A Guide to Popular Translation Reading Manuscripts (Abbreviation) Date Level Translation Method Translators and/or Texts Used

Verbal equivalence; Frances Siewert and Lockman Amplified Bible 1965; updated amplification of word Greek text of ; NA Foundation Editorial Board 1987 meanings various translations

Common English Bible Committee, Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (4th Hybrid: Verbal an alliance of five denominational edition), Biblia Hebraica Quinta (5th Common English equivalence with 2010, 2011 7 publishers (117 translators from edition); Nestle Aland 27th Edition Bible (CEB) dynamic balance and 22 faith traditions and 5 countries; (1993), Gottingen (in common language 77 field testing groups with 400 progress), Ralf's Septuagint (2005) participants in 13 denominations)

The Contemporary Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (4th American Bible Society; over English Version (CEV) 1995 5 Dynamic equivalence edition), UBS Greek NT (3rd edition, 100 translators and reviewers corrected)

English Standard Biblia Hebraica (3rd edition), UBS Crossway Version (ESV) 1951, 2002 6 Dynamic equivalence Greek NT (3rd edition)

Good News Bible; American Bible Society; Robert Hybrid: Verbal equivalence Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (4th The Bible in Today's 1976 8 Bratcher, NT Bratcher and with dynamic balance edition), Nestle Aland 27th Edition (1993) English Version (TEV) 6 others, OT

90 scholars, primarily Conservative revision of 30-35 Holman Christian 2003 11 Verbal equivalence Standard Bible (HCSB) Southern Baptist passages in the RSV

Masoretic (OT), Textus Receptus (NT); Verbal equivalence (KJV) 1611 12 54 English scholars The Bishop's Bible, 1568

Paraphrase of American Standard The Living Bible (LB) 1971 8 Paraphrase Kenneth Taylor Version (1901) The Message The Message 6 Paraphrase Eugene Peterson Paraphrase from original languages 1993; 2001

The New American 1970 NT Dynamic equivalence, 1970; 55 scholars, including some Masoretic (OT), Nestle-Aland 7 Bible (NAB) revised, 1986 verbal equivalence, 1986 Protestants Greek NT

Biblia Hebraica , Nestle's Greek Text, New American 61 evangelical scholars (original 1971; update 23rd edition (1971); Biblia Hebraica Standard Bible 11 and update), sponsored by 1995 Verbal equivalence Stuttgartensia , Nestle-Aland/UBS, (NASB) Lockman Foundation 26th edition (1995)

New Century Version A team composed of the World Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia; UBS 1991 6 Dynamic equivalence Bible Translation Center and (NCV) Greek NT 50 scholars and translators Hybrid: Verbal Biblica: 2011 update by 10 person New International Biblia Hebraica; eclectic mix 1978, 2011 8 equivalence with committee ( 2%–4% change from 1978 Version (NIV) of original texts for NT dynamic balance edition) based on some TNIV changes

Verbal equivalence, with New International dynamic balance and 40, including stylists Simplification of NIV Reader's Version (NIrV) 1996 3 some simplification Original Languages; La Bible New Jerusalem Bible Verbal equivalence, with Approximately 30 1985 8 dynamic tendencies de Jérusalem (French)

New King James Version Approximately 60 scholars Revision of KJV Biblia Hebraica 1982 Verbal equivalence 1982 (NKJV) 11 and church leaders Textus Receptus (NT) Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia; New Living Translation 90 scholars, primarily from Trinity 1996 UBS Greek NT (1993), Nestle-Aland (NLT) 6 Dynamic equivalence Evangelical Divinity School and Asbury Seminary (1993) Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (3rd New Revised Standard 1990 11 Verbal equivalence National Council of Churches; edition); UBS Greek NT (3rd edition, Version (NRSV) 30 scholars corrected) revision of RSV (1952)

27 scholars and 52 retellers; The Voice 2011 8 Paraphrase not disclosed from the emergent movement

*Definitions provided on second page Definitions

Dynamic equivalence: Emphasis on reproducing the functional meaning of the ancient words with freedom to rearrange the order of the words (syntax) in the target language.

Masoretic: The most widely used Hebrew text of the Old Testament.

Paraphrase: Emphasis is on expressing the meaning in contemporary language, with numerous additional words.

Textus Receptus: "Received Text"; 1550 edition of the Greek NT used by most translators before 1900.

Verbal equivalence: Emphasis is on reproducing the modern English equivalent of the ancient words, with tendency to use same word order as the ancient language.