DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of Avenanthramides in Oats for Future Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of Avenanthramides in Oats for Future Applications UPTEC X 10 023 Examensarbete 30 hp November 2010 A study of avenanthramides in oats for future applications Eléne Karlberg Molecular Biotechnology Programme Uppsala University School of Engineering UPTEC X 10 023 Date of issue 2010-06 Author Eléne Karlberg Title (English) A study of avenanthramides in oats for future applications Title (Swedish) Abstract Avenanthramides are polyphenols existing exclusively in oats. Studies have shown their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferatory properties, making avenanthramides interesting therapeutic candidates for treatment of diseases with cardiovascular and dermatological origin. This study has shown a method for enrichment of avenanthramides involving steeping and germination at low pH levels, resulting in comparable amounts to the amounts found physiologically significant in previous studies in mice. Since germination at low pH levels potentially means preservation of other health beneficial compounds such as β- glucan, an application based on this method would not only contain the therapeutic effects from avenanthramides, but also the positive effects originating from β-glucan. Keywords Oats, avenanthramides, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferatory, cardiovascular disease, dermatological disease, germination, β-glucan. Supervisors Ingmar Börjesson Lantmännen Food R&D Scientific reviewer Torgny Fornstedt Uppsala University Project name Sponsors Language Security English Secret until 2012-11 Classification ISSN 1401-2138 Supplementary bibliographical information Pages 48 Biology Education Centre Biomedical Center Husargatan 3 Uppsala Box 592 S-75124 Uppsala Tel +46 (0)18 4710000 Fax +46 (0)18 471 4687 A study of avenanthramides in oats for future applications Eléne Karlberg Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Havre är ett av de vanligaste spannmålen i Sverige och förekommer både som foder åt djur och som matprodukter för människor. Havre innehåller höga nivåer av antioxidanter, vitaminer, mineraler och kostfiber som har visats sig kunna minska skadligt kolesterol i blodet, hjälpa till med insulinreglering och även sänka risken att drabbas av hjärt‐ och kärlsjukdomar. Avenantramider är ämnen i havre som fungerar som antioxidanter och studier har visat att de även besitter förmågor att bland annat minska celldelning, inflammation och klåda. Dessa egenskaper gör avenantramider till intressanta kandidater för behandling av en mängd olika sjukdomar. Det är sedan tidigare känt att halterna avenantramider ökar under en groningsprocess, det vill säga där havrekärnor utsätts för behandlingar som får dem att börja gro. Denna studie visar att pH påverkar anrikningen av avenantramider under groningsprocessen och att de högsta avenantramidhalterna fås under groning vid låga pH:n. Dessa halter är jämförbara med halter som i tidigare studier haft fysiologisk effekt i möss, vilket antyder att denna metod för anrikning av avenantramider är fullgod för skapandet av extrakt med terapeutisk potential. Vidare så medför groning vid låga pH:n lägre enzymaktivitet, vilket potentiellt innebär att andra nyttiga ämnen som annars skulle brutits ned bevaras. Havreextrakt på material som behandlats enligt den föreslagna metoden in denna studie skulle kunna inkluderas i en mängd olika applikationer för behandling av bland annat hjärt‐ och kärlsjukdomar, hudåkommor, allergier eller ingå i produkter med nutritionellt värde. Examensarbete 30 hp Civilingenjörsprogrammet i Molekylär Bioteknik Uppsala Universitet 1 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 The oat grain ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Avenanthramides .............................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Aim of project ................................................................................................................... 8 2. Materials and methods .................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Empirics ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Oat materials .................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Chemicals .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Raw seeds ......................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Freezing ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.6 Steeping .......................................................................................................................... 10 2.7 Germination .................................................................................................................... 10 2.8 Extraction of avenanthramides ...................................................................................... 10 2.9 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis ............................................ 11 2.10 Antioxidant activity assay, DPPH‐radical scavenging system ....................................... 11 2.11 Statistical analysis ......................................................................................................... 11 3. Empirics ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of avenanthramides .......................................... 