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Land, Place and People in Fendalton 1850 - 1950

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Land, Place and People in Fendalton 1850 - 1950 FENDALL'S LEGACY: LAND, PLACE AND PEOPLE IN FENDALTON 1850 - 1950 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury by F. M. Looser University 0 f Canterbury 2000 The Parish Church of St Barnabas, built of stone and nestled amidst the autumn foliage of its seventy-five year old trees, visibly portrays the English and Anglican heritage of Fendalton. Looser 'It is only now and again that we grasp the fact that it is in the common annals of our every-day life that we are making history, and are influencing the lives of the community in ages to come.' Rev. Hugh Leach, Vicar of Fendalton, July 1920. II J <J CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT ....................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................. ii LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................ iii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................... iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................ vi NOTE ON MEASUREMENTS ...................................................... viii ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1 2 FENDALL'S LEGACY: 1850 -1875 ............................ 19 3 HERE COMI'v1ENCES FENDALTON: 1876 -1900 ..... 68 4 WELCOME TO SUBURBIA: 1901-1925 ................. 123 5 THE FASHIONING OF FENDALTON: 1926 -1950.186 6 CONCLUSION ........................................................... 211 BIBLIOGRAPHy .......................................................................... 215 ABSTRACT The name of Fendalton is very well-known. Situated north-west of Hagley Park, it is widely perceived as the most fashionable suburb of Christchurch. When and why Fendalton, in particular, achieved this status forms the framework of 'Fendall's Legacy'. Residential subdivision came relatively late to Fendalton, and the various reasons for this are explored as the second of three major themes throughout the thesis. The third development that I seek to identify over time is the 'Englishness' of the suburb. The main body of the thesis is divided into four chapters, with the addition of an introduction and conclusion. The 1850 starting point is valid, as Fendalton started with the Canterbury Settlement and owes its origin to the selection of Rural Section 18 by Walpole Cheshyre Fendall in February 1851. The hundred years of study, 1850 - 1950 is subdivided into four quarter centuries. There are some significant changes in Canterbury, and Fendalton in particular, that support this periodisation. Research on subdivision was focused on deeds records at Land Information New Zealand and property sales plans. Information about changes in the occupations of the increasing number of residents was derived from various sources, including parish records and street directories. Biographical details were drawn from such valuable resources as the G.R. Macdonald Biographies and the Cyclopedia, and from numerous memoirs. The general perception of Fendalton as fashionable and wealthy relies heavily on newspaper comment, notices and property sales advertisements. The extension of the tramway network into Fendalton ill 1907 encouraged subdivision and a noticeably increasing population. Major growth did not occur until the 1920s, at a time when fashions in architecture and landscape design ensured the appearance of the 'Englishness' of Fendalton. The public perception of Fendalton as the 'most fashionable suburb', was delayed until at least the 1930s and possibly beyond the Second World War. II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Inspiration for this thesis came via a humourous quip from the Rev. Brian Thomas, Vicar of Geraldine. Brian's timely joke concerning 'rattling jewellery' set me off on a most interesting quest. I am grateful to the Vicar of Fendalton, Rev. Canon Craufurd Murray, for his support in generously allowing me access to the parish archives. My thanks also go to the many Fendalton residents who have expressed interest in my research and offered encouragement. There is enormous scope for further study in this area and for the gathering and preservation of archival material. I would particularly like to express my appreciation to Dr. John Cookson, my supervisor, who has entered into many interesting discussions on the attributes of Fendalton. Dr. Cookson has exhibited remarkable patience with my propensity for being a 'magpie', and with the pace of progress of my thesis alongside my many other commitments! lowe a debt of gratitude to Jean Sharfe for so willingly making available much information on local history sources, drawn from the extensive Christchurch 2000 database in the Department of History. A very special vote of thanks must go to all my family for their warm encouragement and assistance; and most particularly to my younger son, Julian, whose time and skill on the computer have been so generously made available for my thesis. ill LIST OF MAPS MAP PAGE 1 The location of Fendall Town ................................................. 