Recessed Pavement Markers - Snowplowable Pavement Markers - Raised Pavement Markers Question # 3 Question # 4 Question # 2 Question # 5 Do you use RPMs where snow plowing If no in question 3, do you have other Question # 1 Do you have any criteria you are using to If you are using snowplowable pavement State Responder activities are being performed during winter alternative(s) for nighttime or wet condition Comments Are you using RPMs in your State? identify certain routes for RPMs markers, how it performs? can you share any time? If yes, can you please share the specs retro-reflectivity? If yes, can you please share installation? If yes, can you please share it? details you may have for it? and Standard Drawings? the specs and Standard Drawings? Yes, just standard RPMs. (See Sections 705 and 882 of Specs) Links to both Standard Drawings and Specifications immediately following We place RPMs on all 11,000 centerline miles of our Alabama Kerry C. NeSmith Yes. Not applicable I Not applicable network regardless of class or ADT https://alletting.dot.state.al.us/Docs/Standard_Drawings/2020% 20English/70500.pdf

https://www.dot.state.al.us/conweb/pdf/Specifications/2018Sta ndardSpecificationsCompleteBook.pdf Yes, only standard RPMs are used. http://ardot.gov/roadway_design_division/usunits/update_1107 19/PM-1_06-01-17%20(11-07-19).pdf Arkansas Smith, Trinity D Yes Arkansas places RPMs on 80’ spacing on all highways No No http://ardot.gov/roadway_design_division/usunits/update_1107 19/PM-2_11-07-19.pdf

http://ardot.gov/standard_spec/2014/Division%20700.pdf We have a striping guideline/flow chart that shows for snow We have a section in our Authorized Material List (AML) for Yes. Please see attached standard plan sheet RSP A20D and California Duper Tong Yes, in snow plowing areas plowing area, the striping needs to be recessed, and where the N/A “Retroreflective with Abrasion Resistant Surface (ARS)” that are section 81-3.03D for the Standard Specifications. striping are recessed, the RPMs are recessed as well. for recessed application only. Colorado requires that interstate skip lines be recessed wet- Colorado Charles E. Meyer NO reflective tape and that all durable longitudinal striping (epoxy) on all highways be inlaid to avoid plow damage.

This is our specification for Raised Pavement marker installation. A. Install raised pavement markers as specified below: 1. Saw cut the pavement to match the bottom contour of the marker housing using a saw and blade suitable for the pavement Material being sawed. a. The depth of the cut slot must allow the housing to be set in epoxy, with leveling lugs resting o the pavement surface, so that the front edge of marker is at or below the surface of the Raised pavement markers should be installed along interstates, pavement. The RPM’s do an excellent job of providing nighttime wet Delaware Mogle, Nick We use Raised Pavement Markers. freeways, expressways, and principal arterials. b. Repair excessive saw cuts to the satisfaction of the Engineer. reflectivity. c. Only use the truck mounted saw cutting devices. Do not use walk behind or hand cutting saw devices. 2. When cutting is complete, clean the slot as recommended by the Manufacturer of the epoxy Material. 3. Install the epoxy and pavement marker in the prepared contour slot in the pavement per the Manufacturer's recommendations. Do not leave the prepared contour slot unfilled.

