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(Plecoptera) of the Canadian Prairie Provinces

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201 Chapter 7 Stonefl ies (Plecoptera) of the Canadian Prairie Provinces Lloyd M. Dosdall Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta, Edmonton Donna J. Giberson Department of Biology University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown Abstract. Most Plecoptera (stonefl y) species require cool, well-oxygenated water and are therefore not as well represented in prairie grassland habitats as they are in steep mountain streams or forested habitats. One hundred thirty-one species of Plecoptera have been recorded from the Prairie Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, including 61 that occur in or border aquatic habitats in the Prairies Ecozone. Alberta has the highest stonefl y diversity because of its proximity to the mountains (108 species, 104 of which occur in the mountains), and the diversity in Saskatchewan is similar to that of Manitoba at 44 and 46 species, respectively. Only 2 of the 61 Prairies Ecozone species (Perlesta dakota and Pteronarcys pictetii) are restricted to this ecozone in Canada, and most of the species that occur in the Prairies Ecozone also occur in the Boreal Shield and Boreal Plains ecozones (40 species) and/or in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone (42 species). A list of species collected for each province and ecozone is provided, with references and probable refugial origins. Information on stonefl y ecology, taxonomic works, zoogeography, and importance as monitoring tools pertinent to the region is also presented. Résumé. La plupart des espèces de plécoptères (perles) ont besoin d’eau fraîche et bien oxygénée et ne sont donc pas aussi présentes dans les habitats des prairies qu’elles ne le sont dans les cours d’eau des habitats de montagne ou de forêt. On a recensé 131 espèces de plécoptères dans les provinces des prairies — Alberta, Saskatchewan et Manitoba —, y compris 61 vivant à l’intérieur ou à la périphérie d’habitats aquatiques de l’écozone des prairies. L’Alberta présente la plus grande diversité de plécoptères à cause de la proximité des Rocheuses (108 espèces, dont 104 se trouvent en montagne), tandis que la Saskatchewan et le Manitoba présentent des diversités semblables (44 et 46 espèces respectivement). Seules 2 des 61 espèces de l’écozone des prairies (Perlesta dakota et Pteronarcys pictetii) sont exclusives à cette écozone au Canada, la plupart des espèces observées dans l’écozone des prairies se trouvant également dans les écozones du bouclier boréal et des plaines boréales (40 espèces) ou dans l’écozone de la cordillère alpestre (42 espèces). Une liste des espèces prélevées dans chaque province et dans chaque écozone est fournie, accompagnée de références et d’informations sur les refuges d’où elles sont probablement issues. On présente enfi n des informations sur l’écologie des plécoptères, les études taxonomiques réalisées sur ces insectes, leur zoogéographie et leur importance en tant qu’outils de surveillance pertinents pour la région. Introduction Stonefl ies (Plecoptera) (Fig. 1) spend most of their life cycles as aquatic larvae before emerging from the water as terrestrial adults. The majority of stonefl ies require well- oxygenated water and are found in clean, cool, fast-fl owing streams and rivers (Hynes 1976; Stewart and Harper 1996; Stewart and Stark 2002, 2008), although a few species are also known from cold boreal and alpine lakes (Harper 1979; Donald and Anderson 1980; Dosdall and Lehmkuhl 1987). This restricts most Canadian species to areas such as the Dosdall, L. M. and D. J. Giberson. 2014. Stonefl ies (Plecoptera) of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. In Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands (Volume 3): Biodiversity and Systematics Part 1. Edited by H. A.Cárcamo and D. J. Giberson. Biological Survey of Canada. pp. 201-229. © 2014 Biological Survey of Canada. ISBN 978-0-9689321-6-2 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3752/9780968932162.ch7 Species checklist available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5886/gaqds797 202 L. M. Dosdall and D. J. Giberson western mountains and forested areas of the east and north (Harper 1979; Miyazaki and Lehmkuhl 2011). In the grassland portions of the Prairie Provinces (Mixed Grassland and Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregions; Shorthouse 2010), cool and well-oxygenated