12 3.2 Avenanthramides and atherosclerosis ........................................................................... 13 3.3 Avenanthramides and colloidal extracts in dermatology ............................................... 19 3.4 Bioavailability of avenanthramides ................................................................................ 22 3.5 Tranilast .......................................................................................................................... 23 4. Results from experiments .............................................................................................. 25 4.1 Germination frequency................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Influence on drying on avenanthramide amounts ......................................................... 25 4.3 Influence of pH and germination on avenanthramide amounts .................................... 26 4.4 Antioxidant activity of avenanthramides ....................................................................... 31 4.5 Statistical analysis ........................................................................................................... 33 5. Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 35 5.1 Germination frequency................................................................................................... 35 3 5.2 Influence on drying on avenanthramide amounts ......................................................... 35 5.3 Influence of pH and germination on avenanthramide amounts .................................... 36 5.4 Antioxidant activity of avenanthramides ....................................................................... 37 5.5 Physiological aspects ...................................................................................................... 38 5.6 Potential applications ..................................................................................................... 38 6. Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 40 7. Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 41 8. References ..................................................................................................................... 42 Appendix ........................................................................................................................... 46 4 1. Introduction Oats have been cultivated for more than a thousand years and are used today not only as feeding crop for animals, but also in a variety of different food products for human consumption. The main producers of oats are Finland, Germany and Sweden, with oats landing a third place as the largest crop produced in Sweden. There are many health benefits from consumption of oat based products. The high nutritional content of oats, with high levels of lipids, proteins, dietary fibers such as β‐glucan, minerals such as calcium and iron, vitamins like Vitamin E and a wide variety of antioxidants, contribute to reduce plasma cholesterol, improve glucose and insulin regulation and lower the risks for coronary heart disease. The amounts of proteins present in oats are not only higher but also of a higher quality compared to other cereals, containing the essential amino acids lysine, threonine and methionine (Bryngelsson 2002, Meydani 2009 and Skoglund 2008b). Furthermore, oats are considered to be safe for adults suffering from celiac disease, since only trace amounts of gluten protein
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ECZEMA CARE Supported by a Restricted Educational Grant from Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc
    A SUPPLEMENT TO CUTANEOUS MEDICINE FOR THE PRACTITIONER VOL. 80 NO. 6S DECEMBER 2007 NATURAL ADVANCES IN ECZEMA CARE Supported by a restricted educational grant from Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. A SUPPLEMENT TO ® CUTANEOUS MEDICINE FOR THE PRACTITIONER VOL. 80 NO. 6S DECEMBER 2007 ® Cutis Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner, December 2007, EDITOR Melissa Steiger Volume 80 Number 6S 973-206-8096 TRADEMARK: Cutis® is a registered trademark of Quadrant MANAGING EDITOR Laura A. Piserchia HealthCom Inc. 973-206-8098 PUBLISHER: Cutis® (ISSN-0011-4162) (GST #128741063) is pub- ASSISTANT EDITOR Stephanie Andersen lished monthly by Quadrant HealthCom Inc., with business offices at 973-206-8097 7 Century Dr, Suite 302, Parsippany, NJ 07054-4609; telephone 973-206-3434; fax 973-206-9378. PROOFREADER Michele V. Murray COPYRIGHT: Copyright Quadrant HealthCom Inc. 2007. All SENIOR DESIGNER Thomas La Velle rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, 973-206-9069 stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, computer, photocopying, electronic recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of CREATIVE DIRECTOR Mary Ellen Niatas Quadrant HealthCom Inc. The copyright law of the United States 973-206-8973 (Title 17, U.S.C., as amended) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. PRODUCTION MANAGER Jaime Serra 973-206-8011 PHOTOCOPY PERMISSIONS POLICY: This publication has been registered with Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), CORPORATE 222 Rosewood Dr, Danvers, MA 01923, telephone 508-750-8400. CIRCULATION DIRECTOR Donna Sickles Permission is granted for the photocopying of specified articles ® provided that the base fee is paid directly to CCC (ref.
