN KTH/INFRA/--04/028--SE ISBN: 91-7323-092-8 Published in Sweden by The Royal Institute of Technology. Printed and Bound by Universitetsservice US AB, Stockholm. To my parents Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................ix Preface .............................................................................................................................................xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background Context and Research Issue................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Goal, Objective of the Study and Research Questions ............................................ 2-2 1.3 Relevance of the Study Within the Context of Regional Planning......................... 2-3 1.4 Strategies of Inquiry and Research Methodology...................................................... 3-4 1.5 Limitations and Delimitations of the Study ............................................................... 4-5 1.6 Organization of the Study: The ‘Red Thread’ of Six Papers .................................. 5-7 Chapter 2: Complexity of Reconstruction in War-Torn Zones 2.1 Introduction: The True Cost of Conflict.................................................................. 9-12 2.2 Conceptual