Landscape & Visual Assessment

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension

Technical Annex

For Grandhome Trust

September 2013

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Contents

Summary 3 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Proposed Development Site and Surroundings 5 3.0 Landscape and Existing Visibility of Site 20 4.0 Landscape and Visual Impact 27 5.0 Proposed Mitigation Measures 30 6.0 Statement of Significance 34 Appendices 37 References 78 Glossary of Terms 80

Appendices Appendix 1: Landscape and Visual Assessment Methodology Appendix 2: Development Plan Extracts Appendix 3: SNH Landscape Character Assessment Extracts Appendix 4: Viewpoint Photograph Technical Information Appendix 5: Existing Visibility (PPiP, Phase 1 & Masterplan,) Appendix 6: Visual Effect of Proposed Development without Mitigation (PPiP, Phase 1 & Masterplan)

Figures 1.1 SNH Landscape Character Assessment 1.2 Historic Map 1.3 Landscape Character 1.4 Landscape Features 1.5 Proposed Visibility and Viewpoint Photograph Locations 1.6 Viewpoint Photographs (1-14) 1.7 Additional Viewpoints 1.8 Views into the Site 1.9 Scenic Long Distance Views 1.10 Landscape Mitigation Measures (Landscape Concept, Structure, Framework & Elements) Tables 1.0 Summary of Evaluation of Landscape & Visual Effects

Project Ref: 299/JB_LA+UD Status: Final_4th June 2013

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Issue No: 3_20th September 2013 Summary

In brief, the landscape and visual assessment found that the overall effect on landscape and visual amenity of the proposed urban extension of Aberdeen at Grandhome would be moderate adverse, and therefore significant in terms of the adopted criteria. However, the permanent landscape and visual effect of the proposed development will decrease significantly over time by virtue of the development design and establishment of the associated landscape framework.

During construction, there will be a moderate landscape effect associated with the permanent removal of agricultural land and some landscape features while creating the new neighbourhoods. Proposed landscape mitigation measures include the extension of woodland planting, the reinforcement and addition of new woodland blocks, tree belts, copses, trees on ridgelines, avenues and stone walls, all of which are distinctive features that will add value to the overall landscape character.

The areas of greatest change in the character of views and visual amenity will be localised and range from major to moderate. For most residential properties and others in the wider surrounding area, the proposed development will be viewed in the context of the wider cityscape and the degree of change consequently ranges from moderate to minor. Change to the character of views will be limited over time by the proposed landscape framework.

Location, scale and character have been carefully considered in the design of the proposed urban extension with the aim of creating an appropriate and positive change to the environment, whilst respecting and enhancing the established local character. Views to and from the site have also been a key influence, the design aim being to develop an attractive overall composition for the development in its setting, well integrated within the wider Aberdeen cityscape.

The layout of the development and accompanying landscape supports the creation of a unique sense of place at Grandhome. The landscape framework retains and reinforces existing landscape features while adding a full complement of green spaces for formal and informal recreation as well as ‘wild’ areas that support biodiversity. The structure planting helps define neighbourhoods, screens or filters views, and provides a matrix of movement and biodiversity corridors. Together, these elements ensure the sympathetic integration of the development into the surrounding cityscape and landscape.

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background This Technical Annex provides an assessment of the potential impacts on landscape and visual amenity arising from the proposed new mixed use urban extension of Aberdeen at Grandhome - the the Planning Permission in Principle (PPiP) area (Phases 1-5, 4,700 units), the first Phase to be constructed at Laverock Brae (Phase 1, 500 units) and overall Masterplan (Phases 1-7, 7000 units).

Good practice as described in the “Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Assessment” (2002)1 has been followed in undertaking this appraisal and is described in Appendix 1.

The Technical Annex is organised as follows: Section 2.0 provides a description of the development site and surroundings.

Section 3.0 describes the landscape and existing visibility of the site (existing baseline conditions).

Section 4.0 provides an assessment of landscape and visual impact of the proposed development.

Section 5.0 outlines the proposed mitigation measures.

Section 6.0 summarises the overall effects on landscape and visual amenity, and presents a statement of significance.

In addition, reference is made to a number of Appendices, which contain the following information: Appendix 1 summarises the landscape and visual assessment methodology.

Appendix 2 presents relevant landscape and visual planning policy extracts from Development Plans.

Appendix 3 presents extracts from the SNH Landscape Character Assessment.

Appendix 4 provides technical background information regarding the viewpoint photographs.

Appendix 5 presents details of the existing (or baseline) views and visual amenity.

Appendix 6 presents details of potential change of views as a result of the proposed development without any mitigation.

1 The new third edition of the GLVIA was published in April 2013. The Landscape Institute (LI) have stated “In general terms the approach and methodologies in the new edition are the same, the main difference is that GLVIA 3 places greater emphasis on professional judgement and less emphasis on a formulaic approach” (LI Website). The LI and IEMA have advised that an assessment started using GLVIA 2 should be completed using that edition.

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

2.0 Proposed Development Site and Surroundings

2.1 Information Information regarding the environmental features and sensitivities of the proposed development site at Grandhome and surroundings is presented below and in Figures 1.1-1.2. Reference should also be made to the other ES Technical Annexes covering Cultural Heritage and Ecology.

Figure 1.1: presents the landscape character areas for the site and surrounding area, as identified by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH).

Figure 1.2: presents a historic map dated 1869 showing the proposed development site and surrounding area (OS First Edition).

The information provided in this section relates to a study area of 10km radius from the proposed development site at Grandhome and has been collected from published documents as well as during site visits, design workshops and meetings. Specifically, the following has been undertaken: -

. desk review of current environmental data, designations and policies relating to the study area . site appraisal of the environmental resources and potential receptors within the study area . reference to the Landscape Character Assessment by Scottish Natural Heritage . information available from Development Plans covering the study area, Pastmap, SNH, and the National Map Library for Scotland

2.2 Physical Description Location The proposed urban extension of Aberdeen at Grandhome is located approximately 6km north west of the centre of Aberdeen, adjacent to the Bridge of Don suburbs of Middleton Park and Danestone. The proposed development covers an area of approximately 320 hectares, lying to the north of the River Don and the A90 (T). Within the overall Masterplan area, the first phase of development encompasses Laverock Brae to the west of Whitestripes Avenue. This road links Danestone to Middleton Park and provides access to the Buckie Road residential area to the east. The five phases of the Planning Permission in Principle (PPiP) area extend westwards towards and beyond Monument Wood, and north of Whitestripes Road.

Geology, Soils and Drainage The north east lowlands project into the North Sea between the Old Red Sandstone areas of Moray and Strathmore. To the west the lowlands gently rise to the North East Grampian Highlands.

Geologically this is a complex region drained by many rivers, all of which rise in the Grampian Highlands. Despite the smoothing action of erosion across the complex lithology, several major physiographic regions have been identified. The city of Aberdeen and the proposed development is located within the “Skene Lowlands”2 which is underlain almost entirely by various granites. To the north is the “Buchan Platform” a gently rolling plain tilted to the east.

The solid geology of the general study area comprises Dalradian metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. The most resistant of the metamorphic rocks are quartzites, and these are associated with the high ground in the area, such as Brimmond and Tyrebagger Hills.

2 MISR (1982) Soil Survey of Scotland. Eastern Scotland. “Skene” -Gaelic referring to a small farming community.

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The Dalradian sequence is interrupted in places by intrusions of igneous rocks of the Caledonian Orogeny (i.e. mountain building episode). This underlies much of the west of the city, extending from the north of Dyce southwards to the River Dee. Rubislaw quarry, which supplied much of the granite from which Aberdeen was constructed, is located within this area. The proposed development site reflects this division, with the area to the north of Danestone Hill being metasedimentary rock of the Dalradian period and to the south, foliated muscovite-biotite granite.

To the east, along the coast, the city north of the River Dee is underlain by an outcrop of Old Red Sandstone from the Devonian period. The coast where the Old Red Sandstone occurs consists of the wide sandy beach at Aberdeen, the shifting estuary of the River Don and the dune system to the north. In contrast, where the Dalradian rocks form the coastline south of Aberdeen, the coast takes the form of cliffs.

The present landform of Aberdeen is the result of various erosional and depositional processes acting on the underlying geology over time. Generally, the more resistant rocks form the higher ground while the softer rocks have been subject to greater erosion. Glaciation and associated meltwater during periods of warming have deposited large amounts of eroded material and carved out channels in the substrate. Zones of relative weakness, for example existing river valleys or fault lines, were deepened the most.

Both the Dee and Don currently follow meltwater channels that were cut into the bedrock. The constricted and narrow outlet of the River Don negated its use as a harbour, but its steep course and rapids downstream from Cothall near Dyce lead to its use as a power source for textiles and later paper mills, which were located along its route. Other meltwater features such as valley side-terraces and eskers are apparent in the area, with, for example, the long ridge between the Dee and Don estuaries, at either end of which the early, separate settlements of Aberdeen were located (Whitlow 1992). The small scale, steeply sided undulating mounds between Tyrebagger and Brimmond Hills were formed by sand and gravel being deposited by melting ice.

Away from the meltwater channels, the retreating ice left widespread rock debris and sediment over the lower terrain. The work of clearing the larger stones from this boulder clay to improve the cultivability of the soil has resulted in the distinctive drystone dykes that form field boundaries in the area. The moraine mounds of sand and gravel which form Ferry Hill, Woolman Hill and Broad Hill for example, are distinctive features of the topography of Aberdeen.

The superficial geology of the proposed development site indicates that “Banchory Till Formation” of boulder clay and glacial moraine with fragments of metamorphic and igneous rock overlies the site. This matrix is largely derived from decomposed rock. Bedrock is noted to be at or near the surface at Persley Quarry and the north east corner of Monument Wood. To the north east of Danestone Hill, Lacustrine Deposits infilling former lake basins with silt, sand and clay are identified. Alluvium is noted along the River Don valley and there are isolated areas of peat, with the largest forming the Grandhome Moss to the north of the proposed development area.

The climate of the north east lowlands is characterised by considerable variability within the limits set by latitude, relief and maritime influence. The climate is broadly related to weather flowing across the warm waters of the Atlantic except when high-pressure systems are centred over Northern Europe. This brings rain, but considerably less than the west coast. When boreal anticyclones occur in winter, the main air stream is often a cold north-easterly, which brings maritime and continental polar air to the region. This can result in a considerable amount of snow, although there tends to be less on the coast than the higher altitudes. The easterly aspect also makes the city vulnerable to “haar” or sea mist, particularly in the spring.

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

The climatic and geological conditions of the north east tend to produce acid and podzolic soils. The main soil units of the study area belong to the Countesswells Association derived from the acid granitic rock; they range from a shallow stony, gritty drift with a coarse sandy loam texture to a loam or sandy clay loam till. The former is characteristic of convex slopes and has many rocks and boulders. Variations within this Association depend on how freely drained the soil is, with better drained soils generally occurring on higher ground. Two notable features of granite soils are the high content of stones - especially sub rounded boulders and shallowness. Soils formed from different parent material are found in the river valleys and tributaries, where they developed on alluvium or meltwater sorted sands and gravels.

Soil Unit 115 covers the majority of the development site with Unit 116 to the north west, and alluvium along the River Don. Climatically, these soil units are associated with regions of fairly warm, moderately dry lowlands, and foothills. Unit 115 is described as humus rich podzols with some brown forest soils and gleys, occurring in undulating lowlands. This soil type is associated with arable and permanent pastures, and dry boreal heather moor. Unit 116 is described as non-calcareous and peaty gleys, with some humic gleys and peat occurring in undulating lowlands and particularly depressions with poor drainage. This soil type has developed from similar material as Unit 115, but occupies depressions in many instances and is associated with arable and permanent pastures, rush pastures and sedge mires, bog heath and blanket bog.

Plant communities associated with Soil Units 115 and 116 include permanent and ley pastures (Lolio- Cynosuretum) with arable crops on cultivated land. Areas of very poor drainage have soft rush pasture (Ranunculus repens-Juncus effusus community) and sedge mires. On uncultivated areas, bog heather moors (Narthecio-Ericetum tetralis) and blanket bogs (Erico-sphagnetum papillosi) dominate.

The agricultural land capability classification, as assessed by the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, indicates the majority of the area as land capable of producing a moderate range of crops (Class 32). Lower quality Class 4 land encompasses the high ground around Monument Wood and Persley Quarry Wood where soil limitations are noted. There are very few areas of higher quality land, except in the alluvial soils next to the Rivers Dee and Don.

On soils of the Countesswells Association, this agricultural land classification reflects the depth of soil drainage limitations and extreme quantity of boulders. Rock outcrops occur fairly frequently, and woodland and trees are often grown where the ground is too stony for cultivation.

The contrast between the Don and Dee valleys has been highlighted in a local saying “The River Dee for fish and tree, the River Don for horn and corn”(Whittow, 1977). This difference reflects the more fertile and less acid soils of Donside supporting the extensive arable farmland of Buchan and Formartine, and speed of the constricted river, which has been harnessed to provide power for linen, cotton, woollen and paper mills.

Long term farming has improved the naturally low fertility of the soils of this area and the reclamation achievements of the north east farmer may be seen from the number of “consumption dykes”3 of granite boulders in areas of the Countesswells Association in the Skene Lowlands (Macaulay, 1982)

Drainage The northeast lowlands are drained by many watercourses, all of which rise in the Grampian Highlands, and within the Skene Lowlands is typified by major and minor watercourses flowing in a

3 A wide stone wall created to “consume” the rocks and boulders cleared from fields.

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west-to-east alignment towards the coast. The River Don passes to the south and west of the proposed development site.

The highest land, on Whitestripes Road, forms a watershed from which water drains to the north, south and west. At the local level, a manmade network of ditches provides field drainage across the proposed development site and flows into the natural watercourses. Specifically, the site drains towards four low lying areas: towards the River Don to the south west of the site; to an area of low lying ground in the bottom of the bowl shaped landform south of Whitestripes Road; to the small valley running west from Whitestripes Farm; and to Grandhome Moss beyond the northern boundary of the site.

Landform The city of Aberdeen and the proposed development site is located within the “Skene Lowlands” which is typified by rolling topography with long smooth slopes (MISR, 1982). The site slopes north, west and south from a high point of 90m AOD on Whitestripes Road. This ridge of high ground extends north eastwards into the adjacent residential area of Middleton Park. To the north the ground gently descends and rises, linking to the surrounding undulating lowlands to the north and north west. To the east, beyond Middleton Park, the rolling lowland descends to the coast. To the south and west of the development site, the land descends to the River Don valley.

South of the River Don, a long low spur of undulating ground separates the Rivers Don and Dee. This rising undulating ground west of the coast and the city centre has been built up, encompassing slopes and high points such as Cummings Park, Northfield and Mastrick at around 125 m AOD. Further west, the undulating land gently rises to a ridge of low hills aligned in a north south direction, the high point of which is Brimmond Hill (265m AOD). South of the River Dee, the land rises to undulating lowlands.

In detail, the proposed development site ranges from approximately 30m AOD close to the River Don, to approximately 90m AOD at the highest point of the site, on Whitestripes Road. North of Whitestripes Road the proposed development site descends gently, becoming steeper towards the site boundary. A small valley cuts into this slope running west from Whitestripes Farm, with a noticeable small ridge feature forming its northern slopes.

South of Whitestripes Road, to the east, the proposed development site forms a tilted bowl shape with steep northern slopes and more gentle slopes to the west and south. At the end of the 19th century a manganese quarry was cut into the north-facing slope here, but is now obsolete. All that remains is an excavation filled with water with various small heaps of spoil around its edge. To the west, the site slopes most steeply where it incorporates part of the east bank of the Don Valley.

Landcover The landcover mainly consists of mixed farmland with a grid of fields of improved and semi improved grassland and arable crops. These are, in the main, bounded by post and wire fences or dry stone dykes. The many stone walls reflect past field clearance and agricultural improvement works.

The arable land is mainly cropped for spring barley with some winter barley, wheat and oil seed rape. A few fields are also managed as improved grassland, which are ploughed every 4-5 years to maintain productivity. Areas of permanent grassland are restricted to a few fields of semi improved neutral grassland and low lying damp areas supporting rush pasture.

There are areas of rough grassland and gorse scrub, with a large area to the south of Whitestripes Road, a wide strip linking Clerkhill Woods to Monument Wood and south of Monument Wood, west of Persley Quarry Woods, and the area around the former manganese quarry to the east.

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Three relatively extensive semi-natural broadleaved woodlands adjoin or are located within the proposed development site. Clerkhill Wood adjoins the site to the north and Persley Quarry Wood lies adjacent to the south, while within the site is a woodland block named Monument Wood; other areas of deciduous woodland are located to the south west of Cothill and along part of Whitestripes Avenue to the east.

There are two long coniferous shelterbelts located to the north and south of Whitestripes Road. One is aligned north-south and the other west-east. Other areas of coniferous trees include the western part of Monument Wood and plantation forming the northern boundary of the proposed development site.

Strong belts of mature deciduous trees (predominantly Beech) form the eastern and southern boundary of the residential area of Middleton Park to the north-east. Rows of mature deciduous trees are also aligned along some field boundaries to the west, to the north of Upper Persley Farmstead and west of Cothill Farm, and along the length of Whitestripes Road. Groups of mature trees are also associated with the scattered dwellings and farmsteads. A distinctive roundel of trees is located to the north west of Whitestripes Farm, and triangular group to the south west of Monument Hill. A notable single tree is located on a field boundary to the south west of Cothill.