We avoid using recessed RPMs in Idaho for similar concerns. Yes, but again infrequently No experience with snowplowable RPMs other than to recessed Nighttime wet retros are a concern for us too and have tried Idaho Ryan D. Lancaster, Infrequently No, RPM use is case by case and has been done by state forces. No No, we do not have specs or Standard Drawings for RPMs. RPMs. inlaid tape and MMA, but our experience with them were spotty. Yes, please reference the following links: We have found them to be effective in delineating at nighttime Standard specifications on installation, section 808.11, pages and during inclement weather. They do require a significant 902 & 903: amount of maintenance- we use HSIP funds (several million a https://www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/book/sep19/8 Yes, we use RPMs on freeways ramps/gore areas and to INDOT has begun using wet reflective markings on some year statewide) to do this through contracts. To date no serious 00-2020.pdf supplement freeway lines and center lines on two lane projects, but the agency does not have a standard specification crashes related to the metal castings being dislodged and Indiana Boruff Dave Yes highways with AADT > 5000. We are in the process of or drawing for it at this time. Due to limits on life of the west becoming airborne but we have had a few instances of property Material specs, section 921.02(d) pages 1097 & 1098: reassessing the AADT threshold- some of our districts use them reflective elements this may not be a good, long term substitute damage. It is for this reason that several years ago we tried https://www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/book/sep19/9 on lower volume segments. for RPMs center line rumble stripes on two lane highways without the 00-2020.pdf RPMs but found that RPMs are also needed. Standard drawings: https://www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/drawings/sep1 9/e/800e/e800%20combined%20pdfs/E808-MKRM.pdf Recessed Pavement Markers - Snowplowable Pavement Markers - Raised Pavement Markers Question # 3 Question # 4 Question # 2 Question # 5 Do you use RPMs where snow plowing If no in question 3, do you have other Question # 1 Do you have any criteria you are using to If you are using snowplowable pavement State Responder activities are being performed during winter alternative(s) for nighttime or wet condition Comments Are you using RPMs in your State? identify certain routes for RPMs markers, how it performs? can you share any time? If yes, can you please share the specs retro-reflectivity? If yes, can you please share installation? If yes, can you please share it? details you may have for it? and Standard Drawings? the specs and Standard Drawings? We are moving towards a wet recoverable marking, not wet reflective. Basically the larger beads in an epoxy Iowa TIMOTHY D CROUCH No type pavement marking, recessed in a groove. We don’t have the specifications finalized yet. (steel castings) were our standard until around 2008. At that time, installation/maintenance of pavement markers was suspended due to a few instances of significant failures (multiple castings coming out on relatively new projects). The Kentucky Transportation Center conducted research to (1) See discussion in Question examine the durability of steel castings and (2) to look for #1. Snowplowable raised pavement markers are no longer alternative pavement marker options to steel castings. The Yes. Our Special Note for Inlaid Pavement markers is attached. considered a standard delineation option for Kentucky. They research concluded (1) that steel castings were durable along Kentucky has a Pavement Marker system that identifies routes Also see section 712 of our specs at: We have piloted a few projects with wet retroreflective did not necessarily perform poorly on good pavements. Kentucky Wolfe, Jeff our roadway system if pavements were adequately maintained eligible for pavement markers. The list primarily includes major https://transportation.ky.gov/Construction/StdSpecsWSupplSpe markings, but no standard alternatives at this point in time. However, lenses appeared to be more durable in and (2) found an inlaid (recessed) marker that was a suitable multi-lane highways and highways with two-way left-turn cs/2019%20Standard%20Spec%20with%20Supplemental%20Spe the recessed markers, and we decided it was best not to alternative. Over the subsequent years, castings c%20July%202019.pdf continue to place steel castings along the roadway as a standard and recessed markers were considered equal alternatives. Over practice. time, the recessed markers slowly became the preferred option for most of our districts. In fact, we just put out a policy memo that eliminated steel castings as a standard option, and their use will now require approval of the State Engineer’s Office. We place them on every roadway for lane lines and center lines. We also place on edge line of curves that have been Louisiana Jody Colvin yes N/A identified as a safety concern, we place on edgelines of interstates with narrow or no shoulders. We had a few instances of the cast iron “shoe” for The recessed pavement markers do not have a very long life- the snowplowable marker causing pavement failure around it cycle due to a number of factors (poor installation, freeze-thaw and eventually coming up and turning into a projectile; more cycle, puddling of water and debris in groove, etc.). than once the cast iron went through a car windshield. So about MassDOT does not install raised pavement markers. Yes (see previous answer). The latest draft of our construction Our pavement section also does not like us cutting out a quarter Massachustes Jim Danila Yes. 15 years ago we banned the use of them on all . We were If pavement markers are used, they are recessed in a groove. standard is attached. inch of new pavement every time we install. Therefore, we have going to experiment with Trinity Highway’s begun experimenting with short sections of recessed all- plastic snowplowable marker, but Illinois DOT studied them and weather tape as an alternative. This is also shown in the their performance was very poor. You should be able to find attached standard. their report if you search their research website. Michigan Bott, Mark W No We do not use these markers in Michigan.

As mentioned in #1, MnDOT recesses most permanent longitudinal striping, whether it be grinding into the pavement or placing in a rumble. This has substantially increased both the presence and reflectivity of our latex, epoxy, and taped lines because they are now largely protected from the plow blades. With this performance, we have not recently We recess most permanent longitudinal striping. We explored recessed pavement markers. We have a flowchart for Use raised pavement markers only in temporary work zones to longitudinal pavement marking operations: MnDOT Provisions make temporary longitudinal pavement marking wet reflective We are not using them. (We did try plowable markers about 20 for Pavement Marking Operations Tech Memo. You can find our Minnesota Brian K. Sorenson (where wet reflective elements are not otherwise used). All We do not use permanent RPMs. No. years ago. At that time, our experience was they damaged recessing and pavement marking specifications in section 2582 longitudinal temporary pavement markings in our work zones the pavement and often popped out within a few years.) of the MnDOT Standard Specifications for Construction are required to be wet reflective. We do not 2018 (there will be a 2020 version coming out soon). For specific use recessed pavement markings. products that are used in Minnesota, see the Pavement Marking Products MnDOT APL/QPL. There were concerns of pavement damage when we first proposed recessing as a standard, but this has not been an issue. One of the challenges we are currently dealing with is how to handle With pavement maintenance activities such as chip seals.

We are collecting data on this right now, but in general they do offer a level of visibility that is difficult to achieve any other way. Some of the preliminary observations:

