Our Mission The Wetlands Initiative is a non-profit organization dedicated to restoring the wetland resources of the Midwest to improve water quality, increase wildlife habitat and biodiversity, and reduce flood damage. Each Wetlands Initiative project begins with a map. Or more accurately, many maps. We dig up historical maps to see what the particular landscape about to be restored once looked like; we make maps depict- ing current conditions using satellite and other types of data; and then we map a vision for the restoration based on analyses of the past and present, and also our best scientific understanding of what will happen in the future as the climate and other factors change. As this annual report depicts, the mapmaking continues all through a project. Together the maps tell a vivid story of natural transformation, full of colors, shapes, and symbols as beautiful as any prairie flower or marsh bird. TWI Geospatial Analyst and Developer Jim Monchak using a portable With maps so central to our work, TWI has GPS device to survey Chicago’s Hegewisch Marsh, in the Calumet region. always prioritized having a mapmaker on staff, though the more modern title for the position is chair and the executive director of the Wetlands GIS analyst, reflecting the data-driven nature of the Initiative, both of us know from experience how job. A geographic information systems (GIS) analyst critical Jim is to all of our projects. His maps help is someone who knows how to capture, integrate, us figure out where we’ve been, where we are now, analyze, and display data with a geographic or and where we can get to down the road. spatial component. As you explore TWI’s current projects through The data can be captured in many ways: the maps in the pages that follow, we hope you’ll most simply by downloading it from an existing want to learn more about the actual sites they depict. database (land elevations, for example) or with At different stages of restoration, all are made more complexity by using a GPS device to record possible by the people who support TWI’s mission. location points associated with a specific variable We are deeply grateful to all of you who are helping of interest (for instance, where a particular bird to turn Jim’s maps into native habitats, his geospatial species has nested). data into living landscapes. Once captured, the different types of data can And when you decide to visit one of TWI’s be layered and manipulated in innumerable ways project sites that’s far enough along to be open to for analysis and then displayed graphically in the the public, we’ve got the maps to get you there! form of a map. There are many applications of GIS, the most familiar of which is probably the navigation system you likely have in your car. Carl Yudell Paul Botts Jim Monchak is TWI’s geospatial analyst and Chair, Board of Directors President & Executive Director developer, a quiet guy with four computer monitors and a printer that can produce maps big enough to cover a tabletop during a meeting. As the board
Cover map U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois: Lacon Sheet (1893). Opposite U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois: Hennepin Sheet (1893). A long-desired addition to TWI’s Sue and Wes Dixon Waterfowl Refuge in north-central Illinois, the 283-acre Hickory Hollow tract was acquired in Projected Habitats December 2014. Much of the tract was being farmed at the time; other areas were thick with trees. An important reason for the purchase was to protect the sensitive wetland habitats of the Refuge’s Dore Seep, just 26 downslope from the tract. But the new parcel also contained remnants of upland habitats that would add to the preserve’s already-rich mosaic of lowland habitats. Through methodical sampling, we confirmed that most of Hickory Hollow has very sandy soils. By combining the soil data with detailed surveys of the existing vegetation and other factors, we mapped the native habitats to be restored. On the modest acreage, there is potential for no less than nine habitat types. Much of the restored tract will be prairie, including rare sand prairie and even rarer sand hill prairie. There will also be a lot of oak savanna, ■ including globally imperiled sand oak Sand Hill Prairie savanna. Add to these some oak– ■ Sand Prairie hickory woodland, black walnut ■ Mesic Prairie riparian forest, sycamore floodplain ■ Sand Oak Savanna forest, and mixed woodland and you’ve 0 250 500 1,000 feet got a varied upland landscape perfect ■ Mesic Oak Savanna for hiking once trails have been laid out. ■ Oak–Hickory Woodland Using the projected-habitat map as a A map of projected ■ Black Walnut Riparian Forest blueprint, TWI’s restoration team focused habitats to be restored ■ Sycamore Floodplain Forest at Hickory Hollow, on the prairie and savanna areas in 2016. based on soil analyses More than 2,200 pounds of seed made ■ Mixed Woodland and other data. up of 165 native species were scattered ■ Parking Area in January over the bare fields. The seed included common prairie species like lead- plant and cream wild indigo and also rare
