Harvest and Exploitation Chapter 10
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Rice, Technology, and History: the Case of China
RICE, TECHNOLOGY, AND HISTORY The Case of China By Francesca Bray Wet-rice farming systems have a logic of technical and economic evolution that is distinctively different from the more familiar Western pattern of agricultural development. The well-documented history of rice farming in China provides an opportunity for students to reassess some commonly held ideas about tech- nical efficiency and sustainable growth. rom 1000 to 1800 CE China was the world’s most populous state and its most powerful and productive economy. Rice farming was the mainstay of this empire. Rice could be grown successfully in only about half of the territory, in the south- F ern provinces where rainfall was abundant. There it was the staple food for all social classes, landlords and peasants, officials and artisans alike. The more arid climate in the north was not suited to rice; northern farmers grew dry-land grains like wheat, millet, and sorghum for local consumption. But the yields of these grains were relatively low, whereas southern rice farming produced sufficient surpluses to sustain government and commerce throughout China. Vast quantities of rice were brought north to provision the capital city— home to the political elite, the imperial court, and all the state ministries—and to feed the huge armies stationed along the northern frontier. People said that the north was like a lazy brother living off the generosity of his hard-working and productive southern sibling. Thou- sands of official barges carried rice from Jiangnan to the capital region along the Grand Canal, and more rice still was transported north in private ships along the coast (fig. -
The Keystone State's Official Fishing and Boating Magazine PROTECT • CONSERVE • ENHANCE , RESOURCE FIRST CONSERVE 2000
The Keystone State's Official Fishing and Boating Magazine PROTECT • CONSERVE • ENHANCE , RESOURCE FIRST CONSERVE 2000 The Fish and Boat Commission recently adopted a new strate to our resource stewardship activities. The Conserve 2000 pro gic plan entitled, "Enhancing Fishing and Boating in Penn gram provides this new mechanism. The Commission is op sylvania - Strategies for the 21st Century." I hope you took timistic that the program will be well-supported. Clearly, the opportunity to review and comment on the plan in its conservation of the Commonwealth's natural resources is im draft form. If you did not, the final printed version will be portant to all Pennsylvanians. As part of the Conserve 2000 available very soon. If you reviewed the plan, you undoubt effort, proceeds from sales of voluntary water conservation edly noticed that the cornerstone theme for the Commission stamps and related promotional and commemorative items in the 21st century is resource stewardship. This focus is not will be deposited in a restricted receipt account. These funds new for the Commission. We have long recognized that quality will be used exclusively to support Commission resource stew fishing and boating opportunities depend on clean water and ardship activities including watershed protection, manage effective conservation of the Commonwealth's aquatic re ment, and enhancement efforts. sources. Indeed, conservation has been the hallmark of Com The Commission's new strategic plan emphasizes cooperative mission programs since our founding in 1866 to address efforts as a key to achieving the Commission's mission and declining American shad runs in the state's waters. -
Timber Users, Timber Savers: Homestake Mining Company and the First Regulated Timber Harvest
Copyright © 1992 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Timber Users, Timber Savers: Homestake Mining Company and the First Regulated Timber Harvest RICHMOND L CLOW The Progressive Fra (1900-1916) has emerged as a period crucial to the success of the late nineteenth century conservation crusade. During this optimistic era of social reform, with its faith in tech- nology and efficiency, demands for a halt to the destruction and waste of the nation's natural resources became established federal policy. Many studies have examined the varied themes of the con- servation movement, from the aesthetic importance of the environ- ment to the fear that the depletion of resources, such as timber, threatened the very existence of American society.' These studies have most often defined the users of resources as the despoilers of the environment. Such an approach, however, ignores the role of industry in conservation. 1. Samuel P. Hays, Conser\'ation and the Cospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Con- servation Movement, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959), pp. 1-3. Donald ]. Pisani, in "Forests and Conservation, 1865-1890,"/ouma/oMmencan History 75 (Sept. 1985): 340-59, asserts that a conservation "ethic" existed for several decades before Progressive reformers popularized the cause. While scientists led the later movement, its leaders in the post-Civil War years were as often "moralists and philosophers" who anticipated modern conservationists in their understanding of the interrelatedness of natural resources. For more on the late nineteenth cen- tury fears of timber famine that helped lo spur the conservation movement, see David A. -
Harvest Ceremony