They do have a limited life and do need some type of maintenance plan, just from observations we think we will be getting around 4-5 years out of the initial installation before we lose enough markers to need to let a maintenance contract. From what we have heard from other states who have rpm programs, they typically go around 4 years before the first maintenance contract, then again 2 years later and then annual after that (especially in ) as the age of the markers over Yes, our inlaid markers do get plowed. The systems we are time becomes varied. typically using are the Marker One and Ennis-Flint Even being recessed, the lenses can be damaged by debris over Right now it is a trial installation, they are only being installed in inlaid marker systems and follow their installation standards, time urban areas where we have three or more lanes in one direction Missouri Thomas Honich Yes – inlaid markers just in our St. Louis District these are links to the two systems Installing in new doesn’t seem to be an issue, however, on freeways. Once our research study is complete we will http://markerone.net/MarkerOne-2012.pdf with our retrofits in older asphalt we are seeing the grooving determine our future application guidance. https://www.ennisflintamericas.com/downloads/dl/file/id/704/ being associated with joint failures with the groove being product/930/brochure_model_201_lens_cradle.pdf parallel to and close to the joint. We see more of this with some installations where our St. Louis district experimented with their own installation design using a deeper groove and adhearing the marker to the bottom of the groove, we do not see it as much with the shallow grooves used with the Marker One or Ennis-Flint systems. The Marker One and Ennis-Flint systems do not seem to cause any issue with vehicles or motorcycles, however, the deeper groove system our district tried did generate concerns from motorcyclists and they also collected more debris and water, as a result our district has abandoned this installation type. In concrete where we seeing an accelerated failure rate, where the failure mode is loosing the entire marker plus the Recessed Pavement Markers - Snowplowable Pavement Markers - Raised Pavement Markers Question # 3 Question # 4 Question # 2 Question # 5 Do you use RPMs where snow plowing If no in question 3, do you have other Question # 1 Do you have any criteria you are using to If you are using snowplowable pavement State Responder activities are being performed during winter alternative(s) for nighttime or wet condition Comments Are you using RPMs in your State? identify certain routes for RPMs markers, how it performs? can you share any time? If yes, can you please share the specs retro-reflectivity? If yes, can you please share installation? If yes, can you please share it? details you may have for it? and Standard Drawings? the specs and Standard Drawings? Montana does not use RPMs. Very interested in the results Montana Ulberg, Ivan NO from other northern states. We only use the RPM’s in Clark County of southern Nevada. We Within our standard specifications (follow link above) Section follow the department’s practices found in the Road Design 732 Physical Properties and Tests number 4 describes the Guide 2019 edition section 4.19 Marking and the standard plans average minimum intensities of 300 millicandelas for white and Nevada Rodney D. Schilling Yes for location of reflective and non- No N/A 170 millicandelas for yellow as measured with approved reflective pavement markers: https://www.nevadadot.com/doin retroreflectometer listed in the Subsection 632.02.05 of the g-business/about-ndot/ndot- QPL. divisions/engineering/design/standard-specifications-and-plans

We have in the past, but have discontinued their use for several reasons, mostly related to plowing concerns. As an We have just recently experimented with wet reflective tape in aside, snowplowable RPM’s are not snowplowable unless they two foot segments centered on every other broken line gap. New Hamshire Lambert, William No. Not applicable. Not applicable. are installed precisely as intended. We found that the This is our first winter and they are still being evaluated. So far, contractors were using excess epoxy, leaving the leading edge so good. exposed and making it very uncomfortable for our plow drivers. We have a few test locations. One location has inlaid cradle markers (Ennis-Flint), inlaid cold applied thermoplastic, and inlaid extruded thermoplastic. Another location has inlaid wet reflective cold applied thermoplastic, surface applied cold We are moving away from using cast iron snowplowable applied thermoplastic, inlaid extruded thermoplastic, and inlaid markers. In fact, at least two of our Divisions have prohibited cradle markers (Ennis-Flint). The third location has inlaid their use. We hope that the testing mentioned above will bring We don’t have criteria yet but, if we did, it would start with extruded thermoplastic, inlaid wet reflective cold applied We began testing recessed pavement markers last year. For out alternatives to snowplowable pavement markers. North Carolina Matt Springer these being installed in areas with moderate to heavy We are testing at this time. No specs or standards thermoplastic, surface applied wet reflective cold applied now, we do not use them on a regular basis snowplowing and areas with heavy truck thermoplastic, a little bit of inlaid paint,

inlaid raised pavement markers (banana cut), and inlaid cradle markers (Ennis-Flint). Some time in the next month or so we will be installing “rumble skips”. This is placing a rumble strips on every other skip line on a 4 lane route. What we are testing on all of these locations is snowplow durability and wet/night retroreflectivity. Yes and No. We have been placing standard non-plowable markers in the southern and southeastern portions of our state We have been experimenting with grooved in striping that uses No written criteria at this time other than we do consider We do not at this time (exception work zones); however, have that do not see as much winter weather. Up until about a durable multi-polymer and element beads. We have had some Oklahoma Chad A. Pendley placement on higher volume roadways where limited winter been looking at options including your recessed groove but Based on our experience we would not recommend these. decade ago we did use the cast iron snow plowable markers success with this but are still trying to perfect it. All weather weather occurs been hesitant for concerns of possible pavement issues. statewide; however, we discontinued installation and now are tape in a groove has also been used, but the tape is expensive. removing remaining markers. 01 The color of Raised Pavement Markers under both daylight and nighttime conditions shall conform to the color of the marking for which they serve as a positioning guide, or for which they supplement or substitute. Non-retroreflective RPMs shall not substitute for other types of pavement markings unless accompanied by retroreflective markers.

02 On freeways with an Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) of 20,000 vehicles per day or greater, RPMs should be used to supplement lane lines and wide white channelizing lines at exit gore areas.

03 On non-freeways, RPMs should be used in accordance with the Region RPM Plan. The Region RPM Plan should consider using RPMs in locations with a history of wet weather nighttime Oregon Frank Belleque Yes crashes. Yes. See TM517 See TM521 for groove installed durable markings We are not using a snowplowable pavement marker

04 RPMs should be installed such that directional configurations of reflective and non-reflective surfaces minimize visibility of information to road users that does not apply to them.

05 RPMs should not be used within bicycle lanes and should not be used to substitute a line separating bicycle lanes from adjacent travel lanes. At locations where a bicycle lane is adjacent to a line supplemented with RPMs or where RPMs are used as positioning guides, the RPMs should be positioned outside the bicycle lane and the spacing should be long enough to allow safe passage if a bicyclist leaves the bicycle lane.