Beyond the site are large woodland areas which include Grandhome Moss, Clerkhill Wood and Stoneyhill Wood to the north, woodland surrounding Grandhome House to the west, Persley Quarry Wood to the south, and along the banks of the River Don to the west and south.

There is a single pond on the site to the south of Whitestripes Road. This was a former manganese quarry and is now a linear area of standing water with steeply sloping ground covered to the north with gorse.

There are a few farmsteads and dwellings within the site - Lower and Upper Bonnyside to the north, Whitestripes Farm and Cottages to the north-east, Clerkhill, the Willows, Old Schoolhouse and Laverockbraes on Whitestripes Road to the east, Inverawe and Upper Persley farmstead to the south, and the North and South Lodges and Cothill farmstead and cottages to the west.

Further detail regarding the existing vegetation of the proposed development site is provided in the Grandhome Development Framework (June 2013).

Landuse The main landuse of the proposed development area is mixed agricultural farmland; the land is predominantly used for grazing and arable crops. Whitestripes Farm is located to the north east with Cothill Farm and Upper Persley Farm to the south west. There are also a few residential properties.

Whitestripes Road passes through the site, joining to the B997 to the north west. To the south east, Whitestripes Avenue forms part of the eastern boundary and the Parkway (A90) forms part of the southern boundary. A minor road forms the south west boundary of the site that links to the A90 at Persley to the east and joins Whitestripes Road to the west at Foulcausey.

A number of public footpaths cross the area. To the west, there is a path leading from Lower Persley along a farm track to Cothill Farm which links to a path which follows the former main entrance road to Grandhome House, passing from the Lodge Houses through Clerkhill Woods to Whitestripes Road. To the north, a path follows an access track between Upper Bonnyside and Whitestripes Farm, and continues into Middleton Park. A number of informal paths are routed along and through the shelterbelts forming the western and southern boundaries to Middleton Park.

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To the south east, a footpath leads from the A90 up Danestone Hill part way to Monument Woods. To the south, a number of paths pass through Quarry Woods and join the footpath leading to Cothill Farm. The Lower Persley footpath links to the footpath along the River Don. The Council propose that the network will ultimately extend to the west side of the River Don via a proposed foot/cycle bridge at the former Davidson’s Mill site.

Passing in a north-south direction through the eastern part of the proposed development site is an overhead transmission line.

2.3 Planning Policy and Allocation European The UK Government signed and ratified the European Landscape Convention (ELC)4 in 2006. The ELC is a Council of Europe treaty whose purpose is to promote landscape protection, management and sustainable planning. It is not binding in the same way as European Directives. However, in ratifying the ELC, the UK Government has signaled its intention to promote the good management of all landscapes. The ELC defines landscape as “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors”, and makes it clear that all landscapes require consideration and care.

National National planning policy on landscape and natural heritage is set out in Scottish Planning Policy5 (SPP) and is supported by Planning Advice Note (PAN) 60 Planning for Natural Heritage and PAN 44 Fitting New Development into the Landscape. Key elements of the policy include:

. “Taking a broader approach to landscape and natural heritage than just conserving designated or protected sites and species, taking into account ecosystems and natural processes.

. Facilitating positive landscape change whilst maintaining and enhancing distinctive character.

. Seeking benefits for species and habitats from new development including the restoration of degraded habitats.

. Siting and design of development should be informed by local landscape character.

. Encouraging connectivity between habitats, through green networks.

. Protecting internationally and nationally designated habitats and species.

. Protecting and enhancing woodland and trees of high nature conservation value”6

SPP states that sustainable use and enjoyment of the natural environment is a key national aim. With reference to development it is noted, “different landscapes will have a different capacity to accommodate new development, and the siting and design of development should be informed by local landscape character”. It is acknowledged that both countryside and urban landscapes are constantly changing and that the planning aim should be to “facilitate positive change whilst maintaining and enhancing distinctive character.”

Other relevant Scottish Government policies include “Designing Places”, “Designing Streets” and “A

4 The European Landscape Convention opened for signature in Florence in October 2000 5 SPP 2010 6 www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/planning/National-Planning-Policy/themes/natural-heritage

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“Policy for Architecture and Placemaking for Scotland” which have all been published with the aim of raising design quality.

Development Plans The following development plans cover the Study area: - . Aberdeen City and Shire Structure Plan (Adopted 2009) . Aberdeen Local Development Plan (Adopted February 2012) . Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan (Adopted June 2012)

Aberdeen City and Shire Structure Plan (2009) The adopted Structure Plan provides a strategic vision and planning framework for the next 20 years for the sustainable future of Aberdeen City and Shire as “an excellent place to live, visit and do business”. With specific regard to the environment, the planning objective is to “To make sure new development maintains and improves the region’s important built, natural and cultural assets.”

Aberdeen Local Development Plan (2012) (ALDP) The Aberdeen Local Development Plan (ALDP) was adopted on the 29th February 2012 and covers the proposed development site. The Local Plan supports the vision of Aberdeen City and Shire Structure Plan, and aims “for Aberdeen in 2030 to be a sustainable city at the heart of vibrant and inclusive North East of Scotland”.

The Grandhome site is covered by Land Release Policy LR1, which identifies greenfield allocations for housing and employment development to meet the requirements of the Structure Plan. The broad geographical distribution of these sites is described in Table 4 of the ADLP, which allocates a total of 7,610 dwellings in the Bridge of Don/Grandhome area. The Local Plan notes “detailed masterplans must be prepared for most of these sites before they can be developed”(Para 2.20). In order to help deliver mixed communities, and assist in the provision of employment land, Policy LR2 outlines the requirement for large sites to include a mix of housing, employment and other uses. Open space surrounding the proposed development site is designated as Green Belt and protected by Policy NE2.

A number of policies in the ALDP make provision for the retention, protection and enhancement of the landscape and visual qualities which cover the proposed development site and surroundings, and outline requirements and standards for any future proposals. Relevant environmental and development planning policies are summarised below and have been placed in Appendix 2.0.

Landscape Policy D6 makes specific provision for the protection of the landscape and views, and notes that “Development will not be acceptable unless it avoids: 1. significantly adversely affecting landscape character and elements which contribute to, or provide, a distinct “sense of place” which point to being either in or around Aberdeen or a particular part of it; 2. obstructing important views of the City’s townscape, landmarks and features when seen from busy and important recreation, wildlife or woodland resources or to the physical links between them; 3. disturbance, loss or damage to important recreation, wildlife or woodland resources or to the physical links between them; 4. sprawling onto important or necessary green spaces or buffers between places or communities with individual identities, and those, which can provide opportunities for countryside activities.

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Development should avoid significant adverse impacts upon existing landscape elements, including linear or boundary features or other components, which contribute to local amenity, and provide opportunities for conserving, restoring or enhancing them.”

With specific regard to new residential development, Policy H1 notes this will be approved in principle if it: “does not have an unacceptable impact on the character or amenity of the surrounding area” and “does not result in the loss of valuable areas of open space. Open space is defined in the Aberdeen Space Audit 2010;………………”. Similarly with reference to Mixed Areas, Policy H2 states that development proposals “must take into account the existing uses and character of the area and avoid undue conflict with adjacent landuses and amenity……….” With reference to Density, Policy H3 states that all proposals over 1 hectare must “meet a minimum density of 30 dwellings per hectare (net)” and “have consideration of the site’s characteristics and those of the surrounding area”.

The requirement for new open space provision as part of new developments is outlined in Policy NE4, which requires “at least 2.8 hectares per 1,000 people of meaningful and useful public open space”. Details of requirements are set out in the Supplementary Guidance on Open Space. The Policy also notes “the Open Space Audit and Strategy will provide details of any improvements that may be required to open spaces and the linkages between them”.

The Green Space Network (GSN)(Policy NE1) covers parts of the proposed development site with wide strips extending north and south to link Clerkhill Wood, Monument Wood and Persley Quarry Woods, and west-east along Whitestripes Road including the woodland encompassing Middleton Park. The ALDP describes the GSN as “a strategic network of woodland and other habitats, active travel and recreational routes, green space links, watercourses and waterways, providing an enhanced setting for development and other landuses, and improved opportunities for outdoor recreation, nature conservation and landscape enhancement”.

The Local Development Plan notes that “the Green Space Network, which overlays Open Space, Green Belt, Natural Heritage and other policies, indicates where green space enhancement projects could be focussed”. Policy NE1 states “proposals for development that are likely to destroy or erode the character or function of the Green Space Network will not be permitted”. Where Green Space Networks require to be crossed the Policy notes “measures shall be taken to allow access across roads for wildlife and for access and for outdoor recreation purposes”. Of particular note is the policy statement that “development which has any impact on existing wildlife habitats, or connections between them, or other features of value to natural heritage, open space, landscape and recreation must be mitigated though the enhancement of the Green Space Network”.

Provision for the protection and enhancement of woodland and trees is made in Policy NE5, which states “development which will result in the loss of, or damage to, established trees and woodlands that have a natural or cultural heritage value or contribute to the character, biodiversity or amenity will be resisted”. With regard to landscape planting it is noted that “native trees and woodlands should be planted in new development” and “a tree protection plan for the long term retention of trees should be submitted and agreed with the Council before development commences on site”. Safeguarding measures require to be in accordance with the Supplementary Guidance on Protecting Trees and Woodlands.

Policy NE8 provides protection, preservation and enhancement of the natural heritage, and states that development that “has an adverse effect on protected species or an area designated because of its natural heritage value will only be permitted where it addresses the criteria set out in Scottish Planning Policy”. A number of requirements are listed for all development including the creation of natural buffer strips “for the protection and enhancement of waterbodies, including lochs, ponds, wetlands, rivers, tributaries, estuaries and the sea”. Supplementary Guidance has been prepared by the Council regarding buffer strips.

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With regard to access and informal recreation Policy NE9 notes, “new development should not compromise the integrity of existing or potential recreational opportunities including access rights, core paths, other paths and rights of way”. The Policy states that “further guidance is available in the Infrastructure and Developer Contributions Manual, and Open Space Supplementary Guidance”.

Policy R2 requires “that all land that is degraded or contaminated, including visually, is either restored, reclaimed or remediated to a level appropriate for its proposed use.”

Further detail on LDP policies and proposals is provided by Supplementary Guidance, which cover a number of issues including: Landscape; Trees and Woodland; and Open Space. Relevant Supplementary Guidance has been carefully reviewed for the proposed landscape framework

Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan The Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan was adopted in June 2012 and covers a wider area to the north and west of the proposed development site. Two areas to the north and west immediately adjacent to the city of Aberdeen boundary are designated Green Belt, and to the east the coastline is protected as Coastal Zone. Relevant landscape and visual planning policies in the Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan are listed below and have been placed in Appendix 2.0.

Policy 4 Special Types of Rural Land Policy 11 Natural Heritage Policy 12 Landscape Conservation Policy 13 Protecting, Improving and Conserving the Historic Environment

Proposed Development Current planning applications in the area and surroundings include a number of minor and major developments. Of particular note is the following: . Aberdeen Western Peripheral Road(AWPR) located to the north and west.

2.4 Scottish Natural Heritage Landscape Character Assessment (Figure 1.1) Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) has undertaken a series of Regional Landscape Character Assessments covering the whole of Scotland following established guidance7. The SNH Landscape Assessment divides the landscape into a number of Landscape Character Types and Areas, and provides guidance and advice as to how development could be accommodated in the landscape. The Landscape Character Areas that correlate with the proposed development site and the surrounding area are illustrated in Figure 1.1 and described in detail in Appendix 3.0.

Aberdeen Landscape Character Assessment The “Landscape Character Assessment of Aberdeen” (ACC/SNH, 1996) identified five broad scale landscape character types within the Aberdeen area: Major River Valleys; Hills; Coast; Open Farmland; and Wooded Farmland. The broad description of each of these landscape types has been placed in Appendix 3.0.

The majority of the proposed development site is located within the “Valley” landscape character type and specifically the “Lower Don Valley” (Area 11) landscape character area. This landscape type is described as “a large valley with a narrow floodplain through which the River Don winds”. It is

7 Landuse Consultants (1991) Landscape Assessment Principles and Practice & Countryside Commission (1993) Landscape Assessment Guidance (CCP423).

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noted “woodland occurs extensively throughout the area, on the steep valley sides downstream, and as policy woodland around Grandhome at the western end of the area” and that “there are extensive man-made elements in the area”.

The “Wooded Farmland” Landscape Character Type and specifically the “Braes of Don” (Area 4) landscape character area encompasses the northern part of the site beyond Whitestripes Road and Clerkhill Woods. This area is described as having “a very gently rolling, almost flat topography” which along “its southern edge a change of slope forms a shoulder above the northern bank of the lower Don Valley”. The main land use is described as agriculture and woodland, and it is noted that the area is “well wooded”.

In terms of sensitivity to landscape change, the LCA notes that the Lower Don valley “is highly visible from a range of viewpoints that include large areas of residential development; major city routes; and the Aberdeen – Inverness railway line”. With reference specifically to built development, it is noted that “either the flood plain or the sloping topography of the valley sides tends to preclude development. In the highly developed lower section of the area, the areas of open space make a significant contribution to the character of the area on the highly visible side slopes of the valley. Infilling these areas would be detrimental to the existing landscape character and would have significant visual impacts from many viewpoints.” With specific reference to woodland it is noted that “Downstream, the area will become sensitive in the future to the over maturity, and possible loss, of the even aged shelterbelts that are so distinctive”. In summary the LCA states the “mixture of open space to developed areas is characteristic, as is the extent and variety of woodland; these attributes would be sensitive to change”. Since publication of the LCA, part of the Lower Don Valley has been developed to the east of Whitestripes Avenue.

In the description of the Braes of Don sensitivity to landscape change, the LCA notes that “In the main, this area cannot be seen from many other viewpoints, but the row of mature ridgeline trees on the southern edge of the area at Whitestripes is a landmark that is visible from many parts of the city.” With reference to built development “it is visually contained by significant lines of boundary trees”. In summary the LCA states, “The area has a degree of visual separation …..from the city, and has a predominantly rural character. The existing woodland pattern is distinctive, and is important in reducing the visual impacts of nearby development in adjacent landscape character areas. Part of the woodland forms a distinctive landmark from the city.”

The landscape guidelines for the Lower Don Valley LCA include: the retention and management of trees and woodland; new tree and shelterbelt planting; maintenance of stone dykes; retention of open areas and the characteristic skyline trees; and extension of the shelterbelt pattern.

The landscape guidelines for the Brae of Don LCA include: tree and woodland management to retain a balance between open and wooded ground, retention of the distinctive tree belt landmark; and maintenance of “the stone dykes - particularly the distinctive coursed dykes associated with shelterbelts (that usually comprise beech trees)”.

Aberdeenshire Landscape Character Assessment To the north and west of the proposed development site beyond the city boundary, the “South and Central Aberdeenshire: Landscape Character Assessment (LCA)” (ERM, 1998) classifies the area as within the “Agricultural Heartlands” landscape character type and specifically the “Central Wooded Estates” (Area 12) landscape character area. This landscape is noted to have dense woodland as a consistent feature, “be it small coniferous plantations, thick clumps and shelterbelts of beech, large mixed broadleaf policies associated with estates, or meandering riverside glades along the Don and the Dee”.

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Further north, the area is classified as the “Formartine Lowlands” (Area 11) landscape character area comprising of fertile gently rolling farmland. “Views of the sea are an aspect of its character, but in most other ways it is similar to the other Agricultural Heartlands areas.”

Along the coast is the “Coastal Strip” landscape character type and specifically the “Formartine Links” (Area 1) landscape character area. The area is predominantly flat rough grazing land with low raised beaches and scrubby sand flats.

2.5 Cultural Heritage (Figure 1.2) The First Edition Ordnance Survey 6 inch to 1 mile map dated 1869 shows field patterns within and around the proposed development site as very similar to those found in the present day (Figure 1.2). The ornamental gardens and parkland surrounding Grandhome House are distinct from the surrounding fields, and the main approach road to the north east through Clerkhill Woods to Whitestripes Road is clearly shown. Beyond the main house to the south, the linear belts of woodland enclosing fields are indicated and are still present today.

The names of some of the properties have changed, with most notably the present Whitestripes Farm then called East Whitestripes and the group of cottages to the west named Whitestripes with a schoolhouse. The woodland roundel immediately to the east is noted to be a burial ground. To the south west the present Upper Bonnyside is named West Whitestripes and there is a water well indicated to the north of the property.

The historic map indicates larger areas of rough ground and this most notably encompasses the Hill of Danestone to the north of Persley Quarry Woods and encompasses Monument Wood extending north to Clerkhill Wood. A further area of rough ground surrounds the former manganese quarry to the east. The main woodland areas of Persley Quarry Woods and Clerkhill Woods are similar in extent as today, but Monument Wood is shown as smaller, encompassing only the western part of the present woodland.

To the east the strong woodland belts which now form the edge of the Middleton Park residential area are named the “North Belt”, “West Belt” and “Carrot Belt” and formed part of the policy woodland of Scotstown House located to the east. Through the woodland belts were tracks, with the access track from Whitestripes Farm to Scotstown House aligned along the “Carrot Belt”.

The surrounding area has changed dramatically since 1869, in that in the 19th century the City of Aberdeen was still relatively small and centred on the harbour area to the north of the River Dee, and the proposed development site surrounded by farmland with few roads. The Great North of Scotland railway line is clearly shown routed to the north of the city, passing through farmland and then westwards along the River Don Valley. This followed the route of the former Aberdeenshire Canal which was opened in 1805 but closed in 1854, and linked the Port of Aberdeen with Inverurie.

