9780521769938 Index.Pdf

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76993-8 - The Renaissance of Empire in Early Modern Europe Thomas James Dandelet Index More information

INDEX

Abreu, Antonio de, 183 Bandinelli, Baccio, 177–178 Act of Supremacy, 1534, 251 Bandole, Anthoine de, 199 , 219–220 Ad Carolum V, ut bellum suscipiat in Turcas Banqueting House, Whitehall palace, 264–267 (Sep ú lveda), 116 Barbara of Brandenburg, 36 Adolphus, Gustavus, 226 Barbarossa, 105–106 Adrian VI (Adrean Dedel), Pope, 84–85, 116 Bardin, Antoine, 203 Africa (Petrarch), 1 , 19 Baron, Hans, 6 , 29 Alba, Duke of, 150 , 157–158 Baroncelli, Niccol ò , 32 Albanzani, Donato degli, 38 Baronio, Cesare, 172–173 , 254 Alberti, Leon Battista, 28 , 30–31 , 45 , 52 , 58 Barrientos, Baltasar Alamos de, 194–198 Alcala de Henares, 115 Barros, Joao de, 184 Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), Pope, 35 , Basilica of Sant’Andrea, Mantua, 45 59–61 , 164 , 202 Beauvoys, Estienne, 206 Alfonso I, King of Naples, 92 Bellarmine, Robert, 254 Ali Pasha, 154 Bembo, Pietro, 127 American Revolution, 281 Biondo, Flavio, 2 , 37–39 , 51 , 52 , 54–57 , 102 Amyot, Jaques, 12 Blois ordinance of 1579, 214–215 An Apology of the Church of England Bodin, Jean, 213–219 , 222 , 269 (Jewel), 255 Boleyn, Anne, 250 Annals (Tacitus), 55 , 192–193 , 196–197 Bologna, imperial coronation of Charles V, 92–98 Anne, Queen of England, 244–245 , 281 Book of Martyrs (Foxe), 256 Annotationes (Philander), 211 Borgia, Cesare, 60–61 Anthony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), 258 Bosc, Jacques de, 234 Antonelli, Bautista, 162 Bossuet, Jacques-B é nigne, 254 Aqua Virgo aqueduct, 52 Botero, Giovanni, 80 , 193–194 aqueduct restoration, 52 Bracciolini, Poggio, 28–30 , 31 , 51 Aquinas, Thomas Saint, 120 Bragadin, Marcantonio, 154 Aragona, Giulia d’, 48 Bramante, Donato, 61 Aragonese Mediterranean Braudel, Fernand, 9 Empire, 79–80 “A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Arawaks. Spanish domination of, 112 Indies” (Las Casas), 118 Aristotle, 116 , 119 Britain, as late renaissance empire, 248–251 The Art of War (Machiavelli), 86 , 103 Bucer, Martin, 251–255 Augustus, Emperor, 13 , 23 , 26 Charles II, 274–281 Mexia on, 143–144 colonies for imperial crown, 267–274 Philip II as, 145–156 Edward VI, 251–255 Autriche, Marie-Th é rè se d’, 229 Elizabeth I, 255–259 Aztec empire global expansion of, 283 Charles V and, 75 , 81 , 89 , 111–113 James I, 259–264 Sep ú lveda and, 121–122 Jones, Inigo, 264–267

299

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76993-8 - The Renaissance of Empire in Early Modern Europe Thomas James Dandelet Index More information

