CONTENTS

Preface xi Contributors xiii

1. Goals, Agenda and Policy Recommendations for Ecological I , Center for Environmental and Esiuarinc Studies, University of Maryland Herman E. Daly, Environment Department, The World Bank Joy A. Bartholomew, Washington Area Office, Center for Policy Negotiation

PART L DEVELOPING AN ECOLOGICAL ECONOMIC WORLD VIEW

2. What Do We Want to Sustain?: Environmentalism and Human Evaluations 22 Kenneth E. Boulding, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado 3. Elements of Environmental Macroeconomics 32 Herman E. Daly, Environment Department. The World Bank 4. Paramount Positions in 47 Garrett Hardin, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara 5. Sustainability and the Problem of Valuation 58 Talbot Page, Environmental Studies, Brown University 6. Driving Forces, Increasing Returns and Ecological Sustainability 75 Paul Christensen, Department of Economics, Hofstra University 7. Sustainability and Discounting the Future , 88 Richard B. Norgaard and Richard B. Howarth, Energy and Resources Program, University of California at Berkeley 8. Ecological Health and Sustainable Resource Management 102 Bryan G. Norton, School of Social Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology 9. Environmental Policy and Distributional Conflicts 118 Juan Martinez Alter, Department of Economics, Universität Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain 10. A New Scientific Methodology for Global Environmental Issues 137 Silvio O. Funtowicz, Institute for Systems Engineering and Informatics. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Jerome R. Ravetz, Research Methods Consultancy, London, England 11. Reserved Rationality and the Precautionary Principle: Technological Change, Time and Uncertainty in Environmental Decision Making 153 Charles PerringS, Department of Economics, University of California, Riverside PART IL ACCOUNTING, MODELING AND ANALYSIS

12. The Environment as Capital »68 Salah El Serafy, Economic Advisory Siaff. The World Bunk 13. Alternative Environmental and Resource Accounting Approaches 176 Henry M. Peskin, Edgevale Associates, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland 14. Correcting National Income for Environmental Losses: A Practical Solution for a Theoretical Dilemma 194 Roefie Hueling. Central Bureau ol'Statistics. The Netherlands 15. National Accounting, Tine and the Environment: A Neo-Austrian Approach 214 Malte Faber, Alfred Weber Institute, University of Heidelberg, Germany John L. >?. Proops, Department of Económica and Management Science, University of Keele, United Kingdom 16. Accounting in Ecological Systems 234 Bruce Hannon, Department of Geography, University of Illinois 17. Contributory Values of Ecosystem Resources .253 Robert Ulanowicz, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. University of Maryland 18. Ecological Economic Analysis for Regional .269 Leon C. Braat and Ineke Stectskamp, Institute for Environmental Studies, Free University, Amsterdam. The Netherlands 19. Natural Resource Scarcity and Economic Growth Revisited: Economic and Biophysical Perspectives 289 Cutler J. Cleveland, Department oí Geography and Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Roslon University

PART IIL INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES AND CASE STUDIES Incentives and Instruments: 20. Economic Biases Againsl Sustainable Development 319 Colin Clark, Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Canada 21. Assuring Sustainability of Ecological Economic Systems 331 Robert Costama, Center for Environmental and Estuarinc Studie*, University of Maryland 22. Local and Global Incentives for SustainabUity: Failures in Economic Systems 344 Stephen Färber. Department of Economics, Louisiana Stale University 23. Intcrgenerational Transfers and Ecological Sustainability 355 John II. Cumberland, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland 24. Economic Strategies tor Mitigating (he Impacts of Climate Change on Future Generations 367 Ralph C. d'Arge and Clive Spash. Department of Economics. University of Wyoming 25. The Role for Economic Incentives in International Allocation uf Abatement Effort 384 Totnasz Zylir.z, Ministry ol the Enviromnent, and Warsaw University. Poland

vill Education: 26. Rethinking Ecological and Economic Education: A Gestalt Shift.....400 Mary E. Clark, Center for Conflict Analysis, George Mason University 27. Ecological Economics and Multidisciplinar y Education 416 James Zucchelto, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC Case Studies: 28. Ecological Engineering: Approaches to Sustainability and Biodiversity in the US and China 428 William J. Müsch, School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University 29. On the Significance of Open Boundaries for an Ecologically Sustainable Development of Human Societies 449 AnnMari Jansson, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden 30. Integrated Agro-Industrial Ecosystems: An Assessment of the Sustainability of a Cogenerative Approach to Food, Energy and Chemicals Production by Photosynthesis 459 Enzo Tiezzi, N. Marcheltini and S. Ulgiati, Department of Chemistry, University of Siena, Italy 31. Government Policy and Ecological Concerns: Some Lessons from the Brazilian Experience 474 Clóvis Cavalcanii, Institute for Social Research, loaquim Nabuco Foundation, Brazil 32. Tropical Moist Forest Management: The Urgency of Transition to Sustainability .486 Robert Goodland, E. O. A. Asibey, J. C. Post and M. B. Dyson, Environment Department, The World Bank Index 517

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