Along the River Don, the historic map indicates a number of large houses, estates and mills. To the west is the large estate of Parkhill House and to the south the then named Grandholm House, with Stoneywood and Waterton Houses on the other side of the River Don. Adjacent to these three houses the large Paper Mill of Stoneywood is clearly visible on the riverbank. South of Grandholm House was a small corn mill. Further east was Mugiemoss Paper Works adjacent to Mugiemoss House. At Persley, a mill lade passed eastwards to the Grandholm Woollen Works located to the south of Danestone House. Further east was Balgownie House, Seaton House and Gordons Mills. The only bridge crossings shown on the historic map are the Bridge of Don to the east and a private bridge leading to the Grandholm Works. A number of private ferry crossings points are indicated on the historic map.

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The Statistical Accounts of the Parish of Old Machar dated 1845 notes “This parish rises in a gentle slope from the sea, and though there is no eminence in it that deserves the name of a mountain, its surface is beautifully diversified by rising grounds. The windings of the Dee and the Don, the manufactories, and the woods on the banks of the latter, some detached clumps of planting on the rising grounds, interspersed with a number of gentlemen's seats and villas,—together with the various prospects of the sea, the rivers, the cities of Old and New Aberdeen, and the villages of Gilcomston and Woodside,—give a pleasant variety to the general appearance of this parish”.

With reference to agriculture it is noted that extensive improvements were being undertaken. The new management regimes to improve agricultural productivity implemented in this era included: clearing stones, draining, levelling, enclosing fields with stone walls and thorn hedges, the addition of lime and manure, and crop management. Salmon fishing is noted in this historic text to take place on the River Don, but principally by “stake nets in the sea”. With reference to manufacturing, it is noted that cotton, flax, thread spinning and weaving, with associated bleaching was “carried on to a considerable extent”. The principal landowners are also listed and include John Paton of Grandholm.

Grandhome Estate belonged to a succession of families until late 17th century when it passed to the Patons of Farrochie in which family it still remains. The existing house is primarily 17th century incorporating earlier work and 18th century extensions. An earlier name for the property was Dilspro when John Jaffrey Provost of Aberdeen owned it. After his death in 1684 his son sold it to George Paton who changed the name to Grandhome.

There is one listed building (Category B) within the proposed development boundary and that is the lodge houses for Grandhome House. This designation protects both the building and setting.

There are additional designated heritage sites within the vicinity of the proposed development site including: the listed buildings of Grandhome House (Category B), Dovecot (Category B) and Walled Garden (Category C); Persley Bridge (Category B) to the south east; and Scotstown Farmstead (Category C) to the east. There are a number of listed buildings within the River Don valley, many of which are associated with mills or the large estates. The nearest are: Stoneywood House, Lodge House and Waterton House; all located to the west of the proposed development site.

To the north in Clerkhill Wood the remains of a hut circle have been identified and protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument (Foucausie SAM). The remains, possibly of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date, are visible as low scrub and tree covered stony banks. Other Scheduled Ancient Monuments within the wider surrounding area include: a number associated with the former canal which was routed to the south of the River Don; and to the north Bishop’s Manor and Chapel, on the edge of Bishop’s Loch in Grandhome Moss.

A number of other archaeological sites have been identified on the site and include: the manganese quarry, Cothill Farmhouse, enclosures, cairns, former cottages and farmsteads, and a burial ground to the west of Whitestripes Farm

Further detailed information regarding heritage features in the area is provided in the Technical Annex regarding Cultural Heritage.

2.6 Natural Heritage The proposed development is located on mixed farmland dominated by improved grass pasture, grassland and arable land, with blocks of coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland. Other habitats include rough grassland, scrub and a single pond (former manganese quarry).

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There are no national or international statutory designated sites within or immediately adjacent to the proposed development site. The nearest designated site is Corby, Lily and Bishop’s Lochs Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located 1.9km to the north. This SSSI comprises three lochs with fringing reed beds, bogs and woodland, and is considered to be one of the best and least disturbed wetland sites in the north-eastern lowlands.

Four non-statutory Local Nature Conservation Sites (LNCS) adjoin or are located near the proposed development site. This includes Grandhome Moss raised bog to the north, Stoneyhill Woods to the north west, the River Don Corridor LNCS and the Aberdeen-Inverness and Kittybrewster Railway Line LNCS.

The Ancient Woodland Inventory (AWI) from the SNH Datasets indicates that parts of Clerkhill Wood, Monument Wood and Persley Quarries wood are Long Established Woodland of Plantation origin. Ancient woodland is defined as land that is currently wooded and has been continually wooded at least since 1750. There is no legislation specifically protecting ancient woodland, but current Scottish Planning Policy states it is “an important and irreplaceable national resource that should be protected and enhanced8”. These woodlands are encompassed and protected by Policy NE1 Green Space Network of the Aberdeen Local Development Plan (2012).

SNH9 note that the AWI is a provisional guide to the location of ancient woodland and advise the site is examined on the ground, and that woodland indicated on OS 1st edition maps is likely to be ancient. Such woodland is identifiable on the OS First Edition map of 1869 as indicated in Figure 1.2.

Further detailed information regarding the natural heritage of the area is provided in the Technical Annex regarding Ecology.

2.7 Surrounding Area To the immediate north of the proposed development site is a belt of woodland, which encompasses Grandhome Moss. To the west and east are two large blocks of coniferous woodland. Beyond, the undulating farmland gently rises to the B997, which crosses from Newmachar to the north west to the Middleton Park residential area to the south east. North of the road is Perwinnes radio mast, which is a white tower with a large white sphere. The surrounding area is open farmland with scattered farmsteads and dwellings. Corby Loch, Lily Loch and Bishop’s Loch are located in this area and are designated as an SSSI. Corby Loch is used for trout fishing. Also located in this area are a number of sand and gravel quarries. To the west is the large estate of Parkhill House surrounded by extensive policy woodland.

Further north there are sizeable areas of woodland encompassing hill tops and lowland areas. Policy woodland and shelterbelts are also apparent round some properties such as at Cranfield. Traversing this undulating agricultural lowlands is a network of B roads and minor roads providing access to the A90, the settlement of Balmedie on the coast, the smaller villages of Potterton and Belhelvie, and scattered properties.

The route of the proposed Aberdeen Western Peripheral Road passes to the north of Parkhill Estate and Corby Loch to join the A90 at Blackdog. In terms of outdoor recreation there is a car park at Parkhill Woods providing access to walks. There are a number of informal paths in this area such as those leading out from Middleton Park into Grandhome Moss to the north of the proposed development site.

8 SPP (2010) 9 http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/C283974.pdf

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To the east of the proposed development site are the residential areas of Middleton Park, Dubford and Bridge of Don, the A90 and coast. Along the A90 are a number of industrial estates. Between Middleton Park and Denmore is the large lowland heath and bog area of Scotstown Moor and Perwinnes Moss, which are a designated SSSI and Local Nature Reserve.

A network of footpaths passes through these residential areas linking to Scotstown Moor, the Coast and the River Don. In Middleton Park these footpaths pass along the main shelter belts associated with the former policy woodlands of Scotstown House, which was located to the north of the Glashie Howe and is now a park. Further east, beyond the A90 is the Aberdeen Science and Energy Park and Exhibition Centre. Along the coastal dune area there is farmland and golf courses parallel to a wide sandy beach.

To the south beyond the A90 is the residential area of Danestone and River Don. The river is crossed by Persley Bridge, which was built in 1891 and is a Listed Building. Along the River Don are a large number of existing industrial works and former sites, which have now been encompassed by woodland. The river is an important recreational area and footpaths are aligned along the route. To the south of the proposed development site, a new footpath is proposed along the northern bank of the river with a bridge crossing to the southside at Lower Persley.

South of the River Don is the railway line to Inverness and A96, a main road leading into Aberdeen city centre. The rising ground beyond the River Don is built up with the residential areas of Heathryfold, Middlefield and Northfield, and Auchmill golf course, with the Granitehill mast being a landmark hilltop feature in Cummings Park. The built up areas extend eastwards to the city centre. Along this part of the coast is an esplanade along the beach, a large leisure centre, golf course, ballroom and many cafes.

Further south is the commercial and retail centre of Aberdeen set back from the harbour. Conservation Areas encompass the Old Aberdeen area extending from the Bridge of Don south westwards along Union Street to Rubislaw Quarry and encompassing the residential areas of Rosemount and Holburn. A further Conservation Area encompasses the residential area of Pitfodels to the west and Footdee on the coast.

To the south, the River Dee valley is designated an SSSI/SAC. Beyond the River Dee are the residential areas of Torry and Kincorth located on rising ground to the east of the A90. The Torry Battery Point on the coast has commanded the entrance to Aberdeen harbour since it was built in 1860. Today it is an important recreational attraction, with parking, picnic area and interpretation boards. On the rising ground to the south is Loirston Country Park, which is also a Local Nature Reserve. Beyond this ridge of ground is the small settlement of Cove. To the west of the A90 the rising ground is well wooded agricultural land with a network of minor roads, scattered farmsteads and dwellings.

Persley Quarry Wood forms part of the south western boundary of the proposed development site. Quarrying took place in this area until the 1940s and part of the area is now used for car parts storage and a scrap yard. To the south west and west of the development site is the River Don, industrial works and offices, and the residential areas of Bucksburn and Dyce. The riverside is well wooded and a new residential area is currently being developed in the grounds of Stoneywood House. Beyond Dyce is the A947, which passes from Oldmeldrum in the north to link with Great Northern Road (A96) leading into Aberdeen, the railway and airport. This forms part of the national cycle route. The long distance footpath of the Formartine and Buchan Way passes northwards along the former railway line to Ellon. Beyond the built up area is open agricultural land and woods clothing the rising ground. Crossing this area are a number of public footpaths.

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The A96 from Inverness passes through the ridge of higher ground to the west and then descends into the outskirts of Aberdeen. To the north of the A96, the foothills are covered by the large coniferous woodland of Kirkhill Forest, which has a car park and many footpaths through the area.

To the south of the A96 is Tyrebagger Woods, another coniferous woodland, which incorporates a sculpture park and trails. Further south, Elrick Hill and Brimmond Hill are both Country Parks with car parking and a network of footpaths. Brimmond Hill is the highest hill on this ridge, at 265m AOD, and is a noted viewpoint with views afforded across Aberdeen to the coast and sea. Between the city of Aberdeen and Brimmond Hill is the settlement of Kingswells.

To the west, beyond the ridge of high ground and Kirkhill Forest, is the settlement of Westhill, with rolling agricultural land and areas of woodland gradually rising to the Grampian foothills and uplands.

The route of the proposed Aberdeen Western Peripheral Road (AWPR) passes between Kingswells and Brimmond Hill and then northwards between Kirkhill Forest and Aberdeen Airport to cross the River Don. The route then passes approximately 2.5km to the north of the proposed development site to join the A90 at Blackdog, south of Balmedie. To the south, the proposed road crosses the River Dee between Milltimber and Peterculter and then passes eastwards to join the A90 at the A956 junction to the south of Loirston Country Park.

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3.0 Landscape and Existing Visibility of Site

3.1 Landscape Character, Condition and Value (Figures 1.3 & 1.4) The proposed development site encompasses a gently undulating landform with a ridge following the alignment of Whitestripes Road, which gently descends towards the coast to the east. Through the undulating coastal lowlands passes the River Don valley, which lies to the west and south of the proposed development site.

The landcover is predominantly medium-sized pasture and arable fields bounded by post and wire fences, stone walls and ditches. Within the site there is a large block of mixed woodland named Monument Wood. There are also two long linear coniferous shelterbelts. There are some smaller areas of deciduous woodland and rows of mature trees, most notably along Whitestripes Road, along the access track to Cothill and a field boundary at Upper Persley. There are a few areas of rough grassland and gorse, especially around Monument Wood.

Adjacent to the site are the large areas of broadleaved and coniferous woodlands - Grandhome Moss, Clerkhill Wood and Persley Quarry Wood. To the east are mature broadleaved shelterbelts named the North, West and Carrot Belts, which once formed the policy woodland of Scotstown House. The West Belt extends along Whitestripes Road and eastwards along the skyline separating Middleton Park from the residential development to the south. A large mast is located at the eastern end of this woodland belt.

To the north, beyond the proposed development site, is gently rising undulating agricultural land and a radio mast at Perwinnes. To the east is the residential area of Middleton Park, the A90 and coast. To the south, the A90 bounds the site, with the residential area of Danestone beyond. Beyond the River Don on the south side of the river valley are the residential areas of Woodside and Heathryfold, Middlefield, Northfield and Cummings Park. To the west is the well wooded River Don valley, with large buildings and chimneys associated with industrial works, and beyond them the residential areas of Dyce and Bucksburn. More distant is Aberdeen Airport and a ridge of undulating hills, with Brimmond Hill forming a high point.

The main landuse of the proposed development site is agriculture. There are a few farmsteads and residential properties scattered throughout the area. Passing across the eastern part of the site is an overhead transmission line. Overhead, helicopters and aeroplanes constantly cross the site, flying towards Aberdeen Airport to the west.

Whitestripes Road passes from west to east through the proposed development site. To the east and south, Whitestripes Avenue and the A90 form the boundary to the development site and an edge to the existing built up areas. To the south west a minor road linking Persley to Whitestripes Road at Foulcausey forms the boundary, with the River Don, built up areas and busy A96 beyond.

Passing though the site is a number of footpaths. The main routes are along Whitestripes Road and through the western part of the site where a public footpath links to the River Don footpath and leads through Lower Persley to Cothill, through Clerkhill Woods to Whitestripes Farm and along the Carrot Belt to Middleton Park. A number of informal routes are also noted in the area, particularly along the northern boundary through Grandhome Moss and the woodland belt to the east.

The landscape character of the proposed development site is of a medium-scale, relatively enclosed, familiar, urban fringe agricultural landscape. Localised diversity in colour and texture is provided by the following landscape features: broadleaved and mixed woodland blocks, coniferous shelter belts, mature deciduous woodland belts and skyline trees; tree avenues; small roundels and

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clumps of trees; areas of rough grassland and gorse; stone walls and ditches; and the scattered residences and farms (Figures 1.3 and 1.4).

The urban fringe agricultural landscape is divided to the north and south by the ridge of higher ground and tree lined Whitestripes Road, which creates a distinct boundary in the landscape. To the south the urban fringe character is dominated by the River Don valley, and to the north, undulating agricultural lowlands.

In detail, to the south of Whitestripes Road the river valley landscape divides to the west and east as indicated in Figure 1.3. To the west of Monument Wood the sloping agricultural fields descend to the woodland, mill factories and chimneys along the River Don. This rural valley side area has an attractive and calm, enclosed character which links with adjacent policy woodlands of Grandhome estate and contrasts with the more industrial character along the River Don riverbanks which is signalled by large buildings, tall chimneys, steam and noise.

To the east of Monument Wood, the agricultural landscape is more open and gently rolling. The area has a more distinct urban fringe character associated with the adjacent busy roads and residential areas, together with the overhead transmission line crossing this part of the site. The proximity of adjacent development, noise and movement creates a more domestic and settled character.

North of Whitestripes Road, the rolling agricultural fields are more distant from busy roads and well separated from the adjacent Middleton Park residential area by a strong belt of mature woodland. This undulating open landscape has a more remote rural character linking with the wider agricultural lowlands to the north.

The landscape of the proposed development site appears generally well tended and productive. Many distinctive landscape features are identifiable, and have been protected and managed. Some features on site are in decline or being lost however, as evidenced by some lengths of eroding stone wall. The many mature trees which form a distinct feature of the site and in particular the skyline feature along Whitestripes Road, are now reaching maturity and will require careful future management and replacement.

The proposed development site is identified in the Aberdeen Local Development Plan for land release for housing and employment uses (Policy LR1), and makes specific the requirement for mixed use communities in Policy LR2.

Landscape Policy D6 makes specific provision for the protection of the landscape character and elements, which contribute to “sense of place”, visual qualities and views, and seeks to provide opportunities for conservation, restoration and enhancement. Across the site two corridors are aligned roughly north-south through the site and Monument Wood, and east-west along Whitestripes Road, which are identified as Green Space Network and protected by Policy NE1.

In addition to specific planning policies protecting the landscape and natural heritage of the proposed development site, the distinct attributes and issues that relate to the landscape character of the area are made explicit in the SNH Landscape Character Assessment (ERM 1998) and current national planning policy (SPP, 2010).

The proposed development area is obviously valued by landowners, local residents and recreational users of the pubic footpaths which cross the site. This productive agricultural landscape provides a contrast and edge to the busy transport corridors and settled urban landscape to the east, south and west, and to the rural landscape to the north.

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In summary, the proposed development site, which encompasses a gentle ridge with localised, undulating and sloping valley topography, and variety of woodland areas and landscape features, has an interesting urban fringe character. This urban fringe landscape is most strongly connected to the surrounding urban area to the east, more enclosed and rural to the west, and more open and remote to the north. Overall, it is considered that the landscape features and character of the proposed development site are of medium sensitivity to change.

3.2 Description of Visibility (Figures 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 & 1.9) The visual appraisal is based on a grading of degrees of visibility, from “not visible” to “fully open views”. To indicate the degree of visibility of the site (or proposed development) from any location, that continuum has been divided into four categories:

No View: no view or difficult to perceive

Glimpse View: a transient view or distant view of part of the site or development in the context of a wider view

Partial View: a clear view of part of the site or development; a partial view of most of it; or a distant view in which the site or development forms a relatively small proportion of a wider view

Open View: a panoramic view of most of the site or development, occupying most of the field of vision

Visibility and Viewpoints The indicative area of visibility of the proposed development site (Masterplan) is shown in Figure 1.5. The drawing illustrates the approximate area from which it is estimated that the proposed development will be visible. Other views may be visible beyond this but are considered to be negligible.