300 Index

Bronzino (Agnolo di Cosimo), 177–178 imperial image of, 125–131 Brunelleschi, Filippo, 32 imperial scholasticism, 115–125 Bruni, Leonardo, 6 , 18 , 31 Machiavelli and, 85–88 Bucer, Martin Marcus Aurelius as model for, 88–92 Edward VI and, 251–255 Palace of Charles V, Granada, 98–102 Jewel and, 255–256 Renaissance Rome as new imperial city Bussi, Giovanni Andrea, 57 and, 66–71 transitions, 1549–1558, 131–134 Cabral, Pedro Alvares, 183 Charles VIII, King of France, 200–203 Cabrera de Cordova, Luis, 194 , 196 Chastel, André , 209 Caesar, Gaius Julius, 8 . See also Commentaries Chronicles of Monstrelet (Bardin), 203 art of war and, 102–111 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 23 , 57 De Bosc on, 234 Clement VII (Giulio de’ Medici), Pope, 65 , 75 , Charles V comparison of, 87–88 87 , 104 Elizabeth I comparison of, 257–259 Bembo and, 127 Este, Leonelli d’ comparison of, 27–36 coronation of Charles V, 93 , 95 Gonzaga and, 36–50 imperial military strength and, 103 Henry IV and, 219–222 Sep ú lveda and, 116 Mexia on, 141–143 Clement VIII (Ippolito Aldobrandini), Pope, 34 Petrarch on, 18–26 Clouet, Jean, 205 renaissance Rome and, 53–63 Code of Henry III, 1587, 214–215 Rohan on, 224–226 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste Cano, Melchor, 123 French empire in age of Louis XIV, 228, Capitoline hill, 1–2 , 67 232 , 235 Caribbean islands, Spanish domination of, French empire in North America, 240–241 112–113 imperial arts, Louis XIV and, 236 , 237 Carlos II of Spain, 242, 245 Colet, John, 249 Carranza, Bartolem é de, 123 Col ó n, Diego, 117 Cartier, Jacques, 207 Colonna, Fabrizio, 85 Casas, Diego de las, 85 Colonna, Marc Antonio, 155 Castilian Empire, Charles V and, 80–82 Colonna, Stephano, 25–26 Cateau-Cambresis treaty, 1559, 150–151 Colonna family, 50 Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England, 250 Commentaries Cellini, Benvenuto, 129 , 177–178 , 179 , 208–209 Henry IV, 201 Cervantes, Miguel, 155 Louis XIII, King of France, 201 Cesariano, Cesare, 101 Louis XIV, King of France, 201 Chabot, Philippes, Admiral of France, 206 Commentaries (Caesar) Chac ó n, Alfonso, 174–175 Charles V and, 133–134 Charlemagne (Charles I the Great), King of the clemency, honor and justice, 106–107 Franks, Emperor of the West, 24 , 26 drive for territorial expansion, Borgia Charles I, King of England, 268–274 and, 60 Charles I, King of Spain, 3 English translations of, 259 Charles II, King of England, 274–281 Este, Leonello d’ and, 28 Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, 200, 242 French translations of, 201–202 , 205–207 , Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 19–20, 24 209 , 220 Charles IX, King of France, 214 Guicciardini and, 157 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 74–76 Mantegna, 38–39 age of plunder, conquests of Mexico and Maximilian I and, 78 Peru, 111–115 Petrarch on, 20, 23 , 28 Aragonese Mediterranean empire, 79–80 Philip II and, 182 Caesar and art of war, 102–111 Pius II, 37 Castilian empire, 80–82 printing press and, 57–58 coronation in Aachen, 93–94 Rohan on, 224–226 Francis I and, 206–208 war as dominant theme of, 103 Gonzagas and, 36 , 42–43 , 46–50 Commentaries on Memorable Things that Holy Roman Empire, 76–79 Happened in [Pius’s] Age (Pius II), 54 hybrid empire of, 82–85 Commentario delle cose de turchi (Giovio), 105 imperial coronation in Bologna, 92–98 Conquest of Tunis, 105–107