21 2 The frrst 30 Rural Sections in Canterbury in 1851 ................... 27 3 Rural Section 18 1852 ................................................... 52 4 Rural Section 18 1865 ................................................... 55 5 Rural Section 18 1875 ................................................... 75 6 Rural Section 18 1885 ................................................... 76 IV LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE 1 Aerial view of glebe land 31 2 Location of 'Willowbrook' 46 3 Location of 'Burnside' 64 4 Wood Lane and 'Avonbank' 105 5 1892 Graham's Estate CM766 112 6 1892 Graham's Estate CM766 113 7 c.1905 Stratford Road CM1376 158 8 1907 Idris RoadlFendalton Road CM1391 159 9 1908 Burnside Road/Clyde Road CMl145 161 10 c.1911 Idris Road CM1463/1383162 11 c.1912 Selwyn Road/Jacksons Road CM1390 163 12 1913 Heathfield Road CM1389 165 13 1916 Coldstream Lodge CM1422 166 14 1920 Bryndwr-Fendalton District CM683 167 15 1921 Milbrook Helmore's Road CM767 170 v 16 1922 Glanyrafon Snowdon Road CM778 172 17 1924 Coldstream Lodge/Chilcomb CM686 173 18 1925 Clyde RoadlKotare Street CM1386/2 174 19 c.1927 Burnside RoadlIlam Road CM1357 202 20 1928 Clyde Road CM774 203 21 1936 Avonholme Clifford Avenue CM723 205 VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE 1 Walpole Cheshyre Fendall ....................................................... 41 2 Lucy Hyacinthe Fendall ......................................................... .41 3 William Cuddon Brewer and Maltster ................................... .41 4 Rev. Croasdaile Bowen Vicar ofRiccarton.............................. 41 5 Water Race at Wood's Mill ..................................................... 57 6 Weir on the River Avon .......................................................... 57 7 Anglican Church ofSt. Barnabas, Fendalton ......................... 118 8 Apse of the wooden church ................................................... 118 9 Rev. Canon James West Stack ............................................... 118 10 'Turawai' ............................................................................... 119 11 'Waitaitama' ........................................................................... 119 12 'Karewa' ................................................................................ 129 13 'Daresbury' . .'....................................................... _ ................. 129 14 Fendalton Vicarage ............................................................... 150 15 Rev. Canon Thomas Hamilton ............................................... 150 vii 16 Rev. Hugh Leach ................................................................... 150 17 New Vicarage 1919 ............................................................... 150 18 Holmwood Road house ......................................................... 171 19 Desmond Street house ............................................... :........... 171 20 'Lintrathen' ............................................................................ 183 21 'Greystones' ........................................................................... 183 22 Autumn trees at St Barnabas .................................................. 210 viii NOTE ON MEASUREMENTS The basic unit employed in the measurement of land area in New Zealand between 1850 and 1950 was the acre. Rural Sections were purchased in multiples of fifty acres. Subdivision was frequently into blocks of ten, five and one acre, and then into half, and the most popular, quarter acre" section. In the interests of clarity and logic I have chosen to retain the use of this system of measurement within the text of the thesis. Rather than insert the metric measurement alongside the imperial on each occasion, a table of equivalent measurements is provided. Plans of subdivision also employed such imperial measurements as roods and perches, and links and chains for length. Metric equivalents of these units of measurement are given. acres hectares 50 20.25 10 4.05 5 2.025 1 = 00405 square metres Yz 2025 Y4 1Ol2 I acre = 4 roods 1 rood = 40 perches 1 chain = 100 links 22 yards 20.12 metres 1 link = 7.92 inches 19.80 centinietres ix ABBREVIATIONS CM Canterbury Museum - ---- LINZ Land Infonnation New Zealand LT Lyttelton Times NZFUW New Zealand Federation of University
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