06 If used, RPMs should be recessed in snow zones and on roadways that are frequently plowed (see Figures 130-A and 130- In South Dakota we are not using RPMs. We do groove in many of our pavement markings to save them South Dakota Christina Bennett No from snow plow damage. We use wet reflective tape and preformed thermoplastic as well as epoxy, poly urea, and high build waterborne paint with wet reflective elements. We are about to test recessed pavement markers so we are Yes. Currently they are placed on top of the pavement so they Texas Michael Chacon Yes All state maintained highways curious to learn more about the pavement issues you are have to be replaced annually. encountering. Wisconsin is removing recessed steel Wisconsin Bill McNary NO casing pavement markers through improvement projects. We do not install RPMs.

SPECIAL NOTE FOR INLAID PAVEMENT MARKERS

I. DESCRIPTION

Except as provided herein, perform all work in accordance with the Department's Standard and Supplemental Specifications and applicable Standard and Sepia Drawings, current editions. Article references are to the Standard Specifications. This work shall consist of:

(1) Maintain and Control Traffic; and (2) Furnish and install Inlaid Pavement Markers (IPMs) in recessed grooves; and (3) Any other work as specified by these notes and the Contract.

II. MATERIALS

The Department will sample all materials in accordance with the Department's Sampling Manual. Make the materials available for sampling a sufficient time in advance of the use of the materials to allow for the necessary time for testing unless otherwise specified in these Notes.

A. Maintain and Control Traffic. See the Traffic Control Plan.

B. Markers. Provide reflective lenses with depth control breakaway positioning tabs. Before furnishing the markers, provide to the Engineer the manufacturer’s current recommendations for adhesives and installation procedures. Use one brand and design throughout the project. Use markers meeting the specifications in the table below.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR HOUSING AND REFLECTOR Material: Polycarbonate Plastic Housing 2.00 oz. Weight: Reflector 2.00oz. Housing Size: 5.00" x 3.00" x 0.70" high

Specific Intensity of Reflectivity at 0.2° Observation Angle 3.0 at 0°entrance angle White: 1.2 at 20°entrance angle Yellow: 60% of white values Red: 25% of white values

C. Adhesives. Use adhesives that conform to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Inlaid Pavement Markers Page 2 of 4

III. CONSTRUCTION

A. Experimental Evaluation. The University of Kentucky Transportation Center will be evaluating this installation of IPMs. Notify the Engineer a minimum of 14 calendar days prior to beginning work. The Engineer will coordinate the University’s activities with the Contractor’s work.

B. Maintain and Control Traffic. See the Traffic Control Plan.

C. Installation. Install IPMs in recessed grooves cut into the final course of asphalt pavement according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Do not cut the grooves until the pavement has cured sufficiently to prevent tearing or raveling. Cut installation grooves using diamond blades on saws that accurately control groove dimensions. Remove all dirt, grease, oil, loose or unsound layers, and any other material from the marker area which would reduce the bond of the adhesive. Maintain pavement surfaces in a clean condition until placing markers.

Prepare the pavement surfaces, and install the markers in the recessed groove according to the drawing below. Ensure that the adhesive bed area is equal to the bottom area of the marker, and apply adhesive in sufficient quantity to force excess out around the entire perimeter of the marker. Use materials, equipment, and construction procedures that ensure proper adhesion of the markers to the pavement surface according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Remove all excess adhesive from in front of the reflective faces. If any adhesive or foreign matter cannot be removed from the reflective faces, or if any marker fails to properly adhere to the pavement surface, remove and replace the marker at no additional cost to the Department.

.40

Adhesive 18'' Blade Diameter

D. Location and Spacing. Install the markers in the pattern for high reflectivity with two (2) IPMs per groove. Locate and space markers as shown in the current Standard Drawings or Sepias. (Note: use Inlaid Pavement Markers wherever Type V Inlaid Pavement Markers Page 3 of 4

Pavement Markers are called for.) Do not install markers on decks. Do not install a marker on top of a pavement joint or crack. Offset the recessed groove a minimum of 2 inches from any longitudinal pavement joint or crack and at least one inch from the painted stripe, ensuring that the finished line of markers is straight with minimal lateral deviation. Give preference to maintaining the 2-inch offset between recessed groove and joint as opposed to keeping the line of markers straight.

5.25''

3.5' 2.0' 9.0'

.40'' .40'' 1.00'' .12''

Place inlaid markers as much in line with existing pavement striping as possible. Place markers installed along an edge line or channelizing line so that the near edge of the plastic housing is no more than one inch from the near edge of the line. Place markers installed along a lane line between and in line with the dashes. Do not place markers over the lines except where the lines deviate visibly from their correct alignment, and then only after obtaining the Engineer’s prior approval of the location.

If conflicts between recessed groove placement in relation to pavement joint and striping cannot be resolved, obtain the Engineer’s approval to eliminate the marker or revise the alignment.

E. Disposal of Waste. Dispose of all removed asphalt pavement, debris, and other waste at sites off the right of way obtained by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Department. See the Special Provision for Waste and Borrow Sites.

F. Restoration. Be responsible for all damage to public and/or private property resulting from the work. Restore all damaged features in like kind materials and design at no additional cost to the Department.

G. On-Site Inspection. Make a thorough inspection of the site prior to submitting a bid and be thoroughly familiar with existing conditions so that the work can be expeditiously performed after a contract is awarded. The Department will consider submission of a bid as evidence of this inspection having been made and will not honor any claims for Inlaid Pavement Markers Page 4 of 4

money or grant Contract time extensions resulting from site conditions.