Index 301

Constantine I, (the Great), Emperor, 63 English imperial political ideology, 251–255 Bucer on, 253–255 El Escorial, 168–174 Elizabeth I as, 257–259 Elias, Norbert, 236 Mariana on, 166 Eliot, John, 273 Mexia on, 144–145 Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 250 , 255–259 Philip II as, 172–174 empires, Renaissance and, 4–14 Cordoba, Gonzalvo de, 122 encomienda system, conquered lands, 112–113 Coriolanus (Shakespeare), 258 England, war against, Philip II and, 187–190 Corneille, Pierre, 235 Erasmo da Nardi, 33 Corte Vecchia, Mantua, 59 Erasmus, Desiderius, 84–85 Cort é s, Hern án, 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 Este, Alfonso d’, 41 Council of the Indies, 118 Este, Borso d’, Marquis of Ferrara, 33 , 36 Council of Trent, 1548, 65 Este, Ercole I d’, Duke of Ferrara and Coustou, Nicholas, 239 Modena, 34–35 Covarrubias, Diego de, 123 Este, Ippolito d’, 211 Covarruvias, Antonio de, 194 Este, Isabella d’, Marchioness of Mantua, Crakanthorp, Richard, 262–263 41–42 , 271 Crispus, Sallustius, 196 Este, Leonello d’, Marquis of Ferrara, 27–36, 45 Cristoforo, Antonio di, 32 Este, Niccol ò III d’, Marquis of Ferrara, 32–33 Cromwell, Oliver, 274 Estrella, Crist ó bal Calvete de, 138 Cromwell, Thomas, 251 Evelyn, John, 275

Dante Alighieri, 24–25 Fabriano, Gentile da, 51 D’ Architettura (Serlio), 211 Farnese, Alessandro, Cardinal, 95 , 97 , 155 Dati, Vincenzo, 177–178 Les Fastes de Louis Le Grand (Du Londel), 244 De antiquitatibus Romani (Chac ó n), 174 Feliciano, Felice, 38 De equo animante (Alberti), 32 Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic, King of De Oratore (Cicero), 57 Sicily, Castile, Aragon and Naples, 61 , 78 De Politia Litteraria (Decembrio), 26–27 encomienda system, conquered lands, De Regno Christi (Bucer), 251–255 112–113 De viri illustribus, or On Famous Men papacy reliance of military, fi nancial aid, 66 (Petrarch), 18 war for control of kingdom, 204 “The Death of Caesar” (Voltaire), 284 Ferrara, ideas and arts of imperial Decembrio, Angelo, 26–27 , 28 Renaissance, 27–36 The Defence of Constantine and James I Ficino, Marsilio, 201 , 249 (Crakanthorp), 262–263 Fiorentino, Rosso, 209 Democrates Primero (Sep ú lveda), 116 , 117 Florence, imperial renaissance in, 177–181 Democrates Secundus, Concerning the Just Cause Fontainebleau, 208–210 of War (Sep ú lveda), 122 The Four Books of Architecture (Palladio), 264 Demoulins, Franç ois, 205–206 Foxe, John, 256 A Description of All the Low Countries France, renaissance of empire in, 199–200 (Guicciardini), 156–157 Bodin, imperial political science of, 213–219 Dias, Bartolomeu, 183 early images of French imperial monarch, Discourses (Machiavelli), 77 , 86 200–213 Divine Comedy (Dante), 24 French empire in North America, 240–242 Dolce, Ludovico, 86 global expansion of, 283 Donatello, 31 , 33 , 127 Henry IV, Caesar and, 219–222 Doria, Andrea, 106 , 146 imperial arts, Louis XIV and, 236–240 Dorislaus, Isaac, 273 imperial transitions, 242–246 Dragut, 151–152 Louis XIII, Richelieu, and Belliqueuse Du Cerceau, Jacques Androuet, 221 Nation , 222–223 Du Londel, J.E., 244 Louis XIV, in age of, 228–236 Durer, Albrecht, 78 The Perfect Captain , Bellicose Nation and, 223–228 Ecclesiastical History (Baronio), 172–173 War of the Spanish Succession, 212–246 Edmonds, Clement, 248 , 259–261 France, war against, Philip II, 187–190 Edward VI, King of England, 250 Francis I, King of France, 43, 66 , 83 , 204–213 Bucer, Martin and, 251–255 Francis II, King of France, 214

