Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(11): 30-34

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 11 (2015) pp. 30-34 http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of caesia

Prasanthi Donipati* and S. Hara Sreeramulu

Dept. of Biotechnology, Dr.V.S.Krishna Govt. College, Visakhapatnam, A.P., India-530 013 *Corresponding author

A B S T R A C T

K e y w o r d s Curcuma caesia is commonly known as kali haldi and it belongs to the family . This herb is available throughout north-east, central India, Papi Curcuma Hills of East Godavari, West Godavari and Andhra Pradesh. In the traditional caesia, system of medicine, fresh and dried of Curcuma caesia Roxb are used in Phenols, treating leucoderma, asthma, tumours, piles, bronchitis, bruises, etc. The aim of this Phytosterols, study was to evaluate phytochemical constituent of Curcuma caesia Roxb. In our , studies it was investigated that alkaloids, phenols, phytosterols, terpenoids, Tannins, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, saponins, quinones, amino acids, oils and Glycosides, flavonoids are present in Curcuma caesia. This article brings to light the major Flavonoids active components present in Curcuma caesia that may be important from the pharmacological point of view.

Introduction

Curcuma Linn. is a large genus belonging to wound, vomiting, menstrual disorder, the family Zingiberaceae. It comprises about anthelmentic, aphrodisiac, inflammation, 70 species of rhizomatous herbs distributed gonorrhoeal discharges, etc (Sasikumar, mostly in Southeast Asia as wild and 2005). cultivated (Sastri, 1950). Kali haldi (Curcuma caesia) is a perennial herb with In Madhya Pradesh, the is regarded as bluish-black rhizomenative to Northeast and very auspicious and is stated that a person Central India. Black is also who possess it will never experience sparsely found in Papi Hills of East shortage of cereals and food. The rhizomes Godavari, West Godavari, and Khammam of the plant are aromatic in nature. The inner Districts of Andhra Pradesh. The rhizomes part of the is bluish-black in colour of kali haldi have a high economical and emits a characteristic sweet smell, due importance because of its putative medicinal to presence of essential oil (Pandey and properties. The rhizomes are used in the Chowdhary, 2003). Traditionally, the treatment of smooth muscle relaxant activity rhizomes of Curcuma caesia Roxb. are used (Arulmozhi et al., 2006), haemorrhoids, in treating leucoderma, asthma, tumours, leprosy, asthma, cancer, epilepsy, fever, piles, bronchitis etc. The paste is applied on

30 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(11): 30-34 bruises, contusions and rheumatic pains in standardized finished herbal products. Manipur (Sarangthem and Haokip, 2010). In Arunachal Pradesh, Adi tribes use decoction Identification tests for phytochemical of fresh rhizome as anti-diarrhoetic. The constituents Khamti tribe of Lohit district applied the paste of fresh rhizome in case of snake and The tests were performed to find out the scorpion bite (Kagyung et al., 2010; Tag et presence of active chemical constituents al., 2007). such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavones, flavonoids, , reducing sugars, Materials and Methods proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, cardiac Collection of plant material glycosides by the following procedure. Phytochemical analysis was carried out for The plant material used in present study was all the extracts using standard methods. collected from (Gudala, Allavaram and Amalapuram) Andhra Pradesh. The plant Alkaloids materials were further identified in the Department of Botany, Dr.V.S.Krishna Extracts were dissolved individually in College, Visakhapatnam, India. diluted hydrochloric acid. The resulting acidic solution was tested for alkaloids by Preparation of rhizome extracts adding Mayer s reagent, Wagner s reagent, Dragendroff reagent and Hager s reagent. The collected Rhizome was shade dried, The formation of a faint turbidity or powered and extracted with hexane, precipitation on the addition of the above chloroform and methanol using soxhlet reagents indicates the presence of alkaloids. apparatus for 8 hours. The extracts were filtered and filtrates were concentrated under Flavanoid reduced pressure at 40o C using a rotaflash evaporator and stored at 4°C until use for 2-3 ml of plant extract was dissolved in 50% phytochemical screening. of methanol and warmed then add a piece of magnesium ribbon and 1ml of concentrated Screening of phytochemicals HCl. Red or yellow coloration of the solution indicates the presence of About 20g of the rhizome powder was flavonoids. soaked in 100 ml methanol solvent and incubated for 48 hrs and then filtered using Tannins Whattmann No.1 filter paper and methanol extract was obtained. A few ml of potassium dichromate added to the plant extract, formation of precipitate Phytochemical analysis was carried out showed the presence of tannins and using methanol plant extract using standard phenolics. methods (Amarsingham et al., 1964; Harborne, 1973; Raaman, 2006; Karhikeyan Saponins et al., 2009). The detailed and systematic pharmacognostic and phytochemical Frothing test: 0.5 ml of plant filtrate was evaluations of Curcuma caesia gives added to 5 ml of distilled water and valuable information in order to produce examined for frothing persistence. 31 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(11): 30-34

Cardiac glycosides medicinal phytochemicals such as terpenoids, reducing sugar, flavonoids, To the plant extract few ml of glacial acetic alkaloids and phlobatannins were present in acid, ferric chloride and concentrated H2SO4 the samples. Epidemiologic studies were added. Green color indicates the recommend that coronary heart disease is presence of cardiac glycosides opposed by dietary flavonoids.

