DOCSLIB.ORG

Read Thailand's UPR Submission Here

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Read Thailand's UPR Submission Here Joint Submission by: EnLaw Foundation, Community Resource Centre Foundation, Campaign for Public Policy on Mineral Resources, and Protection International Related to: Thailand UPR Session: Session 39 - May 2021 Submitted: 25 March 2021 EnLaw Foundation ENLAWTHAI Foundation (EnLAW) was established in 2001 under the concept “environmental justice in Thailand is made possible by human rights and legal mechanisms”. EnLAW works to provide environmental legal support for people, particularly local communities affected by industrial development and pollution, in exercising their rights and accessing environmental justice; to monitor and identify the flaws in the current environmental legal system and to advocate change of the existing law to provide better protection to environment, health and livelihoods. Community Resource Centre Foundation The Community Resource Centre Foundation (CRC) was established in 2010 committed to protect and promote human, community, and environmental rights. CRC is a watchdog on the implementation of UN Guiding Principles on Business & Human Rights and of the Covenants on ICCPR and ICESCR. A prominent civil society organization leading the field of business and human rights in Thailand, CRC has worked with, built legal skills and capacities, and represented communities who face serious negative environmental and social impacts of ill-planned and poorly regulated industrial and development projects for more than a decade. Campaign for Public Policy in Mineral Resources (PPM) PPM works with rural and community-based Human Rights Defenders (HRDs) in 11 areas, 30 communities throughout Thailand. PPM works to empower the communities to stand up for their right to manage natural resources and the environment by resisting against the corporations conducting mining exploration and operations in their communities. PPM regularly monitors domestic laws and policies related to mineral resources, and demand accountability from the government and private sectors to respect human rights and community rights. Protection International is an international, non-governmental organisation (NGO) that brings protection strategies and security management tools to Human Rights Defenders (HRDs) at risk. Protection International envisions a world where human rights and fundamental freedoms are universally recognized and respected, and where everyone has the right to defend these rights and freedoms without fear of threats or attack. The following submission has been prepared by Protection International based on research carried out by these organisations and information received from independent HRDs in Thailand from 2016 until March 2021. Contact person: Pranom Somwong, PI Protection Desk Thailand Representative, [email protected] 1. General trends facing land, rural, Indigenous and environmental HRDs Since 2014, the government of Thailand, under the leadership of Prime Minister General Prayuth Chan-o-cha, has used judicial harassment, violence, and threats of violence to repress and intimidate human rights defenders (HRDs). Frustrated with the government’s poor response to the COVID pandemic and economic hardship, activists called for human rights, political change, and respect for minority and Indigenous rights. In response, the government tightened its grip on power and used repressive laws, such as the Public Assembly Bill, Sedition Law, Lèse-majesté Law, and Computer Crimes Act, to repress dissidents. The COVID pandemic and government response has further exposed the systemic injustices impacting human rights and the environment. The Thai government has enacted an Emergency Decree with the stated aim of controlling COVID-19, though it affords them power to act with impunity and further restrict public participation and criminalizes dissent. All those who defend human rights are affected, though the COVID pandemic and response disproportionately affect women human rights defenders (WHRDs) in particular. For WHRDs, the COVID pandemic has compounded the existing structural barriers they face as women and mothers, including poverty, rape and domestic violence, and climate change. This report highlights the government of Thailand’s efforts to intimidate, harass, and repress women/human rights defenders under the period in review, with particular attention paid to the government’s COVID-19 response. 2. Judicial harassment and criminalization of HRDs Human rights defenders regularly face judicial harassment when they publicly oppose government policies or private companies’ activities in their communities. When HRDs raise their voice in calling for justice and ethnic and Indigenous rights, they are harassed, threatened, criminalised and perennially exposed to risks to their lives and liberty by state and non-state actors. Rural, Indigenous and women human rights defenders face the greatest risks and are often among the poorest and most harassed in Thai society. a. HRDs fighting against a power plant in Thepa District, Songkhla Province On 24 November 2017, a group of 17 villagers from Thepa District began a march to Muang District, Songkhla Province. They planned to deliver a letter to Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-o- cha on 28 November detailing their opposition to the construction of a coal-fired power plant in their province. However, on 27 November, authorities dispersed the crowd and arrested at least 16 people. Later on, another person was arrested, leading to a total of 17 arrests. All 17 defendants have been charged with blocking traffic, marching on a public highway, fighting