2 ones like sand milkweed and clustered poppy-mallow. In the spring, 41,000 Small seedlings were planted by hand, represent- Medium ing 142 native species. Prescribed burns Large followed in late December. ! ! ! The savanna areas have required a Very Large ! different approach. Savannas are char- ! acterized by their relatively open canopy Aspen !! allowing sunlight to reach the ground, Bitternut Hickory ! ! but those portions of Hickory Hollow ! Black Oak ! ! had become dense with trees and shrubs. !. ! ! ! ! Black Walnut !! ! The first step in restoration was to thin !! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! them out. Using GPS, staff mapped all Bur Oak ! !! ! !! !! ! !! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! the native trees to be kept, coded by size Cherry ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! and species. The non-native, small, or ! Elm !!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! weedy trees not included on the map ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! Hill’s Oak ! ! !!! ! ! ! were then removed. ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! Honey Locust ! ! The remaining large trees became ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the architectural frame for the savanna Kentucky Coffeetree ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! restoration. In the fall of 2016, more !! !! ! ! Pignut Hickory ! ! ! ! ! ! than 700 saplings were planted through- ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! Red Oak ! ! ! out these zones—a younger generation ! ! !! ! ! of trees that will ultimately replace the Shagbark Hickory !!! !!! ! ! ! ! old ones and ensure healthy savanna Sycamore ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! for decades to come. Six different oak White Ash ! ! !! ! species dominated the planting, with ! White Oak ! !! ! ! !! ! hickory, pecan, American plum, prairie ! ! ! ! !! !! willow, and other native trees scattered ! !!! ! !!!! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! throughout. Nearly all the trees planted ! ! ! 0 125 250 500 feet ! ! ! !! !! ! will be excellent sources of food for ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! birds and wildlife. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! With different types of maps guiding ! the effort, restoration of Hickory Hollow is well underway. As the projected-habitat Trees to Be Retained map indicates in dark gray, though, there will be one non-native habitat there even A map of trees to be retained during thinning out of after restoration: a parking area for visitors some Hickory Hollow areas being restored to savanna. to this very different upland area of the Dixon Refuge.
3 The Calumet region, covering much of Chicago’s Southeast Side and part of northwest Indiana, was once one of the most biodiverse wetland areas in North America. In the late 19th century it began to develop into an industrial 1929 Survey hub, eventually known worldwide for its steel factories and the manufacture of Pullman train cars. A U.S. Geological Survey map from 1929 depicts the bustling area around Chicago’s Calumet Lake, marked by factory buildings, train tracks, and the residential neighborhoods where workers lived, including the famous company town of Pullman. Remnant marshes are scattered across the map, particularly between Calumet and Wolf lakes, many of which still exist. As the area’s industrial vitality declined in recent decades, conservationists began looking at the possibilities for ecological restoration. Since 2015 TWI has been working closely with Audubon Great Lakes, the Chicago Park District, and others to assess Calumet sites for their potential to be restored to hemi-marsh, to encourage the return of the many wetland-dependent bird species that once thrived in the region, such as the state- endangered Black-crowned Night-Heron. One of the assessment’s priority sites is Indian Ridge Marsh, just south of a long-closed coke-smelting plant; the marsh site is now managed by the The Illinois–Indiana Calumet Lake Quadrangle in 1929 Chicago Park District. The U.S. Army by the U.S. Geological Survey, with the area of TWI’s current Corps of Engineers previously restored Indian Ridge Marsh restoration added in green. the southern portion of Indian Ridge
4 Marsh and, in 2016, TWI began res- toration of 32 seriously degraded acres at the north end in partnership with Audubon Great Lakes. We spent much 3 ! 7 10 11 1 6 ! ! ! 12 of the year clearing the site of invasive ! ! 8 9 ! 2 ! ! 13 ! 5 !18 ! ! 22 ! 17 16 species like phragmites, as well as old 4 21 ! ! ! ! 19 ! 15 25 24 20 ! tires and other castoffs. ! ! ! !14 !23 26 29 30 ! 28 ! ! Following prescribed burns, planting ! 31 ! of native species will start in 2017. To !27 !35 34 !! 32 38 36 ! gauge the progress of the restoration ! ! 33 39 !40 ! over time, we have used GPS to establish !37 more than 50 plant monitoring points