302 Index

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 26 Hobbes, Thomas, 274 Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, 36 , 53 Holbein, Hans, 270 French Wars of Religion, 200, 219 Holy Roman Empire, Charles V and, 76–79 Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel, 275 Gaguin, Robert, 201–202 humanism, imperial, 24 , 158–159 Gama, Vasco de, 183 emergence in Spain, Charles V and, 88–89 Gattamelata, 33 History of Spain (Mariana), 165–166 Gattinara, Mercurino, 86–87 Philip III and, 192 General History of Spain (Mariana), 165–166 scholasticism and, 115–117 George I, King of England, 281 , 282 George of Trebizond, 51 Imperial History (Mexia), 86 Gibbons, Grinling, 275–276 imperial humanism, 24 , 158–159 Giovio, Paolo, 95 , 104–108 emergence in Spain, Charles V and, 88–89 Glorious Revolution, 1688, 280 History of Spain (Mariana), 165–166 The Golden Book of Marcus Aurellius (Guevara), Philip III and, 192 68 , 88–92 scholasticism and, 115–117 Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, 112 imperial scholasticism, 115–125 Gonzaga, Federico II, Marquis, 36 , 42–43 , Inca empire 46–50 , 98 , 271 Charles V and, 75 , 81 , 111–113 Gonzaga, Francesco II, 38 , 41 forced Indian labor, 163–164 Gonzaga, Gianfrancesco, Marquis of Mantua, 36 Indians Gonzaga, Guglielmo, Duke of Mantua, 42 British colonization and, 269–270 Gonzaga, Hercules, 116 forced labor, 163–168 Gonzaga, Ludovico II, Marquis of Mantua, war against, in New World, 117–126 36–40 , 45 , 58 Isabella I, Queen of Castile, 75 , 112 Gonzaga family, imperial palace culture and, Isabella of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress, 36–50 , 271 99 , 182 Goujon, Jean, 213 Italia illustrata (Biondo), 54 Greco, El (Domenico Theotocopuli), 173 Italy, imperial renaissance in Guanajuato, 163 in age of Philip II, 174–177 Guarino Guarini (da Verona), 27–30 , 52 Aragonese Mediterranean empire, 79–80 Guevara, Antonio de, 68 , 88–92 Este, Leonello d’, 27–36 Guicciardini, Francesco, 74–76 , 86 , 87 , 97 , Florence, 177–181 193 , 273 Gonzaga family and, 36–50 Guicciardini, Lodovico, 156–157 Rome as new imperial city, 50–71

Habsburg Family Compact, 1551, 149 James VI and I, King of Scotland, King of Handel, George Frideric, 282 England, 259–264 Heermskerk, Martin, 126 building code for London, 264 Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, 259 colonies in North America, 267–269 Henry II, King of France, 149–150, 210 , imperial arts, 271–272 213–214 , 221 war, waging of, 272 Henry III, King of France, 214–215 , 219 Jewel, John, 255–256 Henry IV, King of France, 188–189 , 200 , 201 , Joanna of Castile, Queen of Castile and 219–222 Aragon, 75 Henry VIII, King of England, 204, 249–251 John of Austria, 154 Hercules (Michelangelo), 210 Johnson, Ben, 248 , 260 , 261 Herrera, Juan de, 170 Jolliet, Louis, 241 Herrerea y Tordesillas, Antonia, 153 , 159 , Jones, Inigo, 264–267 167 , 193 Juan, Honorato, 138 Historia Imperial y Cesarea (Mexia), 140–145 Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 258 Historia iutruisque belli datici a Traiano Caesare Julius Caesar opera (Handel), 282 gesti quae in columna euisdem Romae visun- Julius Cesars Commentaryes (Tiptoft), 259 tur, collecta (Chac ó n), 174–175 Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere), Pope, 43 , 59 , Historica Descriptio Urbis Romae (Chac ó n), 174 61–65 , 66 , 92 Histories (Tacitus), 196 Julius III (Giammaria Ciocchi del Monte), The History of Italy (Guicciardini), 74 Pope, 110 History of Spain (Ocampo), 126 , 165–166 Justinian, Emperor, 24 , 33

