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Long Term Planning and Modeling of Ring-Radial Urban Rail Transit Networks

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Long Term Planning and Modeling of Ring-Radial Urban Rail Transit Networks University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016 Long Term Planning and Modeling of Ring-Radial Urban Rail Transit Networks Saidi, Saeid Saidi, S. (2016). Long Term Planning and Modeling of Ring-Radial Urban Rail Transit Networks (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/26787 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/3036 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Long Term Planning and Modeling of Ring-Radial Urban Rail Transit Networks by Saeid Saidi A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CALGARY, ALBERTA MAY, 2016 © Saeid Saidi 2016 Abstract Extensive work exists on regular rail network planning; however, few studies exist on the planning and design of ring-radial rail transit systems. With more ring transit lines being planned and built in Asia, Europe and the America’s, a detailed study on ring transit lines is timely. This thesis is based on idealizing transit network in perfect ring-radial transit lines. An analytical model using the continuum approximation approach is first introduced to find the optimal number of radial lines considering a city with a radio-centric street network. An approximate analytical model for ring-radial rail network planning is then introduced allowing analysis of the feasibility and optimal alignment of a ring transit line in a city. The city of Calgary‘s light rail transit network and Shanghai metro network are used to illustrate the applicability and transferability of the model. The model is then extended to allow simultaneous consideration of radial and ring lines and analyzing a transit network with partial ring and radial lines. This extension allows a more realistic idealization and analysis of rail transit networks. A benchmark analysis of cities with ring transit lines is used to identify prominent types of lines in idealized ring-radial transit networks. The cities are then assessed based on their unique network patterns using identical model inputs such as length of rail transit network and trip distribution patterns. This thesis provides a decision support tool for transit planners to compare the performance of different rail transit network extension alternatives for long-term rail transit planning. It can also be used for cost- benefit analysis to compare total generalized passenger cost savings versus the cost of network extension. Unlike simulations and agent-based models, this model is shown to be easily transferable to many ring-radial transit networks. ii Therefore, with a daily OD trip matrix and transit network supply characteristics and parameters as input, the model can be implemented for many radio-centric cities. The benchmark analysis using the combined universal ring-radial rail transit network model is a mathematically sound platform to compare different rail transit networks and propose the best examples of rail network topologies. iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Chan Wirasinghe, for his continuously insightful leadership and dedication in supervising and mentoring his students. His insightful comments and guidance in my research, and his well thought out way of training me on how to perform my research were the key for completion of this Ph.D. thesis. One of the lessons I learned from him was to “always remember what is the question” before jumping into finding solutions or solving problems. I am proud to work under his supervision. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to my co-supervisor, Dr. Lina Kattan for her constant support, patience, dedication, and encouragement throughout my entire graduate studies at the University of Calgary for both Masters and Ph.D. degrees. I am very fortunate and honored to have Dr. Kattan as my advisor. I am very grateful to the members of my Ph.D. defense committee, Drs. Nigel Waters, Paul Schonfeld, Alex de Barros and Janaka Ruwanpura for their valuable advice and helpful suggestions. Many thanks go to Drs. John D. Hunt, and Andrew Hunter for serving in my candidacy exam committee. I would also like to thank my advisors at Tongji University Drs. Yuchuan Du and Yuxiong Ji for their support during my three months study abroad in China. I had the opportunity to work and collaborate with many of my friends and colleagues at University of Calgary and Tongji University. I would like to thank Shahab Nejad for his support and help with my Ph.D. dissertation. I would also like to thank Dr. Patrick Miller, Matuir Rahman, Mohammad Ansari, Willem Klumpenhouwer, Mostafa iv Salari, Cheng Cheng, Shengchuan Jiang, and Jinping Guan for our research collaborations and numerous interesting discussions. I would also like to thank Spatial and Numeric Data Services at the University of Calgary and especially Mr. Peter Peller for his kind and patient guidance with my never ending questions with ArcGIS software. My research would not have been practical without valuable data provided by the City of Calgary and Calgary Transit to test and validate my model and use the City of Calgary as the case study of this dissertation. I would like to acknowledge Mr. Chris Jordan for his support and very practical comments on this research. I would also like to thank Mr. Doug Morgan, Director of Calgary Transit, for providing support and funding for graduate students through the PUTRUM Program to conduct cutting-edge research on Public Transport and making Calgary a more sustainable and transit friendly city. I would also like to acknowledge the support from the management and colleagues at HDR Consulting, especially Mr. John Hubble for his encouragement and providing the flexibility on my work schedule to continue my research while working at HDR. Thanks to all current and former staff of the Department of Civil Engineering especially Kate McGillis, Julie Nagy Kovacs, and Catherine Barrett who were always ready to help with a smile on their faces. I am very grateful for the support I got from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Alexander Graham Bell Canada Scholarship (NSERC CGS) and Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement. It was an honor to also receive support from the prestigious Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship from the Killam family. I would also like to thank the family of Robert B. Paugh for the University of Calgary Ruby Doctoral Scholarship. Many thanks to Alberta Motor v Association for providing an excellent research location, the Active Traffic and Demand Management Laboratory. Without all this generous support, this work would not have been possible. I owe who I am and anything I have achieved to my parents, Dr. Mohammad Reza Saidi and Sedigheh Moini. They are my mentors, my role models, and my inspiration; and I will be in debt to them forever. I would also like to thank my brother and sister in law, Majid and Sara. I will never forget their support, kindness, and hospitality from the time I came to Calgary for my graduate studies. I will not forget all the help and advice I received from my two brothers Hamid and Majid since childhood until this very moment! vi Dedications Dedicated to my parents, Mohammad Reza Saidi and Sedigheh Moini vii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv Dedications ....................................................................................................................... vii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. viii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Figures and Illustrations ......................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................1 1.1 Background ..............................................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives of Study ..................................................................................................6 1.3 Proposed Methodology and Research Contributions ...............................................7 1.4 Organization of Thesis .............................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2: RAIL TRANSIT – AN EXPLORATION ...............................................12 2.1 Rail Transit Network Planning Literature..............................................................12 2.2 Transit Network Assessment .................................................................................16 2.3 Rail Transit Networks Review ...............................................................................19
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