in fledgling Chinese e-commerce TYPSET and site Alibaba [April 4]. Nov. 6th RUNOFF Yahoo! went through some Nov. 6, 1964 turbulent times after Yang Mark E. became CEO in 2007: there was [Oct 9] finished his an aggressive bid for the Nemenman Project MAC [July 1] memo company from Microsoft [May (MAC-M-193) describing 4], and a civil suit relating to the Born: Nov. 6, 1936; TYPSET and RUNOFF. TYPSET arrest of Chinese journalist Shi Minsk, Belarus was a document editor, and Tao [Sept 7]. In 2009, Yang was RUNOFF its output processor replaced by Carol Bartz, but In 1964, Nemenman was one of which supported pagination and remained on the board until the developers of the AKI headers, as well as text 2012. language (short for "Engineer’s justification. The original Autocode" in Russian), a cross purpose of RUNOFF was to between an assembly language format Saltzer's doctoral thesis and higher-level languages like proposal. FORTRAN [Dec 00]. It became very popular in the Soviet Union RUNOFF is often considered the until BASIC [May 1] rose to first computer mark-up prominence. language, being based around "dot-commands", although Peter Nemenman also led the Samson’s [Aug 16] TJ-2 was an development of system software earlier layout system, albeit for the Minsk-32, the most functionally simpler. Probably popular of the Minsk family of the first program used to drive a computers [Aug 23]. phototyping machine was Michael Barnett’s [March 24] TYPRINT. MESM Runs RUNOFF was written in FAP Nov. 6, 1950 (Fortran Assembler) and MAD Jerry Yang (2007). Photo by (Michigan Algorithmic Decoder) Mitchell Aidelbaum. CC BY 2.0. MESM (a Russian abbreviation for the MIT CTSS time-sharing for “Small Electronic Calculating system [May 3]. The name is He says that he only knew one Machine”) ran its first program alleged to have come from the English word, “shoe”, when he on this day, and in 1951 became phrase “I’ll run off a copy.” came to America, but became the first, fully operational, fluent in English within just RUNOFF would beget the runoff computer in the Soviet Union. three years. document formatter on It used about 6,000 vacuum [Nov 30], which led to the roff Yang’s first Web page contained tubes, and could perform and tools on [Oct 15]. his name in Chinese characters, approximately 3,000 operations his golf scores, and a list of his per minute. It was 8 to 10 favorite Internet sites. meters long and about 2 meters tall. It had been developed by a Jerry Chih-Yuan 20-person team at the Kiev Institute of Electrotechnology, Yang Microsoft Meets led by Sergey Alexeyevich Born: Nov. 6, 1968; with IBM Lebedev [Nov 2], starting late in Taipei, Taiwan 1948. Nov. 6, 1980 Yang and David Filo co-founded When Lebedev gave a Yahoo! [March 2] in 1994 while Previous: [Sept 22]; Next: [July presentation on the MESM to the they were graduate students at 27] Soviet Academy of Sciences in Stanford. Initially intended to act Bill Gates [Oct 28], Steve Ballmer Moscow, he was criticized for solely as a Web directory (called using the term “logic” to [March 24] and Bob O’Rear [Dec “Jerry’s Guide to the World Wide 7] met with IBM in Boca Raton describe the circuitry, on the Web”), it grew [April 12] into grounds that “logic” was a to sign a contract that put one of the most popular Web Microsoft in charge of characteristic of humans not portals during the 1990's. machines. coordinating software On [Aug 11] 2005, Yang pulled development for the IBM PC The machine stayed in operation off what would later be [Aug 12]. until 1957, and was then given recognized as one of the best When IBM CEO John Opel heard to a Kiev cinema studio, where it strategic investments in tech became a prop in SF films. Microsoft had got the contract, history: acquiring a 40% stake he said “Oh, is that Mary Gates’