43 around the site. TWI staff will return !41 ! 42 ! at regular intervals to these points and, !44 46 49 ! using formalized plant survey proto- ! !48 47 ! !45 cols, they’ll track the species growing at !50 each one. With steady management of invasives, the reintroduced native species !51 like nodding wild onion, swamp milk- 52 weed, and red bulrush should proliferate, !53 ! providing shelter and food for declining !54 wetland birds and other wildlife. One unique plant species native to the Calumet may be gone forever, 55 56 though. Thismia americana is the only ! ! flower endemic to Chicago. Last seen Plant Survey Points on the South Side in 1916, this low- lying, minuscule plant is thought to be 0 100 200 400 feet extinct. Ever hopeful, TWI Restoration Specialist Trevor Edmonson helped lead A map of TWI’s restoration monitoring points for surveying the the Thismia Centennial Hunt at Indian development of plant communities at Indian Ridge Marsh. Ridge Marsh in August 2016, marking the 100th anniversary of the last sighting. Sadly they didn’t find any thismia that day, but it was a great chance for plant enthusiasts to rediscover Indian Ridge Marsh and get a sense of the restoration to come.
5 In 2016 TWI completed four years of intensive restoration at Lobelia Meadows, a 160-acre parcel at Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie near Joliet, Pre-Restoration Wetlands, 2010 Illinois. Formerly a U.S. Army arsenal that produced record amounts of explosives during World War II, Midewin is now managed by the U.S. Forest Service. TWI has been partnering with the Forest Service on gradual restoration of the vast site, and Lobelia Meadows was the sixth parcel we’ve completed. The challenges of restoring Lobelia Meadows were big: Crisscrossed by roads, drain tiles, and earthen berms, the parcel was home to the sewage treatment plant that had served the army arsenal. After removal of all this infrastructure, restoring the parcel’s original hydrology and topography was TWI’s first step for the project. A TWI pre-restoration aerial map shows the parcel in 2010 with the sewage treatment plant clearly visible ■ Wetlands in the northeast corner: 41.6 acres were (41.6 acres) wetlands at the time. After hydrologic 0 250 500 1,000 feet restoration, the wetland areas had increased to almost 112 acres—even A map of Lobelia Meadows in 2010, prior to restoration, revealing more than we had anticipated in our a drained landscape with a significant manmade footprint. habitat projections.
TWI’s Prairie Champions Lobelia Meadows couldn’t have been restored without the help of lots of volunteers. In 2016, TWI recognized four corporations as “prairie champions”: The Dow Chemical Company, Ecolab, Harrah’s Joliet, and Waste Management. Over the years of restoration, employees from these companies’ local offices joined TWI staff in planting tens of thousands of seedlings, and the companies also contributed financially to the Lobelia Meadows restoration effort. Their sustained support was celebrated at a public ceremony at Midewin, followed by more planting of course!
6 With so much wetland habitat, Lobelia Meadows has ended up with a majority of plants that like “wet feet.” In both wet and ■ Wetlands dry areas, though, what makes this resto- (111.7 acres) ration special is the dolomite bedrock so close to the soil surface in many spots—in some places within 12 inches. TWI’s early soil sampling and mapping had revealed the chance to bring back globally rare dolomite prairie and wetlands here. Dolomite-adapted plants are finicky. They’re very sensitive to disturbance, slow to establish, and extremely range-restricted. As we planted various dolomite-loving species, we marked their location with GPS so as to be able to monitor their progress over time. Our plant surveys in 2016 revealed that these rare species are already naturalizing and spreading on their own at Lobelia Meadows. The federally endan- gered leafy prairie-clover in particular is thriving in the thin, rocky soils. As we turn over Lobelia Meadows to the U.S. Forest Service for long-term management, TWI’s next project at Midewin is already underway—the biggest chunk of restoration yet undertaken there. At 1,800 acres, this new seven-year project will link previously restored parcels on Midewin’s west side into a 4,000-acre corridor of Post-Restoration Wetlands, 2015 wetland and prairie habitats. Along with the Forest Service, the massive 0 250 500 1,000 feet project is anchored by several longtime Midewin supporters: the National A map of Lobelia Meadows in 2015, several years after Forest Foundation, Gaylord & Dorothy hydrologic and topographic restoration, now mostly wetlands. Donnelley Foundation, and Grand Victoria Foundation. We promise they’ll see many more maps as the new restoration unfolds.