Figure 1.5 also locates the representative range of viewpoint photograph locations identified in the surrounding area; the photographs themselves are shown in Figure 1.6. The photographs are annotated with an approximate indication of the extent of the proposed development at Grandhome (PPiP, Phase 1 and Masterplan) and key features in the surrounding area. The viewpoint photographs were professionally taken in April 2013, as detailed in Appendix 4.0.

A request for any further viewpoints was made during the consultation process, Scoping Report and in the preparation of the ES. The Scoping Opinion by Aberdeen City Council10 requested two additional viewpoints which have been included in the LVIA and are shown in Figure 1.7 - Whitestripes Road and the minor road forming the western boundary of the site between Persley and Foulcausey (Viewpoints 15 and 16).

To the north, visibility of the proposed development site will extend approximately 4km, encompassing a minor road linking the village of Potterton to the B977. Distant views will be afforded from a more distant highpoint of Overhill approximately 6.5km to the north (2.5km west of Balmedie). Receptors include scattered residential properties, farmsteads, part of the B997, minor road leading to Newtonhill, and proposed route of the AWPR. The extent of visibility is limited to the north by the undulating topography and scattered blocks of woodland. Visibility of the proposed development site will include the site to the north of Whitestripes Road and pylons, which cross the area.

10 Dated 5th April 2013

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To the east, immediate views of the northern part of the proposed development site are restricted to areas near the boundary by the belt of mature woodland which forms the edge of Middleton Park, the perimeter properties of this estate and fencing. Further south, visibility to the east is limited by existing housing along Whitestripes Avenue and a woodland strip along part of the road.

More distant views extend across Aberdeen and are gained from points along the River Don valley to the coast and harbour approximately 6km to the south east. Receptors include residential properties, parts of the Great Northern Road (A96), the Esplanade and Torry Battery. Existing visibility of the proposed development includes the site south of Whitestripes Road and the pylons, which cross the area. From this angle of view, the pylons and belt of mature trees along Whitestripes Road (which extends between Danestone and Middleton Park is a noticeable and distinctive silhouette on the skyline.

To the south, immediate views are afforded from the A90, which forms the edge of Danestone residential area, and are restricted to the west by Persley Quarry Woods. Further south, views are afforded from approximately 2km distance from the rising ground of the River Don valley and include residential receptors of Bucksburn, Heathryfold, Middlefield, Northfield, Cummings Park, parts of the A96 and A90, and Auchmill golf course. From this angle of view, the belt of mature trees, which extends eastwards along Whitestripes Road, is a noticeable and distinctive silhouette on the skyline, with existing housing development on the hillside in the foreground (Buckie Road residential area).

Further distant views are afforded across Aberdeen from the rising ground south of the River Dee valley and higher ground approximately 10km from the proposed development site. This includes the residential areas of Kincorth and Tullos, scattered residential properties, part of the A90 and A956, and Loirston Country Park. Visibility of the proposed development site will include the site to the south of Whitestripes Road and the pylons which cross the area.

To the west, immediate views are restricted to near the boundary of the proposed development site by the existing blocks of woodland of Parkhill, Clerkhill, Stoneyhill, woodland surrounding Grandhome House and along the River Don valley. This includes scattered residential properties and farmsteads located along the minor roads from Lower Persley to Whitestripes Road.

Further west, views of the proposed development site are afforded across the River Don valley and include the residential areas of Dyce and Stoneywood and parts of the A947. Further distant views are available from the rising higher ground approximately 5km to the west of the proposed development site. This includes scattered farmsteads and residential properties, part of the A96, Aberdeen Airport, Kirkhill Forest, Tyrebagger and Brimmond Hill. To the north west the extent of visibility extends to Cothall and encompasses parts of the B977 and scattered residential properties. Visibility of the proposed development site from the west includes the existing pylons which cross the proposed development area.

Existing night lighting sources on the site are associated with the scattered residential properties and farmsteads. The most brightly lit areas are associated with the surrounding built up areas located to the immediate east, south and west of the site. All these areas have an intervening buffer of woodland with the exception of the proposed development boundary to the A90 and Danestone residential area. Tall structures and buildings in the surrounding area are identifiable at night by red top lights and include Perwinnes Mast to the north, Granitehill Tower to the south at Cummings Park, the mast on the A90 to the east, and the high rise flats of Aberdeen which are located mainly to the south and east of the proposed development site. Two areas very brightly lit at night are Aberdeen Airport to the west and the harbour at Torry Bay with the many boats docked off shore.

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A review of the main views into the site and long distance views afforded from the site is illustrated in Figures 1.8 and 1.9. Views into the site are gained from various points around the city, especially other high points above the Dee and Don valleys. Specifically, the strip of mature Beech trees along Whitestripes Road which extends between Danestone and Middleton Park are a noticeable and distinctive silhouette on the skyline in distant views to the site from the coast, and areas of high ground forming the south and west margins of the city. This includes, for example, distant views from the A96/ Inverurie approach at Tyrebagger, from the A90 at Kincorth and Torry Battery. More locally, topography, existing development and woodland screen many views into the site.

When looking outwards from the site, there are many attractive open views, which are illustrated in Figure 1.9. From north of Whitestripes Road, views are limited by trees to the east and west, but are open and distant to the north. These views are pleasant and rural, looking over a rolling farmland spreading out to the horizon that is dotted with small farms and occasionally interrupted by strips of mature trees. To the south of Whitestripes Road, to the east and south there are views to the suburbs and city centre skyline with the North Sea beyond. Views to the west extend to Aberdeen Airport and hills in the distance, with a mix of urban and industrial development and wooded slopes along the Don valley in the foreground.

In summary, visibility is either relatively restricted and encompasses separate parts of the proposed development site, or distant. To the north, the extent of visibility extends approximately 4 km and will encompass the site to the north of Whitestripes Road. To the south, the extent of visibility extends approximately 2.5 km across the River Don valley and includes the site to the south of Whitestripes Road. To the east and west views are restricted due to existing development and woodland along the River Don. More distant views of the site are afforded from areas of higher ground and the coast, that extend approximately 6km north, 6km east, 10km south and 5km west. Views from the wider surrounding area include the city of Aberdeen, surrounding countryside and sea.

Visual Receptors For the purposes of the assessment, visual receptors include the public or community at large, residents, visitors and other groups of viewers (such as those for example with a special interest in cultural heritage) as well as the visual amenity of people affected. The sensitivity of visual receptors and views will be dependent on:

. “The location and context of the viewpoint; . The expectations and occupation or activity of the receptor; . The importance of the view (which may be determined with respect to its popularity or number of people affected, its appearance in guidebooks, on tourist maps, and on the facilities provided for its enjoyment and references to it in literature or art).” (LI, 2002).

A description of views in relation to the proposed PPiP, Phase 1 and Masterplan is provided for visual receptors within and immediately surrounding the proposed development site (Masterplan), together with the identified viewpoints. This information is listed in Appendix 5.

In summary, the main visual receptors located in the wider study area are residential (parts of the built up areas of Aberdeen and scattered properties), recreational (including users of public footpaths, cycle routes, beach, picnic sites and golf courses), and travellers (A90, A96, A947, B997, B977 and minor roads).

To the north, open/partial and glimpse views of part of the proposed development site will be gained from the scattered residential properties, farmsteads, B997 and minor roads crossing the area. Further north, views are screened, primarily by undulating topography and woodland, but glimpse views may be afforded from higher ground such as at Overhill to the west of Balmedie.

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To the east, nearby residential properties forming part of Middleton Park will have partial and glimpse views of the proposed development through the surrounding woodland belts. Residential properties along Whitestripes Avenue and users of the road will have open/partial, partial and glimpse views of the proposed development site. The majority of houses within the residential estate will have no view due to the screening afforded by surrounding properties.

To the south, open/partial views will be afforded by travellers along the A90 to the north of Danestone. Residential properties on the edge of this estate shall have open/partial, partial and glimpse views. The majority of houses within the residential estate will have no view due to the screening afforded by surrounding properties.

More distant views to the south east, as afforded by recreational users of the coast and Loirston Country Park, and travellers on the A90, will have glimpse views of the proposed development site in the context of the wider view of the Aberdeen cityscape. From this distance the site is identifiable by the woodland along Whitestripes Road and pylons on the skyline.

To the south, views afforded from the railway, A96, Auchmill golf course and residential properties on the valley side will be open/partial, partial or glimpse. A high proportion of the houses within the residential estates will have no view due to the screening afforded by surrounding properties.

To the west, views afforded from the residential areas of Dyce, Stoneywood and Cothall, the A96, A947 and more distant Kirkhill Forest and Brimmond Hill recreational areas will be partial or glimpse.

There are a number of public footpaths which cross the site. Open views will be afforded from the footpath which follows Whitestripes Road that encompass both the north and southern parts of the proposed development site. Open/partial views will be afforded from the other footpaths. There will be partial and glimpse views from the North Sea National Cycle Route that runs along the A96 to the south of the River Don, and open/partial views afforded from the local cycle route which follows the A90 Parkway.

Receptors located within the site are primarily scattered residential properties and the farms of Whitestripes and Cothill. Views afforded of the proposed development will be primarily open/partial. The Lodge Houses of Grandhome located to the west of the site, are designated Listed Buildings which face north east along an avenue of mature Beech trees. These two properties will have partial/glimpse views. Open views will be afforded from Whitestripes Road encompassing both the north and southern parts of the proposed development site.

In summary, open views of the proposed development site are restricted to Whitestripes Road where panoramic views are afforded of the entire development site. Open/partial views of the proposed development are primarily obtained from receptors located within the proposed development site, to the immediate north, east and to the south at Danestone, and valley slopes and higher ground to the south of the River Don. This includes many residents (primarily to the south), recreation attractions (footpaths, cycle routes) and travellers on the B997, Whitestripes Avenue and the A90. Partial views will mainly be afforded from the south and west of the River Don valley and encompass existing development in the foreground and riverside woodland.

More distant views of the site tend to be partial or glimpse and encompass the wider cityscape of Aberdeen, which comprises an undulating built up skyline punctuated in places by trees, tower blocks and radio masts, and which gently descends to the city centre and coast. Distant views afforded from the west encompass the city and the seascape.

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The extent of visibility encompasses receptors of high to low sensitivity. The proposed development site is located close to a high density of residential receptors to the east, south and west. For the majority of these potential receptors, views to the proposed development will be screened or broken up, at least in part, by intervening existing development and woodland. Distant views of the site are afforded from the coast and ridge of higher ground to the south and west, that encompass the existing cityscape.

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4.0 Landscape and Visual Impact

4.1 Proposed Development The new mixed use urban extension to Aberdeen AT Grandhome has been carefully designed adhering to the principles of placemaking and responding to the traditional vernacular of the region. In summary, the proposed development at Grandhome will comprise the following:

Planning Permission in Principle (PPiP) Area (227Ha) . 4,700 dwellings . Mixed Use Buildings . Office Buildings . Single Use Commercial Buildings . Schools . Civic Buildings . Road infrastructure . Open Space . SUDs

Phase 1 Laverock Braes (28 Ha) . 500 dwellings . Retail and community uses . Civic square and associated open space . SUDs

Masterplan (319Ha) . 7,000 dwellings . Mixed Use Buildings . Office Buildings . Single Use Commercial Buildings . Schools . Civic Buildings . Road infrastructure . Open Space . SUDs

Phasing The new urban extension will be developed over time and implemented in seven phases. The PPiP comprises Phases 1-5 and covers an area of approximately 227Ha. The first phase to be implemented will comprise the neighbourhood of Laverock Braes with 500 houses located in the eastern part of the site, between Whitestripes Road and Whitestripes Avenue. The second phase will be contiguous with Phase 1 and to the west, with the development of around 1800 houses and the formation of Grandhome town centre.

Further detailed information regarding the proposed development and phasing is provided in the Development Framework (June 2013).

4.2 Landscape Impact The landscape impact assessment describes the likely nature and scale of changes to individual landscape elements and characteristics, and the consequential effect on landscape character resulting from the proposed development.

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Loss of Landscape Features From the outset, the design approach has aimed to retain key natural, heritage and landscape features so loss is minimised, and reflect the existing landscape pattern in the development layout to ensure continuity, reinforcement and fit. To inform the design process and to ensure existing landscape features are safeguarded, detailed Topographical, Tree Survey and Phase 1 Habitat and Species surveys have been undertaken. The Tree Survey has been undertaken to ascertain the condition of trees in accordance with BS 5837 and future management recommendations. This has meant that informed decisions could be made regarding trees to be retained influencing the detailed design and ensuring trees can be protected during construction.

The proposed Masterplan development, covering an area of approximately 320 Ha, will necessitate the permanent development of arable and pasture fields, and localised regrading and removal of some existing landscape features such as stone walls and trees.

In summary, the contextual design approach has ensured that a high proportion of landscape features have been retained and safeguarded. Overall, it is considered that the magnitude of change on landscape elements would be medium during construction reflecting primarily the loss of agricultural land. On completion, it is considered that the magnitude of change would be medium adverse, and over time change to medium beneficial with the establishment of the Landscape Framework.

Impact on Landscape Character The proposed development is located within a medium scale, familiar urban fringe agricultural landscape. There is diversity in colour and texture provided by the gently sloping and undulating topography, mature deciduous woodland belts, coniferous plantations, pasture and arable fields, rough grassland and gorse vegetation, and scattered farms and dwellings which provide interest and enclosure. The local landscape character is well managed and has a coherence that reflects its long term ownership.

This urban fringe landscape is most strongly connected to the surrounding urban area to the east, more enclosed and rural to the west, and to the north more open and part of the surrounding countryside.

The landscape has evolved in this area through agricultural improvements in the 18th century, industrial development along the River Don, the construction of the railway, overhead transmission line and more recently the expansion of Aberdeen to the east, south and west of the proposed development site. Further change is proposed, with the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Road, which will be routed to the north of the proposed new development.

This is a valued, familiar, urban fringe landscape bounded by existing development to the east, south and west which contrasts with the extensive rural, agricultural lowlands landscape to the north. Particular landscape features of the agricultural urban fringe landscape of gentle slopes and undulating topography are: the belts of mature woodland creating distinctive skyline landmark features; dense dark coniferous shelterbelts, blocks of woodland, small roundels and clumps of trees; stone walls and ditches; areas of rough grassland and gorse.

In summary, the existing landscape character allows for potential mitigation planting of woodland areas, tree belts, copses, trees along ridgelines, avenues and stone walls to provide screening and integrate development. Overall, it is considered that the permanent removal of agricultural land to create the proposed urban extension would be of high magnitude of change upon the landscape character during construction. The magnitude of change would be greatest at the outset, reducing to medium on completion and would continue to decrease further over time.

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4.3 Visual Impact The baseline study identified that, within the visual envelope, a number of sensitive and less sensitive receptors (residential properties, public footpaths, cycle ways, listed buildings, railway line, A90, A96, B997 and other roads) will have views or transient views of the proposed development.

The visual effect of the proposed development without mitigation on visual receptors located within and adjacent the Masterplan area with glimpse, partial or open views of the proposed development and from the identified viewpoints is detailed in Appendix 6. It should be noted that this assessment does not include any proposed mitigation measures.

Potential open and partial views of the proposed development are relatively contained to the local surrounding area. Views to the proposed development will be afforded from scattered residential properties in agricultural land to the north, the edge of the City of Aberdeen to the east, and the wider built up areas including the slopes of the River Don valley to the south. Transient views will also be afforded from the minor local roads bounding and passing through the site, cycle ways and footpaths, A90, A96 and B997. More distant partial and glimpse views will be afforded from the wider surrounding area encompassing the coast to the east and from higher ground to the north, southeast, south and west. Elevated views encompass the cityscape of Aberdeen and seascape.

Overall, it is considered that given the scale and duration of construction of the proposed development, the magnitude of change to views and visual amenity would be high for the majority of receptors located within the local surrounding area. It is considered that the magnitude of change would be high/medium on completion. The magnitude of change would be greatest at the outset when the degree of contrast would be greatest. It is considered that the scale of change in the character of the view and visual amenity would decrease over time as the proposed development becomes more integrated with the surroundings.

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5.0 Proposed Mitigation Measures

5.1 Proposed Development The proposed development aims to create a mixed use urban extension of Aberdeen at Grandhome, adhering to the principle of placemaking and responding to the traditional vernacular of the region. Grandhome is envisioned as an exemplar of sustainable development and has been selected for inclusion in the Scottish Sustainable Communities Initiative.11 The key development components and approach to be adopted is outlined in detail in the Development Framework (June 2013).

The proposed development is underpinned by six core principles: 1. Strong sense of place 2. Sustainable and walkable neighbourhoods 3. A well balanced community 4. Green spaces to breathe 5. Well connected streets 6. A new centre for the Bridge of Don

In design terms this includes: . A proposed new urban extension design informed by and appropriate to the local urban form and landscape character of the area and surroundings.

. A masterplan which proposes a hierarchy of neighbourhoods and public spaces linked by an organic pattern of streets and pedestrian routes. The neighbourhoods will incorporate a network of open spaces within easy walking distance for residents, so as to meet a wide range of recreational needs. The open space will also reinforce the urban form.

