Western Chimpanzee Action Plan
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EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)
EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Editors: Dr Jeroen Stevens Contact information: Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp – K. Astridplein 26 – B 2018 Antwerp, Belgium Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Great Ape TAG TAG Chair: Dr. María Teresa Abelló Poveda – Barcelona Zoo [email protected] Edition: First edition - 2020 1 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (February 2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA APE TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. -
Gorilla Beringei (Eastern Gorilla) 07/09/2016, 02:26
Gorilla beringei (Eastern Gorilla) 07/09/2016, 02:26 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia ChordataMammaliaPrimatesHominidae Scientific Gorilla beringei Name: Species Matschie, 1903 Authority: Infra- specific See Gorilla beringei ssp. beringei Taxa See Gorilla beringei ssp. graueri Assessed: Common Name(s): English –Eastern Gorilla French –Gorille de l'Est Spanish–Gorilla Oriental TaxonomicMittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B. and Wilson D.E. 2013. Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume Source(s): 3 Primates. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. This species appeared in the 1996 Red List as a subspecies of Gorilla gorilla. Since 2001, the Eastern Taxonomic Gorilla has been considered a separate species (Gorilla beringei) with two subspecies: Grauer’s Gorilla Notes: (Gorilla beringei graueri) and the Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) following Groves (2001). Assessment Information [top] Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered A4bcd ver 3.1 Year Published: 2016 Date Assessed: 2016-04-01 Assessor(s): Plumptre, A., Robbins, M. & Williamson, E.A. Reviewer(s): Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. Contributor(s): Butynski, T.M. & Gray, M. Justification: Eastern Gorillas (Gorilla beringei) live in the mountainous forests of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, northwest Rwanda and southwest Uganda. This region was the epicentre of Africa's "world war", to which Gorillas have also fallen victim. The Mountain Gorilla subspecies (Gorilla beringei beringei), has been listed as Critically Endangered since 1996. Although a drastic reduction of the Grauer’s Gorilla subspecies (Gorilla beringei graueri), has long been suspected, quantitative evidence of the decline has been lacking (Robbins and Williamson 2008). During the past 20 years, Grauer’s Gorillas have been severely affected by human activities, most notably poaching for bushmeat associated with artisanal mining camps and for commercial trade (Plumptre et al. -
Conflict and Cooperation in Wild Chimpanzees
ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR VOL. 35 Conflict and Cooperation in Wild Chimpanzees MARTIN N. MULLER* and JOHN C. MITANIt *DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BOSTON UNIVERSITY BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 02215, USA tDEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, 48109, USA 1. INTRODUCTION The twin themes of competition and cooperation have been the focus of many studies in animal behavior (Alcock, 2001; Dugatkin, 2004; Krebs and Davies, 1997). Competition receives prominent attention because it forms the basis for the unifying, organizing principle of biology. Darwin's (1859) theory of natural selection furnishes a powerful framework to understand the origin and maintenance of organic and behavioral diversity. Because the process of natural selection depends on reproductive competition, aggression, dominance, and competition for mates serve as important foci of ethological research. In contrast, cooperation in animals is less easily explained within a Darwinian framework. Why do animals cooperate and behave in ways that benefit others? Supplements to the theory of natural selection in the form of kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and mutualism provide mechanisms that transform the study of cooperative behavior in animals into a mode of inquiry compatible with our current understand- ing of the evolutionary process (Clutton-Brock, 2002; Hamilton, 1964; Trivers, 1971). If cooperation can be analyzed via natural selection operating on indivi- duals, a new way to conceptualize the process emerges. Instead of viewing cooperation as distinct from competition, it becomes productive to regard them together. Students of animal behavior have long recognized that an artificial dichotomy may exist insofar as animals frequently cooperate to compete with conspecifics. -
Bonobos (Pan Paniscus) Show an Attentional Bias Toward Conspecifics’ Emotions
