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Buffer Area of Sahyadri Tiger Reserve

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Buffer Area of Sahyadri Tiger Reserve BUFFER AREA OF SAHYADRI TIGER RESERVE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AREA 1.1 Name, Location, Constitution and Extent - 1.1.1 Name - The plan is proposed for the Buffer Zone of Sahyadri Tiger Reserve. 1.1.2 Location – The areas are located in the Northern ranges of Western Ghats called Sahyadris. The Buffer area as per notification Dt. 21.8.2012 admeasuring 424.34 +141.11=565.45 Sq. kms. is spread over the geographic area of 4 districts of Maharashtra covers 1 village in Sangli district, 9 villages in Kolhapur district, 66 villages in Satara district and 4 village in Ratnagiri district. Out of which the area admeasuring an area of 424.34 Sq. kms. is outside the Protected Area spread over the geographic area of 4 districts, covers 1village in Sangli district, 9 villages in Kolhapur district, 46 villages in Satara district and 4 village in Ratnagiri district. The area admeasuring an area of 141.11 Sq. kms. is the part of Protected Areas spread over the geographic area of 2 districts, covers 1village in Sangli district, 20 villages in Satara district. Geographical Location - The Buffer Area of Sahyadri Tiger Reserve lies between 73° 31' 33'' to 73° 55' 12'' East Longitude and 16° 58' 05'' to 17° 49' 14'' North Latitude. The mountains vary in height from 500 to 1200 Mtrs. above MSL. The North-South run of Western Ghats is about 100 kms. and the average breadth of 20 kms. The pristine forests in the districts of Kolhapur, Satara, Sangli and Ratnagiri of the western Maharashtra forms the Buffer Area of Sahyadri Tiger Reserve. Location by other features i) State :- Maharashtra. ii) Districts (Tahsil) :- Kolhapur (Shahuvadi), Sangli (Shirala), Satara (Patan, Jawali), Ratnagiri (Sangameshvar, Khed) 1 iii) Wildlife Circle :- Western region, Borivili, Mumbai. iv) Wildlife Division :- Kolhapur Wildlife division, Kolhapur. Location by Bio-geographic zonation India forms a part of Oriental Biogeographic Region. The area of CNP and KWLS falls under the Biogeographic unit on the basis of faunal assemblage, vegetation, altitude, latitude and geographic location. Biogeographical Kingdom - Paleotropical Sub Kingdom - Indohimalayan Biogeographic Zone - 5-B Western Ghats Biotic province - Western Ghat Mountains 1.1.3 Constitution - As per section 38 (V) of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, the State Government, on the recommendation of NTCA, is required to notify an area as Tiger Reserve. The Tiger Reserve consists of two parts namely, (i) Core or Critical tiger Habitat and (ii) Buffer or peripheral area. These areas are required to be identified and established on the basis of scientific and objective criteria. The Core area is required to be kept inviolate for the purpose of Tiger Conservation. Whereas in the buffer area a lesser degree of habitat protection is required to ensure the integrity of the critical tiger habitat with adequate dispersal for tiger species, and which aim at promoting co-existence between Wildlife and human activity with due recognition of the livelihood, developmental, social and cultural rights of the local people, and are to be identified in consultation with the concerned Gram Sabhas and an expert committee constituted for the purpose. The Maharashtra State Government vide the notification No.WLP-1008/ Pra.Kra.232/ F-1, dated 5/1/2010 has notified an area of 741.22 sq.km. Of the Chandoli National Park (317.67 sq.km.) and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary (423.55 sq.km.) together as the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve. As required under the provisions of the section 38 (V) (4) explanation (i) and (ii), the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife), M.S. Nagpur vide letter No. Desk 23(2)/Survey/pra.kra.50 (1)/4205 dated 12-03-2012 has constituted the expert committee for identification and establishment of the Critical Tiger Habitat 2 area of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR) and also vide letter No. D-22(8)/ TCP/ 1653/12-13, dated 26.7.2012 has constituted the expert committee for identification and establishment of the Buffer area of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR). Basis for identification of Core/ CTH and buffer :- The core or Critical Tiger Habitat areas of Chandoli National Park and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, where it has been established, on the basis of scientific and objective criteria that such areas are required to be kept inviolate for the purposes of Tiger Conservation, without affecting the rights of the Scheduled tribes or such other forest dwellers, and notified as such by the State Government in consultation with an expert committee constituted for the purpose. The Buffer area of STR is in the west to Satara forest Division and Sangli Sub Division, north to Kolhapur forest Division