Index 303

King Philip’s War, 270 Mary II, Queen of England, 280 Knolles, Righard, 269 Mary of Burgundy, 75 Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 36 , La Salle, Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de, 241 75 , 78–79 Lamola, Giovanni, 27 Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, 228 Las Casas, Bartolom é de, 117–119 , 122–124 , 165 Mediations (Marcus Aurelius), 91 Le Batave, Godefroy, 205 Medici, Alessandro de, Duke of Florence, 177 Le Brun, Charles, 238 , 240 Medici, Catherine de’, 210–211 , 214 Le Vau, Louis, 238 , 239 Medici, Cosimo I de’, Duke of Florence, Grand Leo X (Giovanni de’ Medici), Pope, 43, Duke of Tuscany, 177–181 , 195 , 214 65–66 , 75 Medici, Ferdinand de, Archduke, 199–200 Leonardo da Vinci, 208 Medici, Lorenzo de’ (the Magnifi cent), 90 Leoni, Leone, 127–131 , 147–149 , 179 Medici, Maria de’, Queen of France, 200 Leoni, Pompeo, 174 Medici, Pietro de’, 181 Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 245 Mendoza, Luis Hurtado de, 100 Lescot, Pierre, 212 , 221 M é tezeau, Louis, 221 Leto, Giulio Pomponio, 57 Mexia, Pedro, 86 , 140–145 Lipsius, Justus, 192 , 193 , 195–196 Mexico, conquest of, 1520, 111–115 Lives of Illustrious Greeks and Romans Michelangelo Buonarroti, 2 , 63 (Plutarch), 12 bust of Brutus, 179 Lives of the Twelve Caesars (Suetonius), 20, Capitoline Hill, 67 55 , 57 El Escorial, 169 Lords of All the World (Pagden), 10 , 11 Hercules , 210 Lorena, Christina di, 200 St. Peter’s, 64 , 110 Louis XII, King of France, 35 , 203–204 mining, in Mexico and Peru, 163–164 Louis XIII, King of France Mirror of Princes (Guevara), 88–92 Commentaries and, 201 , 220 Momus sive de principe (Alberti), 30 Richelieu and Belliqueuse Nation , 222–223 Monarchie of Man (Eliot), 273 Louis XIV, King of France, 3 , 10 Morales, Ambrosio, 92 , 165 , 174 Commentaries and, 201 More, Thomas, 249 equestrian sculpture of, 242–244 Muley Hassan, 106 French empire in age of, 228–236 imperial arts and, 236–240 Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 34–35, imperial transitions and, 242–246 285–286 War of the Spanish Succession, 212–246 Native Americans Louise de Savoie, 204–205 British colonization and, 269–270 Louvre palace, 212–213 , 237 forced labor, 163–168 Luther, Martin, 83 war against, in New World, 117–126 Nebrija, Antonio, 115 Machiavelli, Niccol ò , 10 , 60 , 77 , 85–88 Nerli, Filippo de, 178 Machuca, Pedro, 100–101 Netherlands, Philip II and challenge of, Maff ei, Raff ael, 62 156–160 Male, Guillaume Van, 133–134 New Laws, Council of Indies, 118–119 Malta, 152–153 New World Mantegna, Andrea, 37–41 , 49 , 78 , 271 Charles V and conquests of, 111–115 Mantua, ideas and arts of imperial Indians, war against, 117–126 Renaissance, 36–50 Philip II and, 160–168 Manwood, Peter, 269 Nicholas V (Tommaso Parentucelli), Marasio, Giovanni, 28 Pope, 51–53 Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 26 , 33 North America equestrian statue of, 67 British colonization of, 267–274 as model for Charles V, 88–92 French empire in, 240–242 Margherita of Austria, 177 Maria of Portugal, 146 Observations Upon Caesar’s Commentaries Mariana, Juan de, 165–167 (Edmonds), 248 Marsilio of Padua, 25 Observations Upon the Five First Books of Martin, Jean, 211 Caesars Commentaries (Edmonds), 259–261 Martin V (Oddone Colonna), Pope, 50–51 Ocampo, Florian de, 92 , 126 , 165