with police, carrying weapons in public and staging illegal demonstrations. The “weapons'' in question were poles used to carry signs and banners. In the Court of First Instance, two HRDs who led the rallies were found guilty and sentenced to pay a 5,000 Baht fine while the rest of the cases were dismissed. In Appeals court, all 17 defendants were found guilty for illegal public assembly. Currently, the case is under consideration of the Supreme Court as the defendants appealed. b. Land Rights Defenders in Ban Sup Wai communities, Chaiyaphum Province In June 2014, the National Council for Peace and Order issued a “Forest Reclamation'' policy in which the total area of forested land would be increased from 31% to 40% within 10 years.1 Under this order, the NGO Coordinating Committee on Development estimates that about 9,000 families 1 The NCPO is the military junta that ruled Thailand following a coup d’état in May 2014. would be evicted from their lands.2 As communities continue to be displaced, land and human rights defenders fight harder to assert their right to land and livelihood. It is of great concern that these HRDs are criminalised in order to advance the government’s climate change agenda, particularly when the government is giving away these forests to coal mining companies to expand special economic zones.3 In 2015, the government deployed military power together with officials from the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation to remove a community of villagers called Ban Sup Wai in Chaiyaphum Province who had lived there for several decades prior to the announcement of the Order. The 14 villagers were “asked to return the land”, their rubber trees were cut down and trespass charges were filed against them. The 14 villagers, nine of which are women, were convicted of deteriorating the National Forest reserve and the National Park area within Sai Thong National Park under the National Reserved Forests Act (No. 4), B.E. 2559 (2016), National Park Act B.E 2562 (2019), and Forest Act B.E. 2562 (2019). Thirteen of them were sentenced to imprisonment, with one person given a suspended sentence. They were fined from between 100,000 baht and 1.5 million baht. The Court of Appeals confirmed the judgement and further increased the fine of six of the defendants due to their alleged contribution to climate change by living on the reserved forest area. In March 2021, the Supreme Court suspended one of the WHRD’s sentences in the case, Nittaya Muangklang’s, for three years. However, she must still pay 150,000 baht (4,839 USD) in compensation for allegedly contributing to climate change. The court also ordered her to be evicted from the land within 30 days. The rest of hearings of other HRDs in this case will take place in May 2021. c. Nam Deang Community, member of The Southern Peasants Federation of Thailand (SPFT), Surat Thani Province A group of 15 Thai farmers from the Southern Peasants Federation of Thailand (SPFT) faced criminal charges concerning alleged mischief and occupation of property by World Resources Development Company Limited, a mining and extractive company in Yala province and Equatorial Communication (Thailand) Company. The police subsequently accused the 15 Nam Deang community members of criminal association. Members of SPTF also face a civil case brought against them by Kiatnakin Bank, who also claims to have land rights to the area in the form of a “certificate of authorization” and who is trying to force the community to purchase land allegedly belonging to the bank. The court later dismissed the charges on mischief and criminal association, but later found them guilty of occupation of property and sentenced each defendant to two years and eight months’ imprisonment. Four members of SPFT, including two women and land rights defenders, have been killed since 2010 and a fifth and sixth member survived attempted murders on 8 April 2016 and 20 October 2020, respectively. 3. Threats and intimidation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zootaxa,Namtokocoris Sites, a New Genus of Naucoridae
    Zootaxa 1588: 1–29 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Namtokocoris Sites, a new genus of Naucoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in waterfalls of Indochina, with descriptions of six new species ROBERT W. SITES AND AKEKAWAT VITHEEPRADIT Enns Entomology Museum, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Abstract A new genus with six new species of Naucoridae inhabiting waterfalls of Indochina are described from a decade of aquatic insect collections in Thailand and Vietnam. Namtokocoris Sites NEW GENUS is diagnosed by a pair of promi- nent scutellar protuberances, the prosternal midline bears an expansive, thin, plate-like carina, the forelegs of both sexes have a one-segmented tarsus apparently fused with the tibia, and a single claw. Prominent linear series of stout hairs occur on the hemelytra, although this attribute is not unique within the subfamily. Despite the lack of sexual dimorphism in the forelegs, this new genus is a member of the subfamily Laccocorinae, an assignment based on other characters con- sistent with this subfamily. Character states of this genus are compared with those of other Asian genera of Laccocori- nae. The type species, Namtokocoris siamensis Sites NEW SPECIES, is widely distributed from northern through eastern Thailand in waterfalls of several mountain ranges. Namtokocoris khlonglan Sites NEW SPECIES was collected only at Namtok Khlong Lan at Khlong Lan National Park. Namtokocoris minor Sites NEW SPECIES was collected at two waterfalls near the border with Burma in Kanchanaburi Province and is the smallest species known.