    [Show full text]
  • Avenanthramides of Oats: Medicinal Importance and Future Perspectives Vishwas Tripathi, Anjana Singh, Mohd
    Pharmacogn. Rev. REVIEW ARTICLE A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products www.phcogrev.com | www.phcog.net Avenanthramides of Oats: Medicinal Importance and Future Perspectives Vishwas Tripathi, Anjana Singh, Mohd. Tashfeen Ashraf School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Avenanthramides (Avns) are polyphenols found exclusively in oats. Consumption of oats has been linked with a decreased risk of several important diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Avns possess an array of bioactivities including anti‑inflammation, antiproliferation, antioxidation, antipruritic, and vasodilator activities. Recently, Avns have been found to be bioavailable in humans and have reported to modulate different signaling pathways associated with cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. We document all updated and relevant literature about the medicinal benefits of Avns. These findings suggest that these polyphenols can be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of several diseases. This review summarizes the updated literature on the Avns and their future prospects in the prevention of various diseases. Key words: Avenanthramide, nutraceuticals, oats, polyphenols INTRODUCTION processing, and present in relatively high concentration in oats (up to 300 ppm).[9,12,13,18] Avn‑B biosynthesizes and metabolizes more actively Oats produce unique soluble polyphenolic amides known as than Avn‑A. Commercial processing analysis of Avn indicates that Avn‑B avenanthramides (Avns). Around 40 Avns which consist of anthranilic acid and Avn‑C remain unaffected by steaming process whereas Avn‑A gets and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives have been identified and classified reduced.[19,20] Avns are bioavailable to the blood circulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Avenanthramide Concentrations and Hydroxycinnamoyl- Coa:Hydroxyanthranilate N-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Activities in Developing Oats$
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Cereal Science 47 (2008) 101–108 www.elsevier.com/locate/jcs Avenanthramide concentrations and hydroxycinnamoyl- CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activities in developing oats$ David M. Petersona,b,Ã, Lena H. Dimbergc aCereal Crops Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 502 Walnut St., Madison, WI 53726, USA bDepartment of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA cDepartment of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Received 5 October 2006; received in revised form 15 February 2007; accepted 23 February 2007 Abstract Avenanthramides are unique components of oats (Avena sativa L.) that are described as phytoalexins and that have potential health promoting properties. The objectives of this study were to examine the avenanthramide contents and the activity of the avenanthramide biosynthetic enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHT) in spikelets and leaves of developing field-grown oats and to examine the presence of avenanthramides in unelicited seedling leaves of oats raised in a growth chamber. Avenanthramides were evident in spikelets of field-grown plants within 3–5 days after heading, and they generally increased in concentration throughout maturation. HHT activity was not detected until 21–22 days after heading, but the activity increased with age in most cultivars. In leaves, avenanthramides were evident before heading and generally increased in concentration until about 15 days after heading. At maturity, the concentrations of avenanthramides in spikelets were generally higher than in leaves. Seedling leaves from controlled environments that were not exposed to elicitors had low concentrations of avenanthramides at 7 days after planting, which increased in one cultivar, but not in another, over the next 14 days.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Extraction and Analysis of Bioactives in Oat and Barley and Scope for Use of Novel Food Processing Technologies
    Molecules 2015, 20, 10884-10909; doi:10.3390/molecules200610884 OPEN ACCESS molecules NISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review A Review of Extraction and Analysis of Bioactives in Oat and Barley and Scope for Use of Novel Food Processing Technologies Nirupama Gangopadhyay 1,2, Mohammad B. Hossain 1, Dilip K. Rai 1,* and Nigel P. Brunton 2 1 Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland; E-Mails: [email protected] (N.G.); [email protected] (M.B.H.) 2 Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +353-1-8059569; Fax: +353-1-8059550. Academic Editor: John A. Beutler Received: 7 April 2015 / Accepted: 5 June 2015 / Published: 12 June 2015 Abstract: Oat and barely are cereal crops mainly used as animal feed and for the purposes of malting and brewing, respectively. Some studies have indicated that consumption of oat and barley rich foods may reduce the risk of some chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes and cancer. Whilst there is no absolute consensus, some of these benefits may be linked to presence of compounds such as phenolics, vitamin E and β-glucan in these cereals. A number of benefits have also been linked to the lipid component (sterols, fatty acids) and the proteins and bioactive peptides in oats and barley. Since the available evidence is pointing toward the possible health benefits of oat and barley components, a number of authors have examined techniques for recovering them from their native sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Activities, Health Benefits, and Therapeutic Properties of Avenanthramides: from Skin Protection to Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases
    Hindawi Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2018, Article ID 6015351, 17 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6015351 Review Article Biological Activities, Health Benefits, and Therapeutic Properties of Avenanthramides: From Skin Protection to Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases 1,2 1,2 3 2,4 Andrea Perrelli, Luca Goitre, Anna Maria Salzano, Andrea Moglia, 3 1,2 Andrea Scaloni , and Saverio Francesco Retta 1Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy 2CCM Italia, Torino, Italy 3Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy 4Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Saverio Francesco Retta; [email protected] Received 27 April 2018; Accepted 24 July 2018; Published 23 August 2018 Academic Editor: Daria M. Monti Copyright © 2018 Andrea Perrelli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Oat (Avena sativa) is a cereal known since antiquity as a useful grain with abundant nutritional and health benefits. It contains distinct molecular components with high antioxidant activity, such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and flavanoids. In addition, it is a unique source of avenanthramides, phenolic amides containing anthranilic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid moieties, and endowed with major beneficial health properties because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. In this review, we report on the biological activities of avenanthramides and their derivatives, including analogs produced in recombinant yeast, with a major focus on the therapeutic potential of these secondary metabolites in the treatment of aging- related human diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Synergistic Effect of Methyl Jasmonate and Abscisic Acid Co-Treatment on Avenanthramide Production in Germinating Oats
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Synergistic Effect of Methyl Jasmonate and Abscisic Acid Co-Treatment on Avenanthramide Production in Germinating Oats Soyoung Kim 1,2,†, Tae Hee Kim 1,3,†, Yu Jeong Jeong 1, Su Hyun Park 1,2, Sung Chul Park 1, Jiyoung Lee 1 , Kwang Yeol Yang 3, Jae Cheol Jeong 1,* and Cha Young Kim 1,* 1 Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (T.H.K.); [email protected] (Y.J.J.); [email protected] (S.H.P.); [email protected] (S.C.P.); [email protected] (J.L.) 2 Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea 3 Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.C.J.); [email protected] (C.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5001 (C.Y.K.); Fax: +82-63-570-5009 (C.Y.K.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: The oat (Avena sativa L.) is a grain of the Poaceae grass family and contains many powerful anti-oxidants, including avenanthramides as phenolic alkaloids with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-itch, anti-irritant, and anti-atherogenic activities. Here, the treatment of germinating oats with Citation: Kim, S.; Kim, T.H.; Jeong, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or abscisic acid (ABA) resulted in 2.5-fold (582.9 mg/kg FW) and 2.8-fold Y.J.; Park, S.H.; Park, S.C.; Lee, J.; (642.9 mg/kg FW) increase in avenanthramide content, respectively, relative to untreated controls Yang, K.Y.; Jeong, J.C.; Kim, C.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Wagner, Charles Stephen
    ABSTRACT WAGNER, CHARLES STEPHEN. Evidence Based Validation of Botanical Interventions from Scotland and Medieval Wales. (Under the direction of Dr. Slavko Komarnytsky and Dr. Jillian De Gezelle.) The British Isles are a group of over 6,000 islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. From the first millennium BC onward, various tribes and invaders created a diverse cultural landscape of Celtic, Roman, and Germanic traditions, transforming the isles from barbarian outpost to world superpower. Within this hybrid landscape emerged a rich healing tradition, with a written record spanning approximately 2,000 years – from the Roman era through the Middle Ages, up until the early 20th century. This dissertation addresses the application of traditional Welsh and Scottish botanical interventions to modern health, and using current laboratory analyses, systematically evaluates specific botanicals and formulas for their potential to improve various human health outcomes. Chapter 1 overviews the history of the Celtic linguistic community within the context of plant use and comparatively examines plant species and target health conditions found in the medieval Welsh herbal Meddygon Myddfai against herbal texts from Greco-Roman, Anglo- Saxon, and continental European sources. Although the majority of the recipes were based on the Mediterranean herbal tradition, they preserved unique herbal preparation signatures and six plants could be attributed to the Celtic (Welsh) herbal tradition. This review provides, for the first time, initial evidence for traces of Celtic framework in the wider Western herbal tradition and warrants further investigations of bioactivity and clinical applications of the described plant leads. Chapter 2 examines the antibacterial potential of 83 of 138 plant species indicated in the medieval Welsh herbal Meddygon Myddfai to treat conditions related to microbial infections.
