Dispositivi minimi di progetto per la green city riferimenti ed esempi orti ovali di Nærum, Danimarca, Carl Theodor Sørensen GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

<< ... gli elementi della biodiversità e sistemi organizzati riconducibili al capitale naturale, di qualsiasi area urbana, di pregio o degradata, inclusi i singoli dispo- sitivi tecnologici facenti leva sulla biodiversità integrati nell’ambiente costru- ito, quali a titolo di esempio i tetti verdi e le pareti vegetate, le pavimentazioni permeabili, i “rain garden” e gli altri sistemi di raccolta e gestione delle acque meteoriche, atti a promuovere attraverso la fornitura di servizi ecosistemici la tutela ambientale, la fattibilità economica, il benessere, l’equità e l’inclusione sociale. >>

Andreucci, M.B., Riflessioni per un’economia del Paesaggio. Position paper AIAPP Associazione Italiana di Architettura del Paesaggio, convegno nazionale AIAPP: “Progetto di Paesaggio: motore di sviluppo economico”, Roma, 13 dicembre 2013. origini_EMERALD NECKLACE (1860, )_Frederick Law Olmsted

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R O o ng A in E P W C 18 ill Y e A RW entr B t. to v d AY Emerald Necklace offers beautiful paths that are convenient to e St. R e S W n e. P c 19 RIVERWAY . ilgrim A rin t oo P St. S Rd d w different neighborhoods. Here are a few suggestions. r s . cha B i g r y n O J WHEELOCK FENWAY d. n A nc o Distances are approximate. R AY a ne L COLLEGE r M M W r 14 AICA F C r MISSION te o P BACK OF s o n J r er S 12 PARK mm A ai THE HILL . M Y k t. LONGWOOD MEDICAL & ACADEMIC AREA LANDMARK 13 Du A n i G A . n REEN ICAW e S. Huntington INCLUDING BRIGHAM AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL, CENTER o e s t St Public Garden, at Charles St., to Charlesgate East: o St. v S S BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER, n i t. HEATH C l t. D w s A . Y E e CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL BOSTON LINE e h e d Av #39 GREEN E LINE EMMANUEL A roundtrip 2.5 miles n . n al a o t t t ug g COLLEGE e n W B t r S i o t t h CHARLES Bu o e r n s u N IVE y r d H OLMSTED A 10 St . l s S E s u n R ch t v s B F on Loop (Endpoints: Boylston Bridge & Ave Louis o 31 . e D B e P ro y HARVARD MEDICAL . Lo S ok RIVER K li S FENWOOD SCHOOL LONGWOOD t. ne A Pasteur): roundtrip 1.6 miles t. C PARK R ve. S u s ROAD A Y t t P . er Jo C A A entre S HARVARD SCHOOL ve. Louis J t P s S . aste a OF PUBLIC HEALTH ur Riverway Loop (Fenway T Station to Netherlands Road): W ep t BOSTON R m . #39 BRIGHAM FENWAY KENMORE h . LATIN a e St FENWAY roundtrip 11 O i tr 1.5 miles c CIRCLE S Cen SCHOOL SIMMONS PARK B a t . GREEN E LINE COLLEGE ! S R .

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. COLLEGE OF A S Leverett Pond Loop (Good for families with small children): PHARMACY AND M h t HEALTH SERVICES A a S e ISABELLA roundtrip .7 mile JAMAICA PLAIN BACK BAY FENS S H MISSION HILL STEWART P PA I ARNOLD MASSART GARDNER K CHARLESGATE MUSEUM 25 R E W Circumference: 1.5 miles K gate So C EVANS WAY D rles ut . e LONGWOOD n PARK R Cha ARBORETUM . h St t MEDICAL AREA I St . t r V St St n S e E , Hunnewell Bldg. to Peter’s Hill Summit : . th B 13 10 e u S g o n e e E S t. GREEN E LIN n a r o a c t roundtrip 3.5 miles r o G s F P E n yl N Charlesgate S s A o i W 26 30 32 t g . B E A a Y 28 s 31 . Walking Loop: 2.5 miles ROSLINDALE Lou 27 s i e Washington St. z v GREEN LINE MU R A ORANGE LI SEUM s NE OF d as Hyde Pa . rk Ave. MUSEUM OF FINE MUDDY M FOREST FINE ARTS ARTS 29 RIVER HILLS ORANGE LINE ay W B . J ORANGE LINE WENTSWORTH h o am W t y St ash INSTITUTE y ls d es Case ing s ton OF TECHNOLOGY r to for J St o n e . S . GREEN F r t FOREST HILLS ORANGE LINE St. S e . or ay W t H y STONY Hu menw . St r He r ow O NORTHEASTER . BROOK N n e HYNES t te t st s S v UNIVERSITY ing D e ce GR l r r r t a u . t. o C p E n n lo S EN o a JACKSON d we A m G s ROXBURY s E v o s SQUARE e A mo e L T l IN . CROSSING ( v g E A e nw g v e . u nu e R e al of t e. th v Av . h A d e s . s GR e. 33 COMMONWEALTH SHEA R Ar a T M E CIRCLE y Rd r t EN LINE MT. HOPE W emo s) e a l e t. sh . NORTHEASTERN r S ing ve n . ton A t BOSTON ok St. bus St St AVENUE MALL o mo FRANKLIN . m ORANGE SYMPHONY r s ms u ld s ia ol ie E B C HALL f