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boy’s company?” since Opel and of rendering relatively complex It connects an estimated 50 Gates’ mother served together 3D scenes in real time, in hi- million users in over 10,000 on the national board of the resolution, and at high frame institutions. Over 1 Petabyte of "United Way" charity. rates. It's proprietary Glide 3D data is transferred every day graphics API was designed across the network. IBM agreed to pay Microsoft specifically around the $430,000, including a mere hardware, and was blazingly $45,000 for an OS, $310,000 for fast. 3Dfx’s dominance at the various programming languages, end of the 1990's meant that Amazon Echo and $75,000 for “adaptions, Glide was very popular for a testing and consultation.” while, but improvements in Released IBM was expecting Microsoft to Microsoft’s Direct3D [Sept 30] Nov. 6, 2014 ask for more money, but instead and OpenGL [Jan 00] eventually they obtained the right to sell led to its demise. The Amazon [July 16] Echo is a the new OS to other companies 9.25 inch tall cylindrical ‘smart’ 3dfx was founded in 1994 by under the name MS-DOS [Aug speaker with a microphone, Ross Smith, Gary Tarolli and 12]. It was this clause that which connects to Amazon's Scott Sellers, all former changed the course of Alexa personal assistant service. employees of Silicon Graphics technology history by opening [March 23]. the door to Microsoft becoming the dominant software company Unfortunately, in late 2000, not of the PC era. long after Voodoo 4’s launch, several of 3dfx’s creditors Microsoft understood that by decided to start bankruptcy controlling the OS, the proceedings against it, and the underlying hardware became company opted to be bought by almost irrelevant. Also, IBM one of their rivals, NVidia [Feb didn’t foresee that companies 17]. The details of the deal were would be able to successfully harsh, and on Dec. 15, 2000, clone their hardware and its 3dfx apologized to its customers BIOS (see [July 10]). The first-generation Amazon in a final press release. NVidia Echo. Photo by Frmorrison. CC then announced that they BY-SA 3.0. wouldn't provide technical WordNet support for 3dfx products, but had a limited-time offer under Amazon began developing the Described which 3dfx owners could trade Echo in 2010 at Lab126, in their hardware for NVidia previously home to its Kindle Nov. 6-7, 1985 cards of equal performance. line [Nov 19]. The lab was founded in 2004 by Gregg Zehr, WordNet is a lexical database for The disappearance of 3dfx left formerly the Vice President of the English language, developed ATi [Oct 24] and NVidia the two Hardware Engineering at Palm by psychologist and cognitive main players in the graphics [March 10]. scientist George A. Miller and his processors industry. Echo’s main hardware team at Princeton. It has become a major resource for Web search competitor is Google Home [Nov engines and Information 4], while Alexa’s main software Retrieval projects. GÉANT Begins rival is Apple’s Siri [Oct 4]. WordNet groups English words Nov. 6, 2000 Concerns have been voiced into sets of synonyms and about the Echo's access to records the various semantic GÉANT is Europe’s gigabit private conversations (concerns relations between them. The research network, developed by its shares with Google Home and result is a hierarchy of concepts, a consortium of 38 national Siri). A user can disable voice ranging from very general research networks, under the recordings, but Amazon warns (“entity”, “state”) to moderately sponsorship of the European that doing so may degrade the abstract (“animal”) to very Commission. user’s experience when using voice search. In other words, do specific (“Siamese cat”). It became fully operational in you want privacy or ease of use? Dec. 2001, and subsequently evolved through many versions (GÉANT2, GN3, GN3plus, GN4-1 3dfx Voodoo through 4-3). Nov. 6, 1995 By 2013 it supported multiple 3dfx Interactive released 100 Gbit/s links, with the core "Voodoo Graphics", the first add- network supporting 500 Gbit/s. in graphics card for PCs capable

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Company Name Hack Nov. 6, 2020 Alex Hern reported in The Guardian newspaper that Companies House, which is in charge of registering businesses in the UK, had forced one to change its name after it realised it might pose a security threat. The original name was ““>