DUNFERMLINE CARNEGIE LIBRARY Conservation Management Plan
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DUNFERMLINE CARNEGIE LIBRARY Conservation Management Plan Simpson & Brown Architects June 2012 Front cover: Detail of 1920s carved joinery by Scott Morton and Tynecastle Ltd . (S&B) CONTENTS Page 1.0 Executive Summary 3 2.0 Introduction 4 2.1 Objectives 4 2.2 Study Area 4 2.3 Designations 6 2.4 Limitations 7 2.5 Sources of Funding 7 2.6 Structure of the Report 7 2.7 Project Team 7 2.8 Acknowledgements 7 2.9 Abbreviations 8 3.0 Understanding the Dunfermline Carnegie Library 10 3.1 History of the Site 10 3.2 5-7 Abbot Street 12 3.3 St Margaret’s House 25 3.4 Dunfermline Carnegie Library - Background 28 3.5 History of the Dunfermline Carnegie Library 30 3.6 Design Context and Development 60 3.7 Architects 64 3.8 Summary Chronology 68 3.9 The Study Area in 2012 70 3.10 Current Management of the Site 78 3.11 Dunfermline Museum, Art Gallery & Library Project 79 4.0 Assessment of Significance 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Historical Significance 81 4.3 Architectural and Aesthetic Significance 82 4.4 Archaeological Significance 83 4.5 Landscape and Ecological Significance 83 4.6 Social Significance 83 5.0 Summary Statement of Significance 84 6.0 Grading of Significance 85 6.1 Introduction 85 6.2 Graded Elements 85 Dunfermline Carnegie Library Conservation Management Plan 1 7.0 Risks & Opportunities 95 7.1 Introduction 95 7.2 Conservation and the Existing Fabric 95 7.3 Maintenance 97 7.4 Use 97 7.5 Statutory & Non-Statutory Constraints 97 7.6 Archaeological Issues 98 7.7 Safety, Vandalism & Security 98 7.8 Public & Disabled Access 99 7.9 Management 99 7.10 New Work & Alterations 100 7.11 Interiors & Furniture 101 7.12 Setting & Boundaries 101 7.13 Effects on the Environment & Climate Change 102 7.14 Interpretation & Understanding 102 7.15 Management of Information 103 8.0 Conservation Policies 104 8.1 Introduction 104 8.2 Base Policies - Conservation 105 8.3 Conservation and the Existing Fabric 106 8.4 Maintenance 108 8.5 Statutory & Non-Statutory Constraints 114 8.6 Safety, Vandalism & Security 114 8.7 Public & Disabled Access 114 8.8 Management 115 8.9 Workmanship & Advice 115 8.10 New Work & Alterations 116 8.11 Interiors & Furniture 119 8.12 Setting & Boundaries 119 8.13 Effects on the Environment & Climate Change 122 8.14 Interpretation & Understanding 122 8.15 Management of Information 123 Appendices Appendix I Listed Building Reports Appendix II A3 Drawings Appendix III History of Commercial Bank 2 Conservation Management Plan Dunfermline Carnegie Library 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Dunfermline Carnegie Library is a category B listed building on Abbot Street at the junction with St Margaret Street. This report also discusses numbers 5-7 Abbot Street, adjacent to the library and also listed at category B, and St Margaret’s House on St Margaret Street, which is unlisted. The library building consists of three main phases of construction. The first was the library as completed in 1883 – designed by J C Walker. The building was then altered and extended by J Shearer – the design and construction of this phase was interrupted by the First World War and was finally completed in 1922. The final significant phase dates to 1993 when the library was extended by the then Dunfermline District Council’s in-house architect L Dunkerley. The building is important for its social, historical and architectural associations. In addition to being a highly-valued and well-used community facility, the library has important connections to the industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, who was born in Dunfermline. Dunfermline Carnegie Library was the first library to be funded by him – the first of over two-and-a-half thousand which were constructed using grants from his charitable foundations. The Carnegie Dunfermline Trust has maintained a close relationship with the library, generously contributing to various library projects. The adjacent property of 5-7 Abbot Street is important because of its connections to the commercial history of Dunfermline. First built by the Commercial Bank of Scotland in 1838, it was later altered at the same time as the library was completed in the 1880s. Between 1905 and 1952, the building was the headquarters of the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, and it later became offices for Fife Council. Both the library and 5-7 Abbot Street are important contributing architectural features in the wider Dunfermline Conservation Area. Although of lesser architectural significance, St Margaret’s House is important for its historical and social connections, and remains an attractive feature of the conservation area and the setting of one of the approaches to Dunfermline Abbey. The overall level of significance of the study area is considerable. Elements of considerable significance should be retained and respected as part