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. P o o P nd re Sch Wa MASS AVE. la sh PRUDENTIAL C FOREST ingt 8 o BOSTON 7 n S . C t. PUBLIC t. HILLS ir S St c LIBRARY y l . ui FISHER il t LEMUEL t W le CEMETERY S ALKIN D 1 aln e COLLEGE H SHATTUCK W G ri u COPLEY GRE rk n LO ve t A e k v ORANGE LINE B ARTHUR l to HOSPITAL O e. a r P EN FIEDLER o 2 L CHARLES W I FOOTBRIDGE M TRINITY NE /MGH C CHURCH ante t. rbu S ry S on t. Har BACK BAY B gt old St o 36 lin . MAP PRODUCED NOVEMBER 2012 yl r ED LINE ! R LEGEND st A o n 3 Pa S rk Vie t. A w St. me 38 BEACON ri MBTA STATION ca Hum PAVED PATHWAYS SIGNAL-PROTECTED CROSSWALK n boldt A 40 HILL Le PARK SCARBORO 6 ve. (www.mbta.com) g VEHICLES io POND ARLINGTON 37 Be W n C ONLY CAUTION – UNPROTECTED CROSSWALK 39 e H a UNPAVED PATHWAYS a st i n 9 ! co gh t MBTA TRACKS ABOVE GROUND Ma w er n St a b t. in y S . u P s BOSTON S r VISTA PUBLIC e t. y O SUGGESTED BIKE ROUTE IN PARK l ar S O h t L PARKING . FRANKLIN C G RESTROOMS 42 COMMON N PARK GARDEN W I K SUGGESTED WALKING ROUTE MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON L 43 STATE HOUSE A A ZOO Regulations: Please see posted regulations because SOUTH END L W El NATURE K m Hill I Ave. TOT LOT PLAYGROUND they vary from park to park. In most of the parks, dogs N SUGGESTED BIKE ROUTE ON STREET 41 44 CENTER G (Assuming travel from Arlington Street towards Franklin Park) must be on leash. ORANGE LINE L SUFFOLK MATTAPAN O . OP PICNIC AREA EMERSON t UNIVERSITY t. GOLF COURSE S S COLLEGE 46 n American Legion Highwa ark M PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE 45 P rto aple St. CAFE (Franklin Park & Arnold Arboretum only) nt St. BOYLSTON H Mo y Tremo PARK STREET arv CHURCH ard St. PARK ST. 0 .25 Mile .5 Mile .75 Mile 1 Mile . t ORANGE S 4 LINE r 5 e GOV’T v a CHINATOWN e NEW ENGLAND CENTER S Blue Hill Ave. MEDICAL CENTER DOWNTOWN CROSSING

