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Advancing Normalization Between Kosovo and Serbia
ADVANCING NORMALIZATION BETWEEN KOSOVO AND SERBIA ADVANCING NORMALIZATION BETWEEN KOSOVO AND SERBIA Council for Inclusive Governance New York, 2017 Contents 4 Preface and Acknowledgments 7 Comprehensive Normalization 11 Parliamentary Cooperation 22 Serb Integration and Serb Albanian Relations 32 Challenges of Establishing the Association/Community 39 Serbia’s Internal Dialogue on Kosovo © Council for Inclusive Governance 2017 3 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Almost twenty years after the war in Kosovo, resolution of the Kosovo-Serbia conflict remains a piece of unfinished business in the Balkans. The process is entering a critical stage. An agreement on comprehensive normalization or a peace treaty under which both sides will commit to mutual respect, peaceful co- existence and hopefully cooperation is within reach. Comprehensive normalization with Kosovo is an obligation for Serbia’s accession to the European Union and is also needed by Pristina in order to move forward. It is unclear, however, what is the most efficient way of getting there. It is not clear how to produce a document that will be acceptable to both sides and a document in the spirit of win-win rather than of win-lose. Since 2010, Serbia and Kosovo have been on a quest to normalize their relations. In Brussels, in 2013, their prime ministers reached the first agreement of principles governing normalization of relations. Implementation deadlines were agreed upon as well. However, five years later the agreement remains to be implemented in full, most notably the provisions on establishing the Association/Community of Serb-Majority Municipalities and on energy. Kosovo’s institutions are not fully functioning in Kosovo’s predominantly ethnically Serb north and Serbia’s parallel administrative institutions continue their existence across Kosovo. -
Parliamentary Cooperation in Normalization of Relations
Parliamentary Cooperation in Normalization of Relations On June 25-26, 2016, in Podgorica, Montenegro, the Council for Inclusive Governance (CIG) organized its fourth roundtable of members of parliaments of Serbia and Kosovo. The objective of the meeting was to assess the relations between Kosovo and Serbia, search for ways to contribute to the resolution of outstanding issues, and chart a plan of future activities for the Group for Cooperation of MPs of Kosovo and Serbia formed at their last meeting in Pristina. The roundtable is part of a larger CIG project supported by and implemented in cooperation with the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Relations between Serbian and Kosovo Albanian societies continue to suffer from the past. Anger and revenge are not giving way to maturity and compromise, and thus preventing the two societies from making rational choices, a Serbian parliamentarian said. She called on her colleagues and on the governments of Kosovo and Serbia to resolve the disputes now and not leave them to future generations. “Do we want our kids to hate each other just like we do now?” She said that politicians could reverse the hostile process of the past decades with a “little extra effort and some political will.” “It is our choice, she added, whether to block the process or to move it forward.” Regarding the role of the Parliaments, a speaker called on the participants to establish more rigorous monitoring and oversight over their governments, invite government officials to parliamentary hearings more often, and engage in public outreach. He concluded that normalization is not simply a process of two groups of people from the two governments but rather a process between the two societies, and thus parliamentarians should take a more active role in this process. -
Extraordinary Elections in Serbia – Nothing Extraordinary Happened
László Horváth Extraordinary Elections in Serbia – Nothing Extraordinary Happened Abstract: This analysis sets the political scene for the Serbian elections of April 24, 2016. It relates the efforts of the Hungarian national community of the 1990’s to the fate of this northern province of the country. Besides presenting the circumstances and results of the elections, it also describes the challenges and tasks facing the new government in relation to the Hungarian com- munity. The author identifies the long-lasting problems and controversies which have been resolved or partially resolved in Serbian-Hungarian relation. It also points to the issues that require further efforts to be settled. The aim of my analysis is to examine the elections held in Serbia on 24 April 2016 in a wider context, and to present the political processes and aspirations which preceded the elections from the perspective of the Hungarian community living in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Northern Serbia, starting in the 1990s. In addition to the pre- sentation of the circumstances and results of the elections, I also examine the new gov- ernment’s planned tasks and reforms concerning the Hungarian national minority. The analysis also presents the results or partial results which were achieved due to the work of the local Hungarian community in the field of long-standing problems and questions, and the issues which require further efforts. In my analysis I also draw attention to the fact that regarding the internal political events which took place in the past 25 years in Serbia, it is not unusual that governments do not serve out their full terms. -
