Trochus: Status, Hatchery Practice and Nutrition Proceed ings of a workshop held at Northern Territory University, 6-7 J une 1996 Editors: Ch an L. Lee and Peter W. Lynch Sponsor~d by: Department of Employment. Education, TllIining and Youth Affail'$, CanhclTil and Australian Centre fO!" hllcroational Agricultural Rel'elLTch, Canocrra Australian Centre for international Agricultural Research Canberra 1997 The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agri­ cultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR PROCEEDINGS This series of publications includes the full proceedings of research workshops or symposia organised or supported by ACIAR. Numbers in this series are distributed internationally to selected individuals and scientific institutions. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT 2601. Chan L. Lee and Peter W. Lynch, 1997. Trochus: Status, Hatchery Practice and Nutrition. Proceedings of a workshop held at Northern Territory University, 6--7 June 1996. ACIAR Proceedings No. 79, 185p. ISBN I 86320 203 X Cover: Technical editing by Apword Partners, Canberra, Australia. Pre-press production by Arawang Information Bureau Pty Ltd, Canberra, Australia. Printed in Australia by Watson Ferguson and Co., Brisbane - Contents Welcome 5 R. Holmes Vice-chancellor, Northern Territory University Cooperative Research into the Biology of the Topshell Trochus ni/oticus from Northern 7 Australia and Eastern Indonesia an End-of-project Rcview C. L. Lee and M. T. Toelihere A Review of Trochus Fisheries in Eastern Indonesia 14 Burhanuddin Collation of Natural History and Ethnobiological Studies Relevant to Trochus Fishing in 17 King Sound, Northwestern Australia K. L. Magro A Review of the Trochus Fishery in King Sound, Western Australia 22 C. Ostle Current Practice and Tradition Related to Trochus Fisheries in Eastern Indonesia 25 J. C. Dangeubun Design and Operation of a Land-based Closed Recirculating Hatchery System for the 27 Topshell, Trochus ni/oticus, using Treated Bore Water C. L. Lee A Hatchery for the TopshelJ (T. niloticus) in Eastern Indonesia 33 Sigil A. P. Dwiono, P.c. Makatipu and Pradina Current Status of Topshell Trochus ni/oticus Hatcheries in Australia, Indonesia and the Pacific A Review 38 C. L. Lee and M. Amos A Simplified Method of Transporting Trochus niloticus Broodstock over Long Distances for Spawning 43 C. L. Lee and C. Ostle Reproductive Biology of Trochus niloticus L. from Maluku, Eastern Indonesia 47 Pradina, S. A. P. Dwiono. P. E. Makatipu and Z. Arafin The Reproductive Cycle of Trochus niloticus in King Sound, Western Australia 52 R. Gimin and C. L. Lee Preliminary Studies of the Induced Spawning of Trochus niloticus (Linnaeus) Using Artificial Stimuli 60 G. Dobson Early Development and Growth of Juvenile Trochus nilolicus Reared Under Different Salinities 64 R. Gimin and C. L. Lee Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Oxygen Consumption and Survival of Hatchery-reared 69 Juvenile TopshelJ Trochus niloticus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) S. K. Yi and C. L. Lee Effects of Different Substrata on the Growth Rate of Early Juvenile Trochus niloticus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) 76 R. Gimin and C. L. Lee A Report on Collections of Benthic Marine Algae from Darwin, Northern Australia 81 M. J. Wynne and J. Luong-Van Thinh Chemical Composition of Algae for Use in Trochus niloticus Studies 88 S. M. Renaud. G. Lambrinidis, J. Luong-Van Thinh and D. L. Parry - 3 Fatty Acid Composition and Proximate Biochemical Composition of Wild and Hatchery-held 97 Broodstock of the Marine Topshell, Trochus niloticus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) F. Rebhung. S. M. Renaud, D. L. Parry and C. L. Lee Food Preference of Trochus niloticus Fed Algae from Darwin Harbour 104 G. Lambrinidis, 1. Luong-Van Thinh and S. Renaud Preliminary Investigation of an Artificial Diet for the Marine Topshell, Trochus niloticus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) 109 S. M. Renaud. M. Djafar and D. L. Parry Fatty Acid Composition Characteristic of Trochus niloticus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Fed on 114 Naturally Growing Microalgae in an Aquaculture System F. Rebhung, S. M. Renaud. D. L. Parry and C. L. Lee The Growth of Juvenile Trochus niloticus Fcd on Algae 118 G. Lambrinidis. l. Luong-Van Thinh and S. Renaud A Study of Density. Abundance and Distribution of Juvenile Trochus and Associated 124 Small Molluscs in Kei Besar Island. Indonesia J. C. Dangeubun and S. Haumahu Catch History of Trochus in King Sound, Northwestern Australia, Between 1980 and 1995 131 K.L. Magro Estimating the Total Habitat and Biomass of Trochus in King Sound. Northwestern Australia 143 K. L. Magro Establishing a Relationship Between Habitat and Abundance of Trochus in King Sound, 150 Northwestern Australia K.L. Magro Management Policy for Trochus Fishery in the Pacific 164 M. l. Amos The Potential of Reseeding with Juveniles as a Tool