ve. CHINATOWN Blue Hill A DORCHESTER RED LINE STATE PARK FEATURES

1 White Stadium 6 Schoolmaster Hill: Named for Ralph Waldo Emerson 12 Larz Anderson Bonsai Collection: See the oldest 16 Pinebank Promontory: A peaceful spot in this 21 Leverett Pond: Leverett Pond is a fi ne example 26 James P. Kelleher Rose Garden: Designed by 30 Fenway Victory Gardens: Victory Gardens were 35 William Lloyd Garrison Statue: Publisher of 41 Central Burying Ground: Purchased in 1756 and who lived near this site in the 1820s when he was a and smallest trees at the Arboretum. Open mid-April to busy park, the promontory’s stunning views across the of Olmsted’s skill combining landscape, water, and landscape architect Arthur Shurcliff in the 1920s, this cultivated during World War II to ease demand on wartime “The Liberator” and founder of the New England Anti- added to the Common in 1839, this is the fi nal resting 2 Overlook Shelter Ruins: Originally a fi eld house, it schoolteacher in Roxbury. This hidden spot has picnic early November. Pond and cooling breezes through tall pines made it an structure into his designs. Islands were created to provide garden was restored by the City of Boston and the Emerald food supply. The Fenway gardens are among the few to Slavery Society, Garrison was a powerful voice in the place for Revolutionary War soldiers and many others. was one of the few structures Olmsted ever designed. The tables, century-old white pines, and offers a spectacular attractive site for three successive mansions in the 1800s. both visual interest and waterfowl breeding area. Necklace Conservancy. Combining the best of old and new remain in continuous cultivation. To day, 500 plots are tended abolitionist movement. Olin Levi Warner, Sculptor site was the home to Elma Lewis’ Playhouse in the Park in view across the park and to the Blue Hills beyond. 13 Hunnewell Building: This building houses admin- Today, a granite outline marks the footprint of the last roses, today’s garden includes over 1,500 plants representing by community gardeners and feature a bounty of fl owers 42 Soldiers and Sailors Civil War Monument: the ’60s and ’70s, and jazz greats, including Duke Ellington, istrative offi ces, a horticultural library, restrooms, and mansion that stood here. 22 Bellevue Street Bridge 200 different varieties. and vegetables. 36 Alexander Hamilton Statue: Hamilton, a Founding Martin Milmore, Sculptor performed here. 7 The Wilderness: A 65-acre native oak forest with a visitor center with maps, seasonal exhibitions, and Father who also started the central banking system, meandering paths and huge Roxbury puddingstone knowledgeable staff to help make the most of your visit. 17 Ward’s Pond: This secluded pond is a glacial “kettle- Chapel Street Bridge Area/Historic Bridle 27 War Memorials 31 Boylston Bridge: Designed by prominent 19th-century welcomes visitors to the Mall between Arlington and 43 Frog Pond: Site of 1848’s “Water Celebration”inaugurating 3 The Playstead: A large, active sports area that outcroppings, the Wilderness is a picturesque landscape Weekday building access for restrooms begins at 9:00am; hole” formed at the end of the last ice age. A serene, 23 Paths: Bridges played a key role in all of Olmsted’s work, architect H. H. Richardson, this bridge is constructed of Berkeley streets. Dr. William Rimmer, Sculptor the city’s public water system, today the pond serves as a accommodates basketball, tennis and many fi eld sports. and a good example of urban woodlands. closed holidays. Visitor Center hours: November through heavily wooded area, the visitor fi nds a quiet wilderness, not only along rivers, but everywhere that he sought to 28 Japanese Bell: Found on a scrap heap in Yo kosuka, this Cape Ann granite. Projecting bays offer sweeping views skating rink in the winter and a supervised wading pool in the March: noon–4:00pm, April through October, 11:00am– steps from the surrounding city. separate different modes of transportation. The Chapel beautiful bronze 17th-century temple bell was brought across the Fens. 37 9/11 Memorial summer. The Tadpole Playground is nearby. 4 : Founded in 1912, the zoo’s 72 8 The 99 Steps/Ellicott Arch 6:00pm; closed Wednesdays (617.384.5209). Library hours: Street Bridge separated walkers above from the bridle back by sailors on the USS Boston in 1945. In 1953, the acres are home to lions, tigers, giraffes, and more. Visitors Monday–Friday, 10:00am–3:45pm (617.522.1086). 