Bonobos (Pan paniscus) show an attentional bias toward conspecifics’ emotions Mariska E. Kreta,1, Linda Jaasmab, Thomas Biondac, and Jasper G. Wijnend aInstitute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; bLeiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; cApenheul Primate Park, 7313 HK Apeldoorn, The Netherlands; and dPsychology Department, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands Edited by Susan T. Fiske, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved February 2, 2016 (received for review November 8, 2015) In social animals, the fast detection of group members’ emotional perspective, it is most adaptive to be able to quickly attend to rel- expressions promotes swift and adequate responses, which is cru- evant stimuli, whether those are threats in the environment or an cial for the maintenance of social bonds and ultimately for group affiliative signal from an individual who could provide support and survival. The dot-probe task is a well-established paradigm in psy- care (24, 25). chology, measuring emotional attention through reaction times. Most primates spend their lives in social groups. To prevent Humans tend to be biased toward emotional images, especially conflicts, they keep close track of others’ behaviors, emotions, and when the emotion is of a threatening nature. Bonobos have rich, social debts. For example, chimpanzees remember who groomed social emotional lives and are known for their soft and friendly char- whom for long periods of time (26). In the chimpanzee, but also in acter. In the present study, we investigated (i) whether bonobos, the rarely studied bonobo, grooming is a major social activity and similar to humans, have an attentional bias toward emotional scenes a means by which animals living in proximity may bond and re- ii compared with conspecifics showing a neutral expression, and ( ) inforce social structures. -
Ebola & Great Apes
Ebola & Great Apes Ebola is a major threat to the survival of African apes There are direct links between Ebola outbreaks in humans and the contact with infected bushmeat from gorillas and chimpanzees. In the latest outbreak in West Africa, Ebola claimed more than 11,000 lives, but the disease has also decimated great ape populations during previous outbreaks in Central Africa. What are the best strategies for approaching zoonotic diseases like Ebola to keep both humans and great apes safe? What is Ebola ? Ebola Virus Disease, formerly known as Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever, is a highly acute, severe, and lethal disease that can affect humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. It was discovered in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of Congo and is a Filovirus, a kind of RNA virus that is 50-100 times smaller than bacteria. • The initial symptoms of Ebola can include a sudden fever, intense weakness, muscle pain and a sore throat, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Subsequent stages include vomiting, diarrhoea and, in some cases, both internal and external bleeding. • Though it is believed to be carried in bat populations, the natural reservoir of Ebola is unknown. A reservoir is the long-term host of a disease, and these hosts often do not contract the disease or do not die from it. • The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals through the consumption and handling of wild meats, also known as bushmeat, and spreads in the human population via human-to-human transmission through contact with bodily fluids. • The average Ebola case fatality rate is around 50%, though case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90%. -
Chimpanzees ( Pan Troglodytes Verus ) and Ful Ɓe Pastoralists
Predicting conflict over scarce resources: Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) and Ful ɓe pastoralists by Brooke E. Massa Dr. Jennifer Swenson, Advisor May 2011 Masters project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment of Duke University 2011 MP Advisor's signature Cover photo: A pruned Khaya senegalensis tree stands, surrounded by its cut branches. Also known as African mahogany , the tree is prized not only for the fodder it provides, but also as a strong wood, often used to craft farming tools. Khaya senegalensis is considered a vulnerable species by the IUCN and is protected by several West African governments. 2 Abstract The western chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes verus ) is considered the most endangered subspecies of chimpanzee. The populations living at the furthest extent of its range, in southern Senegal – a country situated directly south of the Sahara Desert - are considered to be nearly extinct. These ‘savanna chimpanzees’ have adapted to living in an arid environment and are now facing more threats to their survival as climate change and deforestation have forced nomadic pastoralists further into their habitat in search of fodder and water. Combining field-collected data on both chimpanzee and pastoralist habitat use with GIS and remote sensing data, I spatially predicted areas of potential habitat conflict among chimpanzees and pastoralists. Using species distribution modeling, I found that large swaths of forested habitat in Bandafassi are predicted to be used by nomadic pastoralists. Their presence is expected in 86 percent of the land which is predicted to be used by chimpanzees. -
ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Dedicated to the Idea That People Can Live in Harmony with One Another and the Natural World
ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Dedicated to the idea that people can live in harmony with one another and the natural world. LEARN MORE arcus.link/mission 2_Letter from Jon Stryker 3_Letter from Jason McGill & Annette Lanjouw GREAT APES & GIBBONS SOCIAL JUSTICE 10_Logging Threats Continue in World’s Most Diverse 20_Activists Take Bold Steps to Bring Rights Home Great-Ape Habitat 22_Faith Leaders Call for “Golden Rule” of Mutual Respect 12_Drone Maps Offer New Hope for Sierra Leone Chimps 24_Immigrants, Trans Rights Groups Stand up to 14_Sumatra Conservationists Win Victory U.S. Backlash in Orangutan Habitat 26_2017 Social Justice Program Grantees 16_2017 Great Apes & Gibbons Program Grantees 30_Financials 32_Board & Staff B SOCIAL JUSTICE ARCUS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2017 1 Dear Friends Dear Friends The presentation of this report marks one of the most that is destroying the forest homes of great apes, gibbons, and We’re pleased to share our 2017 annual report. In a to subscribe to the impossible. Seeing the possible in the face reflective times of the year for me. I think back, look forward, so many other endangered species. The population of mountain difficult year, it’s important to take stock and acknowledge of daunting odds is what drives these engaged and committed and contemplate where we are right now. Like most architects, gorillas in Africa’s Virunga Massif has grown by a quarter since the challenges we’ve faced while remaining confident in the individuals and inspires us every day to support their work. when I walk into almost any built environment, I can hardly 2010 to about 1,000. -
Extensions of Remarks
April 26, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8535 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION First-class mail delivery performance was "The mail is not coming in here so we ELUDE POSTAL SERVICE at a five-year low last year, and complaints have to slow down," to avoid looking idle, about late mail rose last summer by 35 per said C. J. Roux, a postal clerk. "We don't cent, despite a sluggish 1 percent growth in want to work ourselves out of a job." HON. NEWT GINGRICH mall volume. The transfer infuriated some longtime OF GEORGIA Automation was to be the service's hope employees, who had thought that they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for a turnaround. But efforts to automate would be protected in desirable jobs because have been plagued by poor management and of their seniority. Thursday, April 26, 1990 planning, costly changes of direction, inter "They shuffled me away like an old piece Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, as we look at nal scandal and an inability to achieve the of furniture," said Alvin Coulon, a 27-year the Postal Service's proposals to raise rates paramount goal of moving the mall with veteran of the post office and one of those and cut services, I would encourage my col fewer people. transferred to the midnight shift in New Or With 822 new sorting machines like the leans. "No body knew nothing" about the leagues to read the attached article from the one in New Orleans installed across the Washington Post on the problems of innova change. "Nobody can do nothing about it," country in the last two years, the post of he said. -
Proposal for Inclusion of the Chimpanzee
CMS Distribution: General CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.1.1 25 May 2017 SPECIES Original: English 12th MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES Manila, Philippines, 23 - 28 October 2017 Agenda Item 25.1 PROPOSAL FOR THE INCLUSION OF THE CHIMPANZEE (Pan troglodytes) ON APPENDIX I AND II OF THE CONVENTION Summary: The Governments of Congo and the United Republic of Tanzania have jointly submitted the attached proposal* for the inclusion of the Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) on Appendix I and II of CMS. *The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CMS Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.1.1 PROPOSAL FOR THE INCLUSION OF CHIMPANZEE (Pan troglodytes) ON APPENDICES I AND II OF THE CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS A: PROPOSAL Inclusion of Pan troglodytes in Appendix I and II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. B: PROPONENTS: Congo and the United Republic of Tanzania C: SUPPORTING STATEMENT 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Mammalia 1.2 Order: Primates 1.3 Family: Hominidae 1.4 Genus, species or subspecies, including author and year: Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach 1775) (Wilson & Reeder 2005) [Note: Pan troglodytes is understood in the sense of Wilson and Reeder (2005), the current reference for terrestrial mammals used by CMS). -
Steering the Ark Toward Eden: Design for Animal Well-Being