304 Index

Octavian. See Augustus, Emperor Pio, Alberto, Prince of Carpi, 116 On Architecture (Vitruvius), 211 Pisanello (Antonio Pisano), 33–34 “On Monarchy” (Dante), 25 Pius II (Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini), Pope, On the Art of Building (Alberti), 45 37–38 , 53–54 , 58 , 102 On the Discourses of Machiavelli Pizarro, Francisco, 111 (Guicciardini), 74 political culture, 3–4 Orbay, Fran ç ois d’, 238 Political Discourses (Guicciardini), 74 Ottoman Turks Pomponazzi, Pietro, 116 Charles V and, 103–107 Pontormo, 177–178 Philip II and, 151–156 Portuguese empire global expansion of, 283 pagan imperial political models, 24 Philip II and conquest of, 181–187 Pagden, Anthony, 10–12 Potosi, 163 Palace of Charles V, Granada, 98–102 Prat, Thomas, 276 Palazzo del Corte, 34 Primaticcio, Francesco, 48 , 209–210 Palazzo della Cancelleria, 59 The Prince (Machiavelli), 60 , 86 Palazzo della Signoria, 179 printing press, 57–58 Palazzo Ducale in Mantova, 59 Palazzo Te, 43–44 , 46–50 , 100 Quir ó s, Pedro Fern á ndez de, 191 , 198 Palazzo Vecchio, 179–181 Palladio, Andrea, 169 Rambaldoni, Vittorino (da Feltre), 36 Pané gyrique du Roy sur le Suiet de la Paix de Rameau, Jean-Philippe, 284 Rome: ou la Magnanimit é de Louis XIV Raphael of Urbino, 63 est Compar ée à celle de Jules Cesar (De Reason of State (Botero), 193–194 Bosc), 234 Renaissance, empires and, 4–14 Paradiso (Dante), 24 Restraint of Appeals, 1533, 250 Les Paralleles de Cesar et de Henry III (Bandole), Riario, Raff aele, 58–59 199 , 219–220 Richard III (More), 249 The Parallels of Philip II and of Louis XIV (Mr. Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de, I.I.Q.), 244–245 222–223 , 226–228 Paul II (Pietro Barbo), Pope, 58 Rienzo, Cola di, 19 Paul III (Alessandro Farnese), Pope, 65 , 195 Robert, King of Naples, 19 Charles V, funding of crusades, 108–110 Roberval, Jean-Fran ç ois de la Roque de, 207 Church in New World, 164–165 Rohan, Henri de, 224–226 , 261 , 281 Constantinian imperial model, 66 Romano, Giulio, 43–44 , 47 , 50 , 180 Paul IV (Giovanni Pietro Caraff a), Pope, 67 , 149 Rome The Perfect Captain (Rohan), 224–226 ancient, 1–4 Perrault, Claude, 237–239 as new imperial city, 50–71 Peru, conquest of, 1533–35, 111–115 Rome Instaurata (Biondo), 54 Petrarch, Francesco, 1 , 18–26 , 203 , 285–286 Rome Triumphant (Biondo), 37–39 , 54 Philander, Guillaume, 211 Rubens, Peter Paul, 266 Philip II, King of Spain, 3 , 66 , 131–134 , 138–140 Rustici, Giovanni Francesco, 208–209 , 210–211 Dutch challenge, 156–160 El Escorial, 168–174 Sacchi, Bartolomeo dei, 57 England, war against, 187–190 Salutati, Coluccio, 29 Florence, imperial renaissance in, 177–181 Salviati, Francesco, 180 France, war against, 187–190 Sandoval, Francisco G ó mez de, Duke of imperial inheritance, 1545–1577, 145–156 Lerma, 190 New World, imperial consolidation and Sangallo, Antonio da, 109 exploitation, 160–168 Sant’Andrea church, Mantua, 45 Portuguese empire, conquest of, 181–187 scholasticism, imperial, 115–125 renaissance of empire in Italy and, 174–177 Scipione Africanus, 19 , 28 Philip III, King of Spain Scipione Mainenti, 28 equestrian monument of, 199–200 Sebastian I, King of Portugal, 182 Tacitus, arts of imperial maintenance and, Selim I, Sultan of Turkey, 151 190–198 Selim II, Sultan of Turkey, 154 Philip IV, King of Spain, 193 Seneca, 29 Philip V, King of Spain, 245 Sep ú lveda, Juan Gin é s de, 115–117 , 119–125 , 138