18 Wildfl ower Meadow: Once the site of an indoor ice path below. 32 Leif Eriksson Statue 38 George Washington Statue: Thomas Ball, Sculptor 44 Shaw Memorial: This honors the 54th Regiment of to the signature Tropical Forest can stand face-to-face with Scarboro Pond and Hill skating rink, the meadow now offers unique habitat for Japanese government announced that the bell should the Massachusetts infantry. Led by Colonel Robert Gould 9 remain in Boston as a gesture of peace. the Zoo’s seven gorillas at one of fi ve glass viewing stations. 14 Jamaica Pond Boathouse/Bandstand: Built in butterfl ies, bees, and other pollinators. 24 Round House Shelter 33 Boston Women’s Memorial: Mayor Thomas M. Menino 39 Swan Boats: These iconic pedal boats fi rst appeared on Shaw, the 54th was the fi rst free black regiment in the Heroic statues by Daniel Chester French fl ank the north Peters Hill: The highest point in the Emerald Necklace, 1912, these Tu dor-style structures add a rustic element reserved the site for a women’s memorial in 1992. The the Lagoon in 1877. Designed by Robert Paget, they are Union. Bronze relief by Augustus Saint-Gaudens. Granite frame 10 Shattuck Emerald Necklace Visitor Center: entrance. $ www.franklinparkzoo.org Peters Hill (240 feet) offers spectacular views of Jamaica to the pond. Visitors can rent sailboats or rowboats to 19 Daisy Field: Olmsted originally designed this as a large Athletic Facilities:The Joseph Lee Playground area 29 Boston Women’s Commission selected Abigail Adams, still owned and operated by the Paget Family. $ and terrace by Charles F. McKim Plain, Roslindale, and the Boston skyline. enjoy unique views of the park or simply drift on the meadow surrounded by woods. Today, playing fi elds serve 25 Designed by H. H. Richardson in 1882, the building is one Lucy Stone, and Phillis Wheatley as exemplary fi gures. features softball, soccer, lacrosse, football, basketball and a Meredith Bergmann, Sculptor 5 William J. Devine Golf Course: Originally a sheep water (www.courageoussailing.org). The Bandstand is home community groups for little league, softball, soccer and recreational running track. One of the diamonds is named of a pair that housed the gates used to regulate the Stony 40 Make Way for Ducklings Sculpture: Mrs. Mallard 45 Brewer Fountain meadow in Olmsted’s design, this 18-hole facility is the Explorers Garden: The area around the Chinese Path to numerous recreational, educational, and cultural touch football. Brook’s fl ow into the Fens. This gatehouse, no longer in and her eight ducklings were created as a tribute to 11 in honor of Roberto Clemente — the fi rst Latin American Samuel Eliot Morison Statue: This scholar, educator, second oldest public golf course in the country. Open year has long been used by researchers to test the hardiness activities. The Boathouse is open April 1 through Veteran’s Day. elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. operation, was converted in 2010 to a visitor center and 34 Robert McCloskey, author of a children’s book about 46 Visitors’ Center and Park round, weather permitting. $ 617.265.4084 of new plants gathered from around the world by plant 20 Allerton Overlook: This semi-circular walk descends offi ces of the Emerald Necklace Conservancy. and maritime historian was the Pulitzer-prize winning ducks that live in the Public Garden’s Lagoon. Nancy Schön, Ranger Station: Maps, tourist information, and rest- explorers. Don’t miss rare and unusual plants like the 15 Parkman Memorial: Daniel Chester French, Sculptor into the park and provides scenic views of the banks and author of the “Oxford History of the United States” (1927) Sculptor rooms. This also marks the start of the Freedom Trail ®. dove tree, paperbark maple, or Franklinia. islands of Leverett Pond. and “The Oxford History of the American People” (1965). Hours: Monday–Saturday, 8:30 am–5pm; Sunday 10am–6pm Penelope Jencks, Sculptor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E-ygn0-2r4 origini_PROSPECT PARK (1873, Brooklyn)_Frederick Law Olmsted https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBCId465O5U origini_GARDEN CITY (1898, Tomorrow, a paceful path to real reform)_Ebenezer Howard