H. Caution. Do not take information shown on the drawings and in this proposal and the types and quantities of work listed as an accurate or complete evaluation of the material and conditions to be encountered during construction, but consider the types and quantities of work listed as approximate only. The bidder must draw his or her own conclusion as to the conditions encountered. The Department does not give any guarantee as to the accuracy of the data and no claim will be considered for additional compensation or extension of Contract time if the conditions encountered are not in accordance with the information shown.

IV. MEASUREMENT

A. Maintain and Control Traffic. See the Traffic Control Plan.

B. Inlaid Pavement Markers. The Department shall measure as Each. One (1) installation of “INLAID PAVEMENT MARKER” will consist of grooving the pavement, removing asphalt cuttings and debris, preheating pavement to remove moisture, adhesives, and installation of two (2) markers with all lenses in accordance with this note.

Note: Each pay item of Inlaid Pavement Marker will require two markers.

V. PAYMENT

A. Maintain and Control Traffic. See the Traffic Control Plan.

B. Inlaid Pavement Markers. The Department will make payment for the completed and accepted quantities of completely installed “INLAID PAVEMENT MARKERS” at the Contract unit price, Each. Accept payment as full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials, and incidentals necessary to accomplish this work to the satisfaction of the Engineer. A system of one (1) groove and two (2) markers shall be paid as one “INLAID PAVEMENT MARKER”. The bid item “INLAID PAVEMENT MARKER” shall be used regardless of the color and type of lenses required.

SLOTTED TWO-WAY SLOTTED ONE-WAY RECESSED PREFORMED PAVEMENT MARKER PAVEMENT MARKER PAVEMENT MARKING

7'-7.5" 4' 2' 0.5" (TYP)

PLAN 3'-6" 3'-6" 3'-6" 6" (LEVEL)

7.5" (LEVEL) 4" 4.5" 4.5" 0.5" (TYP) TWO-WAY MARKER ONE-WAY MARKER

PAVEMENT PAVEMENT PAVEMENT SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE ELEVATION ELEVATION ELEVATION 0.75" 0.75" (TYP) (TYP)

3'-6" 3'-6" 3'-6" R6" (MIN) ELEVATION 7.5" (LEVEL) 6" (LEVEL) 150 +/- 5 MILS

NOTES:

1. NOT TO SCALE. SOME LINE WORK EXAGGERATED FOR

ISOMETRIC CLARITY. 2. THERE SHALL BE 0.125" OF CLEARANCE BETWEEN THE TOP OF A PAVEMENT MARKER AND THE PAVEMENT SURFACE. 3. GROOVE FOR RECESSED PREFORMED PAVEMENT MARKING SHALL BE 1" +/-0.25" LONGER AND 1" +/-0.25" WIDER THAN THE MARKING.

TRAFFIC & SAFETY STANDARDS IN-PAVEMENT SUPPLEMENTAL SECTION 860 DELINEATION 864.3.1 TWO-LANE UNDIVIDED

SOLID YELLOW LINE WITH DOUBLE YELLOW LINE SOLID WHITE LINE BROKEN YELLOW LINE BROKEN YELLOW LINE

40' (TYP)

80' (TYP) 40' (TYP) 80' (TYP)

← NO PASSING NO PASSING ZONE PASSING PERMITTED PASSING PERMITTED →

MULTI-LANE UNDIVIDED

40' (TYP)

80' (TYP)

DOUBLE YELLOW LINE BROKEN WHITE LINE

SYMBOL ITEM DESCRIPTION

864.35 SLOTTED PAVEMENT MARKER TWO-WAY YELLOW/YELLOW

864.32 SLOTTED PAVEMENT MARKER ONE-WAY YELLOW

864.31 SLOTTED PAVEMENT MARKER ONE-WAY WHITE

TRAFFIC & SAFETY STANDARDS IN-PAVEMENT SUPPLEMENTAL SECTION 860 DELINEATION FOR UNDIVIDED HIGHWAYS 864.3.2 SOLID YELLOW LINE ONE-WAY RED PAVEMENT MARKERS RECESSED PREFORMED BROKEN WHITE LINE SHALL END NEAR PHYSICAL GORE PAVEMENT MARKING

PHYSICAL GORE

80' (TYP) 80' (TYP)

DOTTED WHITE LINE FOR WIDE SOLID WHITE LINE DECELERATION LANE FOR GORE AREA ONE-WAY RED PAVEMENT MARKERS IN DECELERATION LANE SHALL START NEAR APPROXIMATE END OF EDGE LINE SOLID WHITE LINE TAPER, IN LINE WITH MAINLINE MARKERS

START OF EDGE LINE TAPER END OF EDGE LINE TAPER SOLID YELLOW LINE

TWO-WAY YELLOW/RED PAVEMENT MARKERS SHALL START AT THE START 600' (MIN) OF THE SOLID YELLOW LINE AND EXTEND LENGTH OF RAMP