. A built development which uses architectural styles that reflect local traditions and environmental influences, with detailed reference taken from the best in local town designs. This is detailed in the Architectural Pattern Book specifically prepared for the new urban extension.

. A landscape which maintains, enhances and restores the distinctive local landscape character. This is detailed in the Landscape Framework specifically prepared for the new urban extension.

In summary, the proposed urban extension at Grandhome has been carefully designed in a coherent and unified manner to safeguard, maintain and enhance the distinctive qualities of the existing cityscape and landscape character. A key aim has been the integration of the proposed development into the existing landscape, providing for amenity, public access, enhancement of biodiversity and habitats.

5.2 Strategic Mitigations Measures (Figure 1.10) The strategic landscape mitigation measures for the proposed development are indicated in the Landscape Concept Green Network, Landscape Structure, Landscape Framework and Framework Elements, as shown in Figure 1.10. The overall landscape concept for the proposed urban extension reflects the fact that the landscape and open space must perform a wide variety of functions, from the strategic scale down to the local. In summary the treatment of the external spaces aims to:

 Integrate the development with its setting;

11 The Scottish Sustainable Communities Initiative (SSCI) was launched by the Scottish Government in June 2008 to encourage the creation of places, designed and built to last, where a high quality of life can be achieved.

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 create varied and attractive spaces and places within the built up area;

 support biodiversity and connectivity throughout the site; and

 provide a full complement of recreational opportunities.

Green Network The conceptual green network has been developed to embrace the Green Space Network principles as described in the Aberdeen Local Development Plan. The designated areas bounding and crossing the site north- south through Monument Wood, and east - west along Whitestripes Road have been used to configure an extensive network of greenspace within the developed area and connecting to areas beyond the boundary. The network encompasses the prime north-south link between Clerkhill Wood, Monument Wood and Persley Quarry Wood indicated in the ALDP, with more than double that area of greenspace added, with additional green corridors spreading towards the west and east, and linking to another major greenspace corridor running north and linking to Grandhome Moss.

The landscape concept diagram illustrated in Figure 1.10a shows in notional terms the principle of a green web, or matrix, which spans the site. The matrix represents a network of green spaces running through the new development that will have multiple functions. The matrix will, for example, define neighbourhoods, act as a setting for recreational facilities, provide linked up habitats for wildlife and incorporate a dedicated, connected set of footpaths to allow people to move freely though the development on foot or by bike.

The configuration of the matrix builds upon the existing landscape character and features such as woodland blocks, tree belts and topography that subdivide the site. The distinct character zones that it creates to the north, east, south and west will be reinforced in the new development, through a tailored approach to the design of buildings and landscapes in different neighbourhoods to create a distinct sense of place informed by local landscape and townscape character.

Important ridgelines and tree belts that contribute to the silhouette of the site when seen from afar and that currently subdivide the site will be retained and enhanced, connected up and reinforced with additional planting. Many of these woods are currently reaching maturity and will require careful management and replanting to ensure these distinctive landmark features of the cityscape skyline are retained for the future.

The Landscape Framework includes new key tree belts in and around the edge of the site as well as new planting to connect the woodland blocks of Persley Quarry, Monument Wood and Clerkhill. The linked woodlands will create an important north-south landscape corridor defining the “Donside” neighbourhood to the west.

The green matrix will also incorporate public parks as key social spaces at the heart of each neighbourhood. They will be designed to serve both new and existing communities. There will be a major town park to the east and two local parks, one in the northern part of the site and one to the west.

There will also be a full complement of social and recreational nodes scattered throughout the green space matrix forming points of interest and focal points of activity. These will include civic squares, village greens, play grounds, seating areas, viewpoints, sites for public art and the like.

Landscape Structure The green space matrix will comprise a landscape structure with a hierarchy of elements based on the type, scale and function of the space, as illustrated in Figure 1.10b and described below.

. Key Landscape Links: large scale spaces and significant blocks of trees connecting to make a green network running through the site; design driven by both habitat and amenity potential.

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. Secondary Green Spaces: public green spaces outside the key landscape links usually accommodating secondary or supporting uses and including school grounds, urban greens or landscape strips subdividing neighbourhoods; design maybe formal or informal but design of elements within spaces will be driven by habitat potential.

. Buffer Strips: narrow strips of planting used primarily to define boundaries or to screen or filter views to the development.

. Minor Landscape Links and Avenues: urban spaces with intermittent greenery including, for example, street trees, shrub beds, verges/areas of lawn, climbers and container planting.

5.3 Landscape Framework The vision for Grandhome is to create an urban extension with a high proportion of open space, accommodating a full range of uses such as formal recreational facilities and informal places for rest and relaxation, as well as natural, untamed areas that support biodiversity. The nature of the various elements of the Landscape Framework for Grandhome are indicated in Figures 1.10 c and d.

The proposed development will necessitate the removal of some existing landscape features such as stone walls and trees. Throughout the design development the aim has been to identify and retain existing features of merit. This approach will be continued through the detailed design and implementation stages to ensure loss is minimised, and landscape features are safeguarded and managed appropriately for the future.

5.4 Detailed Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures intended to reduce identified landscape and visual effects are summarised below:

. A key aim of the Landscape Framework is the extension of the existing distinctive landscape features of the area with: new woodland blocks; tree belts, trees on ridgelines; copses/roundels of trees; avenues and walls; all to assist with “fitting” the proposed development into the existing landscape pattern and reinforcing the distinctive local landscape character.

. The Landscape Framework proposes an edge/ buffer landscape to provide containment and strategic framing or screening. This will screen or filter views while contributing to the visual composition of key views towards the development.

. The Landscape Framework proposes a number of woodland blocks, belts and avenues within the site to reinforce the urban form and character, provide containment and strategic screening. Tree belts on ridgelines will extend the characteristic feature of feathered silhouettes of trees along the city skyline. Within the proposed development, the proposed woodland belts and avenue tree planting will help define and visually frame development areas, form wooded corridors physically linking the site, and create a filtering landscape element to break up and soften views both on the edge and across the proposed development.

. The removal of key landscape features such as woodland, rows of trees, individual specimen trees, and stone walls to accommodate the proposed development has been kept to an absolute minimum reflecting the contextual design approach adopted from the outset by the master planners. The extent of any woodland areas to be removed will be kept to an absolute minimum, and the remaining area safeguarded and suitably managed to enhance and ensure future viability.

. The Landscape Framework aims to create an integrated green network providing for a variety of recreational open spaces, pedestrian and cycle circulation, and biodiversity.

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. The Landscape Framework aims to increase and enhance habitat and wildlife diversity. Any specific measures identified by SNH and the Local Planning Authority (LPA) will be incorporated into the detailed landscape proposals.

. The Landscape Framework aims to safeguard and enhance the character, integrity and setting of Listed Buildings and important archaeological sites. Any specific measures identified by Historic Scotland and the Local Planning Authority will be incorporated into the detailed landscape proposals.

. All general earth modelling will reflect natural slopes and contours, and aim to seamlessly “fit” the new development into the existing topography.

. All the proposed sustainable urban drainage system measures will be carefully designed and integrated with the surrounding development and landscape. Attenuation features will be sensitively earth modelled and planted with suitable species to promote habitat diversity. Any further specific measures as identified by SNH, SEPA and Airport Authority will be incorporated into the detailed landscape proposals.

. Suitable management proposals will be developed in accordance with the BS5837 survey recommendations for all existing woodland and trees safeguarded and incorporated into the proposed development. This may at the outset involve some felling, thinning, pruning and replanting works to ensure the long term viability of the tree/woodland area and secure its future. Existing monoculture plantations will be replaced over time with a mix of native species.

. Detailed landscape and planting proposals will be discussed and agreed with the Local Planning Authority. The proposed species, size and specification will be suitable for the stated design aim and prevailing site conditions. Reference to current best practice techniques and guidance will be undertaken during this process.

. The detailed landscape works approved by the Local Planning Authority will be implemented as early as practicable in the construction programme to secure early establishment of the Landscape Framework.

. All key landscape features will be protected during construction, as agreed with the Local Planning Authority.

. All landscape works will be carried out in accordance with BS4428. All tree works will be carried out in accordance with BS3998. Topsoil used for the works will be in accordance with BS3882. All retained trees will be protected during the works in accordance with BS5837.

. Sustainable methods and techniques will be adopted wherever possible for all aspects of the proposed landscape works.

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6.0 Statement of Significance

6.1 Summary of Effect on Landscape and Visual Amenity Effect on Landscape The sensitivity of the landscape features to change is considered to be medium and the magnitude of change medium during construction. Overall, the significance of effect upon the immediate local landscape features is judged to be moderate adverse during construction with a moderate adverse localised permanent effect as the new urban extension is completed. The establishment of Landscape Framework and detailed landscape proposals will reinforce existing landscape features and provide new landscape features, creating over time a moderate beneficial effect.

The sensitivity of the landscape character to change is considered to be medium and the magnitude of change high during construction. Overall, the significance of effect upon the immediate local landscape character is considered to be major adverse during construction with a moderate adverse effect as the new urban extension is completed. Given the urban fringe location and nature of views afforded from the surrounding area it is considered that the overall effect on the wider landscape character will be minor.

The design approach to the Masterplan and Landscape Framework is based on retaining existing landscape features, enhancing landscape character and creating a strong reference to place and setting. The proposed urban extension represents a further stage in the evolution of this landscape, and presents the opportunity to maintain and enhance these distinctive qualities. As the urban form and landscape becomes established it is considered that the moderate adverse impact of the proposed new urban extension on the existing landscape character will decrease over time.

Effect on Visual Amenity The greatest change in the character of views and visual amenity will be localised, encompassing sensitive and less sensitive receptors to the north, east, south and west of the proposed development. The most numerous sensitive visual receptors of the proposed development are located on the valley side to the south of the River Don. The proposed Masterplan and Landscape Framework aim to limit the change in character of views through the overall composition, layout and quality of development.

For the majority of receptors in the wider surrounding area extending to the coast and built up areas of Aberdeen to the south east, south and higher ground to the west, the change in visual amenity will be moderate or minor.

The overall significance of visual effect is judged to be major adverse during construction and an overall major/moderate adverse localised permanent effect on visual amenity as the new urban extension is completed. Change to the character of views and visual amenity will change over time as the development and landscape becomes established, and it is considered that that the major/moderate adverse localised effects will decrease over time.

6.2 Significance The evaluation of significance of landscape and visual effects associated with the proposed new urban extension of Grandhome is summarised in Table 1.0.

Potential Effects of Planning Permission in Principle Area (Phases 1-5) The PPiP area encompasses Phases 1-5, which will comprise of approximately 4,700 dwellings, retail, commercial and community facilities and associated open space.

On balance, it is considered that the overall permanent landscape and visual effect of the PPiP will be moderate adverse. This effect will be localised and decrease significantly over time as the development and associated landscape becomes established.

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Table 1.0 Summary of Evaluation of Landscape & Visual Effects Landscape Effect Significance Receptor Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Level of Level of Rationale Construction Permanent Construction Permanent Effect Effect

Landscape Medium Medium Medium/ Moderate Moderate/ Construction: Loss of agricultural Features Medium Moderate land, although key landscape features retained. Limited removal woodland/ stone walls.

Permanent: Establishment of Landscape Framework will reinforce existing features and provide new landscape features creating a net benefit. Moderate adverse effect on landscape features will decrease over time to Moderate beneficial.

Landscape Medium High Medium Major Moderate Construction: Alteration of the Character local appearance and character of the site during construction.

Permanent: Establishment of a new urban extension with a distinct sense of place and associated Landscape Framework, which will reinforce the local landscape and cityscape character. Localised Moderate adverse effect on landscape character will decrease over time.

Visual Effect Significance Receptor Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Level of Level of Rationale Construction Permanent Construction Permanent Effect Effect Open and High-Low High High/ Major Major/ Construction: Large scale Partial View Medium Moderate temporary alteration of the Receptors/ localised available views of the Viewpoints 1- site and character during 14 & construction. Additional Viewpoints Permanent: Localised change in 15-16 character of view and visual amenity. Establishment of the new urban extension and associated Landscape Framework will reduce visual effect over time. Major/ Moderate adverse localised effect will decrease over time.

Note: Positive effects are underlined

6.3 Potential Effects of Phase 1- Laverock Braes Phase 1 of the proposed development at Laverock Braes will comprise of approximately 500 dwellings, retail and community facilities and associated open space. As this is the first stage of development, the magnitude of change will be greatest. This has been incorporated in the overall landscape and visual impact assessment.

On balance, it is considered that the overall permanent landscape and visual effect of the Phase 1 will be moderate adverse. This effect will be localised and decrease significantly over time as the development and associated landscape becomes established.

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6.4 Potential Effects of Masterplan (Phases 1-7) The Masterplan area encompasses Phases 1-7, which will comprise of approximately 7,000 dwellings, retail, commercial and community facilities and associated open space.

In summary, the overall significance of landscape and visual effects of the proposed new urban extension of Grandhome Masterplan is assessed as major adverse during construction. This effect will be temporary and localised.

On completion, it is assessed that the permanent landscape and visual effect of the proposed new urban extension will on balance, be moderate adverse. This effect will be localised and decrease significantly over time as the new urban extension and associated landscape becomes established.

6.5 Residual and Cumulative Effects In summary, the proposed urban extension of Grandhome has been carefully designed in a coherent and unified manner to create a distinct sense of place and enhance the quality of the existing landscape character. A key aim has been to ensure that the composition and layout of the proposed development integrates with and enhances the wider cityscape and landscape, providing for amenity, public access, screening and biodiversity.

Overall, it is considered that the residual effect of the proposed development will be that the assessed landscape and visual adverse effects will decrease over time. This reflects the overall design of the proposed new urban extension and associated landscape framework, which aims to facilitate positive change, whilst maintaining and enhancing the distinctive local landscape and visual character and quality of Grandhome, immediate surroundings and wider cityscape skyline.

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Appendix 1: Landscape & Visual Assessment Methodology

Significance of Effects The relative significance of effects is assessed using the following terms: Major -a fundamental change to the environment Moderate -a material but non-fundamental change to the environment; Minor -a detectable but non-material change to the environment. None-no detectable change to the environment.

Methodology Good practice as described in the “Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Assessment” (Second Edition, 2002) has been followed in undertaking the appraisal of the potential impacts on landscape and visual amenity arising from the proposed development. “Landscape and visual effects are independent but related issues: landscape effects are changes in the landscape, its character and quality, while visual effects relate to the appearance of these changes and the resulting effect on visual amenity………..The baseline information for the assessments, obtained through comprehensive desk and field studies, should include description, classification and analysis of the landscape and visual resources. The assessment process identifies likely landscape and visual effects, establishes their magnitude and sensitivity of the receptor, and determines the significance of effects.” (LI, 2002).

The adopted methodology is summarised below: - Baseline Survey and Analysis • Description of the site and surroundings: Collation and review of baseline information covering key features of the physical environment, planning allocation, natural and cultural heritage of the site and surroundings.

• Description of the landscape and features: The character, condition and value of the landscape are determined through a combination of desk and field study. Relevant designations are identified from a review of planning policies and other designations relating to the area.

• Review of the existing visibility and visual amenity: Visibility, visual amenity and potential visual receptors are identified for example, residential properties, public footpaths, transport routes, key viewpoints, etc. The approximate extent of the visibility is determined by using a combination of fieldwork and mapping.

Impact Assessment • Landscape and Visual Effect: Identification of the potential sources of impact of the proposed development, sensitivity of the landscape and visual resources and magnitude of change to the existing landscape and visual environment.

For the purposes of this assessment the sensitivity of the landscape is assessed with reference to the degree to which a particular landscape type or area can accommodate change arising from the proposed development, without detrimental effects on its character.

The degree to which a particular landscape type or area can accommodate change arising from a particular development, without detrimental effects on its character, will vary with . existing landuse . the pattern and scale of the landscape;

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. visual enclosure/ openness of views, and distribution of visual receptors; . the scope for mitigation, which would be in character with the existing landscape; . the value placed on the landscape

The sensitivity of visual receptors and views will be dependent on: . the location and context of the viewpoint; . the expectations and occupation of the receptors; . the importance of the view (which maybe determined with respect to its popularity or numbers of people affected, its appearance in guidebooks, on tourist maps, and in the facilities provided for its enjoyment and references to it in literature and art).

For the purposes of this assessment visual receptors are divided into several types, which are of differing sensitivity, as follows:

Residential: Highly sensitive, as they experience prolonged often highly valued views.

Recreational: Highly sensitive, for users of recreational facilities including public rights of way, as their attention or interest may be focused on the landscape and views are often part of their recreational experience (e.g. walkers, cyclists etc). Less sensitive or moderate are people engaged in an outdoor sport or recreation (other than the appreciation of the landscape).

Workers: Medium to low sensitivity, as they may not receive prolonged views, and will be distracted by work.

Travellers: Low sensitivity, as their views are constantly changing and attention is focussed on that activity and are therefore potentially less susceptible to changes in the view (e.g. motorists).

Magnitude of change is assessed with reference to the scale or degree of change to the landscape and visual resource, the nature of the effect and its duration.

Evaluation of Significance of Effects An assessment of the likely effects is reviewed with reference to landscape character and visual amenity. The different thresholds of significance of impact (major, moderate, minor or none) are determined through an evaluation of the scale or magnitude of effect and the environmental sensitivity of the location or receptor.

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Appendix 2: Development Plan Policy Extracts

Aberdeen Local Development Plan 2012

Policy LR1-Land Release Policy Part A-Phase 1 Release Development: Housing 2007-2016; and Employment 2007-2023 Housing and employment development on sites allocated in Phase 1 will be approved in principle within areas designated for housing or employment. Development on an allocated site or in close proximity to an allocation that jeopardises the full provision of the allocation will be refused.