habitats (at least in summer) are relatively rare and few species have adapted to warm, slow-moving prairie waters; thus, stonefl y diversity is comparatively low (Harper 1979; Dosdall and Lehmkuhl 1987; Miyazaki and Lehmkuhl 2011). Adults are poor fl iers (Stewart and Stark 2002), and so the prairie landscape effectively acts as a dispersal barrier between eastern and western species. A B C D E Fig. 1. Examples of Plecoptera from the Canadian Prairie Provinces. A, Acroneuria abnormis nymph, B, Claassenia sabulosa nymph, C, Perlesta dakota adult, D, Pteronarcys dorsata adult, E, Winter stonefl y adult on snow. All photos by L. Dosdall except for C, Perlesta, which is by Dale Parker. Stonefl ies (Plecoptera) of the Canadian Prairie Provinces 203 Relatively little recent research has focused specifi cally on the Plecoptera of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Early workers who contributed to the knowledge of the western Canadian fauna included Banks (1907), Neave (1929, 1933, 1934), and Ricker (1943, 1944, 1946). Ricker listed only 23 species from the Canadian Prairies and adjacent parkland (Ricker 1946) and an additional 11 species from the northern Prairie Provinces (Ricker 1944) on the basis of his collections and specimens from the Canadian National Collection. Ricker continued to work on the Canadian fauna for several years and made several important contributions to the knowledge of western Canadian stonefl ies (e.g., Ricker 1952, 1964; Ricker et al. 1968; Ross and Ricker 1971; Stewart and Ricker 1997). Regional taxonomic treatments with information on species from the Canadian Prairie Provinces followed (e.g., see list in Table 1), but no further attempts were made to provide a systematic list for this region until 1979, with the publication of “Stonefl ies (Plecoptera) of Saskatchewan” (Dosdall and Lehmkuhl 1979). That work increased the number of known Saskatchewan species from 11 to 41 (with two additions listed in Dosdall 1992), largely due to extensive new collecting in all areas of the province. Twenty-fi ve of these species were found in the Prairies Ecozone (as defi ned in Shorthouse 2010), though eight of these were restricted to the Cypress Hills. Subsequently, Flannagan and Flannagan (1982) listed 38 species of stonefl ies and their postglacial distributions from Manitoba, and they identifi ed 21 species that were present in the Prairies Ecozone. Burton (1984) reported 44 species in Manitoba from a combination of historical records and new collecting, with 22 from Prairies Ecozone streams and rivers. There is no equivalent comprehensive published treatment of the Alberta stonefl ies except at the generic level (Clifford 1991), and so it Table 1. References that provide identifi cation keys relevant to stonefl ies from the Canadian Prairies. Family Reference All Needham and Claassen 1925; Baumann et al. 1977; Stewart and Oswood 2006; Stewart and Stark 2008. Capniidae Nebeker and Gaufi n 1965 (Capnia columbiana complex); Harper and Hynes 1971b; Nelson and Baumann 1987 (Capnura); Nelson and Baumann 1989 (Capnia); Stark and Baumann 2004 (Paracapnia); Zenger and Baumann 2004 (Isocapnia). Nemouridae Harper and Hynes 1971d; Baumann 1975; Baumann and Kondratieff 2010 (Lednia). Leuctridae Harper and Hynes 1971a; Stark and Kyzar 2001 (Paraleuctra); Baumann and Stark 2009 (Paraleuctra alta). Taeniopterygidae Harper and Hynes 1971c; Fullington and Stewart 1980 (Taeniopteryx); Stanger and Baumann 1993 (Taenionema); Stewart 2000. Chloroperlidae Fiance 1977; Surdick 1985; Alexander and Stewart 1999 (Suwallia); Surdick 2004. Peltoperlidae Stark 2000. Perlidae Stark and Gaufi n 1976 (Acroneuria); Peckarsky 1979 (Acroneuria); Stark and Szczytko 1981 (Paragnetina); Stark 1989 (Perlesta placida complex); DeWalt et al. 2001 (Perlesta); Kondratieff and Baumann 1999 (Perlesta); Stark 2004. Perlodidae Szczytko and Stewart 1979 (Isoperla); Kondratieff 2004; Sandberg and Stewart 2005 (Isogenoides). Pteronarcyidae Nelson 2000. 