Site Selection

• Full sun • Well-drained soil Growing in the Home Garden • Good air drainage

Peter Nitzsche Morris County Agricultural Agent

Types of grapes Types of grapes

• European types • American types – vinifera – vitis labrusca – table & grapes • Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay • Concord, , – grafted onto resistant – own rootstock – long season not very hardy – – good for wine • Muscadine type grapes • Grown in the South

U. of Kentucky

Grape Types (cont.) Grape Establishment

• French x American Hybrids • Graft union 6” above soil – vitis labrusca X vinifera surface • Seyval, , Chambourcin • Mulch to control weeds but – more hardy than vinifera keep 6” from trunk to avoid rodent damage – good • remove flowers 1 and 2nd year

1 Grape Fertilization Grape Spacing

• Soil test • 6-10’ between rows • year 1 • 6-8’ between – 1/3 lb 10-10-10 per vine after growth begins in May • year 2 on – 1/2-3/4 lb 10-10-10 per vine depending on growth

The Grape Vine Grape Training and Pruning

• Decrease fruit load to increase fruit size and quality • To open canopy to decrease disease

Grape Pruning grapevine unpruned grapevine unpruned grapevine pruned grapevine pruned

2 Modified Keuka Training System Training a grapevine

Four arm Kniffen system

Steps to Pruning Grapevines Steps to Pruning Grapevines (cont.)

1) Select proper training system based on growth habit 5) Select canes or spurs to maintain - Spread evenly and vigor. 6) Determine # buds/spur based on # of spurs/canes. 2) Remove dead wood, suckers, mummies, and “bull” canes - > 7) Remove all remaining wood 3/4” in diameter 8) Cut canes and spurs to length 3) Evaluate balance of vine. Determine # of buds to maintain. 4) Select trunks and arms to maintain

Grape Black Rot Grape Black Rot

3 Grape Black Rot Control Grape Phylloxera Control

• sanitation • Insect pest that originated in • eliminate “mummies” during U.S. almost wiped out French winter wine industry in 1800s • pick off leaves with lesions • resistant & • proper pruning & training • vinifera varieties must have • maintain open canopy rootstocks • resistant varieties • Bordeaux mix – copper sulphate & hydrated lime • Captan U. of Kentucky

Grape Downy Mildew Grape Downy Mildew Control

• sanitation • eliminate diseased leaves in fall • proper pruning & training • maintain open canopy • resistant varieties • Bordeaux mix – copper sulphate & hydrated lime • Captan

Japanese Beetle Control Grape Crown Gall Control

• Hand-pick • certified material • Shake onto drop cloth • prune out infected trunks – early morning – above graft union • Sevin • multiple trunks – Be careful with honey bees • Bag traps – in neighbors yard only!

4 More Information

• FS 100 Grape Growing in the Home Garden: Pest Control

• Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern http://www.nraes.org/

• Wine Grape Varieties for Pa http://agsci.psu.edu/fphg/tables/Table6-3.pdf

• Table Grape Varieties for Cool Climates http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hort/faculty/reisch/bulletin/table/in dex.html

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