Index 305

Serlio, Sebastiano, 44 , 211–212 Toledo, Pedro de, 169 Seven Books of Architecture (Serlio), 44 Tracy, Alexandre de Prouville, Sieur de, 241 Sforza, Gian Galeazzo, 36 Trajan, 284 Shakespeare, William, 258–259 Treatise on Tyranny (Salutati), 29 Sigismondo IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 36 Treaty of the Pyrenees, 1659, 229 silver mining, in Mexico and Peru, 163–164 Trionfi (Petrarch), 203 The Six Books of the Republic (Bodin), Triumph of Maximilian (Maximilian), 78 215–219 , 222 The Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna), 37–40, Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovera), Pope, 57 , 58 78 , 271 Spanish Empire. See also Philip II, King Tunis, Conquest of, 105–107 of Spain Castilian empire, 80–82 Valla, Lorenzo, 51 global expansion of, 283 Vasari, Giorgio, 155 , 169 , 177–178 , 208 , 210 Marcus Aurelius as model for Vatican Library, 51 Charles V, 88–92 Verard, Antoine, 201 Roman imperial palace, Granada, 98–102 Vermigli, Peter Martyr, 255 St. Paul’s Cathedral, 278–280 Veroli, Giovanni Sulpizio da, 57 , 58 St. Peter’s basilica, 2 , 52 , 63–66 , 109–111 , Versailles, 238–240 278–280 The Victories of Charles V (Heermskerk), 126 St. Quentin, battle of, 150–151 Vitoria, Francisco della, 118 , 123 Stromata (Maff ei), 62 Vitruvius, 13–14, 211 Suarez, Francisco, 254 Britain revival of, 264–267 , 276 Suetonius, 20 , 55 , 57 French revival of, 212–213 , 237–239 Suleiman I the Magnifi cent, Sultan of Turkey, Italian revival of, 44 , 57–59 , 64 , 101 151–152 Spanish revival of, 169 Summa Theologica (Aquinas), 120 Vittorino de Feltre, 57 Voltaire, 284–285 Tacito Espa ñ ol (Barrientos), 194–198 Tacitus, Cornelius, 55 , 190–198 , 273–274 , War 277–278 Charles V, Caesar comparison, 102–111 Tempietto, 61 Charles V, Mexico and Peru, 111–115 Temple de la gloire (Voltaire), 284 Ferdinand II of Aragon and, 204 Ten Books of Architecture (Vitruvius), 13–14 , King Philip’s War, 270 57 , 237 Native Americans and, 117–126 Theodosius, Emperor, 33 Philip II, France and England, 187–190 Theogenius (Alberti), 30 Thirty Years War, 222 Thirty Years War, 222 War of the Spanish Succession, 246–247 Thomas Aquinas, St., 120 , 121 Webb, John, 265 Tibolo, Il, 177 West India Company, 240 Tiptoft, John, 259 Whitehall palace, Banqueting House, 264–267 Titian, 49 , 97–98 , 147 William III, King of England, 280 Titus Andronicus (Shakespeare), 258 Wren, Christopher, 275 , 276–278 Toledo, Don Garcia de, 152 Toledo, Elenora de, 178 Xilandro, 90 Toledo, Francisco de, 160 , 163 Toledo, Juan Bautista de, 169–170 Zacetacas, 163