awf03.qxd 9/10/2003 1:50 PM Page 977 48. Terio KS, Munson L. Gastritis in cheetahs and relatedness to 49. Wielebnowski NC, Fletchall N, Carlstead K, et al. Non- adrenal function. In: Pukazhenthi B, Wildt D, Mellen J, eds. Felid invasive assessment of adrenal activity associated with husbandry taxon advisory group action plan. Report. Columbia, SC: American and behavioral factors in the North American clouded leopard pop- Zoo and Aquarium Association 2000;36. ulation. Zoo Biol 2002;21:77–98. Steering the ark toward Eden: design for animal well-being Jon Charles Coe, MLA, FASLA hatever one thinks of capturing wild animals for Larger, lushly landscaped displays modeled on Wpets, zoos, aquariums, or research, one may also natural habitats emerged in the United States in the think of their descendants as refugees of our own 1970s. My recollection of the period was that the same species’ global war for dominion over nature. This sentiment, which favored nature as the model in dis- paper will review the development of zoo design as we play design, favored a more hands-off policy in hus- seek to improve the well-being of these zoologic bandry. Gone were chimpanzee tea parties. Gone also refugees. were mechanical mice as enrichment stimuli. Naturalistic displays were thought by some to be suffi- Stage 1—Physical Survival ciently stimulating that additional stimulation was During the era of barred cages, there were few unnecessary.3 While this approach worked well, it did long-term survivors. Advances in diet and veterinary not always prevent problems, such as loss of occupa- care brought in the era of green-tile enclosures and, for tion. -
Tax Return Filing Instructions Form 990-Pf
TAX RETURN FILING INSTRUCTIONS FORM 990-PF FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2018 PREPARED FOR: ARCUS FOUNDATION 44 WEST 28TH STREET, 17TH FLOOR NEW YORK, NY 10001 PREPARED BY: PKF O'CONNOR DAVIES, LLP 665 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK, NY 10022 AMOUNT DUE OR REFUND: AN OVERPAYMENT OF $19,970. THE ENTIRE OVERPAYMENT HAS BEEN APPLIED TO THE ESTIMATED TAX PAYMENTS. MAKE CHECK PAYABLE TO: NO AMOUNT IS DUE. MAIL TAX RETURN AND CHECK (IF APPLICABLE) TO: DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE CENTER OGDEN, UT 84201-0027 RETURN MUST BE MAILED ON OR BEFORE: NOVEMBER 15, 2019 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: THE RETURN SHOULD BE SIGNED AND DATED. THIS COPY OF THE RETURN IS PROVIDED FOR STATE FILING PURPOSES. PLEASE NOTE THAT THE FORM 990-PF RETURN CONTAINS EXCESS DISTRIBUTION CARRYOVER OF $48,815,549. THIS MAY BE APPLIED TO TAX YEAR 2019 AND SUBSEQUENT YEARS. Return of Private Foundation OMB No. 1545‐0052 Form 990‐PF or Section 4947(a)(1) Trust Treated as Private Foundation | Do not enter social security numbers on this form as it may be made public. Department of the Treasury 2018 Internal Revenue Service | Go to www.irs.gov/Form990PF for instructions and the latest information. Open to Public Inspection For calendar year 2018 or tax year beginning , and ending Name of foundation A Employer identification number ARCUS FOUNDATION 38‐3332791 Number and street (or P.O. box number if mail is not delivered to street address) Room/suite B Telephone number 44 WEST 28TH STREET, 17TH FLOOR 212‐488‐3000 City or town, state or province, country, and ZIP or foreign postal code C If exemption application is pending, check here ~| NEW YORK, NY 10001 G Check all that apply: Initial return Initial return of a former public charityD1. -
Arcus Foundation 2012 Annual Report the Arcus Foundation Is a Leading Global Foundation Advancing Pressing Social Justice and Conservation Issues
ConservationSocialJustice Arcus Foundation 2012 Annual Report The Arcus Foundation is a leading global foundation advancing pressing social justice and conservation issues. The creation of a more just and humane world, based on diversity, Arcus works to advance LGBT equality, as well as to conserve and protect the great apes. equality, and fundamental respect. L etter from Jon Stryker 02 L etter from Kevin Jennings 03 New York, U.S. Cambridge, U.K. Great Apes 04 44 West 28th Street, 17th Floor Wellington House, East Road New York, NY 10001 U.S. Cambridge CB1 1BH, U.K. Great Apes–Grantees 22 Phone +1.212.488.3000 Phone +44.1223.451050 Fax + 1. 212.488.3010 Fax +44.1223.451100 Strategy 24 [email protected] [email protected] F inancials / Board & Staff ART DIRECTION & DESIGN: © Emerson, Wajdowicz Studios / NYC / www.DesignEWS.com EDITORIAL TEAM: Editor, Sebastian Naidoo Writers, Barbara Kancelbaum & Susanne Morrell 25 THANK YOU TO OUR GRANTEES, PARTNERS, AND FRIENDS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE CONTENT OF THIS REPORT. © 2013 Arcus Foundation Front cover photo © Jurek Wajdowicz, Inside front cover photo © Isla Davidson Movements—whether social justice, animal conservation, or any other—take time and a sustained sense of urgency, In 2012 alone, we partnered with commitment, and fortitude. more than 110 courageous organizations hotos © Jurek Wajdowicz hotos © Jurek P working in over 40 countries around the globe. Dear Friends, Dear Friends, As I write this letter we are approaching the number 880, which represents a nearly 400 Looking back on some of the significant of the Congo. Continued habitat loss, spillover 50th anniversary of Dr.