Ho'omoe Wai Kahi Ke Kao'o

Ho‘omoe wai kahi kekao‘o. Let’s all travel together like water flowing in one direction. Hawaiian phrase from Mary Kawena Pukui’s ’Ōlelo No’eau Hawaiian Proverbs and Poetical Sayings (Bishop Museum Press, 1983). Front cover photo by Wayne Levin. Back cover photo by Greg McFall/NOAA. PERMITTED ACTIVITIES 2014 ANNUAL REPORT 52 PAPAHĀ NAUMOKUĀ KEA MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT Contents Birds Scientific Common Hawaiian Acrocephalus familiaris kingi Nihoa Millerbird ulūlu INTRODUCTION ............................................................................4 Anas laysanensis Laysan Duck Ua pa‘a nā inoa kahiko – Ancient Names Remembered .......................................................................... 6 Diomedia immutabilis Laysan albatross mōlī Timeline of Protections ........................................................................................................................... 8 Diomedia nigripes black-footed albatross ka‘upu MONUMENT PERMITTING PROGRAM ............................................. 10 Fregata minor palmerstoni great frigate bird ‘iwa Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 10 Oceanodroma tristram Tristram's storm petrel Presidential Proclamation 8031 ............................................................................................................ 10 Phaethon rubricauda red-tailed tropicbird koa‘e ‘ula Types of Permits Issued ........................................................................................................................ 14 Pterodroma hypoleuca Bonin petrel Research .....................................................................................................................................................14 Sula dactylatra masked booby ‘ā Education ...................................................................................................................................................14 Sula leucogaster brown booby ‘ā Conservation and Management ................................................................................................................14 Sula sula rubripes red-footed booby ‘ā Native Hawaiian Practices ........................................................................................................................14 Special Ocean Use ......................................................................................................................................15 Recreation ..................................................................................................................................................15 2014 PERMITTED ACIVITIES .......................................................... 16 Permits Issued in 2014 ..........................................................................................................................17 Invertebrates/Corals Levels of Human Presence ....................................................................................................................18 Scientific Common Hawaiian Locations of Permitted Activities ..........................................................................................................20 Cellana exarata limpets (black foot) ‘opihi makaiauli Permitted versus Actual Visitation Records ..........................................................................................21 Cellana sandwicensis limpets (yellow foot) ‘opihi ‘ālinalina Colobocentrotus atratus shingle urchin hā‘uke‘uke DETAILS OF 2014 PERMITTED ACIVITIES ........................................ 22 Siphonaria normalis false limpet Research ................................................................................... 22 Drupa ricina snail makaloa Research Highlights ......................................................................................................................25 Echinometra oblonga urchin ina Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations Littoria pintado snail pipipi kolea Help Characterize Fish Populations ................................................................................................... 25 Isognomon californicum bivalve nahawele Echinolittorina hawaiiensis snail pipipi Nerita picea snail pipipi Acanthaster planci crown of thorns Pocillopora meandrina caulifl ower coral Montipora capitata rice coral 2014 PERMITTED ACTIVITIES REPORT 51 Species Mentioned in the Permitted Activities 2014 Annual Report Mapping Expedition Charts Thirty Percent of Papahānaumokuākea’s Seafl oor .................................................................................................... 27 Scientists Conduct Fourteenth Year of Reef Assessment Marine Mammals/Reptiles and Monitoring in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands .................................................................. 29 Scientific Common Hawaiian Researchers Document Major Coral Bleaching Event in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands ................................................................... 31 Monachus schauinslandi Hawaiian monk seal ‘īlioholoikauaua Chelonia mydas Hawaiian green sea turtle honu Education .................................................................................. 33 Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill turtle ‘ea Conservation and Management ......................................................................34 Conservation and Management Highlights ...................................................................................36 Scientists use Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Survey Wildlife .......................................................... 36 Partners Remove 57 Tons of Marine Debris from Northwestern Hawaiian Islands .....................................................................................38 Fish Henderson Field Airport Provides a Safety Net ................................................................................. 40 Endangered Laysan Ducks Translocated Scientific Common Hawaiian from Midway Atoll to Kure Atoll .............................................................................................42 Carcharhinusgalapagensis Galapagos shark manō Native Hawaiian Practices ............................................................... 44 Caranx ignobilis giant trevally ulua Native Hawaiian Practices Highlights ..........................................................................................44 Sebastapistes fowleri dwarf scorpionfi sh nohu Co-managers Join Forces to Facilitate Sebastapistes coniorta speckled scorpionfi sh nohu Hulu Manu Collection for Cultural Practices ...........................................................................44 Chlorurus perspicillatus spectacled parrotfi sh uhu ‘ahu‘ula Kānehūnāmoku Voyaging Academy's Hālau Holomana .................................................................. 46 Evistias acutirostris striped boarfi sh Special Ocean Use ........................................................................ 48 Genicanthus personatus Masked Angelfi sh Special Ocean Use Revenue Reported ............................................................................................48 Holanthias fuscipinnis yellow anthias Recreation ................................................................................. 49 Suezichthys sp. wrasse Epibulus insidiator sling-jaw wrasse SPECIES MENTIONED IN THE PERMITTED Myripristis amaena brick soldierfi sh ‘ū‘ū ACTIVITIES 2014 ANNUAL REPORT ................................................ 50 Myripristis berndti bigscale soldierfi sh ‘ū‘ū Neoniphon aurolineatus yellowstripped squirrelfi sh ala‘ihi 50 PAPAHĀ NAUMOKUĀ KEA MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT RECREATION While recreation activities are permitted only in PMNM within Midway Atoll Special Management Area as per federal regulations for Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (50 CFR Part 404), no recreation permits were Below USFWS volunteer issued in 2014. Access for general visitation purposes was previously allowed albatross counters moving in grid at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge; however, due to reductions in refuge formation to accurately record staff and operational capacity, historical and eco-tour access is currently not locations of active Laysan and off ered. Th e U.S. Fish and Wildlife is considering visitation options in the future black-footed albatross nests at if operational support becomes available. Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. Photo by Dan Clark/ For more information, visit www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll/. USFWS 4 PAPAHĀ NAUMOKUĀ KEA MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT 2014 PERMITTED ACTIVITIES REPORT 49 Right Kālewa Correa captures 3D spatial imagery with the Google Street View Trekker and a hand-held GPS on East Island at French Frigate Shoals. Photo by Introduction Ty Benally/USFWS Presidential Proclamation 8031 (Proclamation), issued by President George W. Bush on June 15, 2006, set aside the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) as the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument ( “PMNM” SPECIAL OCEAN USE or “Monument”), creating one of the world’s largest marine protected areas, managed to protect ecological and cultural integrity. Th e Monument is administered jointly by three Co-Trustee agencies – the Department of Of the six Special Ocean Use (SOU) permit applications that were received and Commerce through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration processed in 2014, one was issued (see Table 11 below) and fi ve were withdrawn. (NOAA), the Department of Interior through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the State

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