ATLANTIC OCEAN PA\\' fl.. Xf I I' I \ f 0 H I PI \ \. I \I ION •,, .._ "', Ll ; ~· • 4 .. O\\'\\1S s-'' f1r~~' ~, -~J.!!!I • .. .I . _f' .~h\ ,. \ l.J rth..i'i., \ inc-v •.u d .. .. .... Harvest Ceremony BEYOND THE THANK~GIVING MYTH - a study guide Harvest Ceremony BEYOND THE THANKSGIVING MYTH Summary: Native American people who first encountered the “pilgrims” at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts play a major role in the imagination of American people today. Contemporary celebrations of the Thanksgiving holiday focus on the idea that the “first Thanksgiving” was a friendly gathering of two disparate groups—or even neighbors—who shared a meal and lived harmoniously. In actuality, the assembly of these people had much more to do with political alliances, diplomacy, and an effort at rarely achieved, temporary peaceful coexistence. Although Native American people have always given thanks for the world around them, the Thanksgiving celebrated today is more a combination of Puritan religious practices and the European festival called Harvest Home, which then grew to encompass Native foods. The First People families, but a woman could inherit the position if there was no male heir. A sachem could be usurped by In 1620, the area from Narragansett Bay someone belonging to a sachem family who was able in eastern Rhode Island to the Atlantic Ocean in to garner the allegiance of enough people. An unjust or southeastern Massachusetts, including Cape Cod, unwise sachem could find himself with no one to lead, Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket, was the home as sachems had no authority to force the people to do of the Wampanoag. -
Leading Harvest Awarded Walton Family Foundation Grant to Scale
Contact Kathleen Barada [email protected] Leading Harvest Awarded Walton Family Foundation Grant to Scale Sustainable Agriculture on Family Farms Funding supports pilot program in the Upper Mississippi River Watershed to remove barriers, accelerate sustainability certification, and generate market opportunity for producers Arlington, Va. (Thursday, October 29, 2020) – Leading Harvest, a leader in sustainable agriculture, today announced it has been awarded a Walton Family Foundation grant to support its work with farmers in the Upper Mississippi River Watershed. Leading Harvest will engage growers to adopt certifiable land management practices aimed at improving environmental, economic and social outcomes, including the quality of waterways flowing into the Mississippi River and mitigating environmental damage in the Gulf of Mexico. The grant, which will help fund a pilot program providing education and training to crop farmers in the Upper Mississippi River Watershed, advances Leading Harvest’s efforts nationwide to grow its industry-leading Farmland Management Standard. The Standard is the first scalable, industry-wide solution to the urgent issues facing our communities – from climate change and biodiversity, to the resilience of our croplands and communities. The Standard also includes indicators for water use and water quality, including fertilizer application and runoff protection. “We thank the Walton Family Foundation for recognizing Leading Harvest’s innovative efforts to promote sustainable agriculture through our Farmland Management Standard,” said Kenny Fahey, executive director of Leading Harvest. “This grant will enable us to work directly with producers in the Mississippi River Watershed to both recognize as well as enhance their efforts in sustainable agriculture and increase their market position by certifying their environmental and social management systems.” The pilot program will audit and certify sustainability activities, both those existing currently as well as facilitated through training initiatives, on family farms. -
Ramping up Reforestation in the United States: a Guide for Policymakers March 2021 Cover Photo: CDC Photography / American Forests
Ramping up Reforestation in the United States: A Guide for Policymakers March 2021 Cover photo: CDC Photography / American Forests Executive Summary Ramping Up Reforestation in the United States: A Guide for Policymakers is designed to support the development of reforestation policies and programs. The guide highlights key findings on the state of America’s tree nursery infrastructure and provides a range of strategies for encouraging and enabling nurseries to scale up seedling production. The guide builds on a nationwide reforestation assessment (Fargione et al., 2021) and follow-on assessments (Ramping Up Reforestation in the United States: Regional Summaries companion guide) of seven regions in the contiguous United States (Figure 1). Nursery professionals throughout the country informed our key findings and strategies through a set of structured interviews and a survey. Across the contiguous U.S., there are over 133 million acres of reforestation opportunity on lands that have historically been forested (Cook-Patton et al., 2020). This massive reforestation opportunity equals around 68 billion trees. The majority of opportunities occur on pastureland, including those with poor soils in the Eastern U.S. Additionally, substantial reforestation opportunities in the Western U.S. are driven by large, severe wildfires. Growing awareness of this potential has led governments and organizations to ramp up reforestation to meet ambitious climate and biodiversity goals. Yet, there are many questions about the ability of nurseries to meet the resulting increase in demand for tree seedlings. These include a lack of seed, workforce constraints, and insufficient nursery infrastructure. To meet half of the total reforestation opportunity by 2040 (i.e., 66 million acres) would require America’s nurseries to produce an additional 1.8 billion seedlings each year. -