for the Management of Trochus Fisheries 170 T. P. Cro}"'e, M. J. Amos and C. L. Lee Potential of Remote Sensing Data for Identifying Trochus Reseeding Sites 178 W. Ahmad and G. Hill - 4 Overview of Trochus Project It gives me great pleasure to address the Trochus End-of-project Workshop. This project, funded by the Department of Employment, Education and Training (DEET) under the Targeted Institutional Links (TIL) Program, was a direct result of the Northern Territory University (NTU) Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) with universities in the eastern Indonesian region. The project has provided an excellent example of the mutual benefits that can be achieved from the MOC, not only for the universities involved but for the community and the region. In this instance NTU has been working with the University Nusa Cendana (UNDANA) in Kupang. Two Indonesian staff from UNDANA have been involved in the Phase 1 Trochus Hatchery and Nutrition Project, Dr Felix Rebhung, a postdoctoral fellow working on trochus nutrition and Mr Ricky Gimin, undertaking a Master of Science with a scholarship provided by AUSAID, working on trochus reproduction and hatchery studies_ As part of the project, Dr Rebhung and Mr Gamin respectively undertook research at NTU for approximately 12 and 24 months. Milestones of the Project Program! Literature review and dissemination of information. Result Successfully completed: a compendium of selected reprints on trochus was published. Program 2 Maturation, spawning and juvenile production. Result Successfully completed: a state-of-the-art hatchery was developed for spawning and producing juvenile trochus. Program 3 Use of microalgae and seaweeds as food. Result Seaweeds in Darwin Harbour were identified and tested. Program 4 Nutritional requirements of trochus. Result Nutritional value and requirements of the trochus were determined. In addition to these activities, the project also conducted two fellowship training courses for staff from UNDANA and a training workshop for the Aboriginal communities in King Sound, Western Australia. The success of this project led to the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) funding a second phase of the trochus project, ' Reef reseeding research of the topshell Trochus niloticus in northern Australia, eastern Indonesia and the Pacific' in July 1995, a year before the completion of the phase I project. Phase I of the project had an operating grant of $250 000. A total budget of $1.49 million was committed to Phase 2 with the entire cash component of $680000 being contributed by ACIAR. Phase 2 commenced in July 1995 and is due for comple­ tion in June 1998. The project leader, Dr Chan Lee, Senior Lecturer in Aquaculture, said that stock enhancement of wild fisheries with hatch­ ery-produced seeds is one of the most exciting and difficult areas of research at present. With the world capture fishery at a standstill, stock enhancement via aquaculture could be a possible solution to overcoming the dwindling seafood supply in the 21st century. I would like personally to thank you for the invitation to open this workshop; this is certainly an exciting and relevant research project, and I congratulate Dr Chan Lee and all those involved. R.Holmes Vice-Chancellor Northern Territory University 5 Cooperative Research into the Biology of the Topshell Trochus niloticus from Northern Australia and Eastern Indonesia-an End-of-project Review C. L. Lee* and M. T. Toeliheret Abstract Four research programs involving (a) literature review, (b) spawning, hatchery system development and ju­ venile production, (c) use of microalgae and sea weeds as food and (d) nutritional studies were implemented as part of the cooperative research on trochus, TrQchus nilolicus, involving Australia and eastern Indonesia. During the three-year project, a closed recircuIating hatchery system using saline bore water was success­ fully developed for spawning and producing juvenile trochus at the Northern Territory University (NTU). The trochus life-cycle was successfully closed in the NTU hatchery in early 1996. In the same period, the nutritional value of (a) adult trochus, (b) hatchery-reared trochus up to 18 months old and (c) 17 species of macroalgae and mixed diatoms were studied. As part of the nutritional study, the types and occurrence of different species of macroalgae found in Darwin and Kupang harbours were determined. Preliminary trials indicated that some of the macroalgae may have potential as feed for juvenile trochus. The success of the research work led to the project's receiving additional funding from the Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research to expand the work into a larger regional project involving reef reseeding research with hatchery-produced juveniles in Australia, Indonesia and Vanuatu. THE research project 'Cooperative research into the NTU biology of the topshell Trochus niloticus from north­ ern Australia and eastern Indonesia', commonly DrC.