ONE-WAY RED PAVEMENT MARKERS SHALL START A MINIMUM OF 600 FEET UPSTREAM OF START OF WIDE SOLID WHITE LINE FOR GORE AREA

SYMBOL ITEM DESCRIPTION

864.34 SLOTTED PAVEMENT MARKER TWO-WAY YELLOW/RED

864.30 SLOTTED PAVEMENT MARKER ONE-WAY RED

TRAFFIC & SAFETY STANDARDS IN-PAVEMENT SUPPLEMENTAL SECTION 860 DELINEATION FOR OFF-RAMPS 864.3.3 A B B

Marking Marking Width + 1±0.125 in. Width Marking Width

3 ± 1 in. 3 ± 1 in. Taper Marking Length Taper Marking Length

9 Material 1 Recess depth Thickness 0

2 from top of pvmt. Top of pavement Top of pavement - to top of material Marking Material 0 1 - 7 0

Groove

Depth

n g

d Material . Thickness SECTION B - B 1 2 5

m SECTION A - A t

GROOVE INSTALLED GROOVE AND MATERIAL DIMENSIONS SURFACE INSTALLED MATERIAL THICKNESS

Material Pavement Marking Material Type Groove Depth Recess Depth Pavement Marking Material Type Thickness Thickness

Durable Method 'A' & Method 'D' 220 ± 20 mils 45 ± 5 mils Var. Durable Method 'A' & Method 'B' & Method 'D' 120 mils

High Performance 60 ± 10 mils Var. 25 mils High Performance 25 mils

GROOVE INSTALLED MARKINGS SURFACE INSTALLED MARKINGS

CALC. BOOK NO. N/A BASELINE REPORT DATE 07/05/2013

All material and workmanship shall be in accordance with General Notes: NOTE: the current Oregon Standard Specifications. 1) See Standard Drawing TM500 and/or project plans for marking length and width dimensions. The selection and use of this 2) See Standard Specification 00850.46 for marking installation tolerances. OREGON STANDARD DRAWINGS Standard Drawing, while de- signed in accordance with DURABLE & HIGH PERFORMANCE generally accepted engineer- PAVEMENT MARKINGS

T ing principles and practices, SURFACE & GROOVE INSTALLED M is the sole responsibility of NON-PROFILED 5

2 the user and should not be 2018 1 used without consulting a DATE REVISION DESCRIPTION Registered Professional En- gineer.

TM521 Effective Date: December 01, 2019 - May 31, 2020 Pavement Marker

A A A 3" Pavement Marker A 9"

1 1 5" To 5 4" 5" To 5 4"

Flat Taper Flat (6") Taper Taper Taper (12")

9 1 0 2 - 0

1 PLAN VIEW

- PLAN VIEW 7 0

n g d . 7

1 Top of pvmt. Top of pvmt.

5 1 1 1 1 8" to 4" from top of pvmt. 8" to 4" from top of pvmt. m

t to top of marker to top of marker

1 1 1 1 15 40 40 40

SECTION A - A SECTION A - A

BI-DIRECTIONAL RECESSED PAVEMENT MARKER DETAIL MONO-DIRECTIONAL RECESSED PAVEMENT MARKER DETAIL

To be accompanied by Standard Dwg. Nos. TM502 and TM515

CALC. BOOK NO. N/A BASELINE REPORT DATE 07/01/2015

NOTE: All material and workmanship shall be in accordance with the current Oregon Standard Specifications.

The selection and use of this OREGON STANDARD DRAWINGS Standard Drawing, while de-

L E G E N D signed in accordance with generally accepted engineer- RECESSED PAVEMENT MARKERS T Direction of Travel ing principles and practices, M is the sole responsibility of 5 Bi-directional yellow marker reflects yellow

1 both left and right in this symbol the user and should not be 2018 7 used without consulting a DATE REVISION DESCRIPTION Mono-directional crystal white marker reflects white to the left in this symbol Registered Professional En- gineer.

TM517 Effective Date: December 01, 2019 - May 31, 2020 SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES 81-1 GENERAL 81-1.01 GENERAL Section 81-1 includes general specifications for fabricating, installing, and placing miscellaneous traffic control devices. Traffic control devices must comply with the California MUTCD.

81-1.02 MATERIALS Not Used

81-1.03 CONSTRUCTION Not Used

81-1.04 PAYMENT Not Used

81-2 DELINEATORS 81-2.01 GENERAL 81-2.01A Summary Section 81-2 includes specifications for fabricating and installing delineators.

81-2.01B Definitions Reserved

81-2.01C Submittals Submit a certificate of compliance for: 1. Metal target plates 2. Enamel coating

81-2.01D Quality Assurance When tested under California Test 671, the enamel coating on a metal target plate must have satisfactory resistance to weathering, humidity, salt spray, and chemicals. The enamel coating must have: 1. Satisfactory adherence and impact resistance 2. Pencil lead hardness of at least HB 3. 60-degree specular gloss of at least 80 percent 4. Excitation purity of no more than 3 percent: 4.1 As received 4.2 After 1,000 hours in an artificial weathering device when tested under ASTM G155, Table X3.1, Cycle 1 5. Daylight luminous directional reflectance (Y value) of at least 70

The Department may sample metal target plates for testing as shown in the following table:

Metal Target Plate Sampling Production stage Lot size Sample size Finished target plates Less than 5,000 5 target plates 5,000–10,000 10 target plates Flat sheet stock 10,000 sq ft or lessa Five 12-by-24-inch specimens Coil stock 5,000 lb or less Two 12-by-12-inch specimens or one 12-by-24- inch specimen aFlat sheet stock must be identifiable with parent coil stock.

The Department rejects the entire lot if any sample does not comply with section 81 or zinc-coated steel sheets show any evidence of damage to or removal of the zinc coating. SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES If the Department chooses to resample, the sample quantity may be twice the number shown in the table titled "Metal Target Plate Sampling."