    [Show full text]
  • National Report for Seagrass in Cambodia
    United Nations UNEP/GEF South China Sea Global Environment Environment Programme Project Facility NATIONAL REPORT on Seagrass in the South China Sea THAILAND Dr. Suvaluck Satumanatpan Focal Point for Seagrass Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University, Salaya Campus Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand NATIONAL REPORT ON SEAGRASS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA – THAILAND Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 2. REVIEW OF NATIONAL DATA AND INFORMATION....................................................................1 2.1 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION .......................................................................................................1 2.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS...............................................................................1 2.3 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS.................................................................................................................2 2.3.1 Seagrass ........................................................................................................................2 2.3.2 Associated Marine Biota ................................................................................................3 2.3.3 Dugong...........................................................................................................................5 2.4 THREATS TO SEAGRASS .............................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • (Unofficial Translation) Order of the Centre for the Administration of the Situation Due to the Outbreak of the Communicable Disease Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) No
    (Unofficial Translation) Order of the Centre for the Administration of the Situation due to the Outbreak of the Communicable Disease Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) No. 1/2564 Re : COVID-19 Zoning Areas Categorised as Maximum COVID-19 Control Zones based on Regulations Issued under Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations B.E. 2548 (2005) ------------------------------------ Pursuant to the Declaration of an Emergency Situation in all areas of the Kingdom of Thailand as from 26 March B.E. 2563 (2020) and the subsequent 8th extension of the duration of the enforcement of the Declaration of an Emergency Situation until 15 January B.E. 2564 (2021); In order to efficiently manage and prepare the prevention of a new wave of outbreak of the communicable disease Coronavirus 2019 in accordance with guidelines for the COVID-19 zoning based on Regulations issued under Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations B.E. 2548 (2005), by virtue of Clause 4 (2) of the Order of the Prime Minister No. 4/2563 on the Appointment of Supervisors, Chief Officials and Competent Officials Responsible for Remedying the Emergency Situation, issued on 25 March B.E. 2563 (2020), and its amendments, the Prime Minister, in the capacity of the Director of the Centre for COVID-19 Situation Administration, with the advice of the Emergency Operation Center for Medical and Public Health Issues and the Centre for COVID-19 Situation Administration of the Ministry of Interior, hereby orders Chief Officials responsible for remedying the emergency situation and competent officials to carry out functions in accordance with the measures under the Regulations, for the COVID-19 zoning areas categorised as maximum control zones according to the list of Provinces attached to this Order.