Part B-Phase 2 Release Development: Housing 2017-2023; and Employment 2024-2030 Housing and employment development on sites allocated in Phase 2 are safeguarded for future development and will be released by a review of the Local Development Plan. Development on a site allocated in Phase 2 or in close proximity to an allocation that jeopardises the full provision of the allocation will be refused.

For housing developments, if the Housing Land Audit highlights that there is less than a 5 year supply of housing land, Supplementary Guidance may be prepared in conjunction with the Strategic Development Planning Authority to release allocations from Phase 2. Once released, sites will be assessed under the provisions of Part A of this Policy.

Part C-Phase 3 Housing 2024-2030 These sites are safeguarded for residential development for the period 2024 to 2030 to be released by a review of the Local Development Plan. Development on a site allocated for housing in Phase 3, or in close proximity to a housing allocation, that jeopardises the full provision of the allocation will be refused.

The detailed phasing of greenfield housing and employment sites is set out in Tables 5-10. (OP12 Grandhome 2007-2016-2,600; 2017-2023-2,100; 2024-2030-2,300; 5 ha employment).

Policy LR2 –Delivery of Mixed Use Communities Mixed use developments will be required to service employment land along with the associated phases of the housing development. This means that the road, water, gas and electricity infrastructure will need to be considered for the whole site.

Policy D1-Architecture and Placemaking To ensure high standards of design, new development must be designed with due consideration for its context and make a positive contribution to its setting. Factors such as siting, scale, massing, colour, materials, orientation, details, the proportions of building elements, together with the spaces around buildings, including streets, squares, open space, landscaping and boundary treatment, will be considered in assessing that contribution.

To ensure that there is a consistent approach to high quality development throughout the City with an emphasis on creating quality places, the Aberdeen Master Planning Process Supplementary Guidance will be applied.

The level of detail required will be appropriate to the scale and sensitivity of the site. The full scope will be agreed with us prior to commencement.

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Landmark or high buildings should respect the height and scale of their surroundings, the urban topography, the City’s skyline and aim to preserve or enhance important views.

Policy D2-Design and Amenity In order to ensure the provision of appropriate levels of amenity the following principles will be applied. 1. Privacy shall be designed into higher density housing. 2. Residential development shall have a public face to a street and a private face to an enclosed garden or court. 3. All residents shall have access to sitting out areas. This can be provided by balconies, private gardens, terraces, communal gardens or other means acceptable to the council. 4. When it is necessary to accommodate car parking within a private court, the parking must not dominate the space: as a guideline no more than 50% of any court should be taken up by parking spaces and access roads. Underground or decked parking will be expected in high density schemes. 5. Individual flats or houses within a development shall be designed to make the most of opportunities offered by the site for views and sunlight. Repeated standard units laid out with no regard for location or orientation are not acceptable. 6. Development proposals shall include measures to design out crime and design in safety. 7. External lighting shall take into account residential amenity and minimise light spillage into adjoining areas and the sky.

Development deemed to have an influence on pubic realm in the City Centre, Town, District or Neighbourhood Centres will make an agreed contribution to art or other enhancement of the public realm.

Policy D3-Sustainable and Active Travel New development will be designed in order to minimise travel by private car, improve access to services and promote healthy lifestyles by encouraging active travel. Development will maintain and enhance permeability, ensuring that opportunities for sustainable and active travel are both protected and improved. Access to, and movement within and between, new and existing developments will prioritise transport modes in the following order-walking, cycling, public transport, car and other motorised vehicles.

Street layouts will reflect the principles of Designing Streets and will meet the minimum distances to services as set out in Supplementary Guidance on Transport and Accessibility, helping to achieve maximum levels of accessibility for communities to employment, essential services and areas of recreation.

Existing access rights, including core paths, rights of way and paths within the wider network will be protected and enhanced. Where development proposals impact on the access network, the principle of access must be maintained through the provision of sustainable alternative routes.

Policy D4-Aberdeen’s Granite Heritage The City Council will encourage the retention of granite buildings throughout the City, even if not Listed or in a Conservation Area. Conversion and adaptation of redundant granite buildings will be favoured. Within Conservation Areas, neither Conservation Area consent nor planning permission will be given for the demolition or part removal of granite buildings (except those buildings that make an insignificant contribution to the character of the Conservation Area). Consent will not be given for the demolition of granite built garden or other boundary walls in Conservation Areas. Where a large or locally significant granite building that is not listed or in a Conservation Area is demolished, the City Council will expect the original granite to be used on the principal elevations of the replacement building.

The City Council will seek to retain original setted street and granite pavements in conservation areas, and elsewhere if they contribute significantly to a sense of place. Where the opportunities occur, greater use will be made of granite in resurfacing historic streets in the City Centre.

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The City Council will seek to retain coach houses and other large granite built outbuildings adjoining rear lanes in conservation areas and conversion to appropriate uses will be encouraged.

Policy D5-Built Heritage Proposals affecting Conservation Areas or Listed Buildings will only be permitted if they comply with Scottish Planning Policy. In relation to development affecting archaeological resources further details are set out in Supplementary Guidance on Archaeology and Planning.

Planning permission for development that would have an adverse effect on the character or setting of a site listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Design landscapes in Scotland or in any addition to the Inventory will be refused unless: 1. the objectives of designation and the overall integrity and character of the designated area will not be compromised; or 2. any significant adverse effects on the qualities for which the area has been designated are clearly outweighed by social, economic and strategic benefit of national importance. In both cases mitigation and appropriate measures shall be taken to conserve and enhance the essential characteristics, aesthetics, archaeological and historical value and setting of the site.

Policy D6-Landscape Development will not be acceptable unless it avoids: 1. significantly adversely affecting landscape character and elements which contribute to, or provide, a distinct “sense of place” which point to being either in or around Aberdeen or a particular part of it; 2. obstructing important views of the City’s townscape, landmarks and features when seen from busy and important recreation, wildlife or woodland resources or to the physical links between them; 3. disturbance, loss or damage to important recreation, wildlife or woodland resources or to the physical links between them; 4. sprawling onto important or necessary green spaces or buffers between places or communities with individual identities, and those which can provide opportunities for countryside activities.

Further guidance is available in Supplementary Guidance: Landscape Strategy Part 2-Landscape Guidelines.

Policy H1- Residential Areas Within existing residential areas (H1 on the Proposals Map) and within new residential developments, proposals for new residential development and householder development will be approved in principle if it: 1. does not constitute over development; 2. does not have an unacceptable impact on the character or amenity of the surrounding area; 3. does not result in the loss of valuable and valued areas of open space. Open space is defined in the Aberdeen Open Space Audit 2010; 4. complies with Supplementary Guidance on Curtilage splits; and 5. complies with Supplementary Guidance on House Extensions.

Within existing residential areas, proposals for non residential uses will be refused unless:

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1. they are considered complimentary to residential use; or 2. it can be demonstrated that the use would cause no conflict with, or any nuisance to, the enjoyment of existing residential amenity.

Policy H2- Mixed Use Areas Applications for development or change of use within Mixed Use Areas must take into account the existing uses and character of the surrounding area and avoid undue conflict with the adjacent land uses and amenity. Where new housing is proposed, a satisfactory residential environment should be created which should not impinge upon the viability or operation of existing businesses in the vicinity. Conversely, where new industrial, business or commercial uses are permitted, development should not adversely affect the amenity of people living and working in the area.

Policy H3-Density The City Council will seek an appropriate density of development on all housing allocation and windfall sites. All residential developments of over one hectare must: 1. meet a minimum density of 30 dwellings per hectare (net). Net dwelling density includes those areas which will be developed for housing and directly associated uses, including access roads within the site, garden ground and incidental open space; 2. have consideration of the site’s characteristics and those of the surrounding area; 3. create an attractive residential environment and safeguard living conditions within the development; and 4. consider providing higher densities in the City Centre, around local centres, and public transport nodes.

Policy NE1-Green Space Network The City Council will protect, promote and enhance the wildlife, recreational, landscape and access value of the Green Space Network. Proposals for development that are likely to destroy or erode the character or function of the Green Space Network will not be permitted. Where major infrastructure projects or other developments necessitate crossing the Green Space Network, such developments shall take into account the coherence of the network. In doing so measures shall be taken to allow access across roads for wildlife, and for access and outdoor recreation purposes.

Masterplanning of new developments should determine the location and extent of the Green Space Network within these areas.

Development which has any impact on existing wildlife habitats, or connections between them, or other recreational features of value to natural heritage, open space, landscape and recreation must be mitigated through enhancement of Green Space Network.

Policy NE2-Green Belt No development will be permitted in the green belt for purposes other than those essential for agriculture, woodland and forestry, recreational uses compatible with an agricultural or natural setting, mineral extraction or restoration or landscape renewal. The following exceptions apply to this policy: 1. Proposals for development associated with existing activities in the green belt will be permitted but only if all of the following criteria are met: a) the development is within the boundary of the existing activity. b) the development is small scale c) the intensity of activity is not significantly increased. d) any proposed built construction is ancillary to what exists

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2. Essential infrastructure, such as electronic communications infrastructure and electricity grid connections, transport proposals identified in the Local Development Plan, such as the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route, as well as roads planned through the masterplanning of new houses and employment allocations, which cannot be accommodated other than in the green belt. 3. Buildings in the green belt which have a historic or architectural interest or traditional character that contributes to the landscape setting of the city will be permitted to undergo a change of use to private residential use or to a use which makes a worthwhile contribution to the amenity of the green belt, providing it has been demonstrated that the building is no longer suitable for the purpose for which it was originally designed (See Supplementary Guidance on the Conversion of Steadings and other Non residential Vernacular Buildings in the Countryside). 4. Proposal for extensions of existing buildings as part of a conversion or rehabilitation scheme will be provided in the green belt provided: a) the original building remains visually dominant; b) the design of the extension is sympathetic to the original building in terms of massing, detailing and materials; and c) the siting of the extension relates well to the setting of the original building.

Policy NE3-Urban Green Space Permission will not be granted to use or redevelop any parks, playing fields, sports pitches, woods, allotments or all other areas of urban green space (including smaller spaces not identified on the Proposals Map) for any use other than recreation or sport, unless an equivalent and equally convenient and accessible area for public access is laid out and made available in the locality by the applicant for urban green space purposes. In all cases, development will only be acceptable provided that: 1. There is no significant loss to the landscape character and amenity of the site and adjoining areas. 2. Public access is either maintained or enhanced. 3. The site is of no significant wildlife or heritage value; 4. There is no loss of established or mature trees; 5. Replacement green space of similar or better quality is located in or immediately adjacent to the same community, providing similar or improved benefits to the replaced area and is as accessible to that community, taking into account public transport, walking and cycling networks and barriers such as major roads; 6. They do not impact detrimentally on lochs, ponds, watercourses or wetlands in the vicinity of the development; and 7. Proposals to develop playing fields or sports pitches should also be consistent with the terms of Scottish Planning Policy. Note-Only larger areas of Urban Green Space are zoned as NE3 on the Proposals Map.

Policy NE4-Open Space Provision in New Development The City Council will require the provision of at least 2.8 hectares per 1,000 people of meaningful and useful public open space in new residential development. The nature of the provision is set out in Supplementary Guidance on Open Space.

Communal or public open space should be provided in all residential developments, including those on brownfield sites.

Where it is not possible to increase the amount of open space in areas of the city where the Open Space Audit has shown that the provision of open space is low, developer contributions from brownfield or other types of development may be sought to enhance the quality of nearby open spaces.

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Where the small scale of a proposal means that only a small area of green space can be provided, an addition or improvement to existing areas may be sought.

The Open Space Audit and Strategy will provide details of any improvements that may be required to open spaces and the linkages between them.

Policy NE5-Trees and Woodlands There is a presumption against all activities and development that will result in the loss or damage to established trees and woodlands that contribute significantly to nature conservation, landscape character or local amenity, including ancient and semi natural woodland which is irreplaceable.

Appropriate measures should be taken for the protection and long term management of existing trees and new planting both during and after construction. Building and services should be sited so as to minimise adverse impacts on existing and future trees, and tree cover.

Native trees and woodlands should be planted in new development.

Where trees are affected by a development proposal the City Council may make Tree Preservation Orders.

A tree protection plan for the long term retention of trees should be submitted and agreed with the Council before development commences on site.

See Supplementary Guidance on both protecting trees and woodlands, and the Trees and Woodland Strategy for Aberdeen for more information.

Policy NE6-Flooding and Drainage Development will not be permitted if: 1.it would increase the risk of flooding: - a) by reducing the ability of the functional flood plain to store and convey water; b) through the discharge of additional surface water; or c) by harming flood defences. 2.it would be at risk from flooding; 3. adequate provision is not made for access to waterbodies for maintenance; or 4. it would result in the construction of new or strengthened flood defences that would have a significantly damaging effect on the natural heritage interests within or adjacent to a watercourse.

Applicants will be required to provide an assessment of flood risk where a development is likely to result in a material increase in the number of buildings at risk of flooding or where it has been indicated in the opportunity sites schedule that one will be prepared. Windfall sites may also require a flood risk assessment.

Where more than 10 homes or greater than 100 m2 floor space is proposed, the developer will be required to submit a Drainage Impact Assessment (see Supplementary Guidance on Drainage Impact Assessments). Surface water drainage associated with development must: 1. be the most available in terms of SUDs; and 2. avoid flooding and pollution both during and after construction.

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Connection to the public sewer will be a pre-requisite of all development where this is not already provided. Private wastewater treatment systems in sewered areas will not be permitted. In areas not served by the public sewer, a private sewer treatment system for individual properties will be permitted provided that the developer demonstrates that there will be no adverse effects on the environment, amenity and public health.

Policy NE8-Natural Heritage Development that, taking account of any proposed mitigation measures, has an adverse effect on a protected species or an area designated because of its natural heritage value will only be permitted where it satisfies the relevant criteria in Scottish Planning Policy. These are International Designations, National Designations, Local Designations and European Protected Species and Species protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

In all cases of development at any location: - 1. Applicants should submit supporting evidence for any development that may have an adverse effect on a protected species demonstrating both the need for the development and that a full range of possible alternative courses of action has been properly examined and none found acceptably meet the need identified. 2. An ecological assessment will be required for a development proposal on or likely to affect a nearby designated site or where there is evidence to suggest that a habitat or species of importance (including those identified in the UK and Local Biodiversity Action Plan) exists on the site. 3. No development will be permitted unless steps are taken to mitigate negative development impacts. All proposals that are likely to have a significant effect on the River Dee SAC will require an Appropriate Assessment which will include the assessment of a detailed construction method statement addressing possible impacts on Atlantic Salmon, Freshwater Pearl Mussel and Otter. Development proposals will only be approved where the Appropriate Assessment demonstrates that there will be no adverse affect on site integrity, except in situations of overriding public interest. 4. Natural heritage interests beyond the confines of designated sites should be protected and enhanced. 5. Where feasible, steps to prevent further fragmentation or isolation of habitats must be sought and opportunities to restore links which have been broken will be taken. 6. Measures will be taken, in proportion to the opportunities available, to enhance biodiversity through the creation and restoration of habitats and, where possible, incorporating existing habitats. 7. There will be presumption against excessive engineering and culverting; natural treatments of floodplains and other water storage features will be preferred wherever possible; there will be requirement to restore existing culverted or canalised water bodies where this is possible; and the inclusion of SUDs. Natural buffer strips will be created for the protection and enhancement of water bodies, including lochs, ponds, wetlands, rivers, tributaries, estuaries and the sea. Supplementary guidance will be developed on buffer strips.

Policy NE9-Access and Informal Recreation New development should not compromise the integrity of existing or potential recreational opportunities including access rights, core paths, other paths and rights of way. Core paths are shown on the Proposals Map. Wherever appropriate, development should include new or improved provision for public access, permeability and/ or links to green space for recreation and active travel.

Further guidance is available in the Infrastructure and Developer Contributions Manual, Supplementary Guidance on Transport and Accessibility, and Open Space Supplementary Guidance.

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Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan 2012

Policy 4 Special Types of Rural Land Aberdeenshire Council will protect the special character of the greenbelt and the coastal zone. In these areas we will have special controls on development. These include a presumption against development that would erode the special nature of these different areas.

The way we will do this is set out in the following supplementary guidance: SG STRL type1: Development in the Coastal Zone We will approve development within the defined coastal area as shown on the Main Proposals Maps, subject to other policies, if: 1) the site is within a settlement boundary identified in the plan; OR 2) outwith a settlement boundary the proposal requires a coastal location, and the social and economic benefits outweigh any adverse environmental impact, and it is demonstrated that there is no alternative site. In either of these cases the applicant must also demonstrate that: a) it will not contribute to the coalescence of coastal developments; AND b) it will respect the character and amenity of the surrounding area; AND c) the site is not at risk from flooding, over-topping, landslip or erosion; AND d) there is no adverse impact on water quality and it will not result in the pollution of coastal waters; AND e) it will not unreasonably adversely impact on natural coastal processes or habitats. We will approve proposals for coastal protection works, subject to other policies, if an assessment of the implications of the works shows that they work with natural processes and there will be no significant adverse impact on coastal processes or habitats, and that the development will not result in increased coastal erosion or flooding elsewhere on the coastline.