81-2.02 MATERIALS 81-2.02A General A delineator must be on the Authorized Material List for signing and delineation materials. A delineator consists of a post and 2 target plates.

81-2.02B Wood Posts Wood posts must comply with section 82-3.02C.

81-2.02C Metal Posts The steel for a metal post must comply with ASTM A36/A36M. A metal post must be galvanized under section 75.

81-2.02D Flexible Posts A flexible post must be: 1. White except where shown as yellow 2. Free from burns, discoloration, contamination, and other objectionable marks or defects that affect appearance or serviceability

81-2.02E Target Plates Galvanize steel sheets under section 75. Zinc-coated steel sheets must comply with ASTM A653/A 653M, Commercial Steel, Types A, B, and C. The nominal thickness of a zinc-coated steel sheet must be at least 0.038 inch. Prepare zinc-coated surfaces to produce optimum adherence of the enamel coating without damaging or removing the zinc coating. An aluminum target plate must be aluminum alloy 3003-H14. You may use other alloys having equivalent properties if authorized. The nominal thickness of an aluminum sheet must be at least 0.050 inch. Prepare the aluminum sheets for the enamel coating by cleaning to remove contaminants and uniformly applying an acid-chromate-fluoride, acid-chromate-fluoride phosphate, or equivalent chemical anticorrosion conversion coating. Cut each target plate to size and shape and punch the mounting bolt holes. The surfaces and edges of each target plate must be free from fabrication defects. Coat the pretreated metal target plate with an opaque white coating on both sides using a 1-coat or 2- coat system. When tested under California Test 671, the dry film for the: 1. 1-coat system must be uniform and have an average thickness of at least 0.75 mil with no individual measurement less than 0.65 mil 2. 2-coat system must consist of 0.10- to 0.20-mil-thick primer and have an average thickness of at least 0.75 mil, including primer and top coat, with no individual measurement less than 0.65 mil

For a 1-coat painting system, fabricate the zinc-coated steel target plate, including shearing, cutting, and punching, before starting the enameling process. The enamel coating on a metal target plate must be the product of a commercial manufacturer. Apply the enamel coating by spray, dip, roller, continuous roller coating, or other authorized method. The coating must be smooth and substantially free from flow lines, paint , streaks, blisters, and other defects that might impair serviceability or detract from the general appearance. A finished metal target plate must be free from dents and defects. The maximum edge-to-edge surface deviation from a horizontal plane must not exceed 1/8 inch. SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES 81-2.02F Hardware Attach a target plate with either (1) 1/4-inch galvanized steel or aluminum nuts and bolts or (2) 3/16-inch blind aluminum rivets and washers.

81-2.02G–81-2.02L Reserved 81-2.03 CONSTRUCTION Drive the post in place where soil conditions allow if the driving method does not damage the post. Drill pilot holes if ground conditions are such that the post cannot be driven without being damaged. Install the target plates after the post is set in place. After setting the post, fill any space around it with rock-free earth. Thoroughly tamp and water the fill material such that it holds the post securely in position. Unless the surplus material is hazardous, uniformly spread it along the adjacent roadway where designated by the Engineer. Before Contract acceptance, spot paint any exposed areas where the paint is damaged and clean any exposed areas that are soiled.

81-2.04 PAYMENT Not Used

81-3 PAVEMENT MARKERS 81-3.01 GENERAL 81-3.01A Summary Section 81-3 includes specifications for placing pavement markers.

81-3.01B Definitions Reserved

81-3.01C Submittals Submit a certificate of compliance for each type of pavement marker used.

81-3.01D Quality Assurance Reserved

81-3.02 MATERIALS 81-3.02A General A pavement marker must be on the Authorized Material List for signing and delineation materials. Pavement markers must be packaged in a way that prevents damage. Each package must be marked with: 1. Manufacturer's name 2. Type 3. Color 4. Quantity 5. Lot number 6. Date of manufacture

Protect pavement markers from moisture during shipment to the job site and when stored at the job site.

81-3.02B Reserved 81-3.02C Retroreflective Pavement Markers The exterior surface of a retroreflective pavement marker must be smooth and contain 1 or 2 retroreflective faces of the specified color. SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The base of the marker must be rough textured and free from gloss and substances that could reduce the adhesive bond. The base must be flat within a 0.05-inch tolerance. A retroreflective pavement marker must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Retroreflective Pavement Marker Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Bond strength (min, psi)a 500 Compressive strength (min, lb)b 2,000 Compressive strength, recessed 1,200 markers (min, lb) Abrasion resistance, specific intensity Pass minimum requirements after abrasion California Test 669 No delamination of the body and lens Water soak resistance system or loss of reflectance Specific intensity Reflectance Clear Yellow Red 0° incidence angle (min) 3.0 1.5 0.75 20° incidence angle (min) 1.2 0.60 0.30 1 year after placement 0.30 0.15 0.08 aThe marker body or filler material must not fail before reaching 500 psi under the bond strength test. bThe marker must not deform more than 0.125 inch at a load of less than 2,000 lb, and delamination of the shell and filler material must not exceed 0.125 inch regardless of the compressive load required to break the marker.