    [Show full text]
  • Thai Handicrafts
    Thai Handicrafts hai handicrafts are the products T of intricate creativity and long held heritage of the Thai people in various parts of the country. The handicrafts are made primarily for practical purposes and also as items of beauty. Following is a list of outstanding Thai handicrafts with their unique characteristics which make these items one of the most by striking heated pieces of metal outstanding attractions of Thailand. into various shapes such as utensils Nielloware: Originally, nielloware and weapons, i.e. knives, axes, were all hand made but nowadays, spades, sickles, and metallic bowls. some are made through the use of The same process is used in making equipment and the application of silver and gold ware. The following modern technology. Nielloware is the are examples of the unique sites for art of applying an amalgam of black bronze ware: Bronze ware at Ban metals to etched portions of either Pa-Ao, Ubon Ratchathani Province. silver or gold. Nielloware products Weaving: Hand- include trays, bowls, teapots, cutlery, woven fabrics and mats jewellery, and boxes for betel leaves have developed into the and areca nuts. present-day cotton and Bronze Ware: There are two silk weaving traditional kinds of bronze ware in Thailand. folk craft. Especially The first type is the bronze (alloy of the hand-woven fabrics tin and copper) object which is cast have become the major by the lost wax process wherein handicraft of the country molten bronze is poured into baked in terms of the production clay moulds, such as in the making for Thailand’s garment of Buddha images and bells.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater in Sugarcane Field, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand
    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-1S, May 2019 Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater in Sugarcane Field, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand Sorranat Ratchawang, Srilert Chotpantarat - infants and human birth defects [6], [7]. Nitrate (NO3 ) is a Abstract: Due to the intensive agricultural activities, nitrate chemical compound with one part nitrogen and three parts - (NO3 ) contamination is one of the problems for groundwater oxygen. This common form of nitrogen is usually found in resource protection in Thailand, well-known as an agricultural water. In general, occurring concentrations of nitrate in country. Nitrate has no taste and odorless in water and can be detected by chemical test only. It was reported that Suphan Buri is groundwater are naturally less than 2 mg/L originated from considered as one of the provinces with intensive agricultural natural sources such as decaying plant materials, atmospheric - areas, especially sugarcane fields. In this study, NO3 deposition, and inorganic fertilizers. concentrations were measured in 8 groundwater wells located in In Asia, nitrogen fertilizer application has increased - sugarcane fields in this province. NO3 concentration in the area dramatically approximately 17-fold in the last 40 years [8]. was ranged from 2.39 to 68.19 mg/L with an average As comparing to other countries, it was found that average concentration of 30.49 mg/L which was a bit higher than the previous study by Department of Groundwater Resources or fertilizer application rates of Thailand are low (Thailand: 101 - DGR, which found that NO3 was in the range of 0.53-66 mg/L kg/ha; USA: 113 kg/ha; China: 321 kg/ha).
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptions of New Species of Dryinidae (Hymenop- Tera: Chrysidoidea) from Thailand
    Oriental Insects, Vol. 42: 227–235, 2008. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF DRYINIDAE (HYMENOP- TERA: CHRYSIDOIDEA) FROM THAILAND MASSIMO OLMI Dipartimento di Protezione delle piante, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT . Eight new species of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are described from Thailand, namely Aphelopus thai ; Anteon phuphayonense , semipolitum , khaokhoense , doiense , phetchabunense ; Pseudodryinus thai ; Neodryinus phuphayonensis . The holotypes are deposited in the collections of Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The keys to the Oriental Aphelopus , Anteon , Pseudodryinus and Neodryinus are modified. Key words: Hymenoptera, Dryinidae, Aphelopus , Anteon , Pseudodryinus , Neodryinus , new species, taxonomy. Introduction Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are parasitoids of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha (Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2006, 2007). The Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) of Thailand were studied in the last thirty years mainly by Olmi (1984, 1991, 1998a, 1998b, 2000, 2005). However, in spite of the above papers, they can be considered insufficiently known. In 2007 I received for study an interesting collection of unidentified dryinids from Thailand. The study of this material resulted in the discovery of eight new species described herein. Material and Methods The descriptions follow the terminology used by Olmi (1984, 1994, 1999). The measurements reported are relative, except for the total length (head to abdominal tip, without the antennae), which is expressed in millimetres. The study techniques were those proposed by Olmi (1984). In the descriptions POL is the distance between the inner edges of the two lateral ocelli; OL is the distance between the inner edges of a lateral ocellus and the median ocellus; OOL is the distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eye; OPL is the distance from the posterior edge of a lateral ocellus to the occipital carina; TL is the distance from the posterior edge of an eye to the occipital carina.