MULTIFUNZIONALITÀ Capacità delle green infrastructure di svolgere varie funzioni ecosistemiche e di produrre molteplici benefici integrati dal punto di vista ecologico-ambientale e socio-economico.

CONNETTIVITÀ Relazione, attraverso reti e matrici, tra differenti caratteristiche del paesaggio urbano, senza riguardo alla dimensione, alla composizione o alla forma.

TRANSCALARITÀ Efficacia delle green infrastructure nel fornire benefici da servizi ecosistemici, senza che l’entità di questi sia dipendente dalla scala dell’intervento.

Andreucci, M.B., Progettare Green Infrastructure. Tecnologie, valori e strumenti per la resilienza urbana, Architettura Edilizia Sostenibilità, Wolters Kluwer, Milano 2017, pg. 62 mitigazione clima urbano

GREEN miglioramento qualità dell’aria INFRASTRUCTURE

gestione dei rischi da allagamento MITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO

La scelta delle migliori soluzioni progettuali deve tener conto di: - Temperatura dell’aria - Velocità, direzione e intensità del vento - Temperatura delle superfici - Umidità relativa - Temperatura media radiante - Caratteristiche geometriche, fisiche, - Temperatura fisiologica equivalente visive e termiche dei luoghi. V. Dessì, Progettare il comfort degli spazi pubblici, pg. 12 (sx) pg. 20 (sopra) MITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO_naturalizzare lo spazio pubblico La progettazione deve essere ragionata sul PROFILO D’USO STAGIONALE degli spazi.

CALDO: ombreggiamento e raffrescamento

FREDDO: protezione dello spazio aperto dai venti freddi e dalla pioggia, massimizzazione dell’esposizione solare

[RUMORE: in generale non ha stagione] MITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO_permeabilizzare le superfici I suoli sono in grado di stoccare grandi quantità di carbonio e, se integri, posso- no assicurare il corretto funzionamento del ciclo delle acque

limitare il compattamento e l’impermeabilizzazione dei suoli

favorire l’uso di materiali porosi e permeabili es. ghiaie, griglie inerbite, superfici a prato, ...

ri-permeabilizzare superfici impermeabili non più necessarie MITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO_vegetare l’involucro degli edifici orizzontale -> green roofs/tetti verdi verticale -> green facades/facciate verdi

concorre a diminuire gli effetti dell’isola di calore

migliora anche l’isolamento del fabbricato

N.B. preferire soluzioni a basso impatto ecologico ed economico MIGLIORAMENTO DELLA QUALITÀ DELL’ARIA_sequestrare e stoccare gli inquinanti

preferire: un mix di varietà arboree-arbustive-erbacee locali le specie tolleranti agli stress idrici

contenere: le piantumazioni monospecifiche le specie allergeniche le specie maggiormente soggette a malattie e infestazioni

MIGLIORAMENTO DELLA QUALITÀ DELL’ARIA_ridurre il rischio di allergie GESTIONE DEI RISCHI DA ALLAGAMENTO mitigazione degli effetti dati dall’eccesso di acqua mitigazione dei fenomeni di siccità attraverso il ripristino ambientale delle aste fluviali

GREEN BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE GESTIONE DEI RISCHI DA ALLAGAMENTO_incrementare l’infiltrazione naturale delle acque nei suoli GESTIONE DEI RISCHI DA ALLAGAMENTO_diminuire il ruscellamento

trincee drenanti

bacini di bio-ritenzione

stagni e sistemi di fitodepurazione, es. rain garden

tetti verdi

facciate verdi ALCUNI ESEMPI ROSE FITZGERALD KENNEDY GREENWAY_Boston, 2008

Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge

NORTH STATION/ TD GARDEN

NORTH END BULFINCH TRIANGLE

Salem Street

HAYMARKET

North Street New Sudbury Street Cross Street

Fulton Street

e nu e v A ic t Christopher n la North End Parks Surface Artery Commercial Street t Columbus A Park Armenian Heritage Park

Clinton Street

Harbor Park Pavilion

Quincy Market Boston City Hall Faneuil BEACON GOVERNMENT Hall AQUARIUM HILL CENTER State Street

State Street Rings Fountain New England Aquarium STATE STREET Custom House Central St State A Milk Street t House l a

n

t i c

A India Street v e

n

u

e

East India Row

Broad Street

High Street

PARK STREET Wharf District Parks

Urban Arboretum Oliver Street FINANCIAL

DOWNTOWN DISTRICT CROSSING Pearl Street Northern Avenue Foot Bridge

Congress Street

Evelyn Moakley Bridge

To Institute of Contemporary Art, World Trade Center, Purchase Street Federal Courthouse Summer Street Ft. Point Channel Parks Dewey Square Plaza Congress Street

Atlantic Avenue

CHINATOWN Lincoln Street Essex Street Dewey Square Park Summer Street THEATER d SOUTH STATION Children’s a o Museum DISTRICT R e c a f r u S

CHINATOWN Beach Street LEATHER DISTRICT SOUTH BOSTON WATERFRONT Mary Soo Hoo Park

SOUTH STATION Chinatown Park BUS TERMINAL

0 100 200 300 400 feet

The Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway

Spring 2010

HIGH LINE_New York, 2009-2014, Diller Scofidio + Renfro/James Corner Field Operations

SIMON AND HELEN DIRECTOR PARK_Portland, 2009, The Olin Studio

CENTRO CULTURALE ELSA MORANTE_Roma, 2010, LC-Architettura

THE AVENUE_Washington, 2011, studio Sasaki

DISPOSITIVI MINIMI?