81-3.02D Hot Melt Bituminous Adhesive Standard hot melt bituminous adhesive must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Penetration, 100 g, 5 seconds, 77 °F (dmm) ASTM D5 10–20 Softening point (min, °F) ASTM D36 200 Flash point, COC (min, °F) ASTM D92 550 Filler content (percent by weight) ASTM D2371 65–75 (insoluble in 1,1,1 trichloroethane) Brookfield thermosel viscosity, no. 27 spindle, 20 rpm, ASTM D4402 3,000–6,000 400 °F (centipoise)

Flexible hot melt bituminous adhesive must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Penetration, 100 g, 5 seconds, 77 °F (max, dmm) ASTM D5 30 Softening point (min, °F) ASTM D36 200 Ductility, 2 in/min, 77 °F (min, in) 6 ASTM D113 Ductility, 0.4 in/min, 39 °F (min, in) 2 Flexibility California Test 440 No breaks or cracks Brookfield thermosel viscosity, no. 27 spindle, 20 rpm, ASTM D4402 2,500–6,000 375 °F (centipoise) Bond strength to concrete (min, psi) California Test 440 100 Bond strength to retroreflective pavement marker (min, California Test 440 120 psi)

The filler material must be Type PC, Grade III, calcium carbonate complying with ASTM D1199. The fineness of the filler material must comply with the gradation requirements shown in the following table: SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Sieve size Percentage passing No. 100 100 No. 200 95 No. 325 75

81-3.02E Epoxy Adhesive The epoxy adhesive must be either rapid set or standard set.

81-3.03 CONSTRUCTION 81-3.03A General Establish the alignment for placing pavement markers. Do not place pavement markers over longitudinal or transverse joints in the pavement surface. Place pavement markers when the pavement surface is dry. Before placing pavement markers, remove undesirable material from the pavement surface, including dirt, curing compound, grease, oil, loose or unsound layers, and paint. Regardless of the pavement's age or type, clean the surface by abrasive blast cleaning except where you apply hot melt bituminous adhesive on clean or on a new clean seal coat. Apply pavement markers to the pavement with bituminous adhesive, flexible bituminous adhesive, standard set epoxy, or rapid set epoxy adhesive. Apply markers in pavement recesses with flexible bituminous adhesive. Comply with the manufacturer's installation instructions for the type of adhesive used. Completely cover the pavement surface where the pavement marker is to be applied or the bottom of the pavement marker with the adhesive without leaving any voids. Place the marker into position and firmly apply pressure until contact is made with the pavement. Apply enough adhesive such that it protrudes around the marker's edges after pressing it into place. Place retroreflective pavement markers such that each retroreflective face is perpendicular to a line parallel to the roadway centerline. The Engineer determines when the adhesive has set long enough for newly installed pavement markers to bear traffic.

81-3.03B Hot Melt Bituminous Adhesive If using hot melt bituminous adhesive, place pavement markers on asphalt concrete or a new seal coat (1) after the surface or seal coat has been open to traffic for at least 7 days and (2) when the pavement and ambient air temperatures are above 50 degrees F. Indirectly heat hot melt bituminous adhesive in an applicator with continuous agitation or recirculation. Do not heat hot melt bituminous adhesive above the manufacturer's maximum safe heating temperature. Place pavement markers immediately after applying hot melt bituminous adhesive. Remove any adhesive from the marker's exposed lenses using a soft rag moistened with the manufacturer's instructed solvent.

81-3.03C Epoxy Adhesive If using epoxy adhesive, place pavement markers on asphalt concrete or a new seal coat (1) after the surface or seal coat has been open to public traffic for at least 14 days and (2) at the pavement and ambient air temperatures complying with the epoxy adhesive manufacturer's instructions. Use automatic mixing equipment for the epoxy adhesive. The equipment must: 1. Have positive displacement pumps 2. Properly meter the 2 components of the epoxy adhesive in the specified ratio of ±5 percent by volume of either component

SECTION 81 MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The voids in an undisturbed sample of cured, mixed epoxy adhesive obtained from the extrusion nozzle of the mixing equipment must not exceed 4 percent. At the start of each day, check the ratio of the 2 components in the presence of the Engineer by (1) disconnecting the mixing heads or (2) using suitable bypass valves and filling 2 suitable containers with the unmixed components. The mixing head must properly mix the 2 components until black or white streaks are not visible in the mixed material. Apply epoxy adhesive and place pavement markers before the epoxy starts to thicken. Apply enough epoxy such that it flows and protrudes around the marker's edges when a slight pressure is applied to the marker.

81-3.03D Pavement Recesses Locate pavement recesses along the line or lines of new or existing stripes. Do not construct recesses on existing structures. The equipment used for recess construction must be power operated, mechanical, and capable of removing pavement to the dimensions shown. Remove residue with a vacuum before it is blown by traffic or wind. Do not allow the residue to flow across the pavement or into gutters or drainage facilities.

81-3.04 PAYMENT Not Used

81-4–81-7 RESERVED 81-8 EXISTING PAVEMENT MARKERS AND DELINEATORS 81-8.01 GENERAL Section 81-8 includes specifications for performing work on existing pavement markers and delineators. Work performed on existing pavement markers and delineators must comply with section 15.

81-8.02 MATERIALS Not Used

81-8.03 CONSTRUCTION 81-8.03A General Not Used

81-8.03B Remove Pavement Markers Remove pavement markers and the underlying adhesive by methods that cause the least possible damage to the pavement or surfacing. When removing ceramic-type pavement markers, use screens or other protective devices to contain fragments. Remove fragments from the removal work before opening the lanes to traffic.

81-8.03C Reserved 81-8.04 PAYMENT Not Used

81-9–81-10 RESERVED