The Institutional Causes of China's Great Famine, 1959–1961
Review of Economic Studies (2015) 82, 1568–1611 doi:10.1093/restud/rdv016 © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Review of Economic Studies Limited. Advance access publication 20 April 2015 The Institutional Causes of China’s Great Famine, 1959–1961 Downloaded from XIN MENG Australian National University NANCY QIAN Yale University http://restud.oxfordjournals.org/ and PIERRE YARED Columbia University First version received January 2012; final version accepted January 2015 (Eds.) This article studies the causes of China’s Great Famine, during which 16.5 to 45 million individuals at Columbia University Libraries on April 25, 2016 perished in rural areas. We document that average rural food retention during the famine was too high to generate a severe famine without rural inequality in food availability; that there was significant variance in famine mortality rates across rural regions; and that rural mortality rates were positively correlated with per capita food production, a surprising pattern that is unique to the famine years. We provide evidence that an inflexible and progressive government procurement policy (where procurement could not adjust to contemporaneous production and larger shares of expected production were procured from more productive regions) was necessary for generating this pattern and that this policy was a quantitatively important contributor to overall famine mortality. Key words: Famines, Modern chinese history, Institutions, Central planning JEL Codes: P2, O43, N45 1. INTRODUCTION -
12December1993.Pdf
Pennsylvania :v ?$* /5P JZ2 ( s. •w ,~ • • / Qaik Progress with Warmwater Fishing Programs Since the introduction of the trout/salmon Let me review the progress made in the stream and angler-opinion surveys. New state permit in 1991, the Commission has often past three years with these important areas. wide bass regulations were implemented in been asked, "What are you doing for • Warmwater habitat enhancement, 1992, and special lake regulations have been warmwater fishing since you received ex protection. The Commission has expanded placed on many waters to enhance fishing tra funds for trout and salmon programs'?" its Adopt-a-Stream program to include many opportunities with excellent results. Greater The answer is simple. The Commission lake habitat improvement projects during emphasis has been placed on reducing an has made significant progress in all state the past three years. We have developed gler mortality, balancing predator/prey popu wide warmwater fishing programs. new kinds of attraction devices and a spe lations and habitat preservation. A major Just as many people mistakenly believe cially equipped work boat to install devices walleye stocking survival project has been good trout fishing is totally dependent on in lakes in many areas of the Commonwealth. implemented across the state to determine the "Great White Fleet," some warmwater Nearly 2,300 structures have been placed the best fish size and habitat conditions for fishermen mistakenly believe the Commis in warmwater impoundments. successful stocking. sion can increase their warmwater fishing American shad restoration efforts have Introduction of paddlefish and sauger to success with the wave of a magic wand. -
Upper Red Lake 04-0035-01 BELTRAMI COUNTY
Upper Red Lake 04-0035-01 BELTRAMI COUNTY Lake Water Quality Summary Upper Red Lake is located to the west of Waskish, MN in Beltrami County. The western half of the basin is located within the Red Lake Reservation. Upper and Lower Red Lake together is the largest inland water body in Minnesota. Upper Red Lake covers 119,274 acres and has a maximum depth of 15 feet (Table 1). Upper Red Lake has 41 inlets and one outlet, which classify it as a drainage lake (Figure 1). Water exits Upper Red Lake to Lower Red Lake and enters the Red Lake River, which flows west to the Red River. Water quality data have been collected on Upper Red Lake since 1990 (Tables 2-3). These data show that the lake is eutrophic (59), which is characteristic of dense aquatic plant growth and algae blooms in late summer. The Upper Red Lake walleye fishery is one of the most valuable resources to the local and state economy of all the lakes in Minnesota. Upper Red Lake is monitored extensively by the Red Lake Department of Natural Resources. This long-term data set is beneficial in future planning for this economically and ecologically valuable water resource. The Upper Red Lake Area Association is active in outreach, tourism promotion, and area events. Its mission is “To promote and enhance the Upper Red Lake Area, and the economic, commercial, and social interested of its inhabitants.” Table 1. Location data and physical characteristics for Upper Red Lake. Location Data Physical Characteristics MN Lake ID: 04-0035-01 Surface area (acres): 119,274 County: Beltrami % Littoral area: 100% Ecoregion: Northern Minnesota Wetlands Max depth (ft), (m): 15, 4.6 Major Drainage Basin: Upper/Lower Red Lake Inlets: 41 Latitude/Longitude: 48.131237 / -94.766452 Outlets: 1 Invasive Species: Starry stonewart Public Accesses: 2 Table 2. -