SG STRL type2: Greenbelt We will approve development in the Aberdeen greenbelt, as shown in the Main Proposals Map, subject to other policies, if: 1) it is for the extension of an existing building or use that is ancillary to the main use; OR 2) it is for the purposes of agriculture, forestry, horticulture, nature conservation or essential public infrastructure; OR 3) it is for a recreational use that is compatible with its agricultural or natural setting; OR 4) it proposes the sensitive restoration, conversion or extension of a vernacular building or other building of architectural merit; OR 5) it is accommodation required for a worker in a primary industry which is appropriate to the countryside and where the presence of a worker is essential to the operation of the enterprise, there is no suitable alternative residential accommodation available, and it is located within the immediate vicinity of the place of employment; OR 6) it is identified as a national priority in the National Planning Framework and it is demonstrated that no other site is available; OR 7) it is identified under the policy for safeguarding of resources and areas of search as required to meet an established need, and it is demonstrated that no other suitable site is available.

Policy 11 Natural Heritage Aberdeenshire Council will improve and protect designated nature conservation sites and the wider biodiversity and geodiversity of the area. Where there is uncertainty over the impacts of a proposed development, we will adopt an approach based on the precautionary principle. We will also consider

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The way we will do this is set out in the following supplementary guidance. SG Natural Environment 1: Protection of nature conservation sites SG Natural Environment 2: Protection of the wider biodiversity and geodiversity

Policy 12 Landscape Conservation Aberdeenshire Council will plan for and promote the improvement and protection of all landscapes in Aberdeenshire by recognising and using landscape character areas. All the landscape of Aberdeenshire are valuable assets and vulnerable resources, which are facing various pressures for change. We will use the Landscape Character Area framework as a basis for future planning and management policy. We will also take into consideration particular opportunities, sensitivities and vulnerabilities of different landscapes, and make sure that the implications of development on these are managed in an appropriate and sensitive way.

The way we will do this is set out in the following supplementary guidance. SG Landscape 1: Landscape character We will approve development, subject to other policies, where: 1) its scale, location and design are appropriate to the landscape character of the area, as identified in Appendix 1; AND 2) the proposal will not have an adverse impact on:- (i) the key natural or historic features of the landscape character; OR (ii) the overall composition or quality of the landscape character, particularly if the landscape is currently largely unspoiled by obtrusive or discordant features; OR (iii) any combination of the above, when considered with other recent developments, resulting in the possibility of an adverse cumulative impact on the local landscape character.

SG Landscape2: Valued views We will approve development, subject to other policies, if: 1) the proposal will not, by virtue of its location, scale or design, have an adverse impact on the viewpoint for a “valued view”, as identified in Appendix 1; AND

2) the proposal will not, by virtue of its scale or location, have an adverse impact on the characteristics for which the view itself is valued.

Policy 13 Protecting, Improving and Conserving the Historic Environment Aberdeenshire Council supports the protection, improvement and conservation of the historic environment. There will be a presumption against development that would have a negative effect on the quality of these historic assets. Different parts of the historic environment require to be subject to specific guidance and controls to make sure that we maintain and improve their value.

The way we will do this is published separately in the following supplementary guidance. SG Historic Environment 1: Listed Buildings SG Historic Environment 2: Conservation Areas SG Historic Environment 3: Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes SG Historic Environment 4: Archaeological Sites and Monuments

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SG Historic Environment 2: Conservation areas We will refuse planning permission and/or conservation area consent for any development, including change of use or demolition, which would have a detrimental effect on the special character or setting of a conservation area. We will only approve new development wholly or partly within a conservation area, subject to other policies, if: 1) all details are provided under cover of an application for full planning permission; AND 2) the design is of the highest quality, and respects and enhances the architectural, historic and visual qualities that give rise to the designation; AND 3) any trees in the vicinity considered by the Council to have amenity value are retained.

SG Historic Environment 4: Archaeological Sites and Monuments We will only approve development that would have an adverse effect on a scheduled ancient monument or on any other archaeological site, including battlefields, of either national or local importance, or on their setting, subject to other policies, if: 1) there are imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature; AND 2) there is no alternative site for the development; AND 3) where there is doubt, the applicant has provided further information, at their expense, on the nature and location of the archaeological feature(s) involved, prior to determination of the planning application. In any such case, the applicant must at their own expense: a) take satisfactory steps to mitigate adverse development impacts; AND b) when the preservation of the site in its original location is not possible, arrange for the full excavation and recording of the site in advance of development.

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Appendix 3: SNH Landscape Character Assessment Extracts

The proposed development is located in the following Landscape Character Areas: . Lower Don Valley (Area 11) . Braes of Don (Area 4)

The wider study area encompasses the following Landscape Character Areas . Central Wooded Estate (Area 12) . Formartine Lowlands (Area 11) . Formartine Links (Area 1)

Aberdeen A brief summary of each of the landscape character types encompassing the City of Aberdeen has been extracted from the SNH Landscape Character Assessment (SNH/ACC, 1996) and placed below:

Major River Valley Landscape Character Type (includes Area 11-Lower Don Valley) “This character type comprises the valleys of the Rivers Dee and Don. The vegetation cover is broadly similar throughout, with open ground on the valley floors and mature woodland on the side slopes. Major arterial roads and development follow the valley landform. The built character of each valley is different. The residential developments on the Dee are partially screening by woodland; housing areas along the Don tend to be more exposed. The Don valley also exhibits an historical industrial component of mill buildings along the riverside, which is absent from the Dee”.

Hill Landscape Character Type “This type comprises the highest ground in the study area and forms distinctive landmarks or skyline features when viewed from within, or approaching the City. It is characterised by a gently rounded landform with predominantly smooth slopes. The vegetation cover on the summits varies from open moorland to plantation woodland. Man made elements, such as buildings or telecommunications masts, are limited in number but tend to be more visible due to their higher elevation.”

Coast Landscape Character Type “A highly distinctive linear, and relatively narrow landscape character type. It ranges from smooth sandy beaches and dunes around Aberdeen Bay, to the rocky cliffs to the south of Girdleness. The vegetation is primarily semi natural with farmland generally running along its western edges. Closer to the built up areas, the character type has a recreational emphasis”.

Open Farmland Landscape Character Type “An extensive landscape character type which forms much of Aberdeen’s agricultural hinterland has a gently rolling landform of open character with relatively few trees. Farmsteads are scattered, often associated with small clumps of trees. Fields are often bordered by drystane dykes, many of which have been replaced or reinforced, by post and wire fences.”

Wooded Farmland Landscape Character Type (includes Area 4-Braes of Don) “A diverse, undulating and rural landscape which tends to be located close to the major river valleys. It is mainly agricultural but contains a high proportion and variety of woodland cover either as plantations, shelterbelts or clumps of trees around the scattered, traditional style buildings. The congruity of open fields to woodland is an important characteristic.”

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A summary of the distinctive features, sensitivity and guidelines for each of the landscape character areas which cover the proposed development site has been extracted from the SNH Landscape Character Assessment (SNH/ACC, 1996)) and placed below:

Lower Don Valley-Area 11 Summary of Distinctive Landscape Features . The large-scale valley landform; . The amount and diversity of woodland and tree planting, particularly the shelterbelts; . The balance between open and built up areas; . The occasional use of stone dykes as field boundaries; . Transport and industrial uses associated with the valley and the river; . Visibility of parts of the open valley slopes from within the city; . Views along the valley.

Sensitivity to Landscape Change Visibility Much of this area is highly visible from a range of viewpoints that include large areas of residential development; major city routes; and the Aberdeen – Inverness railway line.

Built Development The upstream parts of the area have a much lower number of buildings than the downstream areas. However, these are often in close proximity to large scale industrial development and have views across to the residential areas of the city. Throughout the area either the flood plain or the sloping topography of the valley sides tend to preclude development. In the highly developed lower section of the area, the areas of open space make a significant contribution to the character of the area on the highly visible side slopes of the valley. Infilling these areas would be detrimental to the existing landscape character and would have significant visual impacts from many viewpoints.

Transportation Any new roads traversing north-south would require embankments or bridges and would be visually obtrusive. The major roads in and near the area are all very busy. They tend to be open to view and unscreened by hedgerows or roadside trees.

Extraction/ Landfill Such development would be likely to have significant impacts due to the proximity of residential areas and the topography of the area.

Agriculture and Forestry In both parts of the area, landscape structure is provided by woodland. Upstream, mostly deciduous woodland dominates the steep river banks, and it also occurs in clumps and belts away from the river. Some extension to this farm woodland type of landscape could be carried out without losing the rural aspects of the area, and could also increase the screening of the factories that are one of its features. Downstream, the area will become sensitive in the future to the over maturity, and possible loss, of the even aged shelterbelts that are so distinctive.

Recreation The river valley and its associated transport corridor could provide opportunities for informal recreational routes out of the city. Downstream, some of the existing areas of open space consist of sports pitches.

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Summary of Sensitivity to Landscape Change: - The area has a distinctive landform, being one of the main river valleys of Aberdeen. The mixture of open space to developed areas is characteristic, as is the extent and variety of woodland; these attributes would be sensitive to change.

Landscape Guidelines Conserve/ Manage . Tree and woodland management and retention, particularly where it “softens” urban and industrial development; . Maintain stone dykes; . Retain open areas to maintain the character of the area and its characteristic skyline.

Enhance . Extend tree planting along Balgownie Road to continue the distinctive sky line trees; . The shelterbelt pattern could be extended to the edge of the housing areas, to better integrate these areas with the landscape; . Tree and shrub planting along the roadsides could help screen traffic from residential areas as well as vice versa; . Investigate the possibilities of encouraging tree planting within gardens to help integrate the housing areas with their surroundings.

Braes of Don-Area 4 Summary of Distinctive Landscape Features . The mixture of farmland and woodland; . The presence of distinctive shelterbelts; . The “unsoftened” edge to urban development within the area; . Varying degrees of visibility of residential development; . Nature conservation interests on Grandhome Moss; . The presence of stone dykes as field boundaries.

Sensitivity to Landscape Change Visibility In the main, this area cannot be seen from many other viewpoints, but the row of mature ridgeline trees on the southern edge of the area at Whitestripes is a landmark that is visible from many parts of the city.

Built Development Glimpses of the housing at Bridge of Don are possible, but it is visually contained by significant lines of boundary trees. Apart from this urban edge, there are only scattered isolated houses, which are generally associated with small clumps of trees.

Transportation Any new roads traversing the area would have significant impacts, but improvements, such as minor widening of existing roads, would be unlikely to have a major visual effect.

Extraction/ Landfill The proximity of residential development and the vegetation pattern in the area would make it difficult to integrate this type of development into the landscape.

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Agriculture and Forestry There is a high proportion of woodland in the area at present, in a variety of forms ranging from plantations to shelterbelts. New planting could link into this fairly easily. Discrete blocks and range of species, with the retention of areas of open space, would not conflict with the existing pattern. The stone dyke field boundaries emphasise the field pattern.

Recreation The area has considerable potential for cycle, pedestrian and equestrian routes, which could be easily accessed from the Bridge of Don housing area. This would be likely to have minimal landscape impacts. On open ground, however, any formalised facilities including buildings and associated infrastructure of car parks, lighting and roads could be obtrusive.

Summary of Sensitivity to Landscape Change: - The area has a degree of visual separation of the area from the city, and has a predominantly rural character. The existing woodland pattern is distinctive, and is important in reducing the visual impacts of nearby development in adjacent landscape character areas. Part of the woodland forms a distinctive landmark from the city.

Landscape Guidelines Conserve/ Manage . Tree and woodland management to retain a balance between open and wooded ground and retain the distinctive tree belt landmark. . Maintain the stone dykes-particularly the distinctive coursed dykes associated with shelterbelts (that usually comprise beech trees)

Aberdeenshire The key characteristics of each landscape character areas surrounding the proposed development site including specific guidance has been extracted from the SNH Landscape Character Assessment (ERM, 1998) and placed below:

Central Wooded Estate (Area 12) Key Characteristics . “Rolling landscape of low hills and wide valleys. . Strong woodland structure associated with numerous estate policies, adding rich and diverse texture. . Clumps of trees atop mounds and hillocks, often bounded by circular stone walls; mature shady beech avenues, conifer plantations distributed amongst broadleaves. . Mixed farmland with varying size and pattern of fields. . Mosses within lowland hollows where birch and Scots pine predominate. . Numerous and varied archaeological features, including henges, carved stone balls, recumbent stone circles and Pictish monuments. . Numerous towns and villages, many subject to recent residential expansion . Frequent settlement with a variety of sizes and styles of architecture, local vernacular stone buildings with conversions and extensions, modern bungalows and houses. . Long views across open farmland contrast with sudden enclosure by woodland as one passes through area.”

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Specific guidance “Aim: To conserve wooded character Aim: To conserve the setting of estates and archaeological features Aim: To integrate new development in the landscape.”

Formartine Lowlands (Area 11) Key Characteristics . “Gently undulating lowland plateau. . Low lying hollows of poorly drained, scrubby, rushy pasture supporting rough grazing for sheep. . Extensive area of open farmland with large geometric fields with post and wire fencing. . Drystane dykes are rare owing to the absence of rocks. . Prominent lines of trees and estates such as Pitmedden and Auchmacoy with associated woodlands giving local variation in character. . Relatively large, compact settlements such as Pitmedden, Ellon, Newmachar and Oldmeldrum. . Large farms with modern storage buildings and diverse building styles. . Roads and transmission lines criss-cross area, the latter often very visible. . Quite numerous archaeological remains, including carved stone balls and Pictish monuments. . Open character provides expansive views across the landscape”.

Specific guidance “Aim: To promote a more coherent landscape structure Aim: To increase the diversity of landscape features. Aim: To encourage a compact and traditional settlement pattern.”

Formartine Links (Area 1) Key Characteristics . “Extensive sands and beaches, including dunes. . Contrasting narrow rock shoreline north of the dunes. . Raised beaches in the Ythan valley. . Scare woodland and sporadic tree cover. . Predominant land cover of scrubby gorse and grasses behind the sands; dunes tufted with marram grass or bare of any vegetation. . Encroachment of farmland into sandy coastal fringe. . Settlement concentrated in towns such as Newburgh and Balmedie, which are expanding with new housing. . Experience highly dependent on weather and prevailing character of the sea, whether rough or calm. . Exposed to long expansive views along the beach and across the sea.

Specific guidance “Aim: To conserve the physical structure of the dune system. Aim: To retain the vegetation structure and distinction in landuse between the dunes and farmed fringe. Aim: To retain long, open views and the exposed and wild character of the coast.”

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Appendix 4: Viewpoint Photograph Technical Information

Taken in accordance with best LVIA practice and in particular Landscape Institute Advice Note 01/11 (March 2011).

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Appendix 5: Existing Visibility (PPiP, Phase 1 & Masterplan)

The visual appraisal is based on a grading of degrees of visibility, from “not visible” to “fully open views”. To indicate the degree of visibility of the site (or proposed development) from any location, that continuum has been divided into four categories:

No View: no view or difficult to perceive.

Glimpse View: a transient view or distant view of part of the site or development in the context of a wider view.

Partial View: a clear view of part of the site or development; a partial view of most of it; or a distant view in which the site or development forms a relatively small proportion of a wider view.

Open View: a panoramic view of most of the site or development, occupying most of the field of vision.

Site survey work was undertaken in July/ August 2012 and January/ February 2013. Visibility has been surveyed from the closest point to receptor without the need to enter upon private land. Survey findings are therefore approximate only.

Visibility from receptors located within the Masterplan area, adjacent the Site and from selected Viewpoints is listed below. The selected Viewpoint locations are indicated in Figure 1.5 and the Photographs in Figure 1.6. The Scoping Opinion by Aberdeen City Council 5-4-13 requested two additional viewpoints which have been included in the LVIA: Whitestripes Road; and minor road forming the western boundary of the site between Persley and Foulcausey (Viewpoints 15 and 16).