7 The maps created for TWI’s Growing TWI’s second farm-based wetland Wetlands for Clean Water project are was installed in 2016 in Bureau County altogether different from other project by the Illinois Land Improvement maps. Instead of guiding restoration Contractors Association (ILICA). In of lost habitats, they’re blueprints for the preliminary project design, it looks constructing new wetlands on farms to rather like a kidney-shaped swimming reduce nutrient pollution. pool. In reality, once it’s planted with Designed by TWI Senior Environ- native species it will more closely mental Engineer Dr. Jill Kostel, these resemble a naturally occurring wetland, constructed wetlands remove excess and act like one too. nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff to improve water quality. Too much nitrogen and phosphorus—known M Electric Meter as nutrient pollution—is the cause of ■ Offset aquatic “dead zones.” While the Gulf 662 ● Sump/Pump 662 of Mexico’s dead zone may be the best 661 661 661 662.5 ★ Wetland/Berm Corners 660 657 658 known (and Illinois is the #1 contributor 659 Perforated 4" PVC 658 656 662 of the nutrient runoff that causes it), 661 660 660 " ■ Solid 4" PVC 4 663 dead zones are increasingly common in Invert 8” ^ 661 660 661 Inlet Pipe (10" PVC) 659 Elev 656.62 9 660 " bodies of water throughout the Midwest. ^ 657 662.5 Outlet Pipe (6" PVC) 662 662.5 15 10 Dr. Kostel describes constructed ^ 655 661 ^ 661 Temporary Tile 662
663 wetlands as a natural solution through an 16 659
660 661 ! 658 ^ Buffer (108 ft) 661 Inlet: 10” PVC DZ engineered design. In designing one, she 660 170 ft 0.12% Grade 662.5 662.5 Disconnect Tile 14 657 needs to locate the underground drain 662 ^ 659.5 660 Elev 659.5 660 664 13 658 ■ 659 Tile Lines 665 8 662.5 ^ tiles in the farm fields and calculate the ^ 664 DZ 662 666 663 659.5 ■ 664: Berm (0.24 ac) 663.5 667 659 7 662 662.5 acreage that will drain into the wetland 663.5 668 664 ^ ■ 663.5–664 (0.06 ac) 669 669 664 3 661 to determine how big it needs to be. She 670 668 662 ^ 661 660 ■ 663.5: Swale (0.04 ac) 665 671 659.5 661 needs to analyze the topography of the 660 " 657 ^ 655 666 672 662.5 " ■ 663–663.5 (0.06 ac) ^662 " site to determine the optimal shape and 667 ! Existing Tile 673 12 11 Outlet 654.55 ■ 662.5–663 (0.06 ac) 668 ^ ^ placement of the wetland. And she needs 663.5 657
660 654
669 662 669 659
670 665 663 ■ 671 666 662–662.5 (0.05 ac) 667 672 to take into account what the farmer 668 6 670 ^ ^5 wants, like the size of the buffer zone to ■ 661.5–662 (0.06 ac) 671
663
657
672 661 659 660 ■ 661–661.5 (0.05 ac) 661 656 avoid losing productive farmland. 662
673 These and other factors get integrated ■ 660.5–661 (0.07 ac) 673
662.5 662
663.5 663 into a preliminary project design. Once ■ 660–660.5 (0.06 ac) 664 665
666 660
671 667 the landowner has approved it, more ■ 659.5–660 (0.08 ac) 668 2 M 669 661 ^ BM on pole 662 detailed engineering specifications are ■ 659.5 (0.01 ac) 663 # (661.9) 670 663 ^1 drawn up to be used by the contractors ■ 659–659.5 (0.31 ac) 664 0 50 100 200 feet who will build the wetland over the ■ 658.5–659 (0.14 ac) course of several days. ■ 658–659 ■ 657–658
8 The emergent marsh vegetation in TWI is currently designing wetlands TWI’s first farm-based wetland, in- for more farmers in the Big Bureau stalled a year earlier in Bureau County, Creek Watershed, as well as in the began developing in 2016 and started headwaters of the Vermilion River to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in Livingston County, Illinois. With draining off the fields. Both constructed ag-sector partners like the Illinois Corn wetlands are being monitored for TWI Growers Association, the American by Dr. Karl Rockne of the University of Farmland Trust, and others, we’re aim- Illinois at Chicago and his team, whose ing for constructed wetlands throughout research is documenting their effective- the state’s Farm Belt—and for cleaner ness at nutrient removal. water both locally and downstream.