and East to Chiplun forest sub-division. The Forest in and around STR has no connectivity with other forests on western and eastern directions. On the northern side, there is connectivity with the forests of Satara forest division. This extends upto BhimaShankar WLS in Pune district. The southern boundary of the STR would be continued upto Radhanagari WLS along the forest continuity, which requires a corridor of about 65 km. yet to be established. Thus, STR forms the vital link between the northern part with the southern part of the Western Ghat Tiger Landscape. The protected areas of Chandoli NP, Koyna WLS and Radhanagari WLS have been recently awarded the status of World Heritage Sites amongst the 39 serial sites of Indian Western Ghats by IUCN. The study and analysis of available research data on Tiger ecology by Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun indicates that if a Core area having territories of 20 breeding tigresses were made inviolate, the resultant tiger population with an adequate buffer (multiple use area with co-existence land use) have a very low probability of extinction. Tigress‟s territories are determined by prey availability which in turn is dependent on the productivity of the area. The size of this inviolate area depends on the average territory size of tigresses. Thus for a population of 20 tigresses we need an inviolate area of 800-1200 sq.km. An ecologically sensitive zone (buffer, co-existence area, multiple use area) of 1000-3000 sq.km. around this inviolate space is needed for sustenance of dispersal age tigers, surplus breeding age tigers and old displaced tigers. This buffer and the tiger population within it is essential to make the Core of 20 breeding 3 females viable for long term, since it sustains the dynamics of source and sink. Such a tiger reserve shall sustain a population of 75-100 tigers. In tiger areas where there is no possibility of securing sufficient habitat for the minimum Core needed for 20 territorial breeding females the maintenance of inviolate corridors connecting these populations of tiger is crucial. An inviolate Core as large as possible needs to be made in such reserve and tiger population viability ensured by an inviolate immigration corridor connecting the reserve to a major tiger source population. The Maharashtra State Government vide the notification No.WLP-1008/ Pra.Kra.232/ F-1, dated 5/1/2010 has notified an area of 741.22 sq.km. Of the Chandoli National Park (317.67 sq.km.) and Koyana Wildlife Sanctuary (423.55 sq.km.) together as the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve. As required under the provisions of the section 38 (V) (4) explanation (i) and (ii), the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife), M.S. Nagpur vide letter No. Desk 23(2)/Survey/pra.kra.50 (1)/4205 dated 12-03-2012 had constituted the expert committee for identification and establishment of the Critical Tiger Habitat or Core area of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR). Existing and Probable Inviolate Areas are constituting the Core Area. Details of Buffer Area are in Annexure IV (Notification Dt. 21.08.2012) 1.1.4 – Extent The above mentioned research data was taken as the scientific basis for identifying the Core area. The Core area of STR identified is 600.12 sq.km. which is less than the lower limit of 800 sq. km of inviolate space. As per the 2009 census carried out in STR the tiger population in the Core was 5. Out of this 3 tigers were female. Along with this exercise, census around STR was also carried out. In this census 19 tigers were estimated. Thus, the total no. of tigers in Sahyadri landscape comes to 24 which is far below the range of 75-100 required to sustain the tiger in perpetuity. With better management practices in the proposed buffer and maintenance of corridor required population range of 15-20 tigers could be achieved. On the basis of the above criterion, following area has been selected for Core/ Critical Tiger Habitat and for the buffer zone area within the notified protected area. 4 (Area in ha.) Sr. Name of Name of Name of Tahsil Area of Area of Total area No. of No. the PA District Core/ Buffer (ha.) (ha.) villages CTH (ha.) 1. Koyna Satara Patan 12860.35 9148.10 22008.45 29 WLS Jaoli 15767.57 00 15767.57 17 Mahabaleshwar 00 4578.98 4578.98 8 KOYNA WLS 28627.92 13727.08 42355.00 54 2. Chandoli Satara Patan 3126.61 0 3126.61 3 NP Sangli Shirala 16131.75 383.51 16515.26 19 Kolhapur Shahuwadi 9802.74 0 9802.74 10 Ratnagiri Sangameshwar 2323.20 0 2323.20 1 CHANDOLI NP 31384.30 383.51 31767.81 33 SAHYADRI TIGER RESERVE 60012.22 14110.59 74122.81 87 (N.B.:- Out of the 87 Villages mentioned above 29 villages of KWLS and 6 villages of CNP are having habitation. Out of these 35 villages, 19 villages of KWLS are to remain in the PA permanently, and the remaining 15 villages after completion of their rehabilitation shall transform as the Buffer zone of STR while 1 village- Chandoli Bk.
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