Visibility from Receptors located within Masterplan Area Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase 1 Visibility Masterplan Property Residential Whitestripes Farm high open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Cottages (2) Residential/ Whitestripes Farm high open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Farm Residential Whitestripes high open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Cottage East Business Shepherds Nursery medium open/partial open open/partial Business Oasis Fellowship medium open/partial open open/partial Residential Danestone West high open/partial open open/partial Cottage Residential/ Cothill high partial glimpse/none open/partial Farm Residential Cothill Cottages high partial glimpse/none open/partial (2No) Residential Clerkhill Cottage high partial glimpse/none open/partial Residential Upper Bonnyside high open partial/glimpse open

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase 1 Visibility Masterplan Residential Lower Bonnyside high open/partial partial/ glimpse open/partial Footpaths / Cycle Routes Bonnyside to high open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Whitestripes Farm Whitestripes Road high open open open Danestone Hill high open/partial open open/partial Quarry Woods to high partial partial/glimpse open/partial Cothill Protected Sites Listed Building North/ South Lodge high partial/glimpse none open/ partial (Cat B)/Residential Roads Whitestripes Road low open open open

Visibility from Receptors located adjacent to the Masterplan Area Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase 1 Visibility Masterplan Property North Residential Hillside high none none none Residential Westwinds high none none none Residential Hillhead high none none none Residential Cumbrae high none none none Residential 3 No Properties high open/partial glimpse/ none open/partial Residential Property No Name high open/partial glimpse/ none open/partial Residential Birkhill high open/partial glimpse/ none open/partial Residential Woodlands Croft high open/partial glimpse/ none open/partial Residential Hazeldene high open/partial glimpse/ none open/partial Residential Valley View high open/partial glimpse/ none open/partial Residential/ Hillhead high open/partial glimpse/ none open/partial Farm Residential/ Middle Bodachra high open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Farm Residential Bodachra high open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Residential/ Perwinnes Farm high partial/ glimpse none partial/ glimpse Farm Residential Perwinnes Farm high partial/ glimpse none partial/ glimpse Cottage East Residential- Middleton Park- high partial 22 partial/ 86 none partial 108 Approx single/ 2 storey. adjacent Boundary 40m Masterplan wide strip of

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase 1 Visibility Masterplan boundary mature Woodland Residential Old Schoolhouse high open open open (2) Residential The Willows high open open open Residential-42 Whitestripes high partial/ glimpse partial/ glimpse partial/ glimpse Avenue-single/ 2 storey properties/ 1.8m high fence/ screen planting at s end Residential-2 Buckie Road high open/ partial open/ partial open/ partial Residential-29 A90 Parkway- high partial partial partial single/ 2 storey properties/ 1.8m high fence Residential-20 A90 Parkway-2 high open/partial open open/partial storey flats high Residential/ Danestone Farm high partial partial partial Farm Residential Danestone Farm high partial partial partial Cottage Residential-33 A90 Parkway high partial/ glimpse partial/ glimpse partial/glimpse Residential-12 A90 Parkway-single high glimpse/none glimpse/none glimpse/none storey flats Residential-4 A90 Parkway- high open/partial open open/partial orientation Residential Highpark House high partial partial/ glimpse partial South Industrial Hutchisons Scrap low none none none Metal Industrial Persley Waste low none none none WTW Residential 6 No Properties- high none none none 1,2,14,15,16 (The Firs), 17 Residential Derelict Property high none none none Residential Quarry Farm high none none none (derelict) Residential/ Lower Persley Farm high none none none Farm Residential Lower Persley high glimpse none partial Cottage Residential Villa high glimpse none open/partial Residential/ Upper Persley high glimpse none partial Farm

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Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase 1 Visibility Masterplan

West Residential Millstream Cottage high none none none Residential Grandhome Mains high none none glimpse Residential/ Foulcausey high/ none none partial/ glimpse Business medium Residential Dunrovin high none none none Residential Bridgefield high glimpse/ none none glimpse/ none Residential Lower Bodachra high open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Footpaths / Cycle Routes Footpath River Don high partial/glimpse glimpse/none open/ partial Cycleway A90 Parkway high open/partial open open/partial Protected Sites Listed Building Mains of Scotstown high none none none Farmstead (Cat C) Listed Building Persley Bridge (Cat high glimpse/none none partial/glimpse B) Listed Building Waterton House high none none none (Cat B) Listed Building Stoneywood House high glimpse/none none partial/glimpse (Cat B) Listed Building Grandhome House high glimpse/ none none partial/ glimpse (Cat B) Listed Building Grandhome Doocot high none none none (Cat B) Listed Building Grandhome Walled high none none none Garden (Cat C) SAM Foucausie high none none none Roads B977 Road low open/ partial partial/ glimpse open/partial Whitestripes low open/partial open open/partial Avenue A90 Parkway low open/partial open open/partial Minor Road low partial/glimpse none open/partial Persley-Foulcausey

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Visibility from Viewpoints Viewpoint No Receptor Type Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase Visibility 1 Masterplan 1. B997, Toad Road, Scattered low, high open/ partial partial open/ partial Hollow Residential 2. Corby Loch LNR/ Recreation high partial glimpse partial 3. Whitestripes Road, Residential low, high open/ partial open open/ partial Avenue 4. Torry Battery Public Footpath, high glimpse glimpse glimpse Cycleway, Recreation Area, Viewpoint 5. A90 Parkway Major Road, Residential low, high open/partial open open/ partial Area 6. Loirston Kincorth Hill LNR, Public high glimpse glimpse glimpse Country Park Footpaths, Recreation Area, Viewpoint 7. A90 Major Road, Residential low, high partial partial partial 8. A96, Major Road, Residential, low, high partial partial partial Auchmill Road Public Footpath, Cycle Path. 9. Granitehill Cummings Park, high open/partial open/partial open/partial Mast Recreation Area 10. Kepplehill Road, Public Seat low, high open/partial open/partial open/ partial Road 11. Brimmond Public Footpath, high partial partial partial Hill Recreation Area, Viewpoint 12. A96 Kirkhill Major Road, Recreation high partial partial partial Forest Area 13. B977 Road low, high partial/glimpse glimpse partial/glimpse Cothall 14. Parkhill Public Footpath, high, low open/partial partial/glimpse open/partial Wood Recreation Area, Minor Road Additional Viewpoints- ACC Scoping Opinion 5-4-13 15. Road, Recreation low, high open open open Whitestripes Footpath Road 16. Persley to Minor Road, Recreation low partial/ none open/partial Foulcausey Footpath (Part) glimpse

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Appendix 6: Visual Effect of Proposed Development without Mitigation (PPiP, Phase 1 & Masterplan)

The visual effect of the proposed development without mitigation on visual receptors with glimpse, partial or open views is detailed below.

Visual effect has been assessed from the closest point to receptor without the need to enter upon private land. Findings are therefore approximate only.

Visibility from Receptors located within Masterplan Area Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity PPiP Phase 1 Masterplan Property Residential Whitestripes Farm high major moderate major Cottages (2) Residential/ Whitestripes Farm high major moderate major Farm Residential Whitestripes high major moderate major Cottage East Business Shepherds Nursery medium major major major Business Oasis Fellowship medium major major major Residential Danestone West high major major major Cottage Residential/ Cothill high moderate minor major Farm Residential Cothill Cottages high moderate minor major (2No) Residential Clerkhill Cottage high moderate minor major Residential Upper Bonnyside high major moderate major Residential Lower Bonnyside high major moderate major Footpaths / Cycle Routes Bonnyside to high major moderate major Whitestripes Farm Whitestripes Road high major major major Danestone Hill high major major major Quarry Woods to high moderate moderate major Cothill Protected Sites Listed North/ South Lodge high moderate - major Buildings (Cat B) Roads Whitestripes Road low, high moderate/major moderate/major moderate/ major (footpath)

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Visibility from Receptors located adjacent Masterplan Area Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase Visibility 1 Masterplan Property North Residential 3 No Properties high major minor major Residential Property No Name high major minor major Residential Birkhill high major minor major Residential Woodlands Croft high major minor major Residential Hazeldene high major minor major Residential Valley View high major minor major Residential/ Hillhead high major minor major Farm Residential/ Middle Bodachra high major moderate major Farm Residential Bodachra high major moderate major Residential/ Perwinnes Farm high moderate - moderate Farm Residential Perwinnes Farm high moderate - moderate Cottage East Residential- Middleton Park- high 108 moderate 22 moderate 108 moderate 108 Approx single/ 2 storey adjacent properties / 40m Masterplan wide strip of mature Beech Woodland boundary (22 Whitestripes Road) Residential Old Schoolhouse (2) high 2 major 2 major 2 major Residential The Willows high major major major Residential-42 Whitestripes Avenue- high 42 moderate 42 moderate 42 moderate single/ 2 storey properties/ 1.8m high fence/ screen planting at s end Residential-2 Buckie Road high 2 major 2 major 2 major Residential-29 A90 Parkway-single/ high 29 moderate 29 moderate 29 moderate 2 storey properties/ 1.8m high fence Residential-20 A90 Parkway-2 high 20 major 20 major 20 major storey flats high Residential/ Danestone Farm high moderate moderate moderate Farm Residential Danestone Farm high moderate moderate moderate Cottage

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Receptor Type Visual Receptor Sensitivity Description of Description of Description of Visibility PPiP Visibility Phase Visibility 1 Masterplan Residential-33 A90 Parkway high 33 moderate 33 moderate 33 moderate Residential-12 A90 Parkway-single high 12 minor 12 minor 12 minor storey flats Residential-4 A90 Parkway- high 4 major 4 major 4 major orientation Residential Highpark House high moderate moderate moderate South Residential Lower Persley high minor - moderate Cottage Residential Villa high minor - major Residential/ Upper Persley high minor - moderate Farm West Residential Grandhome Mains high - - minor Residential/ Foulcausey high/ - - moderate Business medium Residential Bridgefield high minor - minor Residential Lower Bodachra high major moderate major Footpaths / Cycle Routes Footpath River Don high moderate minor major Cycleway A90 Parkway high major major major Protected Sites Listed Building Mains of Scotstown high - - - Farmstead (Cat C) Listed Building Persley Bridge (Cat B) high minor - moderate Listed Building Waterton House (Cat high - - - B) Listed Building Stoneywood House high minor - moderate (Cat B) Listed Building Grandhome House high minor - moderate (Cat B) Listed Building Grandhome Doocot high - - - (Cat B) Listed Building Grandhome Walled high - - - Garden (Cat C) SAM Foucausie high - - - Roads B977 Road low moderate minor moderate Whitestripes Avenue low moderate moderate moderate A90 Parkway low moderate moderate moderate Minor Road Persley- low minor - moderate Foulcausey

+ JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

Masterplan

PPiP B997 Phase 1

Middleton Park Whitestripes Road Brimmond Hill

Viewpoint 1 _ B997, Toad Hollow. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

Masterplan

PPiP

Phase 1 North Sea Perwinnes Moss Granitehill Tower Perwinnes Mast Brimmond Hill Middleton Park

Viewpoint 2 _ Corby Loch. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (1 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

extent of overlap

Masterplan

PPiP

Phase 1

Granitehill Tower Whitestripes Avenue Brimmond Hill

Viewpoint 3 _ Whitestripes Avenue (South Section). (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

extent of overlap

Masterplan

PPiP

Phase 1 Whitestripes Road

Viewpoint 3 _ Whitestripes Avenue (North Section). (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (2 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

Brimmond Hill Grandhome

Viewpoint 4 _ Torry Battery. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

fig 1.6 (3 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

extent of overlap

A90 Parkway Masterplan

PPiP

Phase 1

Viewpoint 5 _ A90, Parkway (West Section). (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

extent of overlap

Masterplan

PPiP

Phase 1 Whitestripes Road

Viewpoint 5 _ A90, Parkway (East Section). (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (4 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

Brimmond Hill Kirkhill Forest Granitehill Tower Grandhome

Viewpoint 6 _ Loirston Country Park. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

Masterplan PPiP Phase 1

A90 Whitestripes Road

Viewpoint 7 _ A90, North Anderson Drive. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (5 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

Masterplan PPiP Phase 1

Whitestripes Avenue River Don Whitestripes Road

Viewpoint 8 _ A96, Auchmill Road. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

Masterplan PPiP Phase 1

Aberdeen Airport Perwinnes Mast Whitestripes Road A90 North Sea

Viewpoint 9 _ Granitehill Tower, Cummings Park. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (6 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

Masterplan PPiP Phase 1

Dyce Whitestripes Road North Sea Whitestripes Avenue

Viewpoint 10 _ Kepplehills Road. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

Masterplan PPiP Phase 1

Aberdeen Airport Dyce Perwinnes Mast North Sea Bucksburn Heathryfold Granitehill Tower

Viewpoint 11 _ Brimmond Hill. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (7 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

Masterplan PPiP Phase 1 Granitehill Tower

North Sea

Viewpoint 12 _ A96, Kirkhill Forest. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

B977 Grandhome River Don Granitehill Tower Aberdeen Airport

Viewpoint 13 _ B977, Cothall. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (8 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs + JB LA UD Grandhome_LVIA

Masterplan PPiP Phase 1

Middleton Park

Viewpoint 14 _ Parkhill Wood. (Correct viewing distance = 594mm)

g 1.6 (9 of 9) _ viewpoint photographs

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3. Whitestripes Road, Residential low, high major major major Avenue 4. Torry Battery Public Footpath, high minor minor minor Cycleway, Recreation Area, Viewpoint 5. A90 Parkway Major Road, low, high major major major Residential Area 6. Loirston Country Kincorth Hill LNR, high minor minor minor Park Public Footpaths, Recreation Area, Viewpoint 7. A90 Major Road, low, high moderate moderate moderate Residential 8. A96, Auchmill Major Road, low, high moderate moderate moderate Road Residential, Public Footpath, Cycle Path. 9. Granitehill Mast Cummings Park, high major major major Recreation Area 10. Kepplehill Road Road, Public Seat low, high major major major

11. Brimmond Hill Public Footpath, high moderate moderate moderate Recreation Area, Viewpoint 12. A96 Kirkhill Major Road, high moderate moderate moderate Forest Recreation Area 13. B977 Cothall Road, Scattered low, high moderate minor moderate Residential 14. Parkhill Wood Public Footpath, high, low major moderate major Recreation Area, Minor Road Additional Viewpoints- ACC Scoping Opinion 5-4-13 15. Whitestripes Road, Recreation low, high major major major Road Footpath 16. Persley to Minor Road, low, high moderate - major Foulcausey Recreation Footpath (Part)

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References

Aberdeen City Council (2012) Aberdeen Local Development Plan

Aberdeen City Council (2010) Open Space Audit

Aberdeen City and Shire Strategic Development Planning Authority (2012) Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan

Aberdeen City Council and Aberdeenshire Council (2009) Aberdeen City and Shire Structure Plan (Adopted 14th August 2009)

Aberdeen City Council and Aberdeenshire Council (2005) Forest and Woodland Strategy

Council of Europe (2000) European Landscape Convention. Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe 718th Meeting. Open for Signature at the Landscape Protection Conference 20/10/00. Treaty ratified 2004.

ERM (1998) South and Central Aberdeenshire: Landscape Character Assessment No 102. SNH Review Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Forestry Commission (2010) Forestry and Woodlands-The Right Tree in the Right Place.

General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (1845) New Statistical Accounts of Scotland 1845, Volume XII-Aberdeen Old Machar.

Grandhome Development Trust (2013) Grandhome Development Framework, Turnberry Planning, June 2013.

Historic Scotland (2009) Scottish Historic Environment Policy

Landscape Institute (2011) Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Assessment. Advice Note 01/11

Landscape Institute with the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (2002) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Assessment, Second Edition, Spon Press, London.

Scottish Government (2011) The Town and Country Planning (EIA)(Scotland) Regulations 2011

Scottish Government (2011) Circular 3/2011 The Town and Country Planning (EIA)(Scotland) Regulations 2011

Scottish Natural Heritage & Aberdeen City Council (1996) Landscape Character Assessment of Aberdeen No 80.

Whittow, J. (1977) Geology and Scenery in Scotland. London, Pelican

Grandhome Mixed Use Urban Extension JB_LA+UD

Whittow, J. (1992) Geology and Scenery in Britain. London, Chapman Hall

Relevant Planning Policy Background and Guidance National Planning Framework for Scotland 2 (2009) SPP Planning System (October 2010) Designing Places (June 2010) Designing Streets (2010) Policy for Architecture and Placemaking for Scotland (2013) PAN 42: Archaeology the Planning Process and Scheduled Monument Procedures PAN 44: Fitting New Housing Development into the Landscape PAN 51: Planning, Environmental Protection and Regulation PAN 58: Environmental Impact Assessment PAN 60: Planning for Natural Heritage PAN 61: Planning and Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems PAN 65: Planning and Open Space PAN 68: Design Statements PAN 77: Designing Safer Places PAN 78: Inclusive Design PAN 83: Masterplanning

Maps British Geological Survey (-) Aberdeen Superficial Deposits. Sheet 77. 1:50000 British Geological Survey (-) Aberdeen Solid Edition. Sheet 77. 1:50000 MISR (1962) Soil Survey of Scotland. Aberdeen. Sheet 77. One Inch to One Mile MLURI (1982) Land Capability for Agriculture. 1:50000 Aberdeen Sheet 38. MLURI (1985) Soil Survey of Scotland. Sheet 5 Eastern Scotland. 1:250000 OS First Edition (1869) Aberdeen. Six Inch to One Mile OS Explorer Sheet 406 & 421. 1: 25,000 OS Landranger Sheet 38. 1: 50,000

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Glossary of Terms

The following are Landscape and Visual Assessment terms as defined by the Landscape Institute with the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (2002) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Assessment. Term Explanation Landscape Capacity The degree to which a particular landscape character type or area is able to accommodate change without unacceptable adverse effects on its character. Capacity is likely to vary according to the type and nature of change being proposed.

Landscape The distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a particular Character type of landscape, and how this is perceived by people. It reflects particular combinations of geology, landform, soil, vegetation, landuse and human settlement. It creates the particular sense of place of different areas of the landscape.

Landscape Effects Change in the elements, characteristics, character and qualities of the landscape as a result of development. These effects can be positive or negative.

Landscape Is based on judgements about the physical state of the landscape, and about it intactness, Condition (quality) from visual, functional and ecological perspectives. It also reflects the state of repair of individual features and elements, which make up the character in any one place.

Landscape The extent to which a landscape can accept change of a particular type and scale without Sensitivity unacceptable adverse effects on its character.

Landscape Value The relative value or importance attached to a landscape (often as a basis for designation or recognition), which expresses national or local consensus, because of its quality, special qualities including perceptual aspects such as scenic beauty, tranquillity or wildness, cultural associations or other conservation issues.

Magnitude A combination of the scale, extent and duration of an effect.

Receptor Physical landscape resource, special interest or viewer group that will experience an effect.

Visual Amenity The value of a particular area or view in terms of what is seen.

Visual Effect Change in the appearance of the landscape as a result of development and the resulting effect on visual amenity (i.e. change in character of available views and change in visual amenity). This can be positive (i.e. beneficial or an improvement) or negative (i.e. adverse or a detraction) Visual Envelope Extent of potential visibility to or from a specific area or feature.