    [Show full text]
  • I EFFECTS of BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS AND
    EFFECTS OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS AND ENVIRONMENT ON GRAIN AVENANTHRAMIDE CONCENTRATION IN SPRING OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) BY DEANNA KAY MICHELS THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Crop Sciences in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019 Urbana, Illinois Master’s Committee: Emeritus Professor Frederic L. Kolb, Adviser Professor John A. Juvik Assistant Professor Santiago X. Mideros i ABSTRACT The primary marketing strategy in the oat industry is to emphasize the health benefits that oats provide to a healthy human diet. Avenanthramides (AVNs) are a group of phytochemicals, which are unique to oats among cereal grains that provide health benefits through antioxidant activity among other biological activities. While approximately forty AVNs have been identified from oat extracts, three AVNs account for the majority of the total concentration. Those three AVNs are known as AVN 2p, AVN 2f, and AVN 2c and are the focus of this research. There is currently limited information on how avenanthramides interact with pathogens, the regional genotype-by-environment interactions of AVN concentration, and the heritability of AVN concentration. This study explored the relationship between Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) and avenanthramide concentration, as well as the genotype-by-environment interaction and heritability for avenanthramide concentrations in Illinois. One hundred genotypes were evaluated for BYDV tolerance and AVN concentration to investigate if a relationship exists between the two traits. Based on the data collected in 2017 and 2018, a significant correlation between BYDV tolerance and AVN concentration was not observed.
    [Show full text]
  • Avena Sativa (Oat)-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Avena sativa (Oat)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Final Report Release Date: January 15, 2015 Panel Meeting Date: December 8-9, 2014 The 2014 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is Lillian J. Gill, D.P.A. This report was prepared by Lillian C. Becker, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington, DC 20036-4702 ph 202.331.0651 fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] ABSTRACT This is a safety assessment of Avena sativa (oat)-derived ingredients. The functions of these ingredients in cosmetics include: abrasives, antioxidant, skin-conditioning agents, absorbents, and bulking agents. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing similar constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. The Panel stated that industry should use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities and concluded that all but one of the A. sativa (oat)-derived ingredients are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration described this safety assessment when formulated to be non-sensitizing; data are insufficient to come to a conclusion of safety for avena sativa (oat) meristem cell extract.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Bibliography of Significant Advances in Dietary Supplement
    Annual Bibliography of Signifi cant Advances in Dietary Supplement Research 2004 Dietary supplements continue to be widely used by Americans. According to data published in 2004 from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 55 percent of American adults took a dietary supplement in the past month and 35 percent of these users took a multivitamin/ multimineral supplement. Given this high interest and use of dietary supplements, the Offi ce of Dietary Supplements tracks peer-reviewed publications on dietary supplements every year through the Annual Bibliography of Signifi cant Advances in Dietary Supplement Research. The Offi ce is pleased to provide this publication for the sixth consecutive year. As in past years, the Offi ce engages in a process of identifying exemplary papers on dietary supplements and disseminating this information to researchers, health professionals, and consumers. This issue contains 25 original research papers on dietary supplements that appeared in scientifi c journals in 2004. The criteria for selecting papers have not changed. The fi rst step is a comprehensive literature search that identifi es peer-reviewed journals publishing original research concerning dietary supplements. Editors of these journals and scientifi c reviewers are invited to select noteworthy papers that appeared in these and other journals. Through these efforts, 325 papers were nominated for evaluation by internationally recognized scientists to identify the top 25 scoring papers. These papers are then annotated and compiled into the annual bibliography. To help you track research developments in the fi eld of dietary supplements, citations of papers that appeared in the 2003 and 2002 issues of the bibliography are listed in the appendix.