Direct Seeded Fall Root Crops Are Some of the Least Labor Intensive Crops to Grow on Our Farm
Summary: Direct seeded fall root crops are some of the least labor intensive crops to grow on our farm. Often fall root crops don’t require any cultivation or hand weeding. Later planting dates allow for all nutrient needs to be met via cover cropping. Late planting dates can also lower pest pressure, particularly if the crops are planted far away from summer crops of the same family. As we trend towards wetter or more consistent moisture in the fall, current weather patterns allow for little or no need for irrigation. Much of our fall root crop production is simply planting the crop and then harvesting it! Fall root crops are also more efficient to harvest relative to other veg crops, because root crops can be mass harvested and stored. Mass harvest allows for more efficient material handling, with the use of larger harvest containers and a more efficient organization of labor. The Use of a barrel washer and or brusher washer makes processing roots relatively quick. Planting root crops Field prep: Field cultivate (stale seed bed, summer fallow) successive times over fall root ground. Allow legume cover crop grow large before plow down helps with nutrient needs. Use of a precision seeder allows for no thinning. Even in beets! LatestPlanting Dates: Parsnips: May‐Early June (hardest root crop to grow) Carrots: last planting date mid‐late July Beets: end of July Brassicas: Rutabagas: end of July Watermelon Radish: early‐mid August Daikon, China Rose Radish, Korean Radish: mid August Hakurei Turnips: mid august to early September. Storage: winter storage of roots is often just an insulated room with a thermostat and a heat lamp. -
PENNSYLVANIA December 1947
PENNSYLVANIA December 1947 OFFICIAL STATE PUBLICATION VOL. XVI—NO. 12 DECEMBER, 1947 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE PENNSYLVANIA FISH COMMISSION DIVISION OF JAMES H. DUFF Governor PUBLICITY and PUBLIC RELATIONS CHARLES A. FRENCH . Commissioner of Fisheries J. ALLEN BARRETT DIRECTOR .si. MEMBERS OF BOARD PENNSYLVANIA ANGLER CHARLES A. FRENCH, Chairman RICHARD F. WILLIAMSON ELLWOOD CITY EDITOR MILTON L. PEEK FRED E. STONE CIRCULATOR RADNOR South Office Building, Harrisburg, Pa. PAUL F. BITTENBENDER KINGSTON 10 Cents a Copy—50 Cents a Year COL. A. H. STACKPOLE Subscriptions should be addressed to the Circulator, PENNSYL VANIA ANGLER, South Office Building, Harrisburg, Pa. Submit DAUPHIN fee either by check or money order payable to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Stamps not acceptable. Individuals sending cash BERNARD HORNE do so at their own risk. PITTSBURGH * PENNSYLVANIA ANGLER welcomes contributions and photos of catches from its readers. Proper credit will be given to con WILLIAM D. BURK tributors. Send manuscripts and photos direct to the PENNSYL MELROSE PARK—PHILADELPHIA VANIA ANGLER, South Office Building, Harrisburg. CLIFFORD J. WELSH Entered as Second Class matter at the Post Office of Harris ERIE burg, Pa., under act of March 3, 1873. CHARLES A. MENSCH BELLEFONTE IMPORTANT! The ANGLER should be notified immediately of change in sub scriber's address. Send both old and new addresses to Board of H. R. STACKHOUSE Fish Commissioners, South Office Building, Harrisburg, Pa. Secretary to the Board Permission to reprint will be granted if proper credit is given. C. R. BULLER Chief Fish Culturist Publication Office: Tele graph P ess, Cameron and Kelker Streets Harrisburg Pa. -
Walleye Fishing Guide
AAnngglleerr’’ss GGuuiiddee ttoo WWaalllleeyyee FFiisshhiinngg iinn GGeeoorrggiiaa Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division Fisheries Management Section February 2018 Walleye in Georgia Walleye is the most popular sport fish in the northern states and Canada, but it remains a relatively obscure species to most Georgia anglers. With expanding populations and an excellent reputation as table fare, walleyes are gaining the attention of increasing numbers of Georgia anglers. Walleye is a coolwater fish that is native to the Tennessee River and Coosa River Valley systems that flow through the heart of Fannin, Union, and Towns counties in northeast Georgia and in Dade, Walker and Catoosa counties in northwest Georgia. Rivers with Native American names like the Coosawattee, Conasauga, Etowah, Oostanaula, Toccoa, Nottely, and Hiwasee once contained native walleye populations. Native walleye declined in the state many years ago for a variety of reasons including loss of spawning habitat and overfishing. To rebuild and expand their distribution across North Georgia, a walleye stocking program was initiated in the 1960s. These early stockings were largely unsuccessful in all but a few mountain lakes; therefore, the walleye stocking program ceased in 1968. During the 1990s, declining numbers of walleye coupled with the rapid expansion of illegally introduced blueback herring sparked a renewed interest in re- establishing the walleye stocking program. In 2002, a fledgling walleye stocking program was reborn in Georgia. Today, eleven lakes receive annual stockings of walleye. These include lakes Seed, Rabun, Tugalo, Yonah and Hartwell in the Savannah River drainage, lakes Chatuge and Blue Ridge in the Tennessee Valley plus Lake Lanier, Carters Lake, and two lakes in the Rocky Mountain Public Fishing Area.