ALBANCI U SRBIJI Preševo, Bujanovac I Medveđa
ALBANCI U SRBIJI Preševo, Bujanovac i Medveđa Fond za humanitarano pravo 2002. ALBANCI U SRBIJI Preševo, Bujanovac i Medveđa Kratak pregled Preševo (Preshevë), Bujanovac (Bujanoc) i Medveđa (Medvegjë) su nerazvijene opštine na jugu Srbije sa mešovitim, albanskim, srpskim i romskim stanovništvom. Područje se graniči sa Kosovom na jugozapadu i Republikom Makedonijom na jugu. Demografski sastav, položaj regiona i njegova nerazvijenost učinili su da ovo bude nestabilno područje, na kome su se na specifičan način prelamale političke, bezbednosne i druge prilike u Srbiji, na Kosovu i u širem regionu. Preševo, Bujanovac i Medveđa su i jedine opštine u Srbiji u kojima živi značajan broj pripadnika albanske nacionalne zajednice. Procenjuje se da u ove tri opštine ima preko 100.000 Albanaca. Aprila 2002. godine obavljen je prvi popis stanovništva u kome su, posle 21 godine, učestvovali i Albanci. Zvanični rezultati popisa još uvek nisu objavljeni. Osnovna ljudska i manjinska prava Albanaca bila su konstantno kršena za vreme bivšeg režima. Diskriminacija u obrazovanju, zapošljavanju, informisanju i drugim oblastima pojačana je krajem ’80-tih godina. Usvajanje Ustava Republike Srbije iz 1990. godine, a potom i serije zakona usmerenih ka jačanju centralne vlasti, prvenstveno su pogodili lokalnu samoupravu. U opštini Preševo, na primer, albanske partije su od 1990. godine nadalje uvek osvajale lokalnu vlast, ali nisu imale mogućnost da utiču na unapređenje kolektivnih prava albanske zajednice. Do intervencije Severnoatlantskog pakta (NATO) 1999. godine, pored sistemske diskriminacije, vlasti su primenjivale i druge vrste pritisaka (otpuštanja s posla, politička suđenja, zabrane časopisa). U toku NATO bombardovanja1 došlo je do teških povreda ljudskih prava i otvorene represije od strane paravojnih formacija, vojske i policije. -
01 Albanci U Srbiji.Fm
Edicija: Pod lupom Fond za humanitarno pravo Albanci u Srbiji Preševo, Bujanovac i Medveđa Izdavanje knjige omogućio je Švedski helsinški komitet za ljudska prava Fond za humanitarno pravo redovno i sistematski sprovodi istrage o kršenju ljudskih prava u Srbiji, na Kosovu i u Crnoj Gori. Brani slobodu mišljenja i izražavanja, pravo na život i fizički integritet, ravnopravnost pred zakonom i jednaku zaštitu pred sudovima, kao i druge vrednosti civilnog društva. Od osnivanja 1992. godine, Fond istražuje ubistva, nestanke, silovanja, diskriminacije i druge povrede međunarodnog humanitarnog prava do kojih je došlo u vreme oružanih sukoba u bivšoj Jugoslaviji. Izveštaj FHP FHP Izveštaj: ALBANCI U SRBIJI Preševo, Bujanovac i Medveđa Kratak pregled Preševo (Preshevë), Bujanovac (Bujanoc) i Medveđa (Med- vegjë) su nerazvijene opštine na jugu Srbije sa mešovitim, albanskim, srpskim i romskim stanovništvom. Područje se graniči sa Kosovom na jugozapadu i Republikom Make- donijom na jugu. Demografski sastav, položaj regiona i njegova nerazvijenost učinili su da ovo bude nestabilno područje, na kome su se na specifičan način prelamale političke, bezbednosne i druge prilike u Srbiji, na Kosovu i u širem regionu. Preševo, Bujanovac i Medveđa su i jedine opštine u Srbiji u kojima živi značajan broj pripadnika albanske nacionalne zajednice. Procenjuje se da u ove tri opštine ima preko 100.000 Albanaca. Aprila 2002. godine obavljen je prvi popis stanovništva u kome su, posle 21 godine, učestvovali i Albanci. Zvanični rezultati popisa još uvek nisu objavljeni. Osnovna ljudska i manjinska prava Albanaca bila su kon- stantno kršena za vreme bivšeg režima. Diskriminacija u obrazovanju, zapošljavanju, informisanju i drugim obla- stima pojačana je krajem ’80-tih godina. -
Albania's Impact in the Region in the Albanian-Speaking Areas
ALBANIA’S IMPACT IN THE REGION IN THE ALBANIAN-SPEAKING AREAS Authors: Dorian Jano Enri Hide Klodjan Rama Ben Andoni ALBANIA’S IMPACT IN THE REGION IN THE ALBANIAN-SPEAKING AREAS Tirana 2018 ALBANIA’S IMPACT IN THE REGION IN THE ALBANIAN-SPEAKING AREAS Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Office Tirana Rr. Abdi Toptani Torre Drin, Kati i 3-të Kutia Postare 1418 Tirane, ALBANIA Responsible: Mariola Qesaraku Editor: Dorian Jano Authors: Dorian Jano, Enri Hide, Klodjan Rama, Ben Andoni, The opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed in this publishing are of the respective authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Foundations. This publication cannot be used for commercial purposes without a prior written approval by both Foundations. ALBANIA’S IMPACT IN THE REGION IN THE ALBANIAN-SPEAKING AREAS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________________ 5 ALBANIA’S FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY IN THE WESTERN BALKANS ______________ 9 ALBANIA’S FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY TOWARDS THE REGION _________________ 11 ALBANIA’S CONTRIBUTION IN THE REGION _____________________________________ 13 BILATERAL RELATIONS AND SECURITY COOPERATION ____________________________ 14 Albania and Macedonia _________________________________________________________________ 14 Albania and Kosovo ____________________________________________________________________ 15 Albania and Montenegro ________________________________________________________________ 17 Albania and Serbia _____________________________________________________________________