M.T. Salomoni, Gli alberi e la città, pg. 20 GREEN ROOFS SCHOOL OF ART, DESIGN AND MEDIA - NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY_Singapore, 2006, CPG Consultants PTE LTD GARY COMER YOUTH CENTER_Chicago, 2006, Hoerr Schaudt Landsca- pe Architects

ORTI ALTI_Torino https://www.lastampa.it/tuttogre- en/2019/06/04/news/new-york-passa-la- legge-che-impone-i-tetti-verdi-1.36538390 GREEN FACADES

CAIXAFORUM_Madrid, 2008, Herzog & de Meuron - Patrick Blanc TRUSSARDI CAFÈ_Milano, 2008, Carlo Ratti Associati ASSI VIARI WATER SENSITIVE ZOMERHOF / AGNIESE DISTRICT_Rotterdam, 2015, De Urbanistein

WATER SQUARES, AREE “ANTI-ALLUVIONE” WATER SQUARE BENTHEMPLEIN_Rotterdam, 2011, De Urbanistein

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=226&v=kujf4BTL3pE&feature=emb_logo QUARTIERE SAN KJELD, TASINGE PLADS_Copenhagen, 2016, Tredje Nature

ORTI URBANI E SPAZI LEGATI ANCHE AL CIBO AGRIHOOD_Detroit, 2011

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZeKXInnt1U

ORTI DIPINTI_Firenze

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=96&v=SCF3bndrkAI&feature=emb_logo LAFAYETTE GREENS_Detroit, 2012

https://vimeo.com/283154965 OLTRE IL GIARDINO_Pordenone, 2013-2017 RIVERPARK FARM_New York L’ORTO E LA LUNA_Udine NAERUM ALLOTMENT GARDENS_ Nærum, 1952, Carl Theodor Sørensen Bibliografia: - M.B. Andreucci, Progettare Green Infrastructure. Tecnologie, valori e strumenti per la resilienza urbana, Architettura Edilizia Sostenibilità, Wolters Kluwer, Milano 2017 - M.F. Palestrino (a cura di), Spazi spugna. Esperienze di pianificazione e progetto sensibili alle acque, Collana Urbana, Clean Edizioni, Napoli 2014 - V. Dessì, E. Farnè, L. Ravanello, M.T. Salomoni, Rigenerare la città con la natura. Strumen- ti per la progettazione degli spazi pubblci tra mitigazione e adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici, Guide interdisciplinari REBUS, Maggioli Editore, Santarcangelo di Romagna 2017 (2 ed.) - V. Dessì, Progettare il comfort degli spazi pubblici, Rebus, Quaderno 08 - M.T. Salomoni, Gli alberi e la città, Rebus, Quaderno 07 - M. Baccichet, Agricoltura urbana e giardini condivisi in riva al Noncello, Olmis, Pordenone 2017 - A. Calori e A. Magarini (a cura di), Food and the cities. Politiche del cibo per città sosteni- bili, Edizioni Ambiente, Milano 2015 - Coltiviamo paesaggi https://issuu.com/paesaggioer/docs/coltiviamo_paesaggi_web - Gramigna map http://www.gramignamap.it/ - Ortipertutti. Nuovi orti a Bologna https://issuu.com/urbancenterbologna/docs/ortipertut- ti_digitale - F. Cognetti, S. Conti, V. Fedeli, D. Lamanna, C. Mattioli, La terra della città. Dall’agricoltura urbana un progetto per la città, 2012 http://www.ortianimati.com/Terracitta_Report.pdf

- F. Panzini, Per i piaceri del popolo. L’evoluzione del giardino pubblico in Europa dalle origi- ni al XX secolo, Zanichelli, 1993 - F. Panzini, Progettare la natura. Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all’e- poca contemporanea, Zanichelli 2005 [email protected]