    [Show full text]
  • Kanchanaburi Province Holds River Kwai Bridge Festival 2015 (28/11/2015)
    Kanchanaburi Province Holds River Kwai Bridge Festival 2015 (28/11/2015) Kanchanaburi Province is organizing the River Kwai Bridge Week, an event to promote tourism and take visitors back to the times of World War II. Both Thai and international tourists are welcome to the River Kwai Bridge Week, also known as the River Kwai Bridge Festival. It is held in conjunction with the Kanchanaburi Red Cross Fair, under the theme \"70 Years of Peace, Peaceful Kanchanaburi. The River Kwai Bridge Week and Kanchanaburi Red Cross Fair 2015 takes place in the River Kwai Bridge area and the Klip Bua field in Mueang district from 28 November to 7 December 2015. The highlight of this event is the spectacular light and sound presentation, telling the history of the River Kwai Bridge and the Death Railway of World War II. The festival also features cultural performances, concerts, exhibitions, a fun fair, and a bazaar of local products. Visitors will learn more about Kanchanaburi, which is the location of monuments associated with World War II. During the war, a large number of Allied prisoners of war and locally conscripted laborers were forced to build the River Kwai Bridge, which was part of the historic \"Death Railway linking Thailand with Burma, presently Myanmar. The Japanese who occupied Thailand at that time demanded free passage to Burma, and they wanted the railway bridge to serve as their supply line between Thailand, Burma, and India. The prisoners of war were from Australia, England, Holland, New Zealand, and the United States. Asian workers were also employed to build the bridge and the railway line, passing through rugged mountains and jungles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis of Problem and Threat of Small and Medium Enterprises In
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Clute Institute: Journals International Business & Economics Research Journal – September 2010 Volume 9, Number 9 The Analysis Of Problem And Threat Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprizes In Northeast Thailand Thongphon Promsaka Na Sakolnakorn, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand ABSTRACT The objectives of the study are: 1) to study the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the northeastern region of Thailand and 2) to analyze the problems of the operation and management of small and medium-sized enterprises in the northeastern region of Thailand. The researcher used a qualitative method with in-depth interviews of 30 entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized enterprises in northeast Thailand. In addition, content analysis was used to analyze this data. The researcher found five problems affecting SMEs in northeast Thailand: 1) public policy and government support, 2) financial support, 3) knowledge capital, 4) labor, and 5) marketing. Keywords: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Problem and Threat, Northeast of Thailand INTRODUCTION ne of the potential processes to develop the economy in the country is to spread modernity to all regions of the country. When modernization comes to the area economic growth will follow, especially for small and O medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are very important in developing countries. SMEs are crucial to a developing country because they increase the growth of the economy and industry in the country (Chen & Rozelle, 1999). SMEs still are one of the important factors that help and support the growth of the economy over the decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Data as reported by the CCSA mid-day press briefing 27 May 2021 WHO Thailand Situation Report THAILAND 141,217 SITUATION 920 46,469 93,828 UPDATE (+3,323) (+47) (+2,063) No. 184 Confirmed Deaths Hospitalized Recovered SPOTLIGHT • Today, 3,323 new cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were announced by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand. 47 new deaths were reported today. In addition, 1,201 patients are considered to have serious illness, 399 of which are currently receiving ventilatory support. • Of the cases reported in Thailand to date, 66.4% (93,828) have recovered, 0.7% (920) have died, and 32.9% (46,469) are receiving treatment or are in isolation: (18,335 are in conventional hospitals and 28,134 in field hospitals). • The 3,323 laboratory-confirmed cases reported today include: 1,219 cases in prison facilities. 1,132 cases detected through the routine surveillance system: (testing of people presenting at a healthcare facility for a variety of reasons, including presence of COVID-19 symptoms, contact with a case, concern about possible exposure). 951 cases identified through active case finding: (testing of people in the community at the initiative of public health authorities). 21 cases detected in quarantine after arriving in Thailand from another country. • The 10 Provinces reporting the greatest number of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases today are Bangkok (894), Samut Prakan (280), Phetchaburi (233), Nonthaburi (129), Pathum Thani (98), Samut Sakhon (59), Chonburi (52), Chiang Rai (45), Nakhon Pathom (35), and Songkhla (31). • 22 provinces reported no new cases today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Water Footprint Assessment of Ethanol Production from Molasses in Kanchanaburi and Supanburi Province of Thailand