The preliminary project design for TWI’s second farm-based, nutrient-removing constructed wetland.
662 662
661 Normal Pool662.5 660.5 661 Temporary Tile for 661 660 Bottom Area 0.5 ac 657 Construction (124658 ft) 659 658 656 Treatment Pool 0.8 ac (659–662) 660 660 662 661 " Cut 4,124.7 cu yd 4 663 Invert 8” ^ 661 660 Fill661 2,891.9 cu yd 659 Elev 656.62 9 660 " ^ Buffer657 Area 3.01 ac 662.5 662 662.5 15 10 Critical Area Planting 1.03 ac ^ 655 661 ^ 661 662
663 16 659
660 661 ! 658 ^ 661 Outlet to Ditch
Inlet: 10” PVC DZ 660 (with Flap Gate) 170 ft 0.12% Grade 662.5 662.5 14 657Spillway: 662 ^ 659.5 660 0.2% Grade Elev 659.5 660 664 13 658Reinforced Turf 659 Length: 90’ 665 8 662.5 ^ ^ 664 DZ 662 (US-2S/C) 666 Diameter: 6636” 659.5 663.5 667 659 Elev 662 3.5 7 662 Elev662.5 654.55 66 668 664 ^ 669 669 664 3 661 670 668 662 ^ 661 660 665 671 659.5 661 660 " 657 ^ 655 666 672 Perforated 4” Tile 662.5 " ^662 " 667 (330 ft) ! Existing Tile 673 12 11 Outlet 654.55 668 Depth/Slope TBD 663.5 ^ ^
657
660 654
669 662 669 659
670 665 663 671 666
667 672 668 6 670 ^ ^5 671
663
657
672 661 659 660 656 661 Solid 4” PVC 662
673 673 (179 ft) Outlet w/ Water Control 662.5 662
663.5 663
664 Elev 659
665
666 660
671 667
668 2 M 669 661 ^ BM on pole 662 663 # (661.9) 670 663 ^1 664 0 50 100 200 feet Preliminary Design
9 Statement of Activities 2016 2015 2016 Revenue Breakdown Revenue Program grants $442,535 $357,688 Contributions 563,692 507,570 Individuals Foundations Program fees 26,276 65,395 46% 39% Miscellaneous income 56,396 132,294 $1,088,899 $1,062,947 Net assets released from restriction 736,928 536,513 Total revenue $1,825,827 $1,599,460 Expenses Program $1,352,692 $1,263,629 Administration 154,687 149,354 Fundraising 137,848 186,684 Total expenses $1,645,227 $1,599,667 Increase (decrease) in unrestricted net assets $180,600 $(207) Temporarily Restricted Net Assets Program grants $1,724,222 $576,697 Net assets released from restriction (736,928) (536,513) Corporations 9% Increase in temporarily restricted net assets $987,294 $40,184 Government Increase in Net Assets $1,167,894 $39,977 and other Net Assets at Beginning of Year 5,998,074 5,958,097 6% Net Assets at End of Year $7,165,968 $5,998,074
Statement of Financial Position 2016 2015 2016 Expense Breakdown Assets Cash, cash equivalents, and investments $1,681,754 $927,772 Grants receivable 708,717 247,500 Program Pledges receivable 1,999,589 2,155,131 82% Accounts receivable 7,955 35,444 Notes receivable 897,416 897,416 Prepaid expenses 24,484 24,699 Land and leasehold improvements 2,747,724 2,702,085 Equipment 250,978 221,476 Less—accumulated depreciation (345,034) (319,074) Total assets $7,973,583 $6,892,449