Phenols Tannins have amazing stringent properties. They are known to hasten the healing of Add a few drops of 10% aqueous FeCl3 to wounds and inflamed mucous membranes. the plant extract, appearance of blue or Flavonoids are also present in all six green color indicates presence of phenols. selected medicinal plants as a potent water- soluble antioxidant and free radical Carbohydrates scavenger, which prevent oxidative cell damage and also have strong anticancer a) Molisch s test: To few ml of plant extract activity (Rio et al., 1997; Salah et al., 1995). 1ml of alpha-Napthol solution and It also helps in managing diabetes induced conc.H2SO4 was added along the walls of oxidative stress. Terpenoids have been the test tube. Purple to reddish violet colour found to be useful in the prevention and at the junction of the two layers indicates the therapy of several diseases, including presence of carbohydrates. cancer. Terpenoids are also known to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, b) Fehling s test: Equal volumes of antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-allergenic, Fehling s-A & B were added. On heating the antispasmodic, antihyperglycemic, anti- formation of brick red precipitate indicates inflammatory and immunomodulatory the presence of carbohydrates. properties (Rabi and Bishayee, 2009; Wagner and Elmadfa, 2003). c) Benedict s test: To 5 ml of Benedict s reagent few ml of plant extract was added Numerous studies have confirmed that and boiled for 2min, cooled. The formation saponins possess the unique property of of red precipitate indicates the presence of precipitating and coagulating red blood cells carbohydrates. and steroids are responsible for cholesterol- reducing properties (Okwu, 2004; Sodipo et Amino acids: Two drops of Ninhydrin al., 2000). Steroids also help in regulating Reagent was added to the plant extract. the immune response (Shah et al., 2009). Purple colour indicates the presence of amino acids. Alkaloids represent a class which affects the central nervous system, reduces appetite and Quinones: To 1ml of extract 1ml of behaves as diuretic (United States conc.H2SO4 were added, formation of red Department of Agriculture, 2010). In our color indicates the presence of quinones. studies it was investigated that alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, Results and Discussion tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, quinones, oils, flavonoids, amino acids and This study has revealed the presence of saponins are present in Curcuma caesia. phytochemicals considered as active medicinal chemical constituents. Important 32

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(11): 30-34

Table.1 Phytochemical constituents present in different extracts of Curcuma caesia

Extracts of Curcuma caesia Name of the S.No Hexane Chloroform Methanol Phytochemicals Extract Extract Extract

1 Phenols + + + 2 Phytosterols + + + 3 Terpenoids + + + 4 Glycosides + + + 5 Saponins + + + 6 Flavonoids + + + 7 Tannins - + + 8 Carbohydrates + + + 9 Alkaloids + + + 10 Amino acids + + + 11 Oils + + + 12 Quinones + + +

The selection of crude plant extracts for Sreeramulu, Head of the Department, screening programs has the potential of Department of Biotechnology, Dr. V. S. being more successful in initial steps than Krishna Govt. College, Visakhapatnam for the screening of pure compounds isolated providing research facilities for carrying out from natural products. The plant extract are the experimental work and for his kind the source of the secondary metabolites i.e., support. alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins etc. The phytochemical analysis of the Reference Curcuma caesia is important and has commercial interest in both research Amarsingham, P.P. et al. 1964. institutes and pharmaceuticals companies for Phytochemical survey of Malaya, Part the manufacturing of the new drugs for 3. Alkaloids and saponins. Econ. treatment of various diseases. Curcuma Taxonomic Bot., 18: 270 278. caesia has medicinal value the presence of Arulmozhi, D.K. et al. 2006. Preliminary these major constituents (Paliwal et al., mechanistic studies on the smooth 2012). Thus we hope that the important muscle relaxant effect of phytochemical properties identified by our hydroacloholic extract of Curcuma study in the local plant of Gudala, caesia. J. Herbal Pharmacother., Allavaram, Amalapuram will be helpful in 6(3/4). the copping different diseases of this Harborne, J.B. 1973. Phytochemical particular region. methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Acknowledgements Champman & Hall, London. 279 Pp. Kagyung, R. et al. 2010. Ethnomedicinal The authors express gratitude to Dr. S. Hara plant used for gastrointestinal diseases

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