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com APCBEE Procedia 5 ( 2013 ) 283 – 287 ICESD 2013: January 19-20, Dubai, UAE The Water Footprint Assessment of Ethanol Production from Molasses in Kanchanaburi and Supanburi Province of Thailand. Chooyok P, Pumijumnog N and Ussawarujikulchai A Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, THAILAND. Abstract This study aims to assess water footprint of ethanol production from molasses in Kanchanaburi and Suphanburi Provinces of Thailand, based on the water footprint concept methodology. The water footprint of ethanol from molasses can be calculated into three parts: sugar cane, molasses, and ethanol production. The green, blue, and grey water footprints of ethanol production from molasses in the Kanchanaburi Province are 849.7, 209.6, and 45.0 (m3/ton), respectively, whereas those of ethanol in the Suphanburi Province are 708.3, 102.9, and 64.8 (m3/ton), respectively. Study results depend on several factors such as climate, soil, and planting date. These are related and effective to the size of water footprint. Especially, if schedule of planting and harvest date are different, which causes the volume of rainfall to be different; these affect the size of water footprints. A limitation of calculation of grey water footprint from crop process has been based on a consideration rate of nitrogen only. Both provinces in the study area have their respective amount of the grey water footprint of molasses, and ethanol production is zero. The wastewater in molasses and ethanol production have a very high temperature and BOD, whereas the grey water footprint in this study is zero because the wastewater may be stored in pond, or it may be reused in area of factory and does not have a direct discharge into the water system.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand's First Provincial Elections Since the 2014 Military Coup
    ISSUE: 2021 No. 24 ISSN 2335-6677 RESEARCHERS AT ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE ANALYSE CURRENT EVENTS Singapore | 5 March 2021 Thailand’s First Provincial Elections since the 2014 Military Coup: What Has Changed and Not Changed Punchada Sirivunnabood* Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit, founder of the now-dissolved Future Forward Party, attends a press conference in Bangkok on January 21, 2021, after he was accused of contravening Thailand's strict royal defamation lese majeste laws. In December 2020, the Progressive Movement competed for the post of provincial administrative organisations (PAO) chairman in 42 provinces and ran more than 1,000 candidates for PAO councils in 52 of Thailand’s 76 provinces. Although Thanathorn was banned from politics for 10 years, he involved himself in the campaign through the Progressive Movement. Photo: Lillian SUWANRUMPHA, AFP. * Punchada Sirivunnabood is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of Mahidol University and Visiting Fellow in the Thailand Studies Programme of the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. 1 ISSUE: 2021 No. 24 ISSN 2335-6677 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • On 20 December 2020, voters across Thailand, except in Bangkok, elected representatives to provincial administrative organisations (PAO), in the first twinkle of hope for decentralisation in the past six years. • In previous sub-national elections, political parties chose to separate themselves from PAO candidates in order to balance their power among party allies who might want to contest for the same local positions. • In 2020, however, several political parties, including the Phuea Thai Party, the Democrat Party and the Progressive Movement (the successor of the Future Forward Party) officially supported PAO candidates.
    [Show full text]
  • The King's Nation: a Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand
    THE KING’S NATION: A STUDY OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN THAILAND Andreas Sturm Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science) 2006 UMI Number: U215429 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U215429 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis, submitted in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and entitled ‘The King’s Nation: A Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand’, represents my own work and has not been previously submitted to this or any other institution for any degree, diploma or other qualification. Andreas Sturm 2 VV Abstract This thesis presents an overview over the history of the concepts ofnation and nationalism in Thailand. Based on the ethno-symbolist approach to the study of nationalism, this thesis proposes to see the Thai nation as a result of a long process, reflecting the three-phases-model (ethnie , pre-modem and modem nation) for the potential development of a nation as outlined by Anthony Smith.
    [Show full text]