of any future redevelopment of the building. Elements of moderate significance should be retained wherever possible. It is proposed by Fife Council to extend the existing library and incorporate 5-7 Abbot Street to form a major new museum and art gallery, incorporating archive, research, local and family studies facilities, as part of a cohesive and multi-purpose public building. This conservation management plan provides an overview of the historical development of the site, followed by an assessment of the significance of the overall site and its components. From this understanding of the place, a discussion of the key issues relating to the site and a set of policies have been produced to guide future use, development and management of the building and its various parts. The previous Conservation Plan prepared in 2007 has been used to inform the design approach to the new extension and the proposed architectural interventions. Dunfermline Carnegie Library Conservation Management Plan 3 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Objectives This Conservation Management Plan has been commissioned by Fife Council Community Services as part of a wider study into the development of a new Museum and Art Gallery in Dunfermline. It examines the importance of three buildings: the Dunfermline Carnegie Library, 5-7 Abbot Street, and St Margaret’s House, and their settings. The report has been prepared to inform future development and management of the sites, and includes a condition assessment of the buildings. It has also been prepared to be included as part of funding applications to the Heritage Lottery Fund and other public funding bodies. The first part of this report comprises a review of the documentary evidence, together with a physical analysis of the building fabric. This establishes an account of the historical development of the site and the buildings. A description and analysis of the present condition and arrangement of the buildings is included, with a description of the fabric. The evidence is then considered in an assessment of cultural significance, for the site as a whole and for its various parts. The purpose of establishing the importance of the site is to identify and assess the attributes which make a building of value to our society. Once the heritage significance of the buildings and the landscape is understood, informed policy decisions can be made which will enable that significance to be retained, revealed or, at least, impaired as little as possible. A clear understanding of the nature and degree of the significance of the building and other elements of the site will not only suggest constraints on future action, it will introduce flexibility by identifying the areas which can be adapted or developed with greater freedom. 2.2 Study Area Dunfermline Carnegie Library is located on a corner site on Abbot Street and St Margaret Street. 5-7 Abbot Street is immediately to the west of the Library, between it and the historic Abbot House, now a heritage centre. Behind these two buildings is a car park, which is bounded to the south by the boundary walls of the Abbey grounds. St Margaret’s House is immediately south of the Library extension, on St Margaret Street, divided from it by a short road leading to the east gate to the grounds of Dunfermline Abbey. It sits in a former garden, now mainly given to car parking, but containing some fine trees. The garden is bounded by a low wall and railings, with a hedge. To the west, the garden is bounded by the walls of the Abbey grounds. All three buildings are owned by Fife Council. 4 Conservation Management Plan Dunfermline Carnegie Library Figure 1 Map showing location of study area, circled. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2012 Figure 2 Map showing Dunfermline Conservation Area, with location of study area circled. Fife Council/Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2007 All rights reserved. Licence number 100006772 Dunfermline Carnegie Library Conservation Management Plan 5 Figure 3 Site plan showing study area and ownership boundary, highlighted in red. Fife Council/Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2007 All rights reserved. Licence number 100006772 2.3 Designations Dunfermline Carnegie Library and 5-7 Abbot Street are listed Category B (HB No. 25979) and (HB no. 25980) respectively. St Margaret’s House is not listed. The Abbey boundary walls and railings, the gatepiers, and the toolhouse or gatehouse immediately within the gates are all listed B (HB Number 46893), with a Group Category A, with Dunfermline Abbey, New Abbey Parish Church, Nave, Gatehouse, Remains of Dorter and Reredorter, Frater Range and Palace and Kitchen. The whole site is located within the Dunfermline Town Centre Outstanding Conservation Area (2002) (see figure 2). 6 Conservation Management Plan Dunfermline Carnegie Library 2.4 Limitations No opening up was carried out as part of physical assessment of the buildings.