    [Show full text]
  • In Oats – a Review
    Czech J. Food Sci., 33, 2015 (5): 399–404 Review doi: 10.17221/696/2014-CJFS Phenolic Amides (Avenanthramides) in Oats – A review Hüseyin BOZ Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Department, Tourism Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Abstract Boz H. (2015): Phenolic amides (avenanthramides) in oats – a review. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 399–404. Whole grain cereals such as oats are important sources of phenolic compounds. Oats contain phenolic amides, also named avenanthramides (AVAs), which have beneficial health properties because of their antioxidant, anti-inflamma- tory, and antiproliferative effects. The most common avenanthramides are esters of 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid with p-coumaric (AVA-A), ferulic (AVA-B), or caffeic (AVA-C) acids. The studies related to the stability of AVAs showed that AVA-B is sensitive to alkaline and neutral conditions and this sensitivity increases with higher temperatures. However, has been reported that AVA-A and AVA -C are more stable under the same conditions (alkaline and neutral conditions), and in addition that AVAs content of oats is increasing significantly with the germination process. AVAs help in preventing free radicals from damaging LDL cholesterol while AVAs-enriched extract of oats combined with vitamin C synergistically inhibited LDL oxidation in vitro. Both animal studies and human clinical trials confirmed that oats antioxidants have the potential of reducing cardiovascular risks by lowering serum cholesterol and inhibiting LDL oxidation and peroxidation. Therefore, the consumption of oats and products thereof is extremely important in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: bioactive compounds; antioxidant; antiproliferative Oats (Avena sativa L.) is a cereal consumed at 1989; Bratt et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Anticancer Profile of Avenanthramides From
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Overview of the Anticancer Profile of Avenanthramides from Oat Eleonora Turrini , Francesca Maffei, Andrea Milelli , Cinzia Calcabrini and Carmela Fimognari * Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; [email protected] (E.T.); francesca.maff[email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (C.C.) * Correspondence: carmela.fi[email protected]; Tel.: +39-0541-434-658 Received: 12 August 2019; Accepted: 10 September 2019; Published: 13 September 2019 Abstract: Cancer represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Progresses in treatment of cancer have continued at a rapid pace. However, undesirable side effects and drug resistance remain major challenges for therapeutic success. Natural products represent a valuable starting point to develop new anticancer strategies. Polyphenols, well-known as antioxidant, exert anticancer effects through the modulation of multiple pathways and mechanisms. Oat (Avena sativa L., Poaceae) is a unique source of avenanthramides (AVAs), a group of polyphenolic alkaloids, considered as its signature compounds. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive and critical perspective on the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of AVAs. AVAs prevent cancer mainly by blocking reactive species. Moreover, they exhibit potential therapeutic activity through the modulation of different pathways including the activation of apoptosis and senescence, the block of cell proliferation, and the inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastatization. AVAs are promising chemopreventive and anticancer phytochemicals, which need further clinical trials and toxicological studies to define their efficacy in preventing and reducing the burden of cancer diseases.
    [Show full text]