204 L. M. Dosdall and D. J. Giberson is diffi cult to draw comparisons with the wide range of ecoregions and habitats found in the province. Information on the Alberta prairie fauna must be gleaned from regional taxonomic and ecological studies (e.g., Radford and Hartland-Rowe 1971; Donald and Anderson 1977, 1980; Barton 1980; Donald 1980; Donald and Mutch 1980; and see Table 1). For example, Donald and Anderson (1977) reported 74 species in the Waterton River drainage extending from the subalpine headwater zone in the Rocky Mountains to the grasslands of the Prairies Ecozone near Lethbridge, and Donald and Mutch (1980) found 59 species in their study of the Bow River. In both studies, the highest diversity was found in the mountain streams, with a sharp decline in diversity into the Prairies Ecozone. Overall, the taxonomy of stonefl ies has improved dramatically during the last 25 years. A well-illustrated larval key to the North American genera was published in 1988 and updated in 2002 (Stewart and Stark 2002), and a generic key to the North American larvae and adults can be found in Stewart and Stark (2008) with an accompanying thorough list of ecological and taxonomic references. More recently, several attempts have been made to bring together distributional and taxonomic information on the stonefl y species in North America (Stark et al. 1986, 1998), including an
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    Empirically Derived Indices of Biotic Integrity for Forested Wetlands, Coastal Salt Marshes and Wadable Freshwater Streams in Massachusetts September 15, 2013 This report is the result of several years of field data collection, analyses and IBI development, and consideration of the opportunities for wetland program and policy development in relation to IBIs and CAPS Index of Ecological Integrity (IEI). Contributors include: University of Massachusetts Amherst Kevin McGarigal, Ethan Plunkett, Joanna Grand, Brad Compton, Theresa Portante, Kasey Rolih, and Scott Jackson Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Jan Smith, Marc Carullo, and Adrienne Pappal Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Lisa Rhodes, Lealdon Langley, and Michael Stroman Empirically Derived Indices of Biotic Integrity for Forested Wetlands, Coastal Salt Marshes and Wadable Freshwater Streams in Massachusetts Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a fully empirically-based method for developing Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) that does not rely on expert opinion or the arbitrary designation of reference sites and pilot its application in forested wetlands, coastal salt marshes and wadable freshwater streams in Massachusetts. The method we developed involves: 1) using a suite of regression models to estimate the abundance of each taxon across a gradient of stressor levels, 2) using statistical calibration based on the fitted regression models and maximum likelihood methods to predict the value of the stressor metric based on the abundance of the taxon at each site, 3) selecting taxa in a forward stepwise procedure that conditionally improves the concordance between the observed stressor value and the predicted value the most and a stopping rule for selecting taxa based on a conditional alpha derived from comparison to pseudotaxa data, and 4) comparing the coefficient of concordance for the final IBI to the expected distribution derived from randomly permuted data.
  • Invertebrate Prey Selectivity of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) in Western South Dakota Prairie Streams Erin D

    Invertebrate Prey Selectivity of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) in Western South Dakota Prairie Streams Erin D

    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2017 Invertebrate Prey Selectivity of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Western South Dakota Prairie Streams Erin D. Peterson South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Peterson, Erin D., "Invertebrate Prey Selectivity of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Western South Dakota Prairie Streams" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1677. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1677 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVERTEBRATE PREY SELECTIVITY OF CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS) IN WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA PRAIRIE STREAMS BY ERIN D. PETERSON A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree for the Master of Science Major in Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences South Dakota State University 2017 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS South Dakota Game, Fish & Parks provided funding for this project. Oak Lake Field Station and the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University provided lab space. My sincerest thanks to my advisor, Dr. Nels H. Troelstrup, Jr., for all of the guidance and support he has provided over the past three years and for taking a chance on me.