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List of Contributors ERNEST S. ABERS is Associate Professor of Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles, and, with Charles Kennel, joint author of Physics and. its Development (1975); with Benjamin Lee, "Gauge Theo- ries," Physics Reports, 1973; and other articles in elementary particle physics. SALOMON BOCHNER is Edgar Odell Lovett Professor of Mathematics at Rice University as well as Henry Burchand Fine Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Princeton University. He is author of The Role of Mathematics in the Rise of Science (1966), Eclosion and Synthesis (1969); and "The Rise of Functions," Rice University Studies, 1970; and numerous mathematical studies. WILLIAM H. DONAHUE, Tutor at St. John's College, Santa Fe, is author of "The Dissolution of the Celestial Spheres, 1595-1650," Cambridge University Doctoral Dissertation, 1972; and "A Hitherto Unreported Pre-Keplerian Oval Orbit, "Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1973. MAURICE A. FINOCCHIARO is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and author of History of Science as Explanation (1973); "Galileo's Space-Proportionality Argument: A Role for Logic in Historiography," Physis, 1973; and several articles in the philosophy of science. AMOS FUNKENSTEIN, Professor of History at the University of California, Los Angeles, has written Heilsplan und natürliche Entwicklung (1965) and, among other articles, "Descartes on Eternal Truths and the Divine Omnipotence," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1975; as well as the forthcoming Science and Imagination; The Share of Hypo- thetical Reasoning in the Formation of Early Modern Modes of Rea- soning. OWEN J. GINGERICH is Professor in the Departments of Astronomy and History of Science at Harvard University and holds a joint appointment at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. He is editor of The Nature of Scientific Discovery (1975), and author of "The Role of Eras- xiv List of Contributors mus Reinhold and the Prutenic Tables in the Dissemination of the Copernican Theory," Studia Copernicana, 1973; and many articles in the history of astronomy. JOHN L. HEILBRON, Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley, is author of H.G.J. Mosley. The Life and Letters of an English Physicist, 1887-1915 (1974), and, forthcoming, A History of Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries. With P. Forman and S. Weart, he has co-authored "Physics circa 1900. Personnel, Funding and Productivity of the Academic Establishment," Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, 1975; and numerous articles in the history of physics. JANICE A. HENDERSON is Assistant Professor in the Department of His- tory, Queens College, City University of New York, and is with A. Aaboe joint author of "The Babylonian Theory of Lunar Latitude and Eclipses according to System A," Archives international d'histoire des sciences, 1975. She has also prepared with S. Gibbs and D.J. de Solla Price A Computerized Checklist of Astrolabes (Yale University, private edition, 1973). CHARLES F. KENNEL is Professor of Physics and a member of the Insti- tute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1974-1975, he was Visiting Professor at the Ecole Poly- technique in Paris. He is author of the recent article "Cosmic Ray Acceleration by Pulsars," Physical Review Letters, 1974; and many articles in plasma and space physics. PAUL W. KNOLL, Associate Professor of History at the University of Southern California, is author of The Rise of the Polish Monarchy. Piast Poland in East Central Europe, 1320-1370 (1972), and "Poland as Antemurale Christianitatis in the Late Middle Ages," The Catholic His- torical Review, 1974; and other articles. IMRE LAKATOS was Professor of Logic with Special Reference to the Philosophy of Mathematics at the London School of Economics in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method until his un- timely death in 1974. A posthumous edition of his writings will be forthcoming as Proofs and Refutations and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Mathematics. List of Contributors xv PETER MACHAMER is Associate Professor in the Department of Philo- sophy at Ohio State University. With R. Turnbull, he has edited Motion and Time, Space and Matter (1975), and Perception: Historical and Philosophical Studies (1976). He has also written "Feyerabend and Gali- leo: The Interaction of Theories ana the Reinterpretation of Experi- ence," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1973; and other studies in the history and philosophy of science. NICHOLAS H. STENECK is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Michigan, and is editor of Science and Society: Past, Present, and Future (1975); author of Science and Creation, forthcoming; "Albert the Great on the Classification and Localization of the Internal Senses," Isis, 1974. NOEL M. SWERDLOW is Associate Professor of History at The University of Chicago, and author of "The Derivation and First Draft of Copernicus' Planetary Theory. A Translation of the Commentariolus with Commentary," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 1973. He is currently working on a translation of and commentary on Book III of Copernicus' De revolutionibus; Books III and VII of Regio- montanus' Epitome of the Almagest-, and Erasmus Reinhold's commentary on Book III of De revolutionibus. STEPHEN E. TOULMIN is Professor of Social Thought and Philosophy in the Committee on Social Thought at The University of Chicago. His books include Philosophy of Science (1953); The Uses of Argument (1958); Foresight and Understanding (1961). With June Goodfield he has written The Fabric of the Heavens (1961); The Architecture of Matter (1963); The Discovery of Time (1965). He is also author of Human Understanding, Vol. 1 (1972) and has written with Allan Janik, Wittgenstein's Vienna (1973). His recent articles include "The Alexan- drian Trap," Encounter, 1974. ROBERT S. WESTMAN, Associate Professor of History at the University of California, Los Angeles, is author of "Kepler's Theory of Hypothesis and the 'Realist Dilemma'," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1972; "The Comet and the Cosmos: Kepler, Mastlin and the Copernican Hypothesis," Studia Copernicana, 1972; and "The Mel- anchthon Circle, Rheticus and the Wittenberg Interpretation of the xvi List of Contributors Copernican Theory," Isis, 1975. He is currently completing a book entitled Scientific Generations and Innovation: The Diffusion of the Copernican Theory, 1540-1650, and, with Owen Gingerich, a study of the group of copies of De revolutionibus annotated by Tycho Brahe, to appear in Centaurus, 1976. CURTIS A. WILSON is Dean of St. John's College, and author of William Heytesbury: Medieval Logic and the Rise of Mathematical Physics (1956); and, recently, "Newton and Some Philosophers on Kepler's 'Laws'," Journal of the History of Ideas, 1974; "The Inner Planets and the Keplerian Revolution," Centaurus, 1973; and numerous studies in the history of 16th-17th century astronomy. BRUCE WRIGHTSMAN, Associate Professor of Religion and the History and Philosophy of Science at Luther College, is author of "Man: Mana- ger or Manipulator of the Earth," Dialog, 1971, and, forthcoming, Conflict and Consensus in Religion and Science. ELIE ZAHAR is Lecturer in Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics. He is author of "The Development of Relativity Theory: A Case Study in the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes," University of Lon- don Doctoral Dissertation, 1973; "Why did Einstein's Programme